-->Phytochemistry and Chemical Biology

Acute toxicity and protective effects of alcohol extract from Prismatomeris tetrandra on experimental liver injury in mice

2016/1/15 21:08:51

Base on the acute toxicity of the alcohol extracted from Prismatomeris tetrandra,the protect effects on acute experimental liver injury in mice were studied. The MTD of the alcohol extract from P.tetrandra is 2 080 g drogen/kg. The alcohol extract from P.tetrandra can remarkable decrease ALT,AST in serum on acute liver injury induced by CCL₄ and D-GalN(P<0.01),and effect of the low dosage is the best. It can also obvious decrease ALT,AST activities in serum and MDA levels in liver tissue(P<0.01); improve SOD activities and GSH levels in liver tissue on immunological liver injury(P<0.01). These experiments of the article are the first report for P.tetrandra.

Comparison of the total tannin in different organs of Calycanthus chinensis

2016/1/15 21:08:51

Total tannin content in different organs of Calycanthus chinensis endemic to China was determined and its correlations with the environmental factors were analyzed. The results showed as follows. First,the total tannin distributed in all of the nutrient organs of C.chinensis. The content in the leaves was the highest,and that in the roots took the second place while that in the annual twigs,biennial twigs or stems were very low. Second,the total tannin content in the leaves of C.chinensis in sunny slope was higher than that of shady one with significant difference. Contrary content was observed in the roots of C.chinensis. Third,the total tannin content in the leaves of seven C.chinensis populations changed from 1.106 6% to 2.006 0%,with an average of 1.690 6%. That of five populations from Lin'an City was higher than that of two populations from Daleishan with significant difference. Fourth,the path analysis showed that the soil nitrogen and C/N had positive effect on the content of total tannin in the leaves of C.chinensis.

RP-HPLC fingerprint of Picria fel-terrae from South Guangxi

LIANG Xiao-Yan, FANG Hong, NING De-Sheng, CHEN Hai-Shan, HUANG Yong-Lin — 2016/1/15 21:08:51
The RP-HPLC assay was used to establish the fingerprint of Picria fel-terrae from South Guangxi,and the HPLC chromatogram of different origins of Picria fel-terrae were compared. The chromatography conditions were as follows:Luna C18 column(4.6×250 mm,5 μm),a mixture of acetonitrile and water as mobile phase in gradient mode,flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,detective wavelength at 254 nm,column temperature 25℃. The fingerprints of P.fel-terrae with 16 common peaks were determined. The RSD of precision and reproducibility lay within 5%. According to this method,the established fingerprint can be used for the identification and quality control of P.fel-terrae.

Determination of the seed protein content on buckwheat by means of the dye method

2016/1/15 21:08:51
Coomassie brilliant blue(CBB)G250 was used to determine the seed protein content of 25 common buckwheat accessions and 20 tartary buckwheat accessions. The results showed that the best conditions to determine the seed protein content of buckwheat with the dye combination method in this study were:15 ℃ 50 min and the dye concentration 0.06 mg/mL. Under these conditions,there are much significant linear regression and correlation between the dye combination amount and the protein content. The regression equations of the cultivated common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat are y=15.364x+3.865 and y=10.769x+6.287,respectively. There are much significant difference between the two equations,indicating that they fit to be used for calculation of the seed protein content on the cultivated common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat,respectively.

Analysis of zilanine in extract of Peristrophe baphica by RP-HPLC

2016/1/15 21:08:51
The paper established a RP-HPLC method for the determination of the content of zilanine in extract of Peristrophe baphica. RP-HPLC was conducted on a ZORBAX XDB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm)with CH₃CN-[CH₃COONH₄(75 mmol/L)+EGTA(0.5 mmol/L,pH=7.0)]=8:92; flow rate 1.0 mL/min,the detection wavelength was set at 590 nm. The linear range of zilanine was 2.5～50 mg/L(r=0.9999). The recoveries were 97.9%～101.5%. The method is simple and accurate with good reproducibility,it is suitable for the determination of zilanine content in extract of P.baphica.

Comparison of two methods for extracting volatile oil from Curcuma longa in Guangxi

2016/1/15 21:08:36
In this study,the volatile oil was extracted from Curcuma longa growing in Napo,Guangxi by using steam distillation and Soxhelt method. The chemical components of the volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS. Effect of different methods on yield,main components and relative contents was compared simultaneously. The result shows that the main chemical constituents of the volatile oil are α-curcumene,(-)-Zingiberene,Ar-turmerone,β-Sesquiphellandrene,β-Turmerone,α-Turmerone,4-(1,5-dimethyl-hex-4-enyl)-cyclohex-2-enone,and β-bisabolene.

Primary study on anticancer activity of Uvaria microcarpa in different harvest time

2016/1/15 21:08:36
SRB was used to examine the inhibition rate of different harvest time and dfifferent Uvaria microcarpa extracts to the KB cell, the result shows that different harvest times lead to different inhibition rate and the October extracts have the highest inhibition rate to the KB cell

Chemical constituents of volatile oil from leaves of Clausena emarginata

NA Zhi — 2016/1/15 21:08:36
The volatile oil from the leaves of Clausena emarginata was obtained by steam distillation and the chemical constituents of the oil were separated and identified by means of capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. 40 peaks were separated, of which 37 compounds were identified, accounting for 99.87% of the total oil. Monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids are the major chemical components in the volatile oil.

Chemical constituents of volatile oil from stems of Cleidiocarpon cavaleriei

2016/1/15 21:08:36
The volatile oil extracted from the stem of Cleidiocarpon cavaleriei were analyzed by GC-MS for the first time. 35 compounds were identified,which accounted for over 98.34% of the volatile oil. The relative contents were determined by area normalization. The major compositions were Hexadecanoic acid ethyl ester(13.19%),n-Hexadecanoic acid(11.11%),Ethyl oleate(6.18%),Octadecane(4.98%),(Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(4.90%),and Linoleic acid ethyl ester(4.21%).

Determination of artemisimin in Artemisia annua with RP-HPLC

2016/1/15 21:08:36
The content of artemisimin in Artemidia annua was determined with the method of pre-column reaction to RP-HLPC. The column was ZORBAXXDB-C18(4.6 mm×150 mm,5 μm),with mobile phase CH₃OH-0.01 mol/L NaAC-HAC buffer(pH=5.8,62:38),flow rate 0.8 mL/min,column temperature at 30 ℃. The results showed that there are great diversity in the content of artemisimin in Artemidiae annua from different places and different harvest time. The method is accurate,sensible and repeatable,and can be used for the quality control of this herbal medicine.

Compositions of the volatile oil from leaves of Canarium pimela

YANG Yong-Li, GUO Shou-Jun, MA Rui-Jun, WANG Yan-Kun — 2016/1/15 21:08:18
Components of the volatile oil from the leaves of Canarium pimela Leenh. were analysed by GC-MS,and their relative contens were determined by area normalization. 19 peaks were isolated from volatile oil,of which 19 chemical compounds were identified,accounting for 100% of the volatile oil. Caryophyllene(33.47%),α-pinene(18.03%),d-limonene(16.82%),3-thujene(11.74%)and α-phellandrene(6.51%)were the main constituents in the volatile oil.

Determination of mogrol glycosides from fruits of Siraitia grosvenorii in different growing ages by HPLC

2016/1/15 21:08:18
Mogrol glycosides ⅡE,Ⅲ,V in the fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii in different growing ages were determined by HPLC. The result shows that bitter glycocide Ⅱ and tasteless glycocide Ⅲ are the main products in the fruit at the early growing stage,but the contents decrease as the growth of the fruit; the content of magrol glycosides V increases rapidly after 50 days and gets stability after 80 days. This conclusion can provide scientific evidence for the fruit picking of S.grosvenorii.

An evaluation on the antibacterial effects of the bulb extract from three Lilium species

2016/1/15 10:58:30
Kirby-Bauer disk agar diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activities of the bulb extracts from Lilium leucanthum,L.regale and L.davidii to Gram-positive bacteria(Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtlis)and Gram-negative bacteria(Escherichia coli,Salmonella),and the dose-effect relation between the contents of lily bulb extracts from three different species and the antibacterial activity was measured. The results showed that the lily bulb extracts from three Lilium species had antibacterial effects on all four tested bacteria,and that the effect on Gram-positive bacteria was stronger than that on Gram-negative bacteria. The inhibitory activities of L.leucanthum and L.regale extracts were higher than that of L.davidii. There existed a significant dose-effect relation between the antibacterial activity and the contents of lily bulb extracts,i.e.the antibacterial activity increased proportionally along with the increasing of the contents of lily bulb extracts.

Histochemical allocation of coumarin in Glehnia littoralis

2016/1/15 10:58:30
The histochemical allocation of the coumarin in the root,the blade and the petiole of the Glehnia littoralis was studied by using the fluorescent microscopy and the light microscopy. The results show that the coumarin,which releases blue fluorescence under the fluorescent microscopy,exists in secretary canals. Secretary canals distribute everywhere in G.littoralis. In the roots,they are in the secondary phloem; in the blades,they are in the parenchyma of the vein; in the petioles,they are in the parenchyma around the vascular and approaching the collenchyma.

Nematicidal activity of extracts of Helianthemum ordosicum against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

2016/1/15 10:58:30
To found out the value of Helianthemum ordosicum,the biological activities of six kinds of extract on different concentrations were determined and compared. And the carbinol,ethanol and water extracts which have strong nematicidal activity were selected from those extracts. The influences of extract types,treatment concentrations and treatment time on Bursaphelenchus xylophilus were investigated. Variance analysis of three factors showed Helianthemum ordosicum's corrected mortality was extremely influenced by type(A),treatment concentration(B)and treatment time(C),interaction effect of three factors(A×B×C)and interaction effects between factors(A×B,A×C,B×C)had the same effect. The optimal treatment combinations were solved: one was the water extract 6 mg·L^-1 on the 1st day; the other was ethanol extract 3 mg·L^-1 on the 5th day,the Helianthemum ordosicum's corrected mortalities of the above two combinations were all 100%. The water and carbinol extract's LC₅₀ in 5 days were compared,and the nematocidal activity of water extract were significantly stronger than others.

Advances in reseach on natural triterpenoids with bioactivities

MENG Li-Li, HUANG Chu-Sheng, LIU Hong-Xing — 2016/1/15 10:58:30
Triterpenoids are a huge group of organic compounds widely existing in nature. Many of them are possessed of certain bioactivities. The paper makes a review of the past five years'progress in the research on bioactivities of natural triterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activities,antibacterial activities and antitumour activities.

Anti-tumor activities in vitro of extracts from Selaginella labordei

2016/1/15 10:57:49
MTT assays were used to evaluate effects of ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts from Selaginella labordei on inhibiting cell proliferation. Flow cytometry(FCM)was used to detect cell apoptosis rate. The results showed that ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts had a distinctive dose-dependent relation in inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis. The IC₅₀ values of ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts were 1.927 μg/mL and 24.600 μg/mL respectively. So ethyl acetate extracts possessed stronger anti-tumor activity,and n-butanol extracts the next,water extracts were relatively weak. S.laborei is a potential medical plant with anti-tumor activities.

Effect of light intensity on volatile oil and crucumol content in Curcuma kwangsiensis

CHEN Xu, ZENG Jian-Hong — 2016/1/15 10:57:49
The volatile oil of Curcuma kwangsiensis was distilled by the steam distillation(XD)and the crucumol was determined by GC,and then the data was analysed by SPSS10.0 in order to discuss the effect of light intensity on biosynthetic pathway of volatile oil and crucumol. The results showed that when the light intensity was 85%,the volatile oil and crucumol content were the highest,the correlation were significant between the two. The analysis showed that,the effect of light intensity on the biosynthesis and accumulation was remarkable and the suitable light intensity was 85%.

Antioxidant and activated oxygen free radical scavenging activities of different extract from Siraitia grosvenorii

2016/1/15 10:57:50
The antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of water extract,methanol extract,ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract from dried fruit of Siraitia grosvenorii were investigated in present study,employing various methods established in vitro systems,such as the total antioxidant capacity measured by phosphombdenum method,scavenging activities towards superoxide anion radical with auto-oxidation of pyrogallol method,scavenging activities towards hydroxyl radical with fenton reaction,and antilipoperoxidation activities measured by method of peroxidation of egg lipid. The results showed that all the extracts exhibited antioxidant and radical scavenging activities at different magnitudes of potency. The decreasing order of antioxidant and radical scavenging activities among the extracts assayed through all the four methods were found to be ethyl acetate extract>water extract>methanol extract>ethanol extract. Results of this study show that extracts of S.grosvenorii might be valuable antioxidant natural sources and seem to be applicable in both healthy medicine and foods.

Initial practice of Real Time PCR for the expression of SS gene in Panax notoginseng

2016/1/15 10:57:50
The total RNA was isolated from root,stem and rootstock of one-year-old Panax notoginseng respectively. Then, the transcripts of SS gene in the three tissues were assayed by SYBR Green I Real Time RT-PCR. The results revealed that SS gene is highest expressed in root. In this research, the results showed high specificity and stability with the standard curve slope between -3.33 and -4; the PCR efficiency between 95%-100%; and the exclusive peak in melting curve. All these would make the technique goes smoothly in the analyzing of the differential expression in P.notoginseng.

HPLC; Picria fel-tarrae; picfeltarraenin ⅠA; picfeltarraenin ⅠB

FANG Hong, LIANG Xiao-Yan, NING De-Sheng, CHEN Hai-Shan — 2016/1/15 10:57:50
The content of picfeltarraenins ⅠA and ⅠB in Picria fel-tarrae from different regions were analyzed by HPLC,the results showed that the content of picfeltarraenins ⅠB was higher than picfeltarraenins ⅠA. The chromatography conditions were as follows:Waters C18 column(4.6 mm i.d.×250 mm,5 μm)with acetonitrile-water(36︰64,volume ratio)as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min,and the detection wavelength was set at 264 nm. The operating curves of ⅠA and ⅠB were found to be linear over the ranges of 0.05-0.50 mg/mL(r=0.999 3)and 0.072-0.720 mg/mL(r=0.999 4). The average recoveries were 100.58% and 101.15%. The method is simple,accurate and can be used as a standard for the Picria fel-tarrae medicine material quality detected.

Chemical constituents of Vaccinium carlesii

2016/1/15 10:57:26
The extractive of Vaccinium carlesii with alcohol was extracted by acetic ether and then abstracted by chloroform,acetone and methanol by turns. The chemical constituents were isolated by using repeated silical gel column chromatography. 8 compounds were isolated and identified. Their structures were determined by spectral means. They were n-heptacosane(Ⅰ),friedelin(Ⅱ),friedelinol(Ⅲ),lupenol(Ⅳ),β-sitosterol(Ⅴ),dauosterol(Ⅵ),trans-p-hydroxy cinamic acid(Ⅶ)and methyl shikimate(Ⅷ). All the compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time. Compounds Ⅰ,Ⅳ,Ⅷ are newly isolated from the plant of Vaccinium.

A study of total flavone contents on various organs of different Polygonum capitatum accessions

2016/1/15 10:57:26
The variations of the total flavone contents on various organs of ten P.capitatum accessions native to Guizhou and Sichuan were studied by spectrophotometry,in order to search plants which contain higher contents of the total flavone in the accessions and their organs. The results showed that the differences of the total flavone contents among the different organs were great,the order of the total flavone contents was:old stem>inflorescence>young leaf>old leaf>young stem. There were significant differences of the total flavone contents in the old stems or inflorescences among ten accessions,and no significant difference in the other organs. The accession native to Dujiangyan contained the highest total flavone content(up to 2.761%),much higher than others.

Principles and skills of page transition and connection in editing academic paper of sci-tech journal

JIANG Qiao-Yuan, LU Yuan-Feng, CHEN Quan — 2016/1/15 10:57:26
Based on the experience of editing practice,the principles and skills of page transition and connection in editing academic paper of sci-tech journal were summarized. Eight principles,such as how to avoid page skip,link a short segment to a large segment,avoid a converse transition and connection as possible and so on were presented,explained and discussed. And the skills to perform these principles in practice were demonstrated. It is considered that the optimum time to deal with the page transition and connection is in the stage of press proof. These principles and skills are very useful in improving edition efficiency and journal quality.

Chemical constituents of Nephrolepis cordifolia

2016/1/15 10:57:05
Six compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of Nephrolepis cordifolia. They were identified as β-sitosterol(1),fern-9(11)-ene(2),oleanolic acid(3),myristic acid octadecylester(4),hentriacontanoic acid(5)and triacontanol(6)by physical-chemical and spectroscopic data. Compounds 3-6 were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Chemical constituents of volatile oil from Porella paraphyllia

2016/1/15 10:57:05
The volatile oil from Porella paraphyllia was obtained by steam distillation,with the content of 0.1%. Twenty chemical constituents were separated and identified by GC-MS,and their relative contents were determined by peak area normalization. Among them,α-Pinene and γ-elemene are the main bioactive constituents in the volatile oil.

Chemical constituents of volatile oils from flower and leaf of Cleidiocarpon cavaleriei

2016/1/15 10:57:05
The volatile oils extracted from the flower and leaf of Cleidiocarpon cavalerieiwere analyzed by GC-MS for the first time. The relative contents were determined by area normalization.10 compounds were identified,which accounted for over 96.90% of the volatile oil of the flowers. The major compositions were n-Hexadecanoic acid(59.89%),(Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(13.82%),(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrien-1-ol(6.58%),Bis(2-)phthalate(5.59%). 10 compounds were identified,which accounted for over 45.26% of the essential oil of the leaves. The major compositions were Diethyl phthalate(19.64%),Butylated hydroxytoluene(10.58%),n-Hexadecanoic acid(3.70%)and Benzoic acid(3.46%).

Chemical components of diterpenoids from Isodon japonica var.galaucocalyx from Gansu Province, China

2016/1/15 10:56:00
Chemical constituents of diterpenoids from Isodon japonica var.galaucocalyx were studied. The compounds were isolated by column Chromatography and the structures of these compounds were elucidated by means of spectral analysis. The antitumor activity was determined in vitro by the SRB assay. Five compounds were isolated and identified as Rabdesinate(Ⅰ),Epinodosin(Ⅱ),Lasiokaourin(Ⅲ),Epinodosinol(Ⅳ)and Oridonin(Ⅴ),respectively. These compounds have significant cytotoxicity against Bel-7402 and HO-8910. Compounds Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ of them were obtained form I.japonica var.galaucocalyx for the first time.

Separation and purification of G protein from Arabidopsis thaliana

XIE Hong, YANG Fei-Wu, GUO Ying, LIANG Jian-Sheng — 2016/1/15 10:56:00
G protein was purified from the suspended cultured wide-type cell of Arabidopsis thaliana(Col-0)by ultrasonic fragmentation,homogenization,centrifugation,40%～60% saturation Ammonium sulphate sedimentation,gel filtration(Sephadex G-25,Sephadex G-200,Sepharose CL-6B)and DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange chromatographer. The result identified by non-denatured PAGE showed one band in the gel and Western blotting analysis confirmed that the protein was G protein. The target protein after Native-PAGE was collected,and it displayed three bands after SDS-PAGE. The first band was α subunit,and its MW was about 60kDa. The second and third bands which were 45kDa and 35 kDa,were presumed to be the β and γ subunits. The purification method of G protein will facilitate further function investigation of G protein in mutant-type cell of A.thaliana.

Analysis of academic influence of GUIHAIA based on CJCR and CAJCCR

JIANG Qiao-Yuan, CHEN Quan, LU Yuan-Feng — 2016/1/15 10:56:00
According to changes of integrated academic indices,this paper multi-objectively displays the steady development of GUIHAIA through its status and academic influence in Chinese sci-tech journals and its internationalization. The results indicate that academic indices of the journal(including total cited frequency,impact factor,etc.)have been growing greatly and rapidly in recent years,and it has an obvious development on the journal internationalization. It is proposed to analyze academic influence of the journal and to reveal the related law of internal changes,this will provide objective references for the exploring of sci-tech journal development,so as to form a brand periodical.

Statistics and analysis of digital information in the herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany

LIN Chun-Rui,LIU Yan,HE Cheng-Xin, SHEN Xiao-Lin, ZOU Rong, YU Xi-Xi — 2016/1/15 10:56:00
Based on the digital information of 200000 herbarium specimens in IBK,the species,limestone plants,collecting locality,collecting date and collector of them were counted and analysed respectively. There are 11 452 species of vascular plants among them,which belong to 2 504 genera and 314 familes. There are a lot of limestone plants among them and accounts for 45.35%,which belong to 205 familes 1 021 genera 2 700 species. Most of them are from Guangxi,with 100 372 sheets and accounts for 50.19%. Large number were collected in 1950s,the mumber reaches 87997 and accounts for 44.00%. This results offer some scientific basis for the further development of IBK,and suggestions for the herbarium.

Determination of aristolochic acid A in Saruma henryi by HPLC

ZHAO Hua, JIANG Hai — 2016/1/15 21:07:43
Content of aristolochic acid A from Saruma henryi has been determined by HPLC. The result indicated that aristolochic acid A mainly exists in the root and the rhizome part of S.henryi. The stem had extremely few aristolochic acid A and there are not aristolochic acid A in the leaf. The content of aristolochic acid A in root and rhizome is 0.165%～0.198%,and 0.012%～0.023% in the stem. Comparing with other species of Aristololchiaceae,S.henryi had the higher content of aristolochic acid A.

Identification of the original plant of Tibetan material medica “Zangyinchen”

2016/1/15 21:07:43
Correct identification and nomination of the original plants are the first step in exploiting Tibetan herbal medicine. “Zangyingchen”,one of the most commonly used Tibetan Materia Medica,is derived from some Gentianaceae. Swertia mussotii is the original plant of“Zangyinchen”. S.mussotii and the other eight species that widely used as Tibetan herbal medicine“Zangyinchen”were morphologically and phytochemically compared and their difference was clarified. The reasons of confusion of“Zangyinchen”and identification methods of S.mussotii were discussed. In the phylogenetic frame of Swertia,S.mussotii and S.punicea are closely related,it may be a superior source of medicines with similar qualities to“Zangyinchen”.

Effects of glucose on activities of Glycerol-3- phosphate dehydrogenase of Dunaliella salina

2016/1/15 21:07:43
D.salina is the single-cell green alga with strong anti-osmosis ability,and glycerol has the very important role in the process of osmosis regulation. Glucose(Glu)had weak effect on the increase of cell density of D.salina,but could obviously promote the accumulation of intracellular glycerol(Gly)of the alga,and the effect linearly correlated remarkably with intracellular Gly concentration(R²=0.9604,P=0.01),when the concentration of glucose was between 0-15 g/L. Upon Glu being 15 g/L,the accumulation of intracellular Gly reached maximal value of 7.80 pg/cell,which was 1.88 times of the control treatment. Intracellular Gly concentration linearly correlated remarkably with the consumption of Glu(R²=0.9982,P=0.01). Glu could clearly increase the intracellular protein content,activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH),and the total amount of intracellular protein,activity of GPDH,specific activity of GPDH reached maximal values,which were 1.354,4.384 and 3.229 times of that of control treatment,respectively,when the concentration of Glu was at 15 g/L. Data indicated that,when Glu being at 15 g/L,the amount of intracellular protein just increased slightly,while the activity and the specific activity of GPDH increased very dramatically; the change of osmostic pressure resulted by Glu might induced the synthesis of some new isoenzymes.

The aroma components from the flowers of Camellia renshanxiangiae by HS-SPME

2016/1/15 21:07:43
Aroma components of fresh flowers of Camellia renshanxiangiae were extracted by HS-SPME and analyzed by GC-MS. Total 50 components were detected,19 of them were identified,which accounted for 71.72%. The result indicated that the main aroma components were aromatic compound,sesquiterpenoid,alkane,alkene,and fatty acid ester. The content of sesquiterpenoids is the highest,accounting for 46.31%,the next is alkane,accounting for 19.79%.

Analysis of the volatile oil from the root of Actinidia eriantha Benth

2016/1/15 21:07:44
Volatile oil,extracted from the root of Actinidia eriantha Benth by steam distillation,was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS)for the first time. The relative contents in the volatile oil were determined by peak area normalization. 49 compounds have been identified,including eight classes of hydrocarbons(14 kinds,22.26%),aldehydes and ketones(2 kinds,8.52%),alcohols(15 kinds,45.38%),phenol(1 kind,1.08%),carboxylic acids(5 kind,7.69%),esters(5 kinds,7.18%),heterocyclic compounds(3 kinds,2.72%)and epoxides(2 kind,3.39%). Terpenes(62.20%)were found to be the main components,of which the major compounds were monoterpenes(5 kinds,5.29%)and sesquiterpenes(17 kinds,56.91%). The results can provide the basis data for evaluating its quality and for developing new drugs.

Content and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide extracted from Humulus scandens

2016/1/15 21:07:20
The contents of polysaccharide in the whole plant,apic bud,leave and stam of Humulus scandens in August and October,the scavenging effect of its purified polysaccharide on O^{^</sup>-₂·and ·OH were investigated.The results showed that the content of polysaccharide in apic bud in August was the highest,reached(42.897±2.996)mg/g. The concentration of 5 mg/mL polysaccharide of H.scanalens can scavenge hydroxyl free radical formed in Fenton raction,and the elimination rate reached 85.15%-98.52%. Oxygen free radicals of self-oxidantion of pyrogallol was well inhibited by the polysaccharide,and the elimination rate reached 57.15%-67.54%. The polysaccharide of H.scandens had antioxidant activities on O^{^</sup>-₂·and ·OH.}}

Chemical constituents and biological activity of volatile oil from the tubers of Polygonatum filipes

2016/1/15 21:07:20
The constituents of volatile oil from the tubers of Polygonatum filipeswere analyzed by GC-MS. About 30 components were separated and 17 compounds were identified,showing that 85.297% of the total contents and its main chemical constituent was 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,diisooctyl ester; biological activity of the volatile oil was screened with microbiological method and Alamar Blue method. The results showed that S.aureus and R.glutinis were sensitive to the volatile oil which couldn't obviously inhibit the growth of cultured tumor cells.

Extraction and analysis of kernel oil of Mallotus apelta

LIU Shi-Biao, PENG Xiao-Lie, YI Chun-Hua, CHEN Pei-Pei, ZHANG Shi-Xin — 2016/1/15 21:07:20
Kernel oil of Mallotus apelta,obtained by supercritical CO₂ fluit extraction(SFE-CO₂)from the seed of the tree grown at Fenghuang County,Luxi County,Guzhang County and Jishou City of Hunan Province in China,were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)after esterification. The results revealed that oleic acid,palmitic acid,linoleic acid,stearic acid and azelaic acid were the five common components that existed in the kernel oils collected from the four sampling points,with their relative contents reduced in order. The former four components are major compositions of kernel oil,which comprising 98.92% of the oil from Fenghuang County,96.67% from Guzhang County,94.84% from Jishou City and 94.58% from Luxi County.

Chemical constituents of volatile oils from Catunaregam spinosa fruits

2016/1/15 21:07:20
The volatile oils were extracted from the fruits of Catunaregam spinosa by supercritical CO₂,analyzed by capillary GC-MS techniques,and the relative content of each component was determined by area normalization method. 33 components were isolated and identified from the volatile oils which account for 89.43% of total oil and were dominated by ester and carboxylic acid fractions. The main constituents were 11,14-eicosadienoic acid,methyl ester(42.49%),palmitic acid(15.34%),stearic acid(10.54%),myristic acid(6.26%),hexadecanoic acid,ethyl ester(5.84%)respectively.

Study on terpenoid from the roots of Croton crassifolius

2016/1/15 21:07:03
The chemical constituents of Croton crassifolius were reported. Four compounds were isolated from its roots,and identified as Mallotucin B(Ⅰ),Cyperenoic acid(Ⅱ),Ent-spathulenol(Ⅲ)and Cyperenol(Ⅳ). Mallotucin B,Ent-spathulenol and Cyperenol were obtained from the roots of Croton crassifolius for the first time.

Inhibitory activity of extracts and fractions of Populus &#215;euramericana on plant pathogenic fungi in vitro

2016/1/15 21:07:03
The ethanol extracts and their different polar fractions from both young stems and leaves of Populus&#215;euramericana Guineir cl. ‘74/76'were screened for antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi by using a mycelial radial growth inhibition method. The pathogenic fungi tested were Alternaria solani,Curvularia lunata,Dothiorella gregaria,Fusarium graminearum,F.oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum,F.oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici,F.vasinfectum and Rhizoctonia cerealis. All plant extracts and their fractions expressed antifungal activity except for the ethanol extract from young stems on Dothiorella gregaria,the pathogen of poplar stem rot. Ethyl acetate fraction showed higher antifungal activity than the others.

Chemical study on Brassaiopsis glomerulata

2016/1/15 21:07:03
Four compounds were isolated from Brassaiopsis glomerulata(Bi)Regel for the first time,and identified as β-sitosterol(1),stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol(2),1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-one(3)oleanolic acid(4)according to spectral data analysis.

Study on the chemical constituent of essential oil from roots and nutlets of Cleidiocarpon cavaleriei

2016/1/15 21:07:03
The essential oil extracted from the roots and nutlets of Cleidiocarpon cavaleriei were analyzed by GC-MS for the first time. The relative contents were determined by area normalization. 23 compounds were identified,which accounted for 100% of the essential oil of the roots. The major compositions were n-Hexadecanoic acid(18.74%);(Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(12.81%),1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid,bis(2-methylpropyl)ester(10.59%),Dibutyl phthalatephthalate(7.42%)and Tetracosane(6.72%). 17 compounds were identified,which accounted for 100% of the essential oil of the nutlets. The major compositions were(E)-9-Octadecenoic acid(23.15%),n-Hexadecanoic acid(21.20%),(Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid(19.26%)and 3-Methyl-heptadecane(6.80%).

Antifungal activity against plant pathogens of the extracts from Salsola passerina

2016/1/15 10:59:07
The bioactivitities against 13 species of fungi of seven solvent extracts from Salsola passerina were studied by growth rate method. The results showed that different extracts had dramatically different fungistatic effects on the fungi tested. Some extracts had strong fungistasis on some species of fungi. The inhibition rate of the boiling water extracts achieved 100% on Verticillium dahliae V991. All 7 extracts had the effects on Venturia inaequalis,furthermore,the inhibition rate of the petroleum ether extracts achieved 91.89%. Some had a little fungistasis on some species,such as dichloromethane extracts had lower fungistasis against all 13 fungi. While some had promotional effect on some species of fungi,for example,methanol extracts had an evidently promotional effect on Alternaria kikuchiana growth.

缺萼枫香叶挥发油的化学成分研究

陈海珊赵志国梁小燕蒋巧媛蒋小华 — 2016/1/15 10:59:07
以水蒸气蒸馏法提取缺萼枫香叶中的挥发油,首次以气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分离、鉴定,共分离出44个成分,鉴定了其中的29个成分,占挥发油总量的81.04%,主要成分为n-棕榈酸(27.03%)和9,12,15-十八酸(13.35%).

Physiological response of Plagiomnium acutum during desiccation and rehydration process

2016/1/15 10:59:07
Ability of osmo-regulation,changes of protective enzymes activities and ascorbic acid content and DNA damage/repair were studied in Plagiomnium acutum during desiccation and rehydration process. Results showed that:(1)on the desiccation phase,content of proline,soluble sugar and reducing sugar increased obviously,and got the peak at 12 h; peameability of membrane raised; activities of protective enzymes,such as SOD,CAT and POD,increased continually,thus the content of antixidative substrate AsA decreased gradually at the same time; DNA degradated gradually,only some low molecular weight framents existed at the end.(2)all the indexes mentioned above showed an opposite tendency on the rehydration phase. Based on these,it can be concluded that P.acutum has the typical characteristic of resurrection plant,possess a strong ability on anti-dry(drought)during the variation of moisture content,and it mainly attributes to the ability of repairing.

Extraction and analysis of volatile constituents from testa of rare and endangered plant Kmeria septentrionalis

2015/12/16 11:38:17
The volatile constituents of testa of Kmeria septentrionalis were extracted by the steam distillation. The chemical constituents of essential oil and compounds of dissolution in water have been analyzed by GCMS. The results show that extractive yield of volatile chemicals is 4.2%(essential oil 3.5%，extractive substance from water 07%). The terpene compounds are rich and high content in the major constituents of essential oil. The compounds of essential oil are αcimene(37.30%)，DLimonene(9.03%)，pCymene(8.10%)，βMyrcene(7.79%)，βtransOcimene(4.08%)，pMenth1ene(4.00%)，and αThujene(3.11%). The major constituents in dissolution of water with ether extraction are αTerpineol(6.13%)，pCymene(5.57%)，DLimonene(5.33%)，6Methyl3，5heptadiene2one(4.44%)，4Methyl4penten2one(4.16%).

Chemical constituents of volatile oils in Chrysosplenium cavaleriei， C.macrophyllum and C.davidianum

2015/12/16 11:38:17
The volatile constituents in Chrysosplenium cavaleriei，C.macrophyllum and C.davidianum from Kuankuoshui Nature Reserve in Guizhou Province were extracted with steam distillation and analyzed by GCMS. Eightyfive different compounds were identified from the samples，in which the main compounds were Hexadecanoic acid，Alkanes，Myristic acid and Phytol. There were 48 compounds in C.cavaleriei，in which the main compounds were Hexadecanoic acid(10.29%)and Lauric acid(7.54%). There were 50 compounds in C.macrophyllum，in which the main compounds were Octoil(10.91%)and Heptacosane(7.29%). There were 58 compounds in C.davidianum，in which the main compounds were Hexadecanoic acid(12.66%)and Dotriacontane(8.15%). The results showed that the main compounds of the volatile constituents in the 3 species in Chrysosplenium were similar，but there were some unique volatile constituents in them respectively.

Monomer ginsenosides dynamic change of reproductive organs of Panax ginseng

2015/12/16 11:38:17
The contents of monomer ginsenoside Rb1，Rb2，Rb3，Rc，Rd，Re，Rg1 and Rg3 in reproduction organs(flower bud，flower and fruit) of Panax ginseng at growing stage were dynamically determined by HPLC method. The results indicated that the mean contents of Rb1，Rb2，Rb3，Rc，Rd，Re，Rg1 and Rg3 of reproduction organs were 0643%，0.189%，1.026%，1.014%，1.941%，8.381，0.724% and 0.041 mg•g1，respectively. From budding to the complete ripening of fruits，content of monomer ginsenoside Rb1 of reproduction organs peaked at July 16th，content of Rb3，Rc，Rd and Rg1 peaked at July 11th，and content of Rb2 and Rg2 peaked at August 7th，respectively.

Determination of zilanine contents in extracts of Peristrophe baphica by Micellar Eletrokinetic Capillary Chromatography (MECC)

LI Juan， XIE YunChang*， JIANG XiaoHua — 2015/12/16 11:38:17
The method of MECC was established to determine zilanine contents in extracts of P.baphica. The capillary column was 50.2 cm long and 75 μm in internal diameter；the operation voltage was 25 kV，testwavelength 585 nm，column temperature 25 ℃；the mobile buffer was 25 mmol/L boric acid20% acetonitrile(pH 8.0)with 10 mmol/L βCD；the sampling was conducted by pressure for 5 s. The results showed that the linear range of determination for zilanine was 10～100 μmol/L(r=0.9995). The average recovery rate was 953%-103.2%. The method was fast，simple，convenient，comparatively accurate，and could be used to determinate zilanine contents in extract of P.baphica.

Determination of Three Alkaloids of Zanthoxylum nitidum var.fastuosum Using TLCS

2015/12/16 11:38:17
Three alkaloids were isolated from Z.nitidum var.fastuosum of Dayao Mountain and their structures were characterized as Liriodenine (Ⅰ)，Chelerythrine (Ⅱ) and Nitidine chloride (Ⅲ). Their contents were determined by TLCS and compared with Z.nitidum from Yulin and Baise in Guangxi. The result showed that both Ⅱ and Ⅲ were found in Z.nitidum var.fastuosum and Z.nitidum Furthermore，Ⅰ was detecteded in Z.nitidum var.fastuosum，with a content of 0.00957%.

Isolation and identification of chemical constituents from Blumea balsanifera

2015/12/16 11:38:04
The chemical components of the Blumea balsanifera were separated and purified by column chromatography，their structures were identified as Luteolin(1)，Luteolin 7methylether(2)，Rhamnetin(3)，5，4′dihydroxy7methoxyf lavone(4)，5，4′dihydroxy3，3′，7trimethoxy flavanone(〖STHZ〗5〖STBZ〗)，Eriodictyol(6)，Dihydroquercetin 4′methyllether(7)by spectroscopic methods. The compound(4)and compound(5)were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Xylanase strain screening and restriction sites analysis

2015/12/16 11:38:04
Taking the xylan of sugar cane residue as raw material，the authors screened hydrolysis of xylan bacterial strain through the only carbonous and selective medium，then optimized the conditions and estimated restriction enzyme cutting site on what had been selected. The results suggested that the optimum reaction conditions were under 60 ℃，pH=6.0 and reaction time 30 min but xylan couldn’t be degraded completely by strains under this condition，it approved that the strains contained single enzyme of xylanase. Xylanase activity could reach 6.494 U/mL；on the basis of restriction analysis of amylase，the restriction sites opened at the 16-18 glucoses as the smallest unit. The discovered oligosaccharides might open a new field for application of xylan and starch in the future.

Chemical components of flavonoids from the gum of Cerasus conradin

2015/12/16 11:38:04
Four flavonoids with different structure types，genistein ，akuranetin ，neosakuranin，and prunetinoside ，were isolated from the gum of Cerasus conradin. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. Those compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Determination of carbohydrates in seed gum of Crotalaria mucronata by HPLC

2015/12/16 11:37:44
A new approach by which the free monosaccharides of galactomannan were separated directly and determined by means of high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)of external standard method on a SUGAR SPG 0810 colunm with a differentail refractmeter detector and a mobile phase of pure water. The separation time for xylose(xyl)，glucose(glc)，galactose(gal)and mannose(man)was within 20 min；and the detection limits were 2.0 μg，20 μg，1.0 μg and 20 μg，respectively，while the linear dynamics varied within the range of 2～10 mg/mL. The method is rapid，simple and reproducible and can be used to the determinations of the monosaccharides in seed gum galactomannans of Crotalaria mucronata. Moreover，the recovery experiment was also conducted. The results showed that the relative standard deviations(RSD)of sixtime determinations to Gal and Man were 1.53% and 1.50% and the recoveries were 95.83% and 103.68%，respectively.

Analysis of the composition of petroleum extraction from stem and leaf of Tetraena mongolica

HU JiaXu， LIU Qiang* — 2015/12/16 11:37:44
The composition of petroleum extraction of the stem and leaf of T.mongolic was identified by GCMS. 40 compounds were identified. They include alkane(8 kinds)，Carboxylic acid(11 kinds)，Ester(9 kinds)，Terpene(2 kinds)，Steroid(2 kinds)，Alcohol(4 kinds)，which accounted for 80.5% of the total sample. The highest relatively content was Oleic Acid(15.33%)，the second was βSitosterol with the content of 9.12% and the third was 9，12Octadecadienoic acid，ethyl ester with the content of 7.24%.βsitosterol may be main insect resistance compound of Tetraena which have insect resistance.

Preparation of five phenylethanoid glycoside components by semipreparative HPLC

2015/12/16 11:37:28
A method was established for the isolation and preparation of five phenylethanoid glycoside components from Chirita eburnea using MCI column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC. A semipreparative Eclipse XDBC18 (9.4 mm×250 mm,5 μm) was used in the preparation process. By gradient elution with methanolwater as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 4 mL/min,five phenylethanoid glycoside components were obtained from Chirita eburnea,and on the basis of spectral data (EI-MS,1H-NMR,13C-NMR),these compounds were identified as plantainoside(1),chiritoside C(2),plantaninoside B(3),plantamajoside(4) and desrhamnosylverbascoside(5),and the purities of these five phenylethanoid glycoside components analyzed by HPLC were all beyond of 98%. The method is efficient,simple with high purification and got 5 components for one time.

Insecticidal activity of essential oil from Zanthoxylum armatum fructification against two mosquito species

2015/12/16 11:37:28
Essential oil,extracted by steam distillation from Zanthoxylum armatum fructification,were tested for their insecticidal activity to the larvae and pupae of Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions by means of steeping,and its fumigant activity to the adults of two mosquito species were evaluated by means of sealing conical flask. The volatile components of this oil were also analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. Results are given as follows:(1)The 24 h LC50 values of Z.armatum essential oil for I,II,III,IV instar larvae and pupae of Ae.albopictus/Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus were 25.634/61.472,31.763/76.431,52.356/110172,258.497/121.884 and 198.263/162.048 mg•L-1,respectively;(2)The LC50 values for adults of Ae.albopictus and Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus were 24.957 and 29.517 μg•cm-3,respectively;(3)At the dosage of 14752 μg•cm-3,the death rate of adults of Ae.albopictus and Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus both were 100%,and the KT50 values for adults of two mosquito species were 3.493 min and 2.993 min,respectively;(4)Eighteen chemical constituents were identified,including 10 kinds of terpenoids compounds which were the main components and accounted for 67.122% of total. This essential oil had a high and rapid poison activity on Ae.albopictus and Cx.pipiens quinquefasciatus,which had potential to develop natural insecticides against mosquitoes.

Effects on reduction of weight increasing rate in rats feeding with highfat and sucrose diet

2015/12/16 11:37:28
To investigate the effects of different doses LArabinose(LA) on reduction of weight increasing rate of rats,100 SPF Kunming rats were fed under high fat and sucrose diets with diffirent doses of LArabinose for 1 month. The rats were divided into five groups,A(high LA),B(mid LA),C(low LA),D(no LA) and E（control group）,which initial weight was not significantly different among the groups. The weights were recorded every several days. Results reveal that LArabinose has a dosedependent with weight increasing rate of mice,lowdose(0.5 g/kg) can make a difference,but only add the amount up to a certain concentration (1.0 g/kg),its inhibitory growth rate of body weight of mice have a significant effect(P＜0.05). Conclusion:LArabinose can effectively reduce rates of weight gain in obesity rats.

Effect of different chemical compositions from mulberry leaf on decreasing glucose in blood

2015/12/16 11:37:28
Mulberry leaf is one kind of important medicinal plant resources for decreasing glucose in blood. Based on the six medical chemical compositions of mulberry leaf,the thesis studied their effect on lowering glucose in blood by testing on the Alloxan induction diabetes mice. The study showed that all these medical chemical compositions had the function of reducing glucose in blood,among which,mulberry leaf total polysaccharide was listed top1,and the following was the mulberry leaf alkaloid and Mulberry leaf flavanone glucoside class.

Formation of monoclonal antibody against a major natural product curcumol

CHEN Xu1，2， ZHONG HaiYan1*， Wang Juan2， ZENG JianHong1，2 — 2015/12/16 11:39:05
To get monoclonal antibody(mAb)against crude drug curcumol，curcumol carrier protein conjugates were synthesized by the method that curcumol was conjugated with BSA. The ratio of hapten and bovine serum albumin in an antigen conjugate was determined by matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry〖JP3〗（MALDITOFMS）. A hybridoma secreting monoclonal antibody against curcumol was produced by hybridoma technology，then preparation and purification of curcumol mAb use mice hybridoma ascitic fluid. Results showed that the ratio of hapten and bovine serum album was 19.6，the ELISA titers in the ascite fluids of the curcumol mAb were 1∶51 200，ELISA analysis also proved that the curcumol mAbs reacted specifically with curcuoml antigen，polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis((SDSPAGE)assay showed that the curcumol heavy chain was 5.0×104 and the light chain was 2.5×104. Conclusion the specific anticurcumol mAbs were prepared，which would lay a theoretical foundation for detection and qulity control and immunoassay of curcuma kwangsiensis in Guangxi producing areas by Immunoassay.

Study on NaN3 chemical induction for Oncidium in in vitro culture and RAPD screening

2015/12/16 11:39:05
Three kinds of concentrations of NaN3 were used as mutagens for chemical induction with thin cell layers(TCLs)of Oncidium protocormlike bodies(PLBs)in different time. The effects of different concentration and time treatments on the growth of TCLs，PLBs and plantlets which regenerated from the TCLs were investigated. Meanwhile，the DNA of the plantlets were tested by RAPD reaction. The results showed that mutagen NaN3 had great effects on TCLs growth. Some TCLs got browning and died，the PLBs grew slowly and the number of regenerated plantlets were reduced. There were obvious injured effects on the explants，PLBs and plantlets regenerated from the TCLs. The injured effects got more and more serious with higher concentration of mutagen and longer time treatment. The mutagen NaN3 inhibited plantlets growing. RAPD reaction indicated that the molecule maps had some polymorphisms which mean the sequence of DNA had changed. The ratio of polymorphisms got higher with higher concentration of mutagen and longer time treatment. The concentrations of 6 mmol/L NaN3 treatment for 2-4 days are suitable dosage for Oncdium chemical induction in vitro.

Inhibition effects of novel daidzein sulfonate on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells

PENG You1，2，3， ZHAO WenHong2， DENG ZeYuan2， YE ZhiGang1 — 2015/12/16 11:39:05
To find compounds that have a strong inhibitory effect to the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells，inhibition effects of novel daidzein sulfonate on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells were investigated in vitro with MMT method. The result showed that its inhibiting rate on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells was 64.62% in the 106 mol/L of the novel daidzein sulfonate(P＜0.05)，and it increased by about 100fold compared with the inhibiting rate of lead compound daidzein. The construction effect relations studies indicated，its spatial structure and charge distribution were changed，its polarizability increased from 26.51 to 54.12，and these factors were more beneficial to the arrival at the target through the cell membrane and action more precisely with the target that led its pharmacological action to enhance greatly after its beautification of benzene sulfonate.

Chemical constituents and antiphlogistic activity of the bark of Streblus asper

2015/12/16 11:39:05
The antiphlogistic part of the barks of Streblus asper was investigated through pharmacological experiments. Through the use of chromatographic technology，seven compounds were isolated from the antiphlogistic part of，and their structures were identified by spectroscopic analyses，especially NMR.They are：succinic acid(1)，6ethyl5hydroxy2，7dimethoxy1，4naphthoquinone(2)，3β，20dihydroxy5βpregnanes(3)，5oxymalto1(4)，bis(5formylfurfuryl)ether(5)，5hydroxymethyl furoic acid(6)and βdaucosterol(7). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time except for βdaucosterol.

Chemical constituents of the essential oil from roots，stems and leaves of Cryptotaenia japonica

LI Juan1， JIANG XiaoHua1， XIE YunChang1*， NING DeSheng1， LIU AnTao2 — 2015/12/16 11:39:05
The chemical constituents of the essential oil which were extracted from roots，stems and leaves of Cryptotaenia japoniawere by steam distillation were analyzed by GCMS. The relative contents of these constituents were calculated using square peaks to normalization. 11 peaks were separated from root，and 11 constituents were identified，accounting for about 9861% of the total essential oil. The main constituents were αselinene and γselinene；in the stem， 25 peaks were separated and 25 constituents were identified，composed about 100% of the total essential oil. The main constituents were αselinene，βselinene，βmyrcene，βpinene，terpinene，etc；in the leaf，18 peaks were separated and 18 constituents were identified，composed about 100% of the total essential oil. The main constituents were βselinene，αselinene，βcaryophyllene(15.09%)，etc. There were mainly sesquiterpenes in the essential oil from root and leaf，but monoterpenes were seldom found. While there were mainly monoterpenes in the stem，composed about 50% of the total essential oil. The constituents and contents of essential oil of root，stem and leaf had some differences， and this study would provide some scientific basis for comprehensive exploitation.

Study of anthraquinone component from rhizoma of Rubia cordifolia by preparative chromatogram of medium and low press

LIN ShunQuan， GAO JunFei， WU Li， YUAN Xiao* — 2015/12/16 11:39:05
A new technique of middle and low pressure preparative chromatogram was established，and the anthraquinone monomer from rhizoma of Rubia cordifolia were separated and purified. Purity of the compounds was analyzed by HPLC，and the structures of the compounds were confirmed by MS.1 1HNMR and 13CNMR.IR.The result showed that monocases were successfully obtained from ethanolic extract of Rubia cordifolia，with purities of 99.87%；99.56%；99.42 %；.98.21%. Mollugin was separated from petroleum ether extract；1，3，6trihydroxy2methyl anthraquinone was separated from chloroform extract；1，3，6trihydroxy2methyl anthraquinone3O(3′6′Oacety1)αrhamnose(1→2)βD glucoside and l，3，6trihydroxy2methyl anthraquinone3O neohesperidoside were separated from acetic ether extract.

The antibacterial study on extracts from deoiled leaves of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum against three of the pathogenic bacteria

2015/12/16 11:38:51
The antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts from the deoiled leaves of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum and system solvent extraction by petroleum，ethyl acetate and Nbutanol against the Escherichiu coli，Staphylococcus aureus，Salmonella. Minimum inhibition concentration(MIC)，minimal bacteriocidal concentration（MBC）and timekill curves of extracts were studied. And the activities against the three strains of bacterial were compared. The resultrs showed that，for E.coli，the Nbutanol extracts（MIC，MBC：7.813，15.625 mg/mL）＞ethyl acetate extracts（MIC，MBC:15.625，31.125）＞the ethanol extracts and water extracts（MIC，MBC:31.25，62.5）＞petroleum extracts（MIC and MBC＞500）. For S.aureus，petroleum extracts and ethyl acetate extracts（MIC，MBC：7.813，15625）＞Nbutanol extracts（MIC，MBC:15.625，31.125）＞ethanol extracts and water extracts（MIC，MBC:31.25，62.5）. For Salmonella，ethyl acetate extracts（MIC，MBC:3.9063，7.813）＞Nbutanol extracts（MIC，MBC:15.625，31.125）＞water extracts（MIC，MBC:31.25，62.5）＞petroleum extracts（MIC，MBC:31.25，125）. C.longepaniculatum had some antibacterial active compounds and the main active constituents existed in ethyl acetate extracts and Nbutanol extracts. The extracts of deoiled leaves of C.longepaniculatum displayed concentrationdependent relationship with all the three pathogenic bacteria.

Analysis of vitamin B6 vitamers in tobacco plants by high performance liquid chromatography

ZENG HaiBin1， ZHANG JianYun2， HUANG LongQuan1* — 2015/12/16 11:38:51
Vitamin B6(VB6)is the general term for a kind of chemical compounds .VB6 exists in several forms，and has been linked to stress responses in plants. Until now no reports about the distribution of B6 vitamers in tobacco plants have been observed. In our experiment，the determination of VB6 vitamers in tobacco plants was described by using HPLC with fluorescence detector. The results indicated that，the contents of VB6 in leaves，tender stem and roots were 2.9，1.7 and 3.0 μg/g fresh weight，respectively. Leaves of tobacco plants grown on MS basal media exhibited a high content of 3.9 μg/g fresh weight. The constituent ratio of B6 vitamers were as follows: pyridoxamine 5′phosphate(PMP) 7%，pyridoxamine(PM) 14%，pyridoxal 5′phosphate(PLP) 19%，pyridoxal(PL) 29% and pyridoxine(PN) 30%. During the determination period of three weeks，the contents of PLP and PL decreased，and that of PN increased. The amount of VB6 was relatively constant. Our results would be favorable for further study on the metabolic mechanism and special physiological mechanism in tobacco plants.

Chemical constituents of endophyte Talaromyces sp.T1BF from Taxus yunnanensis

2015/12/16 11:38:51
Four compounds were isolated from PDA plate cultures of Talaromyces sp. T1BF，an endophyte from Taxus yunnanensis by chromatography techniques. They were identified as 5α，6αepoxy24(R)methylcholesta7，22dien3βol(1)，skyrin(2)，orsellinic acid(3)and mcresol(4)on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses and comparison with literature values. Compound 1 was obtained from the genus of Talaromyces for the first time.

GCMS analysis of the volatile oil from Siraitia grosvenorii

LIU JinLei， CHEN YueYuan， LU FengLai， CHEN SiCheng， LI DianPeng* — 2015/12/16 11:38:51
The constituents of volatile oil from the tubers of Siraitia grosvenorii were analyzed by GCMS. About 42 components were separated and 26 compounds were identified，accounting for 83.69% of the total contents. The major components are:2Butenoic acid，butyl ester（30.76%），2，4Diacetoxypentane（11.05%），2Heptanol（10.58%），Acetic acid，butyl ester（4.93%）、1Hexanol(3.81%)，2butanol acetate（3.05%）.

Chemical constituents and antioxidant activity of essential oils from Rourea microphylla in Guangxi

2015/12/16 11:38:51
The constituents of the essential oils of Rourea microphylla from Guangxi were separated and identified by GCMS. The scavenging activities on DPPH• radical，ABTS•+radical and reducing power were detected by UVVis spectrophotometry. 221 compounds were isolated and 64 compounds were identified that composed about 9572% of the total essential oils. The principal chemical constituents of the essential oils were dlMenthone(5343%)，(E)Menthone(1420%)，2isopropyl5methyl3Cyclohexen1one(987%)，βTerpinene(816%)，βPinene(154%)，αPinene(118%)，et al. These oils possessed good scavenging activities on both DPPH• and ABTS•+ radical，the scavenging rate reaching to 6225% and 6811%，respectively，but showed low activities on reducing power. All antioxidant activity showed a concentrationeffect relationship.

Chemical constituents from the flowers of Camellia chrysantha

PENG Xiao， YU DaYong， FENG BaoMin， TANG Ling， WANG YongQi，SHI LiYing* — 2015/12/16 11:38:35
The compounds were isolated from the flowers of Camellia chrysantha by chromatography on silica gel column，Sephadex LH20 column，ODS column and recrystallization，the structures were determined on the basis of physicochemical evidence and ectroscopic analysis. Thirteen compounds were obtained and identified as quercetin，quercetin7OβDglucopyranoside(2)，quercetin3OβDglucopyranoside(3)，rutin(4)，vitexin(5)，kaempferol(6)，kaempferol3OβDglucopyranoside(7)，lupeol(8)，oleanolic acid〖STHZ〗(9)〖STBZ〗，daucosterol〖STHZ〗(10)〖STBZ〗，βsitosterol〖STHZ〗(11)〖STBZ〗，protocatechuicacid〖STHZ〗(12)〖STBZ〗and vanillin〖STHZ〗(13)〖STBZ〗. Thirteen compounds，except〖STHZ〗(1),(6)and(9)〖STBZ〗were obtained from the title plant for the first time.

Analysis of volatile compounds from Prunus mume flowers

2015/12/16 11:38:35
The floral volatiles emitted at five stages of flower development，different time during 24 h periods and isolated flower parts of Prunus mume cv.Sanlun Yudie flower were investigated using headspace solidphase microextraction(HSSPME) and gas chromatographymass spectrometry(GCMS). Thirtythree volatile compounds were identified. Dominant compound classes were benzenoids/phenylpropanoids from shikimic acid pathway，but fatty acid derivates and isoprenoids were also present. Different organs，different stages and 24 h periods from Prunus mume flower had overall different volatile profiles，including the amount，content and frequency of compounds. Three emission trends of numbers from these volatiles compounds were observed at the five blossom stages. Emission of benzenoids/phenylpropanoids was lowhighlow，while that of fatty acid derivates showed a lowhigh pattern. Numbers of isoprenoids showed a highlow trend. There were three emission rhythms from volatile compounds during 24 h periods，the most contents from benzenoids/phenylpropanoids，fatty acid derivates and isoprenoids was found at 2：00，14：00 and 6：00 respectively. There were distinct different volatile compounds among excising floral parts.

Comparative study on FTIR fingerprint of wild Premna fulva based on principal component analysis and cluster analysis

2015/12/16 11:38:35
In order to identify and indepth excavate the differences of chemical compositions in Premna fulva from different regions，inrared spectra of multiregion sampled individuals were detected using the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. After that，chemometrics methods including principal component analysis，clustering analysis and principal component loading factors were utilitied to pretreat original spectra data. The results showed that:(1)in 3 dimensional scatter maps，among the different samples，the distance between Pingguo and Fusui of Guangxi was nearest，so the natural consequence，the distances of the samples from these two places were nearest，while the real distance from Tiane to Fusui and Tianyang was further in Guangxi，the distances of the samples among these three places were also further in 3 dimensional scatter maps. In addition，geographical position of Yunnan and Guizhou were far from Guangxi，the results showed that scatter plot chart on distance were also deviated from Guangxi all around. (2)The principal component analysis model results was verified by clustering analysis and had similar consequences，while，as far as the two methods were concerned，they had individual characteristic，compared with the method of principal component analysis，clustering analysis chart could be accurately classified the research objects on each distance level，but it was difficult to directly reflect the interrelationship among research objects. (3)Through extracting the loading factor based on principal component analysis，the result indicated that the differences of quality of P.fulva among different regions mainly represented in the different contents of chemical components including naringenin，vanillic acid，syrinaresiol，polysaccharide and glycosides.

Effects of Ricinus communis Root Extract on proliferation and Apoptosis of HepG2， NCIH460 and SGC7901 cell

TANG ZuNian， WEI JingChen — 2015/12/16 11:38:35
Effects of Ricinus communis root extracts on proliferation and apoptosis in human hepatoma cell lines HepG2，lung cancer cell lines NCIH460 and gastric cancer cell lines SGC7901 were investigated. Cell proliferation rate of different root extracts on HepG2 cells，NCIH460 cells and SGC7901 cells was determined by MTT assay. The apoptosis of HepG2 cells was observed by fluorescent dye staining with Hoechst 33258. HepG2 cell cycle was measured by flow cytometry. The results showed that petroleum ether extract of R.communis root had a strong inhibitory effect on proliferation of HepG2 cells，NCIH460 cells and SGC7901 cells，the IC50 respectively were 88.6，134.3 and 138.1 g/mL in 48h，the IC50 were respectively 65.6，133.3 and 136.6 μg/mL in 72h. Ethyl acetate extract also had a moderate inhibitory effect on proliferation of HepG2 cells，NCIH460 cells and SGC7901 cells in 72 h，the IC50 respectively were 90.2，138.5 and 188.2 μg/mL. Chloroform extract had mild intensity to the proliferation of NCIH460 cells and SGC7901 cells in the 72 h，but chloroform extract had no inhibition to HepG2 cell proliferation. The Hoechst 33258 fluorescence dyeing demonstrated that petroleum ether extract(60 μg/mL) could make the HepG2 cell appears apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis showed that petroleum ether extract (60 μg/mL) could arrest HepG2 cells in S phase(compared with control group，P＜0.05).

Determination of vitexin in Vitex negundo var.cannabifolia by HPLC

LUO Ya-Jun, BIAN Qing-Quan, CHEN Jia, JIANG Yun-Fu, CHEN Ju — 2016/1/15 3:04:59
A method was established for determining contents of vitexin in Vitex negundo var.cannabifolia(Sieb.et Zucc.)by HPLC in order to evaluate this resource. Vitexin was obtained by ultrasonic extraction,separated on Filo door column(5 μm,250 mm×4.6 mm)with a mixture of methanol- water(volume ratio 4:6)as mobile phase at flow rate 1.0 mL·min^-1. The UV detective wavelength was 340 nm,injection volume was 5 μL,and the column temperature was set at 30 ℃. Vitexin content showed a good linear relationship within 0.04520-0.4068 μg.(r=0.9998)and the average recovery was 100.4%,RSD was 1.63%. This method is simple,accurate and can be used for quality control of Vitex negundo var.cannabifolia.

GC-MS analysis on aroma components in four Dendrobium cultivars

2016/1/15 3:04:59
The aroma components of four Dendrobium cultivars(Dendrobium Nora Tokunaga,Dendrobium Green Lantern,Dendrobium Spider Lily and Dendrobium Little Green Apples)were analyzed by GC/MS technology. The results showed that there were differences in both aroma components and relative contents among the four Dendrobium cultivars. There were 15 aroma components in Dendrobium Nora Tokunaga,and the relative content was 79.62%. 31 aroma components in Dendrobium Green Lantern and the relative content was 94.97%. 88 aroma components in Dendrobium Spider Lily and the relative content was 87.45%. 79 aroma components in Dendrobium Little Green Apples and the relative content was 89.49%. Alkyl,alcohol and aldehyde were the major compounds,and their relative contents were 63.33%,81.64%,70.47% and 66.31% in the four cultivars respectively. Hexanal,2-hexenal and butylated hydroxytoluene were the major aroma components of the four Dendrobium cultivars,and caryophyllene was the major aroma components of Dendrobium Green Lantern and Dendrobium Spider Lily. The apple odor of Dendrobium Little Green Apples was originated from ethyl acetate probably.

Effects of steam explosion and micro protease treatments on structure of sisal fiber

2016/1/15 3:04:43
In this study,sisal fiber was treated with steam explosion and enzymolysis,and the effect of these two methods on chemical composition,diameter,moisture regain,moisture content,alkali resistance,thermal stability and tensile strength of sisal fiber was tested. Micro-surface structure,the change of functional group of the two kinds of sisal fiber treated were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Infrared spectroscopy(IR),Differential Scanning Calorimetry(DSC)and Thermal Gravimetric analysis(TG). The results showed that the steam explosion impacted greatly on the sisal fibers about the semi-cellulose component,but there were not new absorption peak in Infrared Spectra. Enzymolysis reduce the content of lignin contrapuntally and increase the content of cellulose in sisal. There was significant etch on the surface of sisal fiber. It was better for the cohesiveness with materials. The thermal stability of sisal fiber was improved,treated by the two methods.

Chemical constituents from Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoide

2016/1/15 3:04:43
The chemical constituents of Lepidogrammitis drymoglossoides were studied by the method of chromatography and spectral analysis. Six compounds were isolated and identified as physcion(I),diplopterol(II),aurantiamide acetate(III),n-hexadecanoic acid(IV),atraric acid(V)and β-sitosterol(VI). All compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Study on the chemical constituent of volatile oil from the leaves of Mangifera persiciformis

2016/1/15 3:04:43
Volatile oil,extracted from the leaves of Mangifera persiciformis by steam distillation,was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)for the first time. The relative contents in the volatile oil were determined by peak area normalization.38 components were identified,which accounted for 94.52% of the volatile oil of the leaves. The major compositions were Germacrene D(18.33%),Ledol(9.46%),Caryophyllene(9.04%),δ-Cadinene(5.73%),1(R)-α-Pinene(5.32%),β-Elemene(4.90%),α-Gurjunene(4.26%),Phenol,2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-methyl-(3.78%),allo-aromadendrene(3.45%),δ-Elemene(3.41%),Selina-3,7(11)-diene(3.27%),Spathulenol(3.20%),and many of the components had biological activity. This study will provide theoretic basis for the multiple utilization and developments of the leaves of M.persiciformis.

Comparison of total flavonoids content in 14 species of Camellia sect.Chrysantha

2016/1/15 3:04:43
There are rich flavonoids in leaves of Camellia sect.Chrysantha. The total flavonoids content in leaves of 14 species of Camellia sect.Chrysantha were extracted using 70% ethanol as extracting solvent by ultrasonic wave and were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry in this study,with rutin as a standard sample at 273nm. The content differences among species were analyzed. The results showed that the total flavonoids content in new leaves of C.pingguoensis(22.011%)was highest and the lowest was the one-year-old leaves of C.tunghinensis(1.518%). There were significant differences of the total flavonoids in different leaf ages of the same species. The total flavonoids content in new leaves is higher than that in one-year-old or two-year-old leaves. C.pingguoensis and C.limonia had the potential value of research and exploit with higher total flavonoids content.

Bioassay on insecticidal activity of extracts from Jatropha curcas seedcase

2016/1/15 3:04:19
Crude extracts from seedcase of Jatropha curcas were obtained using water,ethanol,butanol,ethyl acetate,chloroform and petroleum ether by cold extracting method,and toxicity of each crude extract against Acyrthosiphon pisum and Pieris rapae was studied. Then the strongest of them was chosen to measure using 4 age of P.rapae by leaf dipping method and pest dropping application. The results showed that in the test of the six crude extracts against A.pisum and P.rapae,the toxicity of chloroform and ethanol crude extracts were obviously higher than that of the others. They had no obvious difference comparing to 70% imidacloprid when the toxicity effect A.pisum. It's found that the seedcase of Jatropha curcas contained rich insecticidal activity substance,they were extracted by chloroform and ethanol with cold extracting method. Furthermore,the main effect of ethanol extract was antifeedant on Pieris rapaeand the effect of chloroform extract was not only antifeedant but also contact action. It was a good future to develop botanical pesticides for seedcase of Jatropha curcas.

Study on the antioxidant activity of extracts from the leaves of Alchornea trewioides

2016/1/15 3:04:19
Antioxidant activity of different solvents extracts fractions fractionated from 60% EtOH extracts of the leaves of Alchornea trewioides were evaluated by DPPH assay,FRAP assay,ABTS assay and scavenging the corresponding hydroxyl radical method. When compared with the positive control samples BHA,VC and Trolox,the determination results showed that antioxidant activity of EtOAc extracts fractions of the leaves of A.trewioides was the highest,its antioxidant activity was higher than VC and Trolox. Antioxidant activity of 60% ethanol extracts fractions was as much as BHA,but lower than VC and Trolox.

Essential oils from the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora

2016/1/15 3:04:19
In this paper,the phytochemical components of the essential oils from young leaves,older leaves and dead leaves of Cinnamomum camphora were examined,which resulted in the identification of 31 compounds representing 95% of the essential oils. Linalool(68.51%),the main components identified in the oil of young leaves were Copaene(28.55%),Caryophyllene(25.81%)and alpha-Caryophyllen(12.69%); the dominant component in the essential oil of older leaves was Linalool(78.30%).Caryophyllene(38.64%),Linalool(19.36%),L-camphor(18.69%)and alpha-Pinene(17.66%)were the major components in the essential oil of the dead flowers. The antioxidant potency of three essential oil from C.camphora were investigated by employing two established in vitro systems,such as ABTS⁺ and Lipid Peroxides(LPO). All the three essential oils significantly showed ability of trapping free radicals,and thereby inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The orders of scavenging activity of different essential oils were,free radicals:older leaves>dead leaves>young leaves; lipid peroxidation:dead leaves>older leaves>young leaves.

Analysis of sugars in cassava phloem sap by HPLC-ELSD detection

2016/1/15 2:42:12
High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)coupled with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection(ELSD)method was used to analyse the sugar contents in cassava phloem sap. The results showed that the main sugar was sucrose which was similar to other woody plants,no other sugar alcohols and raffinose family of oligosaccharides were found. W14 was an ancestral semi-wild species of cassava with low productivity and starch content,which was used as a control in this research. It was found that both of the sucrose and hexoses of W14 were less than the cultivar largely,which indicated that sucrose was the main source of starch accumulation of cassava tuber root,and it determined the rate and quantity of starch accumulation. Meanwhile,and it proved that this method could determine the nature and quantity of sugars in cassava phloem sap efficiently,rapidly and conveniently.

Determination of total flavonoids,total phenols and antioxidant activity in aqueous extract of seven Callicarpa species

2016/1/15 2:42:12
The content of total flavonoids,total phenols and antioxidant activity in aqueous extract of 7 Callicarpa species were detected with uv-visible spectrophotometric. The results showed that flavonoid and phenol contents of these Callicarpa species were significantly different and Callicarpa rubella possessed the highest contents,3.75% and 2.93%,respectively. Moreover,the results of correlation analysis indicated that there was a positive correlation between the antioxidant capacity and the content of total flavonoids and total phenols,and Callicarpa rubella also showed strongest scavenging DPPH· radical activity. This research could provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Callicarpa resources.

Research on the chemical constituents of the fruit peels of Camellia semiserrata

ZHANG Wei-Wei, YU Da-Yong, SHI Li-Ying, TANG Ling, FENG Bao-Min, WANG Yong-Qi — 2016/1/15 2:22:26
The compounds were isolated from the peels of Camellia semiserrataby chromatography on silica gel column,Sephadex LH-20 column,ODS column and recrystallization,and the structures were determined on the basis of physicochemical evidence and ectroscopic analysis. Ten compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin(1),kaempferol(2),protocatechuicacid(3),kaempferol-3-O-〖(2'''',3'''',4''''-triacetyl)-α-L-rhamnopy-ranosyl(1→3)(2''',4'''-diacetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside〗(4),kaempferol-3-O-〖(3''''-acetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→3)(4'''-acetyl)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside〗(5),3'-O-methylellagic acid(6),ellagic acid(7),lupeol(8),β-sitosterol(9),daucosterol(10). Compounds 2,6 and 7 were all isolated from C.semiserrata for the first time. Compounds 6 and 7 were isolated from Camellia species for the first time.

Analysis of volatile constituents of different years old of E.grandis&#215;E.urophylla leaf by GC-MS

2016/1/15 2:22:26
In order to analyze chemical composition of volatile leaf oil of E.grandis&#215;E.urophylla with different years old in 2006-2010 and explore the influence of growth years. Steam distillation was used to obtain the essential oil and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The essential oils in yields varied from 0.55% to 1.35%,with the growth years longer, the oil yeild of E.grandis&#215;E.urophylla increased. 63 compounds were identified by GC-MS,representing 93.00% to 97.07% of the total oil composition. The main components were 1,8-cineole(55.72%-63.47%),followed by α-terpineol(9.78%-14.15%),α-Terpinyl acetate(4.96%-7.06%),α-pinene(0.99%-4.31%)and Fenchol(2.40%-4.89%). The composition and relative contents of volatile components varied a lot in different years.

Analysis and comparison the nutrient compositions of fresh and dry tissue culture seedling Luohanguo

2016/1/15 2:22:26
The nutrient compositions extracted from fresh and dry tissue culture seedling Luohanguo were analyzed and compared,and the content of protein,fat,total sugar,carbohydrates,ash,mineral elements,vitamin E and amino acid were determined. The results showed that the content of protein in fresh and dry tissue culture seedling Luohanguo were 22.23% and 19.8%,the contents of total amino acids are 12.51% and 8.36%,in which,human body essential amino acids were 38.13% and 36.36%,the content of mineral elements were 1 081 mg/100g and 1 089 mg/100g,the content of vitamin E were 0.183 mg/100g and 0.589 mg/100g. The contents of protein and amino acid in fresh Luohanguo were higher than dry Luohanguo with 2.43% and 4.15%,the content of carbohydrate and vitamin E in dry Luohanguo were a slightly higher than fresh Luohanguo with 2.44%,0.406 mg/100g. There was no significant difference in contents of mineral elements,crude fat,total sugar and ash between the two Luohanguo.

Purification and characterization of pyridoxal-5'- phosphate hydrolase from tobacco

2016/1/15 2:22:26
Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate hydrolase was purified from tobacco by ammonium sulfate,DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange chromatography,Sephadex G-100 gel filtration,SP Sephadex C-25 ion exchange chromatography. Further investigations of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate hydrolase,reported herein,lead to the conclusion that this enzyme was purified approximately 119.6-fold,the recovery of 28.49% activity,Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and SDS-PAGE showed that the molecular weight of the enzyme was 49.6 kDa,and the molecular weight of subunit was approximately 25 kDa; The enzyme had an optimal temperature and pH at 50°C and 5.5,respectively. It was enhanced by Mg²⁺,Ca²⁺ and Mn²⁺,yet inhibited by chelating agent EDTA,which inhibited effect was relieved after added Mg²⁺; under optimal conditions,the K_m values for pyridoxal-5'-phosphate(PLP)and pyridoxamine-5'-phos-phate(PMP)were 0.23 mmol/L,0.56 mmol/L,respectively.

Study on chemical constituents of Abies yuanbaoshanensis

HE RuiJie1，2， FANG Hong1，2， WU YingRui1，2* — 2015/12/16 11:40:12
The chemical constituents of Abies yuanbaoshanensis were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods. Five compounds，3αmethoxy9βlanosta7，24dien26，23Rolide， βsitosterol，5，4’dihydroxy3，7dimethoxy6C methylflavone，3oxolanost9(11)ene24S，25diol，stigmast4ene6βol3one were obtained. All these compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Composition and diurnal variation analysis of volatile organic compounds in Gardenia jasminoides form.grandiflora

2015/12/16 11:40:12
The constituents and the variation during daytime (early in the moring，at noon，in the evening) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Gardenia jasminoides form.grandiflora were studied. The VOCs were identified with the thermal desorption system gas chromatography/mass spectrometer technique TDS GC/MS. 62 VOCs were identified and mainly as terpenoids，esters，alcohols. The results showed that diurnal variation of VOCs were significant. Eg: relative content (in the moring，at noon，in the evening) of βPinene were 1.93%，1.69% and 8.81% respectively. That of cisβOcimene were 28.22%，4.35% and 16.47% respectively. 3Carene (3.45%) and Isoeugenol (021%) could be found barely in the moring. Myrcene (0.38%) and pCymene (2.46%) could be seen only in the evening. Content of Linalool and Farnesene was higher in early and middle of daytime but the two were not be found in the evening. The research might offer theory basis for landscape application and overall utilization of Gardenia jasminoides form.grandiflora by analysis of VOCs and diurnal variation.

Analysis of methionine contents in seeds of 119 plants

2015/12/16 11:40:12
Low content of the sulfur amino acid especially methionine is responsible for the relatively poor nutritional quality of legume protein. The methionine content in seeds of 119 subtropical plants in our country was determined by acid hydrolysis method. The results showed that more than 93% plants had low methionine contents. However，the methionine content of Hydrangea macrophylla，Ilex ficoidea，Litsea cubeba var.formosana，Catalpa ovata，Solanum nigrum，Koelreuteria paniculata，Phytolacca acinosa and Rhus chinensis was found to exceed 10.00 mg/g，and that of Rhus chinensis was the highest，which reached 36.89 mg/g. The species Rhus chinensis could serve as a new methioninerich protein gene resource.

Analysis of essential oil from 10 species of drugsof Alpinia officinarum by GC/MS

LIU Lei， QIN HuaZhen*， WANG XiaoQian， YU TengFei， LIU Ying — 2015/12/16 11:40:12
By analyzing the chemical composition of the essential oil of the Alpinia officinarum,the genetic relationship and the connection between the pungent and warm nature and the essential oil in them were studied. Extract essential oil components by steam distillation，then examined them by GCMS. Among the 10 types of naphtha，nine of them contained eudesmol. In addition，γcadinene，γterpinene，linalool，camphene〖JP3〗，pink element，4terpenols，4，7，10Cycloundecatriene，1，1，4，8tetramethyl，cis ，cis，ciswere the main components in them. There were certain associativities between the pungent and warm nature and the essential oil contained in the 10 species of drugs of A.officinarum.

Extraction of total quantity flavone from Solanum photeinocarpum and its antioxidation activity

XIAN JingChun， WU WeiJun — 2015/12/16 11:40:12
Extraction of total quantity flavone from Solanum photeinocarpum and its antioxidation activity were studied. The method of extracting total quantity of flavone and the effect of concentration of menstruum，temperature，time，ratio of material to liquid discussed. Meanwhile，the best conditions for extraction were chosen after complete rthogonal analysis. The best parametersare 40% ethanol as extractant，temperature on 80 ℃，extraction time by 1h，ratio of materialto liquid on 1∶16. In this case，the rate of extraction reached up to 4.39 mg/g. The extraction of S.photeinocarpum had the strong antioxidative effection on scavenging hydroxyl radical.

Volatile components of Polygonum hydropiper distributed in Guizhou Province

2015/12/16 11:39:58
Volatile components of Polygonum hydropiper distributed in Guizhou province was extracted by solidphase microextraction and steam distillation，identified by GCMS technique，in which their relative content was ascertained by area normalization method of each constituent. 48 compounds were found in the extracts by the method of solidphase microextraction ，compounds βCaryophyllene(27.02%)，Decanol(14.39%)and Dodecanal(12.96%)were the main components. Main compounds βBisabolene(19.00%)，Driminol(15.25%)and Dodecanal(14.41%)were observed in the 27 constituents in the extracts by means of steam distillation. The evident differernce of volatile components of P.hydropiper showed in the two different extraction methods and diversity in various districts compared with the data reported. The volatile components showed antimicrobial activities in vitro. These results provided evidences for using P.hydropiper.

Isolation and identification of chemical constituents from tomato

2015/12/16 11:39:58
Ripe tomatoes were smashed and enzymolyzed by pectinase in order to fully release the cell contents. The serum was subjected to D101 macroporous resin column chromatography to enrich the chemical constituents and the fractions were separated by repeated column chromatography. Six compounds were isolated and identified as rutin(1)，quercetin(2)，luteolin(3)，esculeoside A(4)，stigmasterol(5)，and ursolic acid(6). Compounds 1，2，3，5 and 6 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Main chemical compositions with volatility in peel essential oil and seed oil of Pittosporum pentandrum var.formosanum capsule

CHEN BingChao1，3， LIU HongXing2*， CUI YaFei2， ZHONG Xiao2 — 2015/12/16 11:39:58
The oil of capsule peel was obtained by steam distillation，and oil of capsule seeds by Soxhlet extraction from Pittosporum pentandrum var.formosanum. At first，the main chemical compositions and their relative contents were identified and determined in peel oil and methylesterificated seed oil sample by using GCMS and area normalization technology. 24 isolate peaks appeared in GCMS spectrogram of the capsule peel oil sample. 17 peaks，9470% in total peak area，had been identified. There were limonene(24.27%)；γelemene(8.30%)；βelemene(1713%)；αelemene(16.02%)；Longiborneol(15.52%)；αterpinol(2.17%)and αcaryophyllene(1.88%)mainly. 16 isolate peaks appeared in GCMS spectrogram of the methylesterificated seed oil sample. 12 peaks，96.69% in total peak area，had been identified. There were palmitoleic acid(34.83%)；elaidic acid(26.63%)；14methylpentadecanoic acid(17.08%)；octadeca alkyl acid(1.88%)and tetradecanoic acid(1.61%) mainly. These results showed that capsule peels contained largely volatile essential oil and capsule seeds oil contained various fattyacid.

Determination of the plumbagin content in the stems of Plumbago zeylanica during different months in Guilin

DU ZeXiang — 2015/12/16 11:39:58
The plumbagin content in stems of Plumbago zeylanica was determined during different months in Guilin，China，using RPHPLC，methanol and H2O (70∶30) as mobile phase and UV detection at 254 nm. Linear range over 0.00048-00240 mg·mL1 of plumbagin was obtained. Recovery rate was within 969%-1000%. The content in stems of P.zeylanica was the highest in October when the plant was the most thriving and biggest in size. It was therefore considered that October was the best time for collecting stems.

Effects of temperature on growth and total gypenosides accumulation in Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Gynostemma pentagynum

LIU ShiBiao， PENG XiaoLie*， LI XinYun， WANG KaiXiang — 2015/12/16 11:39:43
Temperature is one of the important environmental factors that affect the growth，development and accumulation of total gypenosides in Gynostemma pentaphyllum. Seedlings of G.pentaphyllum and G.pentagynum were grown in illumination incubators with temperatures of 10 ℃，15 ℃，20 ℃，25 ℃ and 30 ℃ respectively for 40 d. Then the morphological index and total gypenosides content were determined. The results showed that G.pentaphyllum had the highest values of leaf area，petiole length，stem length，sprouted leaves，biomass and total content of chlorophyll at the temperature of 25 ℃. The growth trend of G.pentagynum was similar to that of G.pentaphyllum. So 25 ℃ was suggested to be the optimum temperature for the growth of above two species. Both G.pentaphyllum and G.pentagynum had the highest content of total gypenosides at the temperature of 30 ℃. The yield of total gypenosides was composed of biomass and content of gypenosides. The temperature which was in favor of accelerating the yield of total gypenosides for G.pentaphyllum was 25-30 ℃，and that for G.pentagynum was 30 ℃.

Isolation and crystal ctructure of sulfur from Capparis spinosa fruits

LI HaiJun1，2， BAI HongJin1，2*， ZHANG JiWen3， WANG AnYin1，2 — 2015/12/16 11:39:43
The purpose of this paper studied single crystal structure of S8 isolated firstly from Capparis spinosa fruits. The S8 crystal structure was investigated by singlecrystal Xray crystallographic analysis crystallizes in the monoclinic system，M=256.48.space group Fddd. Unit cell parameters a=10.456(7)，b=12.908(9)，c=24.483(17)，V=3305(4)3，Z=16，F(000)=2048. The final R1=0.0915，wR2=0.1820.

Study on fermentation hypocrellin by Shiraia bambusicola in submerged cultures

XIANG XiaoYan， ZHANG ZhongXin， XIE Ling， ZHENG AiFang — 2015/12/16 11:39:43
Shiraia bambusicola from different regions were firstly assayed for their hypocrellin production，thus the high performance strains of Shiraia bambusicola were obtained. Then the culture media was optimized by onefactoratatime and three factors and three levels of orthogonal matrix methods. Subsequently，the optimized conditions were then assayed for their effects on accumulation of hypocrellin in the presence of different levels of Cr3+、Fe3+、Cu2+ and Ca2+. The results showed that the strains collected from Xiuning grew faster and produced relatively high amount of hypocrellin than those from other regions. The most suitable carbon sources and nitrogen sources were glucose and NaNO3；the growing medium consisting of glucose(2%)，NaNO3(0.2%)，KH2PO4(001%)，MgSO4(005%)with pH level at 7.5 yielded the maximum production rate of hypocrellin. This could be further increased following the addition of Cr3+、Fe3+、Cu2+ and Ca2+. Addition of Cr3+ and Fe3+ at the concentration of 0.005% both stimulated the hypocrellin production and the biosynthesis；Ca2+ of 0.05% was most suitable for the hypocrellin production；addition of Cu2+ of 0.03%，the hypocrellin production rate reached the maximum level.

Studies on the chemical constituents of Kalimeris indica （Ⅱ）

2015/12/16 11:39:43
The chemical constituents were extracted from Kalimeris indica by cold percolation extraction .Compounds were isolated and purified with silica gel and Sephadex LH20 column chromatography，the structures were determined on the basis of physicochemical evidence and ectroscopic analysis. Twelve compounds were separated and purified from water insoluble parts of 80% alcohol extracts of K.indica. They were identified as nHexadecanioc acid（1）、6Hydroxyeudesm4(14)ene（2）、βSitosterol（3）、αSpinasterol（4）、Vanillin（5）、3Oxodammara20(21)，24dene（6）、Stigmasterol（7）、Friedelin（8）、Lupeone（9）、αAmyrin（10）、Friedel3ol（11）、（2S，3S，4R，8E）2[(2R′)2′Hydroxyteracosenoilamino]8octadecene1，3，4triol（12）. Compounds 2、6、9、12 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Effects of different extraction methods on volatile chemical constituents of the Elscholtzia kachinensis distributed in Guizhou Province

2015/12/16 11:39:43
For analysizing and comparing the difference of the volatile chemical constituents of Elscholtzia kachinensis distributed in Guizhou Province, different extraction methods were used, including steam distillation and solidphase microextrations methods，gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC/MS)together with spectral banks(NIST05 and WILEY275) to analysize and identify constituents，and area normalization method to determine the relative content of each constituent. Sixtyseven components were identified and 33 compounds were coexisted in the two kinds of extractions. 45 compounds were found in the solidphase microextrations，55 compounds were observed in the steam distillation extraction. There was not remarkable difference of volatile components checked in the E.kachinensis between the two extraction methods. The volatile components showed antimicrobial activities in vitro. The results provided the scientific evidences for exploitation of spiceberry E.kachinensis.

Chemical constituents of Rotala rotundifolia

2016/1/20 18:33:54
Eight compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extraction of the aerial parts of Rotala rotundifolia,which were identified as pomolic acid 3β-acetate(1),7-oxo-β-sitosterol(2),6β-hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one(3),esculetin(4),phyllemblin(5),1,2-O-di-galloylglycerol(6),apigenin(7),and quercetin(8)by spectra analysis,and all of them were obtained from this species for the first time. Compound 6 showed no activity against glucokinase,SIRT1,DPPIV,11β-HSD in vitro anti-diabetes screening tests.

Synthesis of genistein sulfonate and its therapeutic effect on mice schistosomiasis

2016/1/20 18:33:54
Genistein sulfonic acid ester derivative was synthesized in high yield and high selectivity through the orthogonal experiment to seek new candidate compounds for schistosomiasis. After the mice that infected with schistosomiasis were treated by the derivative,the granuloma area in mice that were led by schistosome decreased in different degrees. Among them,the low dosage group reduced to 23.2%,significant difference compared with the solvent group(P<0.05),)better than the parent drug 27.1% and the positive control group 27%. This compound had a certain inhibitory effect on granuloma in mice that was caused by schistosoma. The mechanism may be the liver functions of mice should be improved after drug treatment.

Chemical constituents and allelopathy of Tithonia diversifolia volatile oil

2016/1/20 18:33:54
Volatile oil was obtained from above ground part of Tithonia diversifolia by steam distillation method,and the main chemical components in the volatile oil were identified by gas chromatography-mass. Allelopathy of volatile oil from T. diversifolia on seed germination and seedling growth of 5 co-occuring plant species,Eupatorium catarium,Mimosa diplotrich,Mimosa pudica,Clitoria ternatea,Bidens pilosa was studied in a semi-closed container. 50 compounds were identified,accounting to 94.79% of the total detected constituents. The main components were α-Pinene(63.81%),Limonene(7.07%),β-Caryophyllene(4.85%),Bicyclogermacrene(2.95%),Sabinene(2.78%),and Spathulenol(2.702%),which accounted for 94.15% of the total amount of the essential oil samples. Terpenes accounted for 86.01% of the total. The bioassay test results demonstrated that volatile oil of T. diversifolia could inhibit the seed germination and growth of all tested plant. The inhibitory effects on Mimosa diplotricha was the largest,while Mimosa pudica and Clitoria ternatea were relatively small. These results indicated that volatile oil of T. diversifolia played a certain alllopathy invasive in invasion of diffusion.

Constituents of the leaves of Viburnm schensianum

2016/1/20 18:33:55
The constituents of the leaves of Viburnm schensianum were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by NMR,IR and MS spectroscopic evidence. Eight compounds,p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid(1),7- scopoletin(2),β-amyrone(3),umbelliferone(4),vanillic acid(5),β-daucosterol(6),3β,20-dihydroxyl-5β-pregnanes(7)and β-sitosterol(8)were isolated from the leave of V. schensianum Maxim. All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Chemical constituents of essential oil from seeds of Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloofera Fujita

QIU Mi, QIN Zi-Hai, GUAN Ji-Hua, LI Gui-Qing, SU Li-Hua — 2016/1/20 18:33:55
To analysis the seeds of Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloofera Fujita, the essential oil from different maturation stages seeds were extracted,and the chemical constituents and the contents of these ensstential oil by GC were analyzed. The results showed that the extraction rates were little different between the seeds at different maturaration stages,but the essential oil from seed and leaf was different,that showed there was a large variation between the plant individual.

Analgesic effects of essential oils purified from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum

2016/1/15 2:05:16
The compositions of essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, in order to study analgesic effects of essential oils purified from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum. Tolerance of hot plate and test of body wrest were used to study the analgesic effect at different dosages of essential oils. The data showed that 26 main compounds had been identified which mainly included 1,8-cineole, abietinol, sabinene and so on. The essential oils significantly increased the threshold value of pain. The number of body wrest significantly decreased, which were caused by glacial acetic acid. The analgesia percentages in high and medium groups were 74.69% and 73.11%, respectively, which were significantly different with the negative control. It can be seen that the essential oils from C. longepaniculatum have analgesic effects.

Analysis of total flavonoids and free radical scavenging activities in different Lycium barbarum cultivars

2016/1/15 2:05:16
The content of total flavoniods and free radical scavenging activities of different Lycium barbarum cultivars were respectively evaluated by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and DPPH. The results showed the content of total flavoniods of Ningqicai No. 1 was significantly higher than other cultivars(^**P<0.01),and its free radical scavenging activity was much stronger than other cultivars(^*P<0.05). It was suggested that Ningqicai No.1 was an excellent cultivar to develop Gouqi tea.

Research on bioinformatics of MAP30 protein structural function

ZHOU Xiao-Dong, SHEN Fu-Bing — 2016/1/15 2:05:16
It was designed to research the anti-HIV activities of protein MAP30 so as to provide scientific basis and theoretical basis for clinical application, to analyze and predict the protein MAP30 comprehensively using bioinformatics online servers, such as protparam, PHDhtm and PredictProtein. The results were as follows: MAP30 was stable alkali hydrophobin and the sequence thereof comprises three sections of transmembrane spiral structures and a section of disordering bit field; aggregates were formed among the molecules by the disulfide bond on peptide chain, therefore, it was a secretory protein. The protein MAP30 sequence contained signal peptide, a low complexity region and an RIP active region, therefore, it had three functions of cell envelope, isomerase and immune response. The sequence was distributed with N-glycosylation loci, N-myristoylation loci, Shiga/ricin ribosome inactivating protein loci and multi-zone protein kinase phosphorylation loci.

Chemical constituents of Ancistrocladus tectorius

2016/1/15 2:05:16
The chemical constituents of the stems of Ancistrocladus tectorius were isolated by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography,and the structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. The results showed that five known dihydroflavoids(-)-epicatechin-3-gallate(1),3,3',5,5',7-pentahydroxyflavan(2),(-)-catechin(3),(-)-Epicatechin(4),(-)-epigallocatechin(5)and one known phenolic compound(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxyphenol)-1-O-β-D-(6-O-galloyl)glucose(6)were obtained. Compounds 1,2,4-6 were reported for the first time from this species.

GC-MS analysis of the low-and-middle polarity components from the fruit of Photinia parvifolia

2016/1/15 2:05:16
The low-and-middle polarity chemical constituents were extracted from the fruit of Photinia parvifolia by solvent extract and were isolated and identified by GC-MS method. The relative contents of the chemical constituents were determined by area normalization method. 25 compounds were detected and identified which accounted for 96.04% of total low-polarity chemical constituents. And the main low-polarity chemical constituents were(Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester(13.11%),Di-n-octyl phthalate(10.13%),All-trans-Squalene(9.19%),Vitamin E(8.67%)and Nonadecane(8.03%). Most compounds were found for the first time in this plant. It would provide scientific support for exploitation and utilization of P.parvifolia.

Chemical constituents of endophyte Penicillium sp. DCS82 from Daphniphyllum longeracemosum

2016/1/15 2:05:16
Five compounds were separated and purified from PDA plate cultures of Penicillium sp. DCS82,an endophyte from Daphniphyllum longeracemosum by chromatographic techniques. They were identified as verrucosidinol acetate(1),verrucosidinol(2),viridicatin(3),fructigenine A(4),and 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)-1-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)indole(5)respectively,on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and NMR comparison with literatures. All compounds were isolated from this endophyte for the first time.

Research on constituents from the air part of Tadehagi trquetrum

2016/1/15 2:05:16
Compounds were separated by various chromatographic techniques to study the chemical constituents of the air part of Tadehagi trquetrum. Their structures were identified by analyzing their physicochemical properties and spectral data. The results showed that thirteen compounds were purified and determined as kaempferol(1),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside(2),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside(3),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside(4),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside(5),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside(6),querceitin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosi(7),quercetin-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside(8),rutin(9),phloroglucinol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10),naringenic acid(11),roseosideⅡ(12),(+)-catechin(13). Compounds 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12 were isolated from Tadehagi trquetrum for the first time.

Study on phenylpropanoids from hypocotyls of the mangrove plant Bruguiera gymnorrhiza

2016/1/21 12:11:50
Seven phenylpropanoids were isolated from the hypocotyls of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and purified by repeated column chromatography on silica,Sephadex LH-20 gel,and HPLC and structurally identified by spectral analysis. The compounds were identified as Scopoletin(1),Balanophonin(2),Secoisolariciresinol(3),Cleomiscosin A(4),Pinoresinol(5),Medioresinol(6),and Lyoniresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranosides(7). Anti-tumors activity bioassay indicated that compounds 1,3 and 7 had weak cytotoxicity toward human cancer cell lines A549 with IC₅₀ of 290.2,323.0,and 209.3 μg/mL,respectively. All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time except 3 and 5.

Determination of selenium contents in the leaf, bark,trunk and root of Eucalyptus by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry

2016/1/21 12:11:50
The trace selenium contents in the leaf,bark,trunk and root of eucalyptus were determined respectively by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry(HG-AFS)with potassium ferricyanide as masking agent,1.5% KBH₄ as reducing agent,10% hydrochloric acid as fluid carrier,after the samples were digested with microwave. The results were verified with spiked standards and detection limit. Potassium ferricyanide,poly epoxy succinic acid(PESA),tartaric acid,citric acid and ethylenediamine were investigated for their masking effects on 11 kinds of common interference elements,which would provide some reference information for the selection of an appropriate masking agent in selenium determination.

Histochemical localization of alkaloid in Dendrobium nobile

2016/1/21 12:11:50
The alkaloid contents in Dendrobium nobile of different developmental stages and organs were analyzed by using histochemical localization method. The results showed that the alkaloid was located in the fundamental tissue of stem,cortex of root and epidermis of leaf. Furthermore,the alkaloid contents of D.nobile of three-year-old were higher than that of one-year-old and two-year-old. And in different organs of this species,the alkaloid content in stem was almost equal to that in root,while it was general higher than that in leaf. These results implied that the best collection period of D.nobile was three-year old,and the root of D.nobile had a good development and utilizable value. It is necessary to further study why epidermis of leaf of D.nobile had alkaloid.

Effects of pH value on yield of flavonoids in callus tissues of Sophora japonica fruits

2016/1/21 12:11:50
The pH value of the medium is one of the important factors that affects plant growth and secondary metabolism. The stable growth callus tissues of Sophora japonica fruits were respectively cultured in B5 liquid medium with different pH values.The growth state and production,phenylalanine ammonialyase(PAL)activity and total yields of flavonoids were compared. The results showed 6.6 was suitable for the growth of callus tissues.PAL activity could be significantly affected by the pH value.Weak acid(6.6±0.05)medium was better for the most flavone compounds accumulation; in consideration of growth days and total yields,the best harvest period should be chosen at the 25th-30th day after subcultured.

Extraction of seed oil and fatty acid analysis from four species in Magnoliaceae

2016/1/21 12:11:50
The seed oil from Magnolia denudata,M.officinalis sbusp.biloba,Michelia maudiae and M.macclurei in Magnoliaceae were extracted by ultrasonic assisted extraction technology and microwave assisted extraction technology. The compositions of the oil were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry after methyl esterification. The results revealed that the oil extraction rate were different in four species,the average contents were 27.35% in Magnolia denudata,23.34% in M.officinalis sbusp.biloba,31.66% in Michelia maudiae and 9.27% in M.macclurei. Different extraction methods resulted in different components and relative contents of fatty acid,but the main and common components of above four seed oils were similar,including oleic acid,linoleic acid,stearic acid and palmitic acid.

Isolation and HPLCMS analysis insecticidal activity franctions from Japropha curcas fruit shell

2015/12/15 14:36:46
To seek insecticidal activity components from Jatropha curcas fruit shell, using alcohol crude extract of butanol partitioned extract in J.curcas fruit shells as an experimental material in our investigation，and then silica gel chromatography，at same time， separated products of the each stage were carried out by tracking activity，analyzed by HPLCMS，and the main components of active part were initially identified. The results showed that the concentration of colony WD1 reached 8 g•L1，Myzus persicae and Pieris rapae corrected mortality exceeded 70% in 24 h（72 h），which showed that toxic activity was very high. Through the analysis of WD1 by HPLCMS，seven compounds with maximum contents were identified，with total amount up to 80.72%. They were 2α，3a，23Trihydroxyurs12，20(30)dien28oi，Cyclgrossine B，Vitexin，Diterpene ，Jatrophlone A，Curcusone A or Curcusone B.

Potential mechanism of Camellia chrysantha seedsinduced apoptosis in human cervical cancer HelaS3 cells

SHI ZhenSong， YU DaYong， PENG Qian， SHI LiYing*，FENG BaoMin， WANG YongQi — 2015/12/15 14:36:46
To investigate the effect of the seeds of Camellia chrysantha on apoptosis in human cervical cancer HelaS3 cells. Human HelaS3 cells were treated with the solution of BuOH fraction from the EtOH extract from the seeds of C.chrysantha at different concentrations. The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry (FCM)，apoptosis associated proteins were determined by western blot. After treatment with the solution of BuOH fraction from the EtOH extract of the seeds of C.chrysantha on human HelaS3 cells，a significant enhancement of apoptosis was observed，the expression of Bax was enhanced，the expression of Bcl2 and Bid decreased，and the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the activation of Caspase8 and Caspase3 were observed. The BuOH fraction from the EtOH extract of the seeds of C.chrysantha was the active anticancer fraction，which promoted human HelaS3 cells apoptosis possibly by activating Bax，MMP，Caspase8 and Caspase3，and inhibiting Bcl2 and Bid.

Purification and enzymatic characterization of pyridoxaminepyruvate aminotransferase from the Tobacco

2015/12/15 14:36:46
The pyridoxaminepyruvate aminotransferase was purified from the tobacco leaf by freezedrying，DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow ion exchange chromatography，Sephadex G100 gel filtration and SP Sephadex C25 ion exchange chromatography. The enzymatic activity and properties were investigated with phenyl hydrazine method. The results showed〖JP3〗 that 92.34fold purification was obtained；the enzyme had an optimum temperature at 70 ℃ and pH at 90，and it was stable at pH7.0-9.0；the enzyme had good thermal stability which remained about 51.55% of its activity after being treated at 80 ℃ for 3 h；under optimal conditions，the Km values for pyridoxamine and pyruvate were 6.337 mmol•L1 and 0.867 mmol•L1. The results provided basis for the metabolic mechanism of VB6 in tobacco plants.

闭花耳草的化学成分研究

2015/12/15 11:54:15

酶解法提取甘薯茎叶中可溶性膳食纤维的研究

2015/12/15 11:54:15

响应面法优化黑土豆色素提取工艺研究

2015/12/15 11:54:15

HPLC法测定紫苏不同来源不同部位中迷迭香酸的含量

2015/12/15 11:54:15

Chemical constituents of essential oil from Dendranthema lijiangensis by GC-MS

2015/12/15 11:20:20
The chemical composition of essential oil from the flowers Dendranthema lijiangensis collected in Lijiang,which was obtained by microwave extraction and furtherly analyzed by GC-MS and database retrieval to determined its compositions. Totally 54 peaks were detected in GC and 43 compounds were identified,88.28% of the total peak areas were identified. The main consitituents of the essential oil were hydrocarbon and oxygen compounds: D-Camphor(3.86%),D-Germacrene(4.63%),Eicosane(5.20%),2-ethyl-4-methyl-1H-Imidazole(8.32%),(2R-cis)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydro-α,α,4a,8- tetramethyl -2-Naphthalenemethanol(18.30%). Compared to traditional extraction methods such as steam distillation and ultrasonic extraction,microwave extraction applied in our possesses many virtues,such as short periods,generates higher extraction rate and so on. Furthermore,systematic analysis was firstly conducted on the compositions and their relative contents of essential oils in Dendranthema lijiangensis,which would build foundation for further utilization of this species.

Inhibitory effect of buddlejasaponin Ⅳ on hepatocarcinoma 22(H₂₂)in mice

2015/12/15 11:20:20
To observe the inhibitory effect of buddlejasaponin Ⅳ on tumor growth on murine transplanted hepatocarcinoma 22(H₂₂)in vivo,tumor inhibitory activities were tested in experimental tumor H₂₂ mice. The tumor bearing mice were randomly divided into control group,CTX group(CTX,20.0 mg/kg)and buddlejasaponin Ⅳ treatment groups(1.00,0.50,0.25 mg/kg). The body weight and survival of mice in all groups were recorded. After exposing to medications for 10 days,all the mice were killed on second day,the tumors were taken out and weighted with tumor inhibition rate,and the indexes of spleen and thymus were checked,and the SOD activity,MDA,GGT and AKP levels in serum in each group were detected. The results showed that the high and middle dosage buddlejasaponin Ⅳ treated groups could inhibit H₂₂ growth compared with the control group(P<0.01),the inhibitory rate was 56.96%,50.63% respectively. In the high dosage buddlejasaponin Ⅳ treated groups,the activity of serum SOD increased(P<0.05),and in all the buddlejasaponin Ⅳ treated groups,serum MDA contents decreased(P<0.01). Compared with the control group,in all the buddlejasaponin Ⅳ treated groups,serum GGT,AKP content compared were highly significant differences(P<0.01),while the CTX group showed no significant difference. Buddlejasaponin Ⅳ can inhibit hepatocarcinoma growth. The mechanism may regulate the body antioxidant capacity,and needs further study.

Antimicrobial activity in vitro of crude extracts from seven kinds of traditional Chinese medicine from Yibin in Sichuan

2015/12/15 11:20:20
The antimicrobial activities of crude extracts from seven kinds of traditional Chinese medicine from Yibin in Sichuan against E.coli,Salmonella and Pasteurella in vitro were investigated with serial two-fold broth dilution method and agar plate counting method. The results showed that the crude extract from Phellodendron amurense had the strongest antimicrobial activity,its Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)range was 15.6-125 mg·mL^-1,its minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)was 31.25-250 mg·mL^-1. The antimicrobial activity of crude extract from Gardenia jasminoides was worse than Phellodendron amurense,its MIC was 62.5-250 mg·mL^-1,and MBC was 125->250 mg·mL^-1.The crude extract from Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis had stable antimicrobial activity,its MIC all was 125 mg·mL^-1,MBC was 125 mg·mL^-1 and 250 mg·mL^-1. The other four extracts from Eucommia ulmoides,Fallopia multiflora、Curcuma longa,Lonicera similis were proved that their antimicrobial activities were not as strong as other three extracts. Most of their MIC were≥250 mg·mL^-1. The results indicated that the extracts of Phellodendron amurense and Gadenia jasminoides had better bacteriostasis effect,and extract of Citrus medica var. Sarcodactylis was stable. They might be potential agents against bacterial disease,so they are worth of further study.

Chemical constituents from Mahonia bodinieri

2015/12/15 11:19:55
The chemical constituents of Mahonia bodinieri were studied by the method of chromatography and spectral analysis. Nine compounds were isolated and identified as nonacosan-10-ol(1),methyllinolenate(2),β-sitosterol(3),berberine(4),isotetrandrine(5),tetrahydroberberine(6),thalrugosine(7),jatrorrhizine(8),1-monoplamitin(9). All these compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Study on pretreatment conditions of organic acid to get xylooligosaccharide with bagasse

2015/12/15 11:19:56
Xylooligosaccharide of bagasse were hydrolyzed with organic acid by single factor and orthogonal experiments,through the research of the effecting factors such as the ratio,temperature,hydrolysis time and solid-to-liquid ratio of formic acid and acetic acid. With the hydrolysis rate,total sugar and polysaccharide yield as index,the optional pretreatment technological conditions with the hydrolysis of organic acid to get xylooligosaccharide were obtained as follows: formic acid:acetic acid=9:1,hydrolyzing temperature 100 ℃,hydrolyzing time 60 min and solid-to-liquid ratio 1:7,and under this condition,bagasse hydrolysis rate was 47.78%,total sugar yield 20.57%,and polysaccharide yield 11.88%. The results of HPLC test showed that xylobiose content was 17.69%,Xylotriose 11.23%,polysaccharide with higher polymerization degree 29.42% and xylose 36.78% in the hydrolyzate,and the hydrolyzate of Hemicellulose organic acid could be furtherly hydrolyzed with xylanase and be separated to obtain xylooligosaccharide. The result of this study would provide the scientific basis for new technology to get xylooligosaccharide with bagasse.

Antioxidant activity and antibacterial property of wild grape and grape wine

2015/12/15 11:19:56
Comparing with the classic wine grapes,the wild grapes from Guangxi and Hunan were selected to analyze their antioxidant activity and active substances. The dynamic change of each indicator in the fermentation process was monitored and the antibacterial property of different grape wines was studied. The results showed that the total phenol content and antioxidant activity of cabernet sauvignon were higher than the wild grapes and muscat grape. But the antibacterial activity of wild grape wines were superior to that of cabernet sauvignon and muscat grape wine. During the fermentation process of wines,their antioxidant activity and total phenol content increased. The total antioxidant activity and total phenol content had a significant positive correlation,as well as the oxygen radical scavenging capacity and procyanidins content. The correlation coefficients were greater than 0.989. The total anthocyanin content rose in the initial fermentation and fell in the late. The wine color became shallow with it.

Study on antioxidant activity from Inonotus obliquus

2015/12/15 11:19:56
Inonotus obliquus belongs to the family Hymenochaetaceae of Basidiomycetes,is mainly distributed in Russia,North America,Europe,Japan and northeastern China. It has been used traditionally as a folk medicine and with other herbs to reduce infammation in the nasopharynx and facilitate breathing. Different extracts were based on ethyl acetate(EA),methanol and water as extraction solvent and using Soxhlet extraction method to Inonotus obliquus, respectively. Reducing and radical scavenging abilities against DPPH radica,hydroxyl radical,superoxide radical and reducing power of ethyl acetate(EA),methanol extracts and water extracts were measured by means of photometric method,then compared with BHT. The results showed that ethyl acetate(EA)extract from the fruit of Inonotus obliquus had the highestantioxidant activity,and its antioxidant activity was better than that of BHT. It was correspond with the contents of various kinds of triterpenes,lignins and polyphenols in the different extracts. EA extracts would be good natural antioxidant,and have good development value.

Composition analysis on water leaching solution of Eucalyptus robusta leaf

2015/12/15 11:19:56
With different polarity organic solvent extracted water leaching solution of Eucalyptus robusta leaf and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)in order to make a clear definition of the chemical components. 37 compounds were identified. Among them,the petroleum ether extraction phase contained 20 kinds and main component was oxalic acid,butyl isohexyl ester(37.24%); Ethyl acetate extraction phase contained 16 kinds and main component was phenol,2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)]-4-methyl-(50.05%); N-butanol extraction phase contains 5 kinds and main component was butanoic acid,2-methylpropyl ester(54.57%). Of all the ingredients,ester material in the majority,also had a small amount of olefin,ketones,alcohols,benzene and alkane. 1,4-Cyclohexadiene,1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-,phenol,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-,1-octadecene and eicosane for petroleum ether and ethyl acetate common composition,1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid,mono(2-ethylhexyl)ester for ethyl acetate and n-butanol common composition. The study further defined the chemical components of E. robusta and builted the foundation for its application in pharmaceutical,chemical and allelopathy.With different polarity organic solvent extracted water leaching solution of Eucalyptus robusta leaf and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)in order to make a clear definition of the chemical components. 37 compounds were identified. Among them,the petroleum ether extraction phase contained 20 kinds and main component was oxalic acid,butyl isohexyl ester(37.24%); Ethyl acetate extraction phase contained 16 kinds and main component was phenol,2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)]-4-methyl-(50.05%); N-butanol extraction phase contains 5 kinds and main component was butanoic acid,2-methylpropyl ester(54.57%). Of all the ingredients,ester material in the majority,also had a small amount of olefin,ketones,alcohols,benzene and alkane. 1,4-Cyclohexadiene,1-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-,phenol,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-,1-octadecene and eicosane for petroleum ether and ethyl acetate common composition,1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid,mono(2-ethylhexyl)ester for ethyl acetate and n-butanol common composition. The study further defined the chemical components of E. robusta and builted the foundation for its application in pharmaceutical,chemical and allelopathy.

Purification of stevioside ST and RA by macroporous resin

2015/12/15 11:19:56
The adsorption and desorption capacities of three kinds of macroporous resins for RA and ST contained in stevioside were investigated through static adsorption experiment. The adsorption and desorption capacities was quantified using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and the results indicated that the LX-68M had the best adsorption and desorption capacities. Under 30 ℃,the absorption equilibrium of LX-68M resin was achieved for RA(85.0 mg/g dry resin)and ST(121.5 mg/g dry resin)after 6 h,respectively. The dynamic desorption was carried out under 2 BV/h eluting employing 55%(V%)ethanol/water as eluent,and the results showed that the purity of stevia glycosides increased from 75.5% to 77.8%. On the basis of these findings,it was believed that the LX-68M resin had industrial application promise for stevia glycosides.

Variation of virulent strains of Ralstonia solanacearum isolated from tomato

2015/12/15 11:19:56
In order to study the variation of Ralstonia solanacearum virulent strains isolated from tomato,the influence of subculture times,different culture time on NB medium,different pH in 7 d and 15 d treatments,1 h treatment at different temperatures on the variation of virulent strains were investigated. The results showed that the average attenuation index raised with the increasing of subculture generation,and avirulent strain appeared in the tenth generation. Virulent strains had been completely transformed to uncertain virulent strains and avirulent strains after 15 d on NB medium,and then almost became avirulent strains after 30 d. Virulent strains accounted for the largest proportion after 7 d and 15 d cultivation under pH7.0,the rates were 93.33%,92.22% respectively. On the contrary,virulent strains occupied the least proportion under pH5.8 with the percentage of 46.67%,31.1% respectively. When virulent strains were treated by the different temperatures,the strains dead at 50 ℃. And when the temperature was 40 ℃,the number of live strains was significantly lower and the virulent strains were at lower ratio than any other temperature(4-30 ℃).

Study onenzymolysis of bagasse xylan by-products of Candida tropiclis

2015/12/15 10:55:20
The effects of xylose,xylitol on enzymolysis of bagasse xylan by xylanase Shearzyme 500 L were studied. Xylooligosaccharide with high xylobiose content was obtained through the enzymolysis of by-product xylose by Candida tropiclis and relieving the inhibitory effect of xylitol on xylanse. The results were as follows: xylose was the inhibitor of Shearzyme 500 L,and its inhibitory effect was in proportion to xylose content in solution; xylitol had no inhibitory effect on xylanase; C. tropiclis could transform the xylose in the solution of bagasse xylan into xylitol without xylooligosaccharide,and xylobiose increased from 53.09% to 62.92% in total sugar,and reached 78.90% through the second hydrolysis

Effects of essential oil from Artemisia lavandulaefolia on morphology and structure of HeLa cells in vitro

2015/12/15 10:55:20
The effects of essential oil from Artemisia lavandulaefolia on morphology and structure of HeLa cells were investigated. Cell viability was assayed using MTT method. The differences of cell morphology and structure were observed by inverted microscopy,fluorescence and scanning electron microscope. Furthermore,the distribution of microtubules was observed by confocal microscopy. The results showed that essential oil from Artemisia lavandulaefolia could inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells in dose-and time-dependent manner. Treated with essential oil of Artemisia lavadulaefolia for 24 h,cells in 100 and 200 μg·mL^-1 experiment groups exhibited the typical morphology changes of undergoing apoptosis,such as cell shrinkage,nucleus chromatin condensed,microvilli disappear,bubbly uplift and the microtubules depolymerized. However,the cells in the 400 μg·mL^-1 group showed the necrotic morphology changes including cytomembrane rupture and cytoplasm spillover. Essential oil from Artemisia lavadulaefolia could inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells in vitro. And low and middle concentrations of essential oil from Artemisia lavadulaefolia could induce apoptosis,whereas high concentration of the compounds resulted in necrosis in HeLa cells.

Study on phenolic glycosides from fruit of the mangrove plant Avicennia marina

2015/12/15 10:55:21
Six phenolic glycosides were isolated by silica gel column chromatography,PTLC,and semi-preparative HPLC from the fruit of Avicennia marina. By means of spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literatures,their compounds were identified as Rhyncosides A(1),Coniferin(2),l-(4-Hydorxybenzoyl)-glucose(3),(Z)-4-Coumaric acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4),Vanillic acid 4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5),Phenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(6). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Chemical constituents from Ainsliaea glabra

2015/12/15 10:55:21
To investigate the chemical constituents of Ainsliaea glabra,several chromatographies including Silica gel column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography were applied to the isolation and purification of chemical constituents. The structures were identified on the basis of chemical evidence and spectral data.The results showed that seventeen compounds were isolated from A. glabra and they were identified as taraxasteryl acetate(1),dotriacont-1-ene(2),β-sitosterol(3),chrysophanol(4),lupenyl palmitate(5),methyl linolenate(6),linoleic acid(7),phytol(8),stigmast-4-en-3-one(9),phytenal(10),betulinic acid(11),(9Z,11E)-13-oxo-9,11-ocatadecadienoic acid(12),E-7,9-diene-11-methenyl palmitic acid(13),taraxinic acid(14),3β-hydroxy-cholesta-5-ene(15),epoxylycopaene(16),28-O-laurylbetulin(17). Compounds 1-17 were obtained from this herb for the first time.

Analysis on morphological characteristics and effective composition contents of Houttuynia cordata in different habitats

2015/12/15 10:55:21
The influence of different habitats on the germ plasms of Houttuynia cordata,morphological characteristics and effective composition contents of H. cordata in different habitats were compared. The main environmental factor indexes under different habitats and leaf length,leaf width,individual height,stem base diameter,biomass,water content were measured. And the effective composition contents were determined by HPLC. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA statistical analysis and correlation analysis. The results showed that environmental factors had significant effects on morphological characteristics and effective composition contents of H. cordata in different habitats,the optimum light intensity would promote the accumulation of effective composition. The effect sequence of effective component in various parts of the H. cordata was leaf>stem>root. Proper shade could avoid the strong light that restrains the growth. It also significantly increased the content of effective components. The results would give some advice to increase the quality of the H. cordata.

Study on the effective constituents of Spirulina platensis with supercritical fluid extraction and separation

YAN Rong-Jun, LIN Xi, HU Jia-Yang, QIU Jun-Hong, LU Xiang-Hong — 2015/12/15 10:55:21
The effective constituents of the Spirulina platensis components were analysed and extracted used the supercritical CO₂ extraction. The optimal conditions of supercritical CO₂ were as follows: 20 MPa as extraction pressure,50 ℃ as extraction temperature,100 mL/100 g as entrainer,2 h as extraction time. And also analysis on Spirulina protein and polysaccharide by using Kjeldahl method and Gas Chromatography,the results showed that the protein content of Spirulina platensis was 49.39%,the content of Spirulina platensis monosaccharides in the polysaccharide was 9.25%. Most of monosaccharides was composed from rhamnose,xylose,mannose,glucose and galactose.

Chemical constituents from the leaves of Alchornea trewioides(1). Phenolic acids and related compounds

2015/12/15 10:10:34
80% acetone extracts of the fresh leaves of Alchornea trewioides was successively separated by Sephadex LH-20,MCI gel CHP 20P, and Toyopearl Butyl-650C column chromatography to yield ten phenolic acids and related compounds. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses as:salicylic acid(1),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(2),2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid(3),3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(4),trans-p-coumaric acid(5),cis-p-coumaric acid(6),caffeic acid(7),caffeic acid methyl ester(8),gallic acid(9),and methyl gallate(10). Compounds 1-8,10 were isolated from the Alchornea for the first time.

Extraction, composition analysis and acute toxicity test of seed oil of Gynostemma pentaphyllum

2015/12/15 10:10:34
Based on petroleum ether as extraction solvent and ratio of material to solution 1:7,the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process on seed oil of Gynostemma pentaphyllum was optimized by single factor test and orthogonal test. The optimal ultrasonic-assisted conditions were as follows:extraction temperature 60 ℃,ultrasonic power 200 W and extraction time 50 min,under which the extraction rate of seed oil could reach 28.13%. Physicochemical properties of the seed oil including density,dioptre,acid value,saponification value and iodine value were respectively 0.895 g·mL^-1,1.518 n_D²⁰,0.85,180.2 mg KOH·g^-1 and 135.7 g I₂·100g^-1,which revealed that G. pentaphyllum seed oil was a fine drying oil. GC-MS analysis revealed that there were 10 kinds of fatty acids in G. pentaphyllum seed oil,and the mass fraction were linolenic acid(80.49%),oleic acid(8.05%),linoleic acid(7.08%),stearic acid(1.79%)and palmitic acid(1.28%). The unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 96.48% of total fatty acids. In the acute toxicity test,a dose of 65 mL·(kg · d)^-1 of seed oil were filled into mice's stomach,and no evident poisoning symptoms and animal death were detected after 14 d continuous observation,which preliminarily indicated that G. pentaphyllum seed oil was of nontoxicity,and expected to be developed as a resource of health oil.

Determination of tigogenin by the flow-injection chemiluminescence

2015/12/15 10:10:34
Luminol-K₃Fe(CN)₆ was used to detect content of tigogenin separated from sisal residue and sisal cream by the flow-injection chemiluminescence. When Luminol(1.0×10^-5mol·L^-1)was dissolved in NaOH(0.1 mol·L^-1),K₃Fe(CN)₆(1.6×10^-5mol·L^-1)was dissolved in deionized water and RPM of peristaltic pump was from 50 to 80. This system showed the best character of chemiluminescence for tigogenin dissolved in ethanol. Under this condition,the LOD was 3.0×10^-3mg·mL^-1. The correlation coefficient of standard curve was 0.9996,the average recovery was 98.5% and the RSD was 2.9% to 4.2%. Determination of tigogenin by HPLC was used for comparative trial.

Study on phenolic constituents of stems and leaves from Arachis hypogaea

2015/12/15 10:10:34
Phytochemical investigation of the stems and leaves from Arachis hypogaea led to the isolation of 10 known compounds. Based on spectroscopic and chemical evidences,their structures were identified as 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid-bis-(2-methylpropyl)ester(1),2-hydroxy benzoic acid(2),1,2-benzenediol(3),4-hydroxy benzoic acid(4),(E)-3,4-dihydroxy-cinnamic acid(5),4-hydroxy phenol(6),phthalic acid dibutyl ester(7),3,4-dihydroxy-phenethylalcohol(8),4-hydroxyphenyl ethanol(9),3,4-dihydroxy-benzoic acid(10). Except for 1,2 and 4,the other compounds were isolated from A. hypogaea for the first time.

Chemical constituents from the leaves of Alchornea trewioides(4). Polyphenols

2015/12/14 15:20:42
Alchornea trewioides, as atraditional Chinese medicine, was used to alleviate illness and discomfort in China, but the material basis of pharmacodynamic was unknown. In order to research for the material basis of pharmacodynamic from A. trewioides leaves, the fresh leaves of A. trewioides were extracted with 80% aqueous acetone and assigned by petroleum ether and water. The petroleum ether and water extracts were subjected to the column chromatography by MCI gel CHP 20P, Sephadex LH-20, and Toyopearl Butyl-650C, respectively, to yield nine polyphenols. Their structures were identified by means of ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, DEPT, and comparison with literature as: ellagic acid(1), 3-O-methylellagic acid(2), decarboxyellagic acid(3), 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(4), 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(5), corilagin(6), phyllanthusiin D(7), furosonin(8), and geraniin(9), respectively. Compounds 2-9 were obtained from A. trewioides for the first time.

Composition and content analysis of amino acid in authentic Angelica dahurica of Hunan

2015/12/14 15:20:41
Angelica dahurica is a kind of Chinese herbal medicine. The effective components of A. dahurica, commonly known as coumarin, have drawn attention because of their wide spectrum of biological effects that might be mainly related to some chemical components with antispasmodic and analgesic activities like some volatile oils such as isoimperatorin, imperatorin and so on. But it is unclear what the components and mechanism of analgesia in A. dahurica are, and whether there are other substances just like some drug-effective amino acids have also some pharmacological effects can make nothing of it. In this study,the contents and composition of protein amino acids and free amino acids in Chaling A. dahurica of Hunan were determined by amino acid analyzer, and analysised of its amino acid composition. Amongtotal amino acids, 16 kinds of amino acids except for Asn were detected, and the content of Arg was the highest and accounted for 31.21% close to 1/3 at the ratio of the total amino acids. The content of the essential amino acid reached 27.01%, and the content of Leu is the highest, and accounted for the ratio of the total amino acids up to 24.14%. A higher proportion of essential amino acid are respectively 73.89% and 85.78% in total amino acids by the acid-catalysed hydrolysing and free amino acids, in which the content of Arg was the highest as 1.383 g·100 g^-1, and accounted for 42.24%. The content of gamma aminobutyric acid and ornithine in free amino acid was also to a high content. And in addition, a small amount of homocysteine and anserine free non protein amino acids and peptides were detected. The essential amino acid composition was close to the recommendations of the WHO/FAO uptake value. But Met+Cys had minimum RC value, and was the first limiting amino acid. The results showed that these drug-effective and free amino acids might be one cause that Chaling A. dahurica has good physiological function. Futhermore, the amino acid composition and ratio of Chaling A. dahuricae were relatively reasonable and according with the human body needs. Based on strengthening the sulfur-containing amino acid, Chaling A. dahurica has potential to develope as a new type of health food of edible and pharmaceutical. In addition, the study will also be a theory basis for further study on the pharmacological effects of A. dahuricae.

Chemical constituents of endophyte Neofusicoccum sp. F483 from Huperzia serrata

2015/12/14 15:20:41
As we know, the plant endophytic fungi are some important biological resources, and up to now, a large part of the plant endophytes which came from a variety of plant organizations had not yet been recognized by the people, and on the basis of checking out relative technical literature reported in both at home and abroad, the great majority chemical constituents produced by the endophytes were found to possess certain biological activity. This thesis was the further search for new active natural products from pteridophyte Huperzia serrate endophytes. H. serrate (Thunb.)Trev. was collected from Xichou County, Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan Province. A endophytic fungus was isolated and purified from the stem of H. serrate. After extracting total DNA of this strain, internal transcribed spacer(ITS)was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR), then the amplified product was sequenced. Fragment sequencing results were compared to the GenBank sequence database, and eventually, this strain was identified as Neofusicoccum and was named as Neofusicoccum sp. F483. In this study, we adopted the following three methods:(1)The endophytic fungus Neofusicoccum sp. F483 was fermented with solid medium, and then, fungi with medium were extracted with mixed organic solvent, and the secondary metabolites were obtained;(2)The chemical composition of the fermented metabolites were isolated by column chromatography methods including normal-phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase semi-preparative HPLC;(3)The isolated chemical components were identified by their physical and chemical properties, and a combination of spectroscopic techniques including electrospray ionization mass spectrum(ESI-MS)and one-dimentional nuclear magnetic resonance( 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR)spectroscopic analysis. The results were as follows: eight compounds were separated and identified from Neofusicoccum sp. F483, and their structures were elucidated by analyzing their spectral data and comparing with the relevant reported literature. They were identified as follows: fusaproliferin(1), 5α,8α-epidiory-(22E,24R)ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(2), ergosterol(3), 1-(furan-2-yl)-2-hydroxyethanone(4), cerebroside C(5), adenosine(6), versicolactone B(7)and versicolactone A(8). It will lay a foundation for further mining the valuable natural products from plant endophytes, and will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of the new medicinal plant endophytes resources.

GC-MS analysis of essential oil from five Cupressaceae plants

2015/12/14 15:20:43
Cupressaceae is the only cosmopolitan family of conifers, containing nearly 150 species widely distributed all over the world, and many of which are important horticultural plants. At present, there are quite a few researches which attempt to survey diverse applications of these plants, but few researches focused on studying the essential oils of these species. In this study, the essential oils of five Cupressaceae plants(Chamaecyparis obtusa, Cupressus funebris, Sabina chinensis var. sargentu, Chamaecyparis pisifera cv. Squarrosa Ohwi and C. pisifera)were obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves, which were furtherly analyzed by gaschromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and database retrieval. The result showed that hydrodistillation was an effective method for extraction the essential oils of these plants. Except for Sabina chinensis var. sargentu, the oil yielding rate of four other species were more than 0.5%. Totally 80 compounds were identified from these essential oils, and most of which were terpenoids. Chamaecyparis pisifera contained the most number of compositions, about 54 kinds, then followed by C. obtusa, C. funebris and C. pisifera cv. Squarrosa Ohwi, containing 51, 47 and 42 kinds respectively, while there was only 35 constituents in Sabina chinensis var. sargentu. The main constituents of the essential oils were bornyl acetate, α-pinene, 3-carene, D-limonene, terpinen-4-ol, sabinene, terpinolene etc., and some consitituents were valuable for pharmaceutical industry, such as endo-borneol, β-myrcene, caryophyllene, β-ionone and verticillol. The compositions of the essential oils and their relative contents in five plants were very different, and up to 50% of the total compounds were unique compositions contained only in one or two species. The constituents present in all five plants were less than a quarter of the total compounds. The study can provide reference basis for development and utilization of germplasm resources of the family Cupressaceae.

Chemical constituents with antioxidative activity from the flower buds of Lonicera serreana

2015/12/14 15:20:42
Lonicera serreana is the endemic species in China from the genus Lonicera. The flowers and fruits of L. serreana were commonly used in the traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of various diseases, but there was no study on the chemical constituents of L. serreana. To study the chemical constituents with antioxidative activity from the flower buds of L. serreana, DPPH radical scavenging assay was used for screening the active fractions of 75% ethanol extract. The highest antioxidant activity(89.45%)was observed in the ethyl acetate layer of the extract. Further chemical investigation led to the isolation of nine compounds by modern chromatographic method(chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 columns). Their structures were elucidated by modern spectrum analysis(MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, ROESY). As a result, four chlorogenic acids, four flavonoids and one sterol compound were identified from the ethyl acetate layer of the extract. All of these compounds were isolated from the flower buds of L. serreana for the first time. The chemical constituent of the flower buds of L. serreana was deeply studied under the active guidance of DPPH radical scavenging assay, therefore this study would accumulate the fundamental data for antioxidant related products development.

Effects of seasonal changes on the growth and reproduction in Ficus racemosa and pollianting fig wasp mutualism system

2015/12/14 15:20:45
The interaction between pollinating fig wasps(Agaonidae)and their host fig trees(Ficus)is a striking example of an obligate pollination mutualism. The reproductive allocation of female flowers resource in fig is attracting lasting interests of researchers. To verify how reproductive strategies of figs are affected by seasonal change, F. recemosa was used to analyze how the fig size, foundress numbers and reproductive resources allocation of fig-fig wasp change with seasons. We also conducted controlling introduction experiment on F. recemosa to explore how seed and fig offspring number change with foundresses number. Statistical model was used to fit the relationship between seed/wasp offspring number and foundresses number to estimate the optimal foundresses number, as well as the consequence of foundresses number in nature to fig-fig wasp reproduction. The results showed that fig size was significantly influenced by season, figs in rainy season were smaller than figs in warm dry season and cold dry season. Seasonal change also had significant impact on foundress numbers in nature, and fig bract played an important role in blocking the redundant foundresses. Our results also showed that the reproduction of fig-fig wasp varied seasonally, the number of seed and wasp offspring reached the highest in cold dry season. The results of controlling introduction experiment and statistical model showed that the relationship between foundresses numbers and seed/wasp offspring number fitted quadratic parabola model, either excessive or too few foundress was unfavourable for fig-fig wasps reproduction. The foundresses number in nature was approximately equal to optimal foundresses number. Our experimental results suggested that F. recemosa had evolved the reproductive strategies to adapt seasonal change in Xishuangbanna.

Effects of alcoholic extracts from Acorus tatarinowii on defensive enzymes of tomato

2015/12/14 15:20:44
This paper aims to explore Acorus tatarinowii alcohol extracts as a kind of traditional Chinese herbal medicine fungicide effects on the plant defense enzyme system of fungi host. The test materials were tomato seedlings and Sichuan authentic herbal medicine A. tatarinowii. A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts were prepared by cold-maceration. The main experimental methods were colorimetric method and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The activity of plant defensive enzymes were examined by colorimetric method after the treatment of tomato seedlings using different concentrations of alcoholic extracts from A. tatarinowii. And the main chemical compositions of A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These results showed that when the concentration of A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts in 0.04-0.08 g·mL^-1, the activity of PAL was significantly higher than control groups on the first day. Then the activity of PAL reduced with the increase of the concentration of alcohol extract. And at the outset of the activity of POD had no significant difference on concentration condition of 0.04-0.16 g·mL^-1. When the concentration of A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts in 0.64 g·mL^-1, the activity of PAL was significantly lower than control groups. And the activity of PPO was significantly higher than control groups on concentration condition of 0.04-0.32 g·mL^-1. When in 0.64 g·mL^-1, the activity of PPO had no significant difference with control groups. But with the extension of time,the difference between each group of three enzymes was reduced. On the 4th day, the activity of PAL had no significant differences between treatment groups. When the concentration of alcohol extracts in 0.04-0.64 g·mL^-1, the activity of PPO had no significant differences with control groups. The activity of PPO was significantly higher than control groups on the scope of the other. When in 0.08-0.32 g·mL^-1, the activity of POD of values were higher than those in control groups. The results showed that A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts could influence the activity of plant defensive enzymes and a certain concentration of A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts could enhance it without damaging plants defense enzyme system. Therefore, A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts as a new type of traditional Chinese herbal medicine fungicide is a huge potential of development and utilization. And thirty chemical compositions were identified from A. tatarinowii alcoholic extracts by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main chemical composition of A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts was phenylpropanoids such as β-asarone,α-asarone and cis-Methylisoeugenol. The most abundant chemical composition was β-asarone. And the content of β-asarone in A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts accounted for 42.48%. And in follow-up studies, we can study the main chemical composition of A. tatarinowii alcohol extracts like β-asarone.

Optimization of the extraction technology of camphor pericarp anthocyanins by response surface method

ZAN Li-Xia — 2015/12/14 15:20:44
The extraction technology of camphor pericarp anthocyanins was optimized preferably. The alcohol was used as the extracting solvent. Extracting time and temperature, solvent concentrations, proportion of material and solution and pH were discussed. The model of three factors and three levels was established through box-Behnken. The design of experiment was made by Design-Expert 8.0 software and optimization of various factors and their interaction effects were analyzed by response surface method. The ability of antioxidant was determined with colorimetric method using salicylic acid and DPPH method, and comparison of time to influence the stability of the anthocyanins. The regression equation of the best extraction of anthocyanins was Y=58.64+2.27A+12.78B+10.18C-14.01A2-11.00B2-7.56C2 ,R2= 0.9796, and the fitting degree of model was good. Within the range of the test, the model reflected the extraction results. The results showed that the best extraction parameters were pH 1.0, material-solvent ratio 1 g:15 mL, ethanol content 78.59%, extraction temperature 77.14 ℃, extraction time 42.48 min. On this extraction condition, the content of the camphor pericarp anthocyanins was 67.99 mg·100 g^-1. In a certain concentration, the ability of scavenging hydroxyl free radical and the total antioxidant capability were all positive linear correlation with the concentration of anthocyanins. The regression equation respectively were y=0.3388x+13.485(R2=0.9856),y=0.0275x+0.0221,(R2=0.9966). To determine the optimum technological conditions by using the response surface method were reasonable, it would provide certain guiding significance for the development and ntilization of natural pigment.

Costruction of single-cross expression vector for chloroplast acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase in Brassica napus

WU Yu-Yong1; TAN Xiu-Hua1; MA Li-Xin2* — 2015/12/14 15:20:45
This study aimed to construct Brassica napus chloroplast acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase single cross-over expression vector,to lay the foundation for chloroplast transformation research of B. napus acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase,at the same time,to provide a good reference for the research of oilrape lipid metabolism. According to the known sequences form GenBank,the corresponding primers were designed,the gene sequences of four subunits for plastid acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase were amplified by Polymerase chain reaction. The form of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase of Escherichia coli and the form of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase of plastid were similar,therefore the gene sequences of four subunits of plastid acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase were spliced according to the form of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase of Escherichia coli. And the plasmid pHBM714 was obtained by cloned the gene fragments of chloroplast acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase into pMD18-T vector. Then the DNA sequence of plasmid pHBM714 was taken as the templaste,and the front of primers were added to the gene sequence of restriction enzyme sites of Cpo I and the gene sequence of restriction enzyme sites of Asc I respectively. At last,the sequence of chloroplast acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase was amplified by Polymerase chain reaction. These products of Polymerase chain reaction were processed by T4 DNA polymerase in the protection of dTTP,and which was jointed with the larget fragment that was got by the plasmid of pHBM720 DNA digested by restriction enzyme of Cpo I and restriction enzyme of Asc I. The ligation products was transformed into Escherichia coli Xl10-gold. The recombinant that was verified by amplification of Polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzymes digested correctly was named the plasmid of pHBM726. The recombinant plasmid of pHBM726 was the single cross-over expression vector for chloroplast acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase in Brassica napus which was obtained with selection marker of spectinomycin resistance gene(aadA)(-Prrn-SD-aadA-ACC-gfp-psbA3’-RbcL-Ampr+Ori -ACCD-). And it consisted of spectinomycin resistance gene(aadA),biotin carboxylase gene(BC),biotin carboxyl carrier protein gene(BP4),carboxyltransferase beta subunit gene(β-CT),carboxyl transferase alpha subunit gene(α-CT)and green fluorescent protein gene(gfp),furthermore,the six genes that were connected in series,and these genes which were expressed together with a common promoter sequence in Escherichia coli. The plasmid of pHBM726 was constructed successfully that were verified by restriction enzyme digestion,Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Finally,the recombinant plasmid of pHBM726 was expressed in Escherichia coli,with the recombinant plasmid pHBM726 of Escherichia coli could grow well on the medium plate containing spectinomycin,and the single colony was able to emit green fluorescence under visible light excitation,which indicated that spectinomycin resistance gene and green fluorescent protein gene were expressed successfully in Escherichia coli; the expression products of four subunits of plastid targeted acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase gene were all detected by Western blotting,it showed that four subunits of plastid targeted acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase gene were expressed successfully in Escherichia coli. All the results showed that four subunits of plastid targeted acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase gene,spectinomycin resistance gene and green fluorescent protein gene which were successfully expressed in Escherichia coli. This study constructed single cross-over expression vector for Brassica napus chloroplast acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase,and will lay the solid foundation for the chloroplast transformation research of Brassica napus.

Physiological dynamic response of four potted plants under the stress of formaldehyde

LI Cui-Fen1; ZHOU Jun-Hui2*; XIAO Zhi-Na2; XU Hui-Lian 3 — 2015/12/14 15:20:46
The physiological dynamic changes for the four species indoor potted plants,Neottopteris nidus,Dralaena fragrans, Sansevieria trifasciata and Aglaonema commutatum,were studied respectively with these indexes such as the unit dry matter of Formaldehyde(FDH)absorption,the relative electric conductivity(REC),the malondialdehyde(MDA)content,and the leaf chlorophyll content,under the stress of FDH with the treatment concentration of 15 mg·m-3. The results indicated that in four days of FDH intimidation,the unit dry matter of FDH absorption for both Neottopteris nidus and Dralaena fragrans reached to the peak at the third day,while Sansevieria trifasciata and Aglaonema commutatum increased slowly. Meanwhile,the most and least content of the unit dry matter for FDH absorption were Neottopteris nidus and Dralaena fragrans respectively. The REC and MDA contents for the four species increased with the raise of FDH stress time,the highest and lowest REC were Neottopteris nidus and Sansevieria trifasciata respectively,the highest and lowest MDA were Dralaena fragrans and Neottopteris nidus respectively. The leaf chlorophyll content for the four species decreased with the increasing of FDH stress time,the highest and lowest decreasing amplitude were Aglaonema commutatum and Sansevieria trifasciata respectively.

Chemical constituents of Sabina squamata(1)

2015/12/14 17:03:05
The constituents of Sabina squamata were isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by anlalyzing their spectral data and comparing with the previously reported literatures. Nine compounds were identified as sandaracopimeric acid(1),3b-hydroxysandaracopimeric acid(2),sugiol(3),5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxuflavone(4),noreugenin(5),cupressuflavone(6),onadecanoic acid-2,3-dihydroxypropylester(7),daucosterol(8),β-sitosterol(9). All compounds were firstly isolated from this plant. The results not only enriched its chemical constituents of Sabira squamata, but also would provide material basis for its development and utilization in the future.

Inhibitory effects of brusatol on human prostate cancer cells DU145 and its molecular mechanism

2015/12/14 17:03:06
Fructus Bruceae is a Chinese Traditional Medicine that commonly used for the treatment of tumor diseases. Brusatol is one of the major active components in Fructus Bruceae. This study was to explore the inhibitory effects of brusatol against proliferation of human prostate cancer DU145 cells, and the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by brusatol was further investigated. The inhibitory activities of brusatol against human prostate cancer cells DU145 and PC3,hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG2,human breast adenocarcinoma cell MCF-7,human colon adenocarcinoma cell HT-29,human pulmonary carcinoma cell A549 were assessed by MTT assay. The time-and concentration-dependent inhibition by brusatol on the most sensitive DU145 cells were further studied,and Hoechst 33258 staining was used to observe cellular morphologic changes. The distribution of cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry through PI and Annexin-V/FITC-PI double-labeled staining. To further analyze the possible mechanism of cell apoptosis,we investigated the protein expression levels of MAPK signaling pathway in DU145 cells after treatment with brusatol by Western blot. At the same concentration,brusatol showed the most potent inhibition on the proliferation of DU145 cells in the MTT assay. Furthermore,brusatol was found to inhibit DU145 cell growth in a time-and concentration-dependent manner. The IC₅₀ of the 48 h time course was(0.27±0.04)μmol·L^-1. Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258 staining,which showed increased fragmented chromatin and apoptotic bodies after the treatment with 0.25 μmol·L^-1 of brusatol as compared with the solvent control. A typical subdiploid peak was observed by flow cytometry,and the ratio of subdiploid peak was further increased with the time. Apoptosis of DU145 cells was analyzed by AnnexinV/FITC-PI staining and flow cytometry detection. The apoptosis rate was increased from 0.7% to 10.6% after the treatment of brusatol for 24 h,which confirmed that brusatol could induce apoptosis. Western blot analysis showed that brusatol can affect the expression levels of MAPK superfamily at a concentration of 0.25 μmol·L^-1 after incubation for 45 min,1.5,3,6,12 and 24 h. Brusatol selectively increased the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK,while decreased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2,all in time-dependent manners. Brusatol could significantly inhibit the proliferation of DU145 cells at a dose-and time-dependent manner,and it could also induce cell apoptosis. The increased phosphorylation of p38 and JNK,while decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 suggested that mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway might be involved in the brusatol-induced apoptosis on DU145 cells. Thus brusatol is a potential anticancer drug against the prostate cancer. Further studies to reveal its anticancer properties at the animal level are warranted.

Effects of rare-earth elements La³⁺and Ce³⁺ on the growth of Rabdosia rubescens regeneration plant and the accumulation of main secondary metabolites

2015/12/14 17:03:06
Aseptic seedlings of Rabdosia rubescens were used as the experiment material. In R. rubescens regeneration period, the rare-earth elements La³⁺or Ce³⁺with different concentrations were added in the culture medium. Fresh and dry weight of the plant were determined by gravimetric method. HPLC method was used for the determination of oridonin, ponicidin and rosmarinic acid content. We determined weight according to evaluating methods of agricultural and horticultural crops and the importance of indexes in the production of R. rubescens. The quality synthetic evaluation was also carried out according to weighted mark. The effects of rare earth elements La³⁺and Ce³⁺ on R. rubescens tissue culture and the contents of oridonin, ponicidin, rosmarinic acid in R. rubescens were studied. The synthetic score of blank control group was 61.51 points,under the condition of 1 μmol·L^-1 CeCl₃·7H₂O, the score reached up to the highest value of 87.20 points. But under the condition of 5 μmol·L^-1 LaCl₃·6H₂O,the score 74.44 points. The results of this experiment showed that CeCl₃·7H₂O had more positive promoting effects on the growth of regeneration plant of R. rubescens and the accumulation of main secondary metabolites than LaCl₃·6H₂O. The optimal concentration of Ce³⁺or La³⁺ could promote the growth of regeneration plant of R. rubescens and secondary metabolites oridonin,ponicidin and rosmarinic synthesis. However,La³⁺ concentration in high level inhibited the growth of R. rubescens plant regeneration. The experiment would lay a foundation for further study on the promotion effect on the growth of regeneration plant of R. rubescens. The study of R. rubescens could provide theoretical basis for the rational utilization of rare earth elements.

Chemical constituents from the leaves of Alchornea trewioides(Ⅲ). Quinic acids

2015/12/14 17:22:15
Alchornea trewioides is a kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine,which was used to treat prostate gland,shigella,lumbocrural pain,inflammation and other diseases in China,and its chemical constituents and antioxidation activity have been reported. To continue invested the chemical composition and master the material basis of A. trewioides,80% acetone extracts of the fresh leaves of A. trewioides was successively separated by Sephadex LH-20,MCI gel CHP 20P,and Toyopearl Butyl-650C column chromatography to yield five quinic acids. Their structures were elucidated spectroscopic analyses as:3-O-caffeoylquinic acid(1),4-O-caffeoylquinic acid(2),5-O-caffeoylquinic acid(3),4-O-galloylquinic acid(4),and 5-O-galloylquinic acid(5). Compounds 1-5 were isolated from the Alchornea for the first time. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC)of the all compounds were also compared and compounds 1-5 were observed to show the strongest antioxidation activity.

The pentacyclic triterpene of Ainsliaea yunnanensis

2015/12/14 17:22:16
Plants of Asteraceae are well known for containing biologically active chemical constituents. Within this family,the genus Ainsliaea comprises 70 species,48 of which are indigenous to China. Many Ainsliaea species are used in Chinese folk medicine for various indications. A. yunnanensis,Ainsliaea compositae plant,is born in 1 700-2 700 m above sea level of forests,forest margins,or mountain grass,mainly distributed in Yunnan,Sichuan and other places. And it is used in clinic to treat injuries,fractures,rheumatism bones and muscles pain,indigestion,sores and insect product disease. The latest pharmcological research revealed that A. yunnanensis had wide range of biological activities,such as antioxidant,antitumor,antiinflammatory properties. To explore the material basis of antiinflammatory activities and establish the basis for exploitation and utilization for the future,we had conducted a phytochemical investigation on the EtOH extract of the aerial parts of A. yunnanensis. So far,several sesquiterpenes,triterpenes and flavonoids,had been isolated from this genus. For example,arbutin,friedelin,friedelan-3β-ol,fernenol fom A. frans Champ. 8-α-hydroxy-11α,13-dihydrozaluzanin C,3-O-β-D-glucozaluzanin C from A. fragrans Champ. Acaciin,luteolin,luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside,chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucoside,apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucoside from A. bonatii Beauverd. 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid from Ainsliaea fragrans Champ. Ainsliaea A,ainsliaea B,zaluzanin C,3-O-(9Z,12Z,15Z-octadecatrienoy1)glycerol,3-0-(9Z,2Z-octadecatrienoy1)glycerol and glueozaluzanin C from A. acerifolia SchBip and A. dissecta Franch Et Sav. Ainsliolide A,ainsliolide B,taraxinc acid,taraxinic acid-14-O-β-D-glueopyranoside from Ainsliaea acerifolia vat subapoda. Three dimeric sesquiterpene lactones were identified as ainsliadimer A,ainsliadimer B,ainsliadimer C from A. macrocephal,and one dimeric sesquiterpene lactone was identified as gochnatiolide A from A. henryi,two triple sesquiterpene lactones(ainsliatriimer A,ainsliatrimer B)from A. fulvioides. In the dissertation,we investigated the chemical constitients of A. yunnanensis systematically,the plant material was collected in Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan Province,China and identified by Prof. Tan Ceming,plant herbarium of Jiangxi Province. Eleven pentacyclic triterpene compounds were isolated and identified as α-amyrin acetate(1),lupenyl acetate(2),3β-acetoxy-9(11):12-diene-ursan(3),α-amyrenone(4),lupenone(5),balanophorin B(6),bauerenyl acetate(7),3β-hydroxy-11-oxo-olean-12-enyl palmitate(8),lupa-12,20(29)-dien-3β,28-diol(9),simiarenol(10),lup-20(29)-ene-3β-yl eicosanoate(11). These compounds were isolated from A. yunnanensis by silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20,preparative HPLC and preparative TLC and were identified by spectral analysis(MS,¹H-NMR,¹³C-NMR,DEPT,COSY,HSQC,HMBC,ROSEY). Compounds 1-6,9-11 were isolated from A. yunnanensis for the first time. The genus Ainsliaea has been commonly used as crude material of traditional Chinese medicine for a long time,but the study of the genus was sparse,therefore this study would accumulat data for chemical constituents research of the genus.

Determination of extraction process and antioxidant activity of the total flavonoids from Euphorbia hirta

2015/12/14 17:22:16
Euphorbiahirta(Euphorbia)which contains flavonoids,tannins,triterpenes,diterpenes,possesses various effects such as heat-clearing and detoxicating,damping elimination and relieving itch and promoting lactation. The current research of E. hirta has been mainly focused on the study of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities. However,there is little report about the optimization of extraction process of flavonoids. In this study,the dry herb of wild E. hirta as experimental material was collected from Danzhou,Hainan Province. To optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids of E. hirta,the total yield of flavonoids was evaluated by the single factor experiment and orthogonal experimental design. In addition,the antioxidant activity of flavonoids from E. hirta was measured by using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging. The result displayed the optimal extraction method which was as follows: the powder of E. hirta was extracted by ultrasonic extractor for 4 times with 85% ethanol after being sieved by No.4 sieve(65 meshes). The rate of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging gradually increased as the concentration of flavonoids from E. hirta increased,(IC₅₀ was 56.1 and 60.7 μg/mL,respectively). The flavonoids of E. hirta has a better antioxidant activity due to its phenolic hydroxyl groups like isorhamnetin. The results would provide a basis for the industrial production of the flavonoids of E. hirta,and lay the foundations for the further exploitation and utilization of the medicinal materials E. hirta.

Extraction of tea saponin from Camellia cake

2015/12/14 17:22:17
Camellia cake is a common by-product of processing,which contains high content of tea saponin. Tea saponin is widely used in industrial production as a surfactant,which has excellent performance. But the method of extraction technology is not mature currently. One new method was proposed in the article,which used defatted Camellia cake powder as raw material,ethanol concentration as extraction agent,the extraction rate and content of tea saponin as extraction effect evaluation index. In order to acquare the extraction rate and content of tea saponin from Camellia cake,six factors such as the influences of the extraction time,adding quantity of 3% NaOH,ethanol concentration,the ratio of solid-liquid,temperature and times of extraction were studied. After single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment,the optimized conditions for extracting tea saponin were established by orthogonal experiments,which included that the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:17,ethanol concentration was 75%,extracting temperature was 81 ℃,extraction time was 88 min,adding quantity of 3% NaOH was 2.5 mL and extraction times were 2 etc. Under these conditions,the content of tea saponin from Camellia cake was 0.53 mg·mL^-1 and the yield of extraction reached 21.35%. After adding the NaOH,the yield of extraction improved significantly under the optimum conditions. The experimental method has good reference value for optimizing the extraction of tea saponin in the future.

Antioxidant activities of extracts and their main constituents of Callicarpa nudiflora

2016/10/6 0:12:03
Callicarpa nudiflora is a famous region drug of Hainan Province, which is mainly used as anti-inflammatory and hemostatic agents. The plant is rich in flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides, which have been proved to be one of the main source of natural antioxidants. To investigate the antioxidant capacities of C. nudiflora, the authors use DPPH scavenging method to determine the antioxidant activity of different polar extracts of C. nudiflora and its main constituents. The alcohol extract, water fraction, butyl alcohol fraction, ethyl acetate fraction showed strong antioxidant activity. Three main compounds, luteolin, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside and acteoside, possessed significant antioxidant activity while 5-hydroxy-3,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone exhibited weak antioxidant activity. The research will provide the evidence for development of health products of C. nudiflora.

Isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from a new endophyte Huperzia serrata

2016/10/6 0:12:03
Many kinds of endophytic fungi are widely associated with various plants and a lot of systemic researches focusing on secondary metabolites of endophytes had been conducted. However, the research on endophyte in Huperzia serrata is rare, which is a traditional Chinese medicinal fern Qian Ceng Ta, belongs to Huperzia of Huperziaceae. Finding active compounds from endophytes in H. serrata can provide a new way for further exploitation resources of this medicinal plant. The purpose of this study was to search cytotoxic active compounds of endophytes from H. serrata. We isolated the chemical constitution of Chaetomium sp. M336 which was an endophytic fungus isolated in the roots of Huperzia serrata. The Chaetomium sp. M336 was fermented on solid PDA media. The fungus containing with medium was extracted with ethyl acetate:methanol:acetic acid =(80:15:5, V/V/V)mixed organic solvent, and the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi were obtained. The compounds of the fermented extracts were separated and purified by column chromatography involving normal-phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase semi-preparative HPLC. Their structure of the compounds were elucidated by their physical and chemical properties, including nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS)and according to the reported literatures. They results were as follows: eight compounds were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate extracts of the fungus Chaetomium sp. M336. They were identified as chaetoviridines F, chaetoviridines E, 5'-epichaetoviridin A, 5'-epichaetoviridin A, xanthoquinodins Al, xanthoquinodins A2, xanthoquinodins B1, chetomin. In conclusion, eight compounds were isolated from M336. Compound 3 showed some certain anti-bacterial activity, others exhibit cytotoxicity. This preliminary work will provide information for further search on natural cytotoxic activity products of endophytic fungi from Huperzia serrata.

Optimization of extracting total flavonoids from Fordia cauliflora by response surface methodology

2016/10/6 0:12:03
Fordia cauliflora is the genus Fordia in the family Leguminosae, which contains flavonoids, alkaloids, organic acids and so on, possesses various activities such as beneficial wisdom, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory. The current research of F. cauliflora mainly focuses on the study of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities, there is little report about the optimization of extraction process of flavonoids. In order to determine the best extraction technology of total flavonoids from F. cauliflora and evaluate their antioxidant activity, the extraction temperature, solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration and extraction time as single factor were tested and then the extraction process of the total flavonoids from F. cauliflora was optimized by response surface designs based on single factor experiments. In addition, the antioxidant activity of flavonoids from F. cauliflora was measured by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl radical(DPPH·)and hydroxyl radical(·OH)scavenging. The results showed that total flavonoids of optimum extraction conditions of F. cauliflora were as follows: extraction temperature 78 ℃, solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:30(g·mL^-1), the alcohol concentration for 71%, extraction time 187 min. Under these conditions, an extraction rate of 10.53 mg·g^-1 for total flavonoids from F. cauliflora was obtained, compared with the predictive value of 10.61 mg·g^-1, the relative error was 0.76%. The IC₅₀ values of scavenging DPPH and OH radical were 14.09 and 78.43μg·mL^-1, weaker than that of Vc(8.11 and 67.95 μg·mL^-1). The extraction process was stable and reasonable, accurate and reliable, and it can be used to extract the total flavonoids from F. cauliflora. The results will provide basis for the further development and utilization of flavonoids of F. cauliflora.

Comparison of three derivatization methods for the determination of fatty acid profiles in cell membranes for bluegrass(Poa pratensis)

2016/7/12 14:36:43
The characteristic difference in bio-membrane in plant cells makes it difficult to use the same esterification method to determine the fatty acids contents,which are the important component of cell biological membrane. In order to establish a simple and reliable esterification method,in the present study,we isolated four kinds of cell membranes,chloroplasts,mitochondria,vacuoles and cytoplasm membrane respectively. Their fatty acids were extracted,esterified and determined by gas chromatography(GC)following three different methods. The results showed that both BF₃-methanol and HCl-methanol esterification methods could not effectively esterify some of the fatty acids in mitochondria. Compared with the two approaches,acetyl chloride method could trans-esterify fatty acids completely and efficiently. Our data on fatty acids analysis with GC determination indicated that the third method had a high repeatability and accuracy. The current study provides valuable information for fatty acid determination on the plant cell membranes from different species.

Chemical constituents and biological activities of Pyrethrum cinerariifolium

2016/7/12 14:36:43
The chemical constituents of Pyrethrum cinerariifolium and the measure of antitumor activity, antibacterial activity and nematicidal activity of the compounds which were isolated from P. cinerariifolium were investigated. The whole plant organ of P. cinerariifolium was extracted with methanol three times, and the methanol extract of P. cinerariifolium was isolated by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography(TLC). The compounds structures were identified by spectral method. The methods of MTT, biological activity-determination and inhibition zone were performed for the activities of antitumor, nematicidal and bacteriostat respectively. Four compounds were obtained from the extract of P. cinerariifolium, and identified as tulirinol(1), sesamin(2), β-cyclopyrethrosin(3)and 3, 5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7, 8-dimethoxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one(4)based on spectral data. Compound 3 showed significant activity against Leukemia cell HL-60, liver cancer cell SMMC-7721, lung cancer cell A-549, breast cancer cell MCF-7 and colon cancer cell SW480 with IC₅₀ values of 3.800, 2.890, 2.930, 4.600 and 5.160 μmol·L^-1 respectively. Compound 1, which IC₅₀ values were 5.020, 10.760, 12.310, 12.310 and 12.250 μmol·L^-1 respectively, showed lower activity than compound 3 against these cell lines. Compound 3 showed lower values of IC₅₀ than cisplatin against part of the cancer cell lines. The antibacterial bioassay showed Compound 3 had prominent activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis and Staphyloccocus aureus with the values of inhibition zone more than 1.1 cm with a dose-dependent manner. Compounds 1 and 2 had weak antibacterial activity. However, Compound 4 did not show any activity against four pathogenic bacteria. Compound 3 revealed nematicidal activity against Panagrellus redivivus and Caenorhabditis elegans with a time/dose-dependent manner, and the compound had stronger activity against C. elegans than Panagrellus redivivus at the same time point. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 did not show any activity against two nematodes. Together, all compounds were isolated from the P. cinerariifolium for the first time, and Compound 3 was firstly reported to show nematicidal and antibacterial activities, so it deserved to be further developed and applied.

Determination of gallic acid and total tannins in Polygonum bistorta

2016/7/13 15:39:59
To further complement and perfect about content of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the major component-gallic acid and total tannins in Polygonum bistorta were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and ultraviolet(UV)spectrophotometric methods for the essay, respectively. The HPLC condition for determination of gallic acid with Hypersil GOLD phenyl column(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm)and a mobile phase consisted of methanol and 0.1% phosphoric acid by gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-1. The detection wavelength was 276 nm by wavelength scanning from 190-400 nm. On the other side, the total tannins were determined by Casein Method according to appendices XB in Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republec of China(2010 ed), and the results were obtained by calculating the contend chang of total tannins before and after combination with the casein. The results showed that the linear range was 0.051-1.02 μg for gallic acid, the average recovery rates were 99.1%, 100.3%, 101.9%, and RSDs were 2.1%, 0.8%, 2.0%, respectively. The linear range was 2.09-10.48 μg for the total tannins, the average recovery rates were 102.2%, 100.2%, 102.1%, and RSDs were 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.0%, respectively. The investigation indicated that both methods had a preferable result for methodology validation. On the other hand, the essay also researched the P. bistorta from Guizhou and Sichuan, respectively, and the results showed that the conten of gallic acid and total tannins in P. bistorta had a great difference both Guizhou and Sichuan, the gallic acid and total tannins in P. bistorta from Guiyang were 1.53, 1.37, 1.12 mg·g^-1 and 5.01, 4.87, 5.23 mg·g^-1, respectively. And gallic acid and total tannins in P. bistorta were 2.72, 3.35, 2.46 mg·g^-1 and 5.01, 4.87, 5.23 mg·g^-1 from Chengdu, respectively. A preliminary analysis on this issue was made with many factors, as far as we know, the deciding factor should be the altitude. The references showed that the best condition for P. bistorta was an elevation from 800 to 3 000 m, while, the altitude of Guiyang at range of 800 to 1 600 m and altitude at range of 1 000 to 3 000 m for Chengdu. So, we belived that altitude of Chengdu was more amenable to the efficient growth of the P. bistorta, which futher caused the contents of gallic acid and total tannins relatively higher than Guiyang. The results provide a theory basis for pharmaceutical company to select P. bistorta for producing drugs. The research revealed that those methods were rapid, simple and reproducible and could be used to determine gallic acid and total tannins in P. bistorta. However, methods were the first to be used for determine gallic acid and total tannins in P. bistorta simultaneously, these data provide a basis for the further complement and perfect about content of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.

Analysis of volatiles from Laguncularia racemosa in Beihai, Guangxiby ATD-GC/MS and evaluation on safe property of the tree

2016/7/12 0:00:00
Laguncularia racemosa is a fast growing mangrove plant with excellent properties of anti-salt and waste prevention. But its safety to the environment and human beings need to evaluate when it absorbs polluted materials from the sea water, especially the safety on sense of smell of those volatile compositions released from the tree. For these concerns, volatiles from both the juvenile and adult branches without flowers or fruits were collected. And for the latter, it was also sampled branches with flowers and fruits. These samples were all obtained from the cultivation base for mangroves in Beihai, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reigion, China, which was a suitable afforestation farm for this mangrove plant with relatively high stability. Such volatiles mentioned above were captured in situ, i.e. from the living and undamaged tree, by dynamic head-space adsorption within a close and air circular system, using a set of portable apparatus which was easily available to experimental operation in the fields. Then, their chemical compositions were analyzed using auto thermal-desorption gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(ATD-GC/MS). The results showed that terpines, ketones, acids and other substances were detected in the tree volatiles, among which the highest content parts were terpines. In all samples, over 3/4 of the total volatile percentage was α-pinene, which shared the most preponderance of those compositions. Terpenes such as β-phellandrene and β-pinene were also with relatively high content, the former ranging nearly 10%-15% and the latter over 5%. It was concord with investigations on the constituents of those extracted chemicals from this tree and other mangrove plants such as Aegiceras comiculatum, as terpines were found in all of them. The other less compounds also contributed to the total smell at some point, providing fragrances as pine wood, holly tree, orange, eucalyptus and other vegetations, although they were various in aroma strong value of fragrance or odor(ASV). Some substances were considered as mid-strong ASV chemicals, such as camphene(250), benzaldehyde(500), acetophenone(200), nonanal(550), methyl salicylate(450)etc., and others were considered as low ASV chemicals, such as terpinolene(120), octanoic acid(100), nonanoic acid(100), p-cymene(80), etc. For its benefit to human health, L. racemosa is probably available to daily cosmetics and flavors by using the volatiles widely. Due to the safe and non-toxic smelling, the tree can be regarded as a prospective species for seashore vegetation rebuilding, coastal eco-restoration and landscape/fragrance environment making in the urban beaches.

EMS mutagenesis of Chlorella and the conditions of producing EPA research

2016/4/6 22:30:55
Chlorella vulgaris is a single-cell microalgae and most frequently used in aquaculture because it is easy for large-scale cultivation and could generate PUFAs such as EPA and DHA, which possess high value in medical and health care products. But the microalgae for commercial training were directly obtained from the nature, whose active material production was low and easy to degradate. In order to obtain algal strains of high EPA production, C. vulgaris was mutated by 0.6% EMS. Using Nile red staining for preliminary screening and then selected by single-cell clone method, the mutant strain EC1 was isolated from 200 mutant clones. The EPA yield of EC1 was measured by gas chromatography. The yield increased by 8.97% compared with the parent strain. The appropriate condition for the mutant strain culturing and its EPA production was determined by single factor experiment. Then the optimize condition assembly was determined by orthogonal test. The most suitable culture conditions for EPA production of EC1 included NaNO₃ 75 mg·L^-1, pH7.5, day-night temperature 17-15 ℃, 12% inoculation quantity and training for 7 d. The EPA yield of EC1 could reach 25.38 mg·g^-1 under the suitable culture condition. The results of subculture test showed that the mutant strain possessed good hereditary stability. The EPA yield showed no significant difference from the first generation to the sixth generation. The research would lay the foundation for the utilization of the C. vulgaris.

Analysis on the volatile components in seven cultivars of Dendrobium

2016/4/6 22:30:55
In order to understand the volatile constituents and relative contents in full-blown flower of five aroma cultivars(Dendrobium Hand Green, Dendrobium Burana Sunrise No.2, Dendrobium K. B. White 607, Dendrobium Blue Sapphine 256 and Dendrobium Burana Charming)and two non-fragrant cultivars(Dendrobium Red Bull, and Dendrobium Sunya Sunshine)of Dendrobium, were determined by solid-phase microextraction(SPME)and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The results showed that there were 45 volatiles identified in seven cultivars, including 34 kinds of terpene, 8 kinds of aromatic and 3 kinds of esters. Five scented varieties volatile components mostly were terpene, and the terpene played an important role in aroma formation of Dendrobium. By comparison: main volatiles in five scented Dendrobium cultivars were 3-carene, linalool and α-copaene. Different species' volatiles and relative contents were significantly distinct. The major components of Dendrobium Hand Green and Dendrobium Burana Sunrise No.2 were 3-carene, the relative contents were 59.343% and 77.775%, but the emission rate of Dendrobium Burana Sunrise No.2 was about 3 times of Dendrobium Hand Green's; Dendrobium K. B. White 607's main volatiles was 3-carene(29.170%), α-copaene(17.660%), and linalool(10.990%); In Dendrobium Blue Sapphine 256's volatiles, the relative contents of α-farnesene was the highest(42.310%); the main volatiles in Dendrobium Burana Charming's were α-copaene(33.648%), followed by 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-methylpropyl)ester(13.866%). There were identified less volatiles in two non-fragrant cultivars, the main volatiles emission rates were also less; Dendrobium Red Bull's main volatile was homosalate(28.118%); the most important volatile was isoeugenol(27.529%)in Dendrobium Sunya Sunshine. The main volatile components played a decisive role of the scent in different varieties and most of them had been widely used in flavor, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and other products. Therefore, looking for the key aroma components in different cultivars would provide references for aroma cultivar breeding and products development of Dendrobium.

Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on main components of volatile oil in Perilla frutescens

2016/4/6 22:30:55
Our country is one of the three nitrogen settlement areas in the world, and nitrogen deposition seriously affects the growth and development of plants. We analyzed the changing rule of the three kinds of volatile oil components, Perilla aldehyde, D-Limonene, α-Pinene in the leaves of Perilla frutescens, under different concentrations of nitrogen deposition, by spraying ammonium nitrate nitrogen deposition(NH₄O₃)simulation. The results showed that with the continuous improvement of salt spraying nitrogen, the main components of the volatile contents of the three kinds of Perilla frutescens oil were significantly downward; Salt concentration of nitrogen at 0.044 mol·L^-1, Perilla aldehyde, D-Limonene, the content of α-Pinene fell to the lowest, after stabilizing; Nitrogen salt concentration on the proportion of three kinds of volatile oil contents were also affected; Under different nitrogen salt concentrations processing, variation coefficients of three kinds of volatile oil compositions were different. Perilla aldehyde of variation coefficient was 0.692 9, D-Limonene variation coefficient was 0.460 1, and α-Pinene variation coefficient was 0.271 6. The Perilla aldehyde content displayed the biggest change, while the α-Pinene content was the most stable. In conclusion the concentrations of atmospheric nitrogen deposition had significant effects on the main volatile oil contents in P. frutescens leaves. With the increase of salt concentration in nitrogen, The volatile oil contents, Perilla aldehyde, D-Limonene, α-Pinene etc. showed a trend of reduce, especially in the lower levels of the most dramatic perillaldehyde. Increased nitrogen deposition would decrease the quality of P. frutescens.

Chemical components of essential oils from Ocimum basilicum ‘Green', O. basilicum ‘Lettuce' and O. basilicum var. majus

2016/4/6 22:30:55
Ocimum basilicum containing nearly 60 species widely distributes all over the world, and many of which are important horticultural plants. At present,there are quite a few researches attempt to survey diverse applications of these plants,but few researches focused on studying these three basil varieties(O. basilicum ‘Green',O. basilicum ‘Lettuce' and O. basilicum var. majus). In this study, the essential oils of O. basilicum ‘Green',O. basilicum ‘Lettuce' and O. basilicum var. majus were obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves,which were extracted by solid-phase micro-extraction(SPME)method and gas chromatrography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)was used to detect the composition of essential oil. The results showed that 40,26 and 36 kinds of fragrant elements were detected from O. basilicum ‘Green',O. basilicum ‘Lettuce' and O. basilicum var. majus, respectively. The basic fragrant components in O. basilicum ‘Green' and O. basilicum ‘Lettuce' and O. basilicum var. majus were 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-Octadien-3-ol and 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-8-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-[1S-(1à,2α,4α)]-Azulene and Elemene. The basic fragrant components in O. basilicum ‘Green' and O. basilicum var. majus were 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-Octadien-3-ol,O. basilicum ‘Lettuce' was eucalyptol. The study would provide reference basis for development and utilization of germplasm resources of O. basilicum.

A new antiviral alkaloid from the hypocotyl of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza

CHEN Zhi-Yong1，QU Cai-Hong1，LU Jing1，CHENG Gang1，GAO Cheng-Hai2* — 2016/3/9 12:25:27
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza is a common buttressed tree found in the mangrove forests. The hypocotyl of a mangrove B. gymnorrhiza are traditionally used as food and herbal medicine in Guangxi. A new alkaloid (1) was isolated from the hypocotyl of a mangrove B. gymnorrhiza and purified by repeated column chromatography on silica and HPLC. The structure of Compound 1 was elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis (HRMS，1H NMR，13C NMR，DEPT，1H-1H COSY，HSQC and HMBC). Compound 1 was a new compound by the method of SciFinder scholar，and it showed that anti-Hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity against HbsAg and HbeAg with IC50 values of 4.37 mmol•L-1 and 4.89 mmol•L-1，and TI values of 2.68 and 2.40，respectively. The hypocotyl of a mangrove B. gymnorrhiza has been commonly used as crude material of herbal medicine for a long time，and this study would ac-cumulate data for chemical constituents research of the genus.

Antibacterial activity screening of 10 Chinese herbal medicines against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro

XIE Jun-Jie1,2，HAN Jun2，ZUO Guo-Ying1*，WANG Ning1，CHENG Zi-Meng1,2 — 2016/3/9 12:25:27
To investigate the in vitro antibacterial activities of 80% ethanol extracts from 10 Chinese herbal medicines against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its resistant strains, the drug-resistance spectrum of 7 P. aeruginosa stains isolated from the clinical sputum samples was determined by the Kirby-Bauer (K-B) method. The dried powder of the collected 10 Chinese herbal medicine samples were extracted with 80 % ethanol and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure to get the Chinese herbal medicines ethanol extracts. The ethanol extracts were suspended in deioned water, then petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-BuOH were used to extract successively. The activities of each extract against P. aeruginosa were screened of inhibition zone diameters (IZDs) by the agar-diffusion methods, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were further determined by serial microdilution method. The data showed that of the 10 Chinese herbal medicines, the ethyl acetate extracts from Mallotus philippensis showed the most active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its resistant strains, with IZDs ranging by 10－17 mm, and the MICs and MBC ranging by 0.125－0.5 mg•mL-1, respectively. The activities of n-BuOH and water extracts were slightly weaker, whereas the petroleum ether extracts showed no activities against P. aeruginosa and its resistant strains. The ethyl acetate extracts from Garcinia cowa, Calophyllum polyanthum and Euphorbia lathyris, together with the ethanol extracts from Croton tiglium, Podocarpus macrophyllus and Cinnamomum cassia showed slightly weaker activities against P. aeruginosa and its resistant strains. The n-BuOH extracts from Calophyllum polyanthum, ethyl acetate extracts from Euphorbia lathyris and ethanol extracts from Illicium majus, and Curcuma aromatic all showed no activities against P. aeruginosa and its resistant strains. We could made a conclusion from those data that the ethyl acetate, n-BuOH and water extracts from M. philippensi. Arg had effective antibacterial activities against P. aeruginosa and its resistant strains, especially the ethyl acetate extracts showing the best activitity, compared with the others extracts,whereas the petroleum ether extracts showed no activities against P. aeruginosa and its resistant strains.

Difference of some important metabolites of flowering and non-flowering Chimonobambusa opienensis

2016/3/9 12:25:27
Chimonobambusa opienensis belongs to Gramineae Bambusoideae, growing in E'bian, Mabian, Ganluo Counties in Sichuan Province, distributed in the altitude 1 500-2 200 m, the total area 40 000 hm². The death area of C. opienensis reached at 90% in different sections in E'bian from 2010 to 2013 which made great financial loss for the local famers and at the same time threat on wild pandas. The bamboo shoots are not only important sources of income for local farmer and industry, but also staple food for first-grade state protection animal, panda. Multiple biochemical indexes were measured and analyzed in flowering and non-flowering plants of C. opienensis. With the help of the difference research Chlorophyll contents(by Absorption Photometry), fat contents(by null method of measurement), soluble sugars, starch and cellulose contents(by phenol-sulfuric acid method), soluble protein contents(by Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 staining), peroxidase(POD)liveness(by guaiacol colorimetric method), super-oxide dismutase(SOD)liveness(by pyrogallol autoxidation method)were determined. The results showed that the chlorophyll contents in the leaf and secondary branch decline were respectively 14.42% and 71.39%(P<0.05); the oil contents in the secondary branch and bough dropped 20.93% and 26.04%(P<0.05); the contents of soluble protein in the leaf and secondary branch fell 30.07% and 37.31%(P<0.05); but the contents of soluble sugar in the leaf and secondary branch went up 21.04% and 17.81%, starch rose 8.33% and 8.21% and cellulose increased by 17.62% and 8.52%(P<0.05); POD liveness in upper leaves went up 122.01%(P<0.05)in the flowering and non-flowering C. opienensis. The result illustrated that the blossoming of C. opienensis was associated with the change of organotrophy and biochemical indexes. The management control of bamboo growth in March could be realized by monitoring the chlorophyll contents in the leaf and secondary branch, the oil contents in the secondary branch and bough, the contents of soluble sugar, starch and cellulose in the leaf and secondary branch, the contents of soluble protein in the leaf and secondary branch and POD liveness in upper leaves. These would provide the references for further studying the C. opienensis flowering mechanism and postpone the flowering date.

Extraction and activity analysis of the protein in the decoction pieces of Chinese Angelica

2016/12/2 23:49:59
Chinese Angelica is one of the herbs most commonly used by Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)practitioners with the ability of “enrich the blood”. A large number of studies have been done on the polysaccharides and small molecules of Chinese Angelica while the protein composition and of Chinese Angelica are still barely known. In this research, crude extract in the decoction pieces of Chinese Angelica was obtained by 0.05 M Tris-HCl(pH = 8.0)buffer extraction and tissue homogenates. Protein of the decoction pieces of Chinese Angelica was obtained by combination with ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis which could remove the polysaccharides and other small molecules such as reducing sugars in crude extract. The composition and the biological activity of the protein of Chinese Angelica were studied for the first time to evaluate their potential for development and application. The results showed that Angelica Pieces is high in protein. These protein's molecular weight range from 17.5 kDa to 90.7 kDa and the 17.5 kDa one was the highest at content, amounting to 47%. Almost all proteins were stable under the condition of pH 5-11 while only a few proteins with the molecular weight of 17.5 kDa survived under acidic conditions (pH 3). At least three proteins were stable at 80 ℃. Among those protein, the 17.5 kDa protein showed the best thermostability, which was stable on heat treatment(100 ℃). But some of the monomers of 17.5 kDa protein seemed to be cross linked to from an emerging one with the Mw bigger than 116 kDa during the process of boiling water bath. Protein of the decoction pieces of Chinese Angelica was proved to have the ability to scavenge DPPH radicals which was increased with the temperature and time of heat treatments. The highest ability was presented under pH conditions of 5.0 and declined under other pH conditions. In addition, protein of the decoction pieces of Chinese Angelica was proved to have effects on normal cells and tumor cells. Results in vitro experiments showed that the proliferation of human normal hepatic cell line L02 cells was promoted significantly(1.0 - 4.0 mg·mL^-1,P<0.01)while that of human erythromyeloblastoid leukaemic cell line K562 was inhibited observably by these proteins(0.5-1.5 mg·mL^-1,P<0.01). With 1.0 mg·mL^-1 pretreatment of the protein, the proliferation of L-02 cells was enhanced to 550%(P<0.01), while the inhibitory rate of K562 cells reached 18.3%(P<0.01). In conclusion, the important biological activity of proteins of decoction pieces of Chinese Angelica was confirmed and a pharmaceutical protein with hepatic protective effect would be developed from these proteins.

Activity and mechanism of anticancer properties of mogrol

2016/12/2 23:50:00
Mogrol is the aglycone of mogrosides, and it is reported that Mogroside V has good cancer prevention and anti-cancer efficacy. This study was to explore the inhibitroy effects of mogrol against proliferation of human nasopharyngeal cancer CNE1 cells, and the molecular mechanism of apoptosis induced by mogrol. The inhibitory activities of different tumor cells were assessed by MTT assay. The concentration-dependent inhibition by mogrol on the most sensitive CNE1 cells were further studied. Cell clonogenicity was detected by colonyforming assay to further verification the inhibition of mogrol on the proliferation of CNE1 cells. And the apoptosis was examined by Annexin V/PI double staining. To further analyze the apoptosis mechanism of cell apoptosis, we detected the Caspase-3, Survivin, Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression levels in CNE1 cells after treating with mogrol by real time-PCR. The results showed that mogrol could significantly inhibit the proliferation of DU145, HepG2, A549, CNE1, CNE2 cells, the inhibitory effect of CNE1 cells was the most significant and in a dose-dependent manner, the IC₅₀ was(81.48 ± 4.73)μmol·L^-1. The colonyforming assay also verified that mogrol could inhibit the proliferation of CNE1 cells. Apoptosis of CNE1 cells was examined by Annexin V/PI double staining, the apoptosis rate was increased with concentration. Real time-PCR showed that mogrol could promote the expression of Caspase-3, Bax genes and inhibit the expression of survivin, Bcl-2 genes. Therefore, mogrol can probably induce the apoptosis of tumor cells, and result in anti-tumor activity, by promoting the expression of Caspase-3, Bax and other pro-apoptotic genes and inhibiting the expression of survivin Bcl-2 and other anti-apoptotic genes.

Hepatoprotective activity and chemical constituents of the aqueous methanol extract of Wahlenbergia marginata

2016/12/2 23:50:00
Lanhuashen is the roots or herbs of Wahlenbergia marginata(Campanulaceae). This medicinal plant is useful in clinic for the treatment of heptatis, but there was no report about its hepatoprotective activity. The objective of this study is to explore the active components of W. marginata and to investigate the effects of its aqueous methanol extract against acute liver injury of mice. The whole plant of W. marginata was extracted by aqueous methanol(80%)at room temperature, and the concentrate was freeze-dried to afford a solid extract. An acute liver injury model of mice induced by Concanavalin A was established. The model mice were given bifendatatum and the extract of W. marginata respectively. The ALT/AST in blood serum were determined,and the morphology changes of hepatic tissue were observed by HE. The results showed that the extract of W. marginata reduced the activity of ALT/AST in blood serum of acute liver injury of mice, and relieved the damage of liver pathological tissue. In order to find out the active components, the water-soluble part of the extract was studied primarily, and five compounds were obtained by repeated column chromatography over silica gel, RP-C₁₈, MCI and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectral analysis including 1D and 2D NMR spectrum, as well as comparison with literature data. Compound 1 was elucidated to be a new natural product and named wahlenoside D. The known compounds were identified as demethyl syringin(2), 3,5-dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3),rutin(4)and isovitexin(5), in which, compounds 3-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time. This work provides a scientific evidence for the hepatoprotective activity of W. marginata, and the mechanism would be studied further in future.

Chemical constituents from underground part of Astragalus camptodontoides

2016/12/2 23:50:00
For understanding the chemical constituents of Astragalus camptodontoides, nineteen compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the methanol extract of underground part. By physical-chemical properties and spectroscopic date, their structures were identified as isobavachin(1), 4'-hydroxyisolonchocarpin(2), 5-deoxyeuchrenone(3), shinflavanone(4), khonklonginols H(5), 4'-O-methylpreglabridin(6), 3'-hydroxy-4'-O-methylglabridin(7), 4'-O-methylglabridin(8), 8-prenyl-phaseollinisoflavan(9), xambioona(10), glabrol(11), glyasperin H(12), methylnissolin(13), phthalic acid isodibutyl ester(14), butul isobutyl phthalate(15), β-sitosterol(16), daucosterol(17), oleanic acid(18), and(2S,3S,4R,9E)-1,3,4-trihydroxy-2- [(2'R)-2'-hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-9-octadecene(19). All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, including compounds 1-7 obtained from Astragalus genus for the first time.

HS-SPME/GC-MS analysis of the aroma components from flower buds of Liubao tea plant

2016/12/2 23:50:00
The tea plant flowers of indigenous species in Liubao, Guangxi were characteristic with long florescence, high yield and rich fragrance, but its chemical composition has not been reported for the development and utilization of flower resource. The aroma components in flower buds of three kinds of tea plants, Dayezhong, Zhongyezhong and Xiaoyezhong were analyzed by HS-SPME/GC-MS. The relative contents of the chemical constituents were determined by area normalization method. Totally 37, 32 and 45 aroma compounds were identified from Dayezhong, Zhongyezhong and Xiaoyezhongin Liubaowhich accounted for 99.75%, 99.02% and 99.45% of the total aroma components, respectively. The main constituents in the Dayezhong were Acetophenone, 4-Methyl-1,5-Heptadiene, Benzoic acid, methyl ester, Guaia-3,9-diene, cis-Linaloloxide, Cedarene,Methyl salicylate, d-Cadinene, 1-amino-Cyclopentanemethanol,In the Zhongyezhong were Acetophenone,Perillene,(1S)-(+)-3-Carene,(+)-α-Elemene,Benzoic acid ethyl ester,Seychellene,α-Copaene,Neoclovene,Ylangene,cis-Linaloloxideand acetophenone,Perillene,Ocimene,(+)-α-Elemene, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-9-methylene-(+)- α-ElemenBicyclo[4.4.0]dec-1-ene, Cubenol,α-Acoradiene,α-Bisabolene,Ylangene,Benzoic acidethyl ester in the Xiaoyezhong. Acetophenone was the characteristic compounds among the three kinds of tea plants which constituted their unique aroma along with other components. The study provides scientific support for exploitation and utilization of flowers buds of the tea plants.

Screening and characterization of phosphate dissolving endophytic bacteria from Cinnamomum longepaniculatum

2016/12/2 23:50:00
Screening endophytic strains with phosphate-dissolving and exploring the characterization of growth promoting and resistance were conducive to broad the phosphate dissolving microbial resources, to develop microbial fertilizers, to improve soil phosphorus nutritious and to increase agricultural yield. We isolated 50 endophytic bacteria from interior tissues of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum, and 24 phosphate dissolving endophytic bacteria strains were screened using phosphate solubilizing zone(PKO)inorganic culture medium, subsequently, the capacity of dissolving phosphorus of 24 strains were determined by phosphor-molybdate blue color methods, and the characteristics benefited to plant-microbe interaction-indoleacetic acid(IAA), siderophore, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase(ACC)and chitosanase activities were also evaluated. The results showed that 24 strains could release phosphate from tricalcium phosphate with the range of dissolving phosphate from 51.26 μg·mL^-1 to 237.0 μg·mL^-1, and the maximum phosphate content in the solution was obtained with strain YG60. Among 24 strains, 6 strains(YG60, YG43, YG36, YG25, YG49, YG44)showed the higher phosphate solubilization capacity(237.08, 211.53, 180.68, 166.85, 151.28, 150.20 μg·mL^-1 respectively). Furthermore, 24 strains could decrease the pH of the medium with the pH value range from 4.5 to 5.5, and the relationship between pH and phosphorus solubizition was also discussed; however, there were no close relationship between them. The further experimental results showed that most of the 6 strains with higher phosphate dissolving capacity had the ability to produce IAA and siderophores, and had ACC deaminase and chitosanase activity. Among them, YG43, YG60 and YG25 possessed higher IAA producing capacity(22.55, 18.75 and 16.41 μg·mL^-1 respectively); YG43 and YG60 possessed higher siderophores of As/Ar<0.6(0.459, 0.579 respectively ); YG43, YG60 and YG25 had strong ACC deaminase activity(0.194, 0.224, 0.208 U·mg^-1),YG43 and YG60 had strong chitosanase activity(2.968 U,2.502 U). In terms of all the properties of dissolving phosphate, secreting IAA, siderophores, ACC deaminase and chitosanase, strains YG43, YG60 and YG25 isolated from interior tissues of C. longepaniculatum have abundant biological characteristics related to plant growth promotion, stress homeostasis regulation and biocontrol activity. They are possible to be further developed as excellent strains for application.

Pharmacognosy and GC of Alpiniae zerumbet fructus

2017/8/27 16:49:46
Alpiniae zerumbe was a traditional medicinal medicine in Guizhou minority areas,which was the first large product of Guizhou “Southern Medicine”, and also an important economic plant for controlling rocky desertification. The natural resources of A. zerumbe were very rich, and as a common spice plant resource, but has not yet seen the research report about pharmacognosy on A. zerumbe. The systematic study on the pharmacognosy and the determination of content by GC of the national medicine fructus of A. zerumbe. The results showed that the peel had 12-20 longitudinal ridge uplift,and a perianth protrusions with the top of fructus. The seed was divided into three petals from the white septum, and each petal with 8-20 seeds which easy to scattered. The microscopic identification results were as follows: seed cross-section containing 1-2 oil cells, endosperm cells containing starch granules, and a small amount of fine calcium oxalate crystal. There were thread duct, calcium oxalate crystal, starch granules, sclereid and so on which in the powder of A. zerumbe. And the average contents of α-pinene, camphene, β-pinene and 1,8-eucalyptol were 4.292%, 3.966%, 9.703% and 27.171% determined by GC. The character and microscopic identification method of this experiment were accurate, simple and easy to use, which can be used as the basis for the identification of the fructus of A. zerumbe. The method of determination of GC content was good reproducibility and the result was accurate and reliable, and could be used for the determination of volatile oil of fructus of A. zerumbe.

Determination and analysis on nutrients of Haplocladium microphyllum

2017/8/27 16:49:46
In order to provide theoretical information for the effective utilization value of the moss Haplocladium microphyllum(Hedw.)Broth., we measured the general components included total sugar, crude fat, crude protein and ash. The compositions and contents of amino acids in moss were determined by automatic amino acid analyzer. For making known the content and composition of fatty acids in moss oil and then offering reference to the reasonable exploitation, we made the analysis on fatty acid content and construction variation of fatty acid with high performance gas chromatography. We determined mineral element contents by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, and analyzed the stem and leaf elemental distribution and average mass fraction by SEM X-ray microanalysis method. The results showed that total sugar in H. microphyllum reached up to 16.11%, the contents of crude protein and ash were 11.20% and 23.34%, respectively. The amino acid composition of protein was in balance with EAA/TAA 27.70% and the ratio of EAA to NEAA 0.38. In H. microphyllum, there was the limiting amino acid histidine with SRC 12.96. The content of medicinal amino acid was 62.12% of total amino acid, and the contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine and leucine were relatively higher in eighteen kinds of amino acids. The crude fat content in H. microphyllum was 0.32% with the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids as 38.21%. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was 0.74. The content of palmitic acid was the highest, followed by acidum linoleicum and alpha-linolenic acid, while arachidonic acid and docoshexaenoic acid were relatively high in unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the mineral element contents of the moss were very rich and various. As the beneficial trace elements, the contents of K, Ca, Mg, P and Fe were relatively high. Between stem and leaf, the elemental composition was the same, but average mass fraction was slightly different. The distribution of chemical elements in stem was uniform, similar to that of the leaf. Therefore, H. microphyllum was a biological resource to be developed, which contained lower fats and proteins, richer minerals and higher sugars.

HPLC fingerprints of ethyl acetate parts of five traditional Chinese medicines

2017/8/27 16:49:46
We established the HPLC fingerprints of ethyl acetate parts from five traditional Chinese medicines(Alpinia officinarum, A. galanga, A. katsumadai, A. galangal and A. oxyphylla)to study the similarities and differences with the original chemical compositions of Chinese medicines, and to explore the correlation between the genetic relationship and chemical compositions. We firstly analyzed by 95% ethanol extractive, and then explored the correlation between the genetic and chemical compositions using their extractive. The analyzed condition was as follows: C18 column(250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm)by gradient elution with acetonitrile, 0.1% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min^-2, the detection wavelength at 260 nm and column temperature at 30 ℃. The data were evaluated using the “similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of TCM” software. The similarities of ethyl acetate parts chemical compositions were as follows: 0.955, 0.805, 0. 371, 0.794 and 0.345. The study showed a certain similarity between the chemical compositions in ethyl acetate parts with fingerprints characteristic peak. And the results may indicated high similarity among A. officinarum, A. galangal and A. katsumadai, while low similarity between Alpinia galanga and A. oxyphylla in fingerprints. The established HPLC fingerprint chromatogram of five traditional Chinese medicines was precise, reproducible and stable. In this study, the resulted also identified the nine common peaks, six strong peaks. The spectrum showed that A. officinarum and A. galangal share five common peaks; A. officinarum and A. galangal share three common peaks; A. galangal and A. galanga share two common peaks; A. officinarum and A. oxyphylla share three common peaks. The results showed that the method was stable, time-saving and reliable. The original chemical compositions have a certain correlation between traditional Chinese medicines(TCM). This study provides the information for exploring the relevance on genetic relationship of TCM and chemical compositions in Alpinia.

Antibacterial activity of mycelial culture from Antrodia cinnamomea

2017/8/27 16:49:46
Antrodia cinnamomea is an rare edible and medicinal fungus that has great potential useful value. In this study, malt extract broth liquid medium were selected to culture the mycelium of A. cinnamomea. Mycelium of A. cinnamomea was cultured in liquid malt extract at 150 r·min^-1 for 60 d, and the primary extract was obtained by extracting culture of A. cinnamomea with ethyl acetate. Meanwhile inoculating inhibition zone was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of primary extract and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)was determined. The result showed the primary extract of A. cinnamomea cultured in liquid malt extract broth had significant antibacterial activity against the thirteen kinds of pathogenic bacteria(Bacillus cereus, B. lentus, Streptcococcus agalactiae, Bacillus pumilus, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Straphylococcus haemolyticus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella paratyphi B, Escherichia coli). The MIC of five kinds of bacteria(Bacillus lentus, B. pumilus, B. subtilis, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Micrococcus luteus)were less than 80 μg·mL^-1. The least of MIC of Antrodia cinnamomea extractive against Micrococcus luteus could reach 66.5 μg·mL^-1. The influence of culture time to antibacterial activity was also detected. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of mycelial culture from Antrodia cinnamomea increased with the culture time in creasing. Mycelia of A. cinnamomea could be cultured in liquid medium and could produce effective components, this discovery provides information for development and utilization of A. cinnamomea.

Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of Litsea cubeba kernel oil by response surface methodology

2017/8/27 16:49:46
Based on the single factor experiment, several independent variables were analyzed for the optimization of extraction conditions of Litsea cubeba kernel oil with response surface analysis methodology under microwave-assisted, in order to establish a higher yield extraction method on the best possible extract rate of L. cubeba kernel oil, inciuding liquid to solid ratio, microwave power, extraction time and extraction temperature. The quadratic regression model equation was established to describe the extraction process. The results showed that optimum conditions of L. cubeba kernel oil extraction were that liquid to solid ratio was 1:16, extraction temperature was 69 ℃, microwave power was 337 W, and extraction time was 63 min. The extraction rate of L. cubeba kernel oil under the condition was up to 37.42%, and 30.11% improvement in the extraction rate was obtained than the cyclohexane solvent refluxing method. The results of GC-MS analysis showed that the main components of L. cubeba kernel oil had sixteen components for 88.21% of the total composition, ten kinds of fatty acids were identified, accounting for about 78.24% of the total. Four kinds of saturated fatty acids made up 43.23% of the total, the other six kinds of unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 35.01%. The highest content of fatty acids was lauric acid 31.36%. It indicates that using microwave-assisted extraction of oil from litsea cubeba kernel is feasible.

Spectrum-effect relationship on expectorant efficacy of Siraitia grosvenorii

2017/5/31 21:28:37
In order to investigate the relationship between expectorant efficacy and active components of Siraitia grosvenorii, the phenol red secretion of trachea in mice and the HPLC fingerprint of S. grosvenorii extract were determined. Grey relational analysis was applied to confirm the contribution degree of each common peak from HPLC fingerprints for expectoration efficacy, while partial least-squares regression(PLS)was utilized to confirm either positive or negative relationship, and to identify the contribution degree of S. grosvenorii extract. The results indicated that fourteen common peaks were chosen in HPLC fingerprints, including twelve peaks with relation rate higher than 0.8(No.3, 11, 12, 13 peaks were positive correlation peaks, and No.1, 2, 4-10, 14 peaks were negative correlation peaks), No.11 and 12 peaks were Oxomogroside V and Mogroside V respectively. Therefore, expectorant efficacy of S. grosvenorii is contributed by a combined action of multi-components rather than one component. Oxomogroside V and Mogroside V have an expectorant efficacy and high contribution degree.

Application of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on selecting the cultivation method of Gentiana rigescens

2017/5/31 21:28:37
Medicinal plants are the resources of traditional Chinese medicines(TCM), and selecting appropriate cultivation method is conductive to guarantee the quality of TCM from the source. In this research, in order to select optimal cultivation method for the Gentiana rigescens, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy combined with chemometrics was used for analyzing the G. rigescens which were cultivated through sowing in drill, broadcast sowing, transplanting after root pruning, cutting and transplanting after pruning. The results were as follows:(1)Original FTIR spectra of G. rigescens from different cultivation methods had some differences in shape, position and intensity of peak. After preprocessed with the wavelet denoising, the spectral data were analyzed by partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA), and samples with different cultivation methods could be distinguished well. The results of PLS-DA demonstrated that samples with the same cultivation method could be grouped well. It suggested that the difference between chemical constituents and content of G. rigescens with the same cultivation method were relatively low. The G. rigescens through sowing(sowing in drill and broadcast sowing)were relatively close, so were the G. rigescens through transplanting(root pruning, cutting and pruning). However, samples by sowing were far from that of transplanting. It showed that cultivation method influence the accumulation of chemical constituents of G. rigescens.(2)The total content of four main components in G. rigescens was decreased in the order of pruning, root pruning, broadcast sowing, sowing in drill and cutting, and was significantly higher in samples through pruning than that of others except for root pruning(P<0.05). The G. rigescens through pruning could obtain optimum quality.(3)Based on the reference data performed by liquid chromatography, orthogonal signal correction-partial least squares(OSC-PLS)models were established for predicting the content of gentiopicroside, loganic acid, swertiamarin and sweroside in G. rigescens from different cultivation methods. Both of the determination coefficients(R²)of calibration and validation sets were above 0.90, root mean square error of estimation(RMSEE), root mean squared error of cross-validation(RMSECV)and RMSEP were below 1.65. It demonstrated that the models showed good linear correlation and prediction accuracy. It provides the reference for the popularization and application of infrared spectroscopy in the field of TCM.

Vibralactone derivatives from Stereum hirsutum FP-91666

2017/5/31 21:28:37
In order to study the secondary metabolites of Stereum hirsutum FP-91666, four vibralactone derivatives were isolated from YMG fermentation broth products of this strain —— one new vibralactone derivative, vibralactone R(1), together with three known vibralactones(2-4)—— by the methods of silica gel chromatography, gel chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC and so on. The new structure was elucidated by spectroscopic data including HR-ESI-MS experiments, 1D and 2D NMR.

Chemical constituents and bioactivity of Xanthium sibiricum

2017/5/31 21:28:37
We studied the chemical constituents and bioactivity of Xanthium sibiricum, and fourteen compounds were isolated from the PE and EtOAc extract by the methods of column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, semi-prepared HPLC, and recrystallization. The structures were elucidated by the analysis of spectral data and physical-chemical properties and identified as anisic acid(1), taraxerol(2), lupeol(3), ursolic acid(4), stimastero(5), oleanolic acid(6), lasidiol p-methoxybenzoate(7), lupe-none(8), xanthatin(9), α-spinasterol(10), quercetin(11), xanthinosin(12), apigenin(13)and oleanic acid(14); Compounds 2,7,8 were isolated from Xanthium sibiricum for the first time. The compounds were tested by plate diffusion method for the inhibitory effect of different strains. The results showed that the compounds taraxerol(2), lupe-none(8), xanthatin(9)and xanthinosin(12)displayed antibacterial activity to Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum. sp. susumebrium, Botrytis cinerea and Cytospora sp.

Analysis of chemical constituents by GC-MS and antioxidant capacity on essential oil from Tulbaghia violacea

2017/5/31 21:28:37
The essential oils of Tulbaghia violacea were obtained from different organs by steam distillation(SD)and solid phase microextraction(SPME), which were analyzed by gaschromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS), and the antioxidant activities of the essential oils were also investigated through the measurement of DPPH scavenging activity and total antioxidant capacity. The results showed that the compositions of the essential oils and their relative contents in different organs of T. violacea were significantly different, and totally sixteen compounds were indentified through two methods. Most of the ingredients in volatile oil were sulfide or sulfur compounds, accounting for more than 80% of the total composition, and the relative content of Disulfide, bis(2-sulfhydrylethyl)-was the highest. Some consitituents of the essential oils were valuable for pharmaceutical and for the production of spices. SPME was more effective for extraction of alcohols, aldehydes and esters, and SD was better for sulfur, sulfide and terpenoids extraction. IC₅₀ for the essential oils on scavenging DPPH was 17.46 mg·mL^-1 and the scavenging rate against DPPH free radicals could reach 54.86%. The essential oils of T. violacea maintained higher antioxidant capacity than L-ascorbic acid. Our analysis on the compositions and their relative contents of essential oils in T. violacea provides the information for further utilization of this plant.

Isolation, identification and antitumor activity of endophytic fungi in Taxilli herba from Salix babylonica in Guangxi

2017/5/31 21:28:37
Taxilli herba, the branches with leaves of T. chinensis(DC.)Danser, is a traditionally used Chinese medicine. T. herba has been used to cure powerless bones and tendons, cancer, virus infection, rheumatic arthralgia and so on. However, the endophytic fungi of T. herba has never been studied previously. In this article, the diversity of endophytic fungi in T. herba from Salix babylonica and their antitumor activity were researched. Endophytic fungi were isolated and purified from healthy stems, leaves and roots of Taxilli herba from Salix babylonica in Qinzhou and Guangxi, China. They were identified by morphological characterization firstly, and then the DNA of endophytes was extracted and subjected to ITS sequence analysis. The antitumor activity of ethyl acetate extracts from eight endophytic fungi was tested by MTT method using cancer cell A549 and H460. After preliminary separation, 27 strains of endophytes were isolated from Taxilli herba, and they belong to seven orders, nine genera and fifteen species respectively. Two strains, jin2 and jin30, share sequence max identity of ≤97% with available ITS sequences in NCBI database, and they formed a independent clade in Phylogenetic tree of ITS-rDNA sequences of existing fungi. Therefore, jin2 and jin30 maybe identified as novel species. Pestalotiopsis and Diaporthe were the preponderant genera [accounting for colonization frequencies(CF)25.9% for each], and all the strains of Pestalotiopsis were isolated from roots. The isolating frequency of Neofusicoccum, Phomopsis and Guignardia were fewer, with three strains for each respectively. Other rare isolated fungi were Penicillium, Fusarium, Colletotrichum and Peyronellaea, with one strain for each. Tissue specificity of endophytes was also observed. For example, Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. colonized roots exclusively, Diaporthe arecae, Colletotrichum sp. can only colonized stems, and Guignardia sp. and Peyronellaea sp. only colonized leaves. The antitumor activity showed that one strain, which most related to Pestalotiopsis protearum with ITS sequence similarity at 100%, inhibited the growth of A549 and H460. The ethyl acetate extracts from fungus Gen24 inhibited the growth of A549 and H460 cell at concentration of 800 μg·mL^-1, with the inhibiting rate to A549 reached 56.92%, and the inhibiting rate to H460 reached 70.11%. Our research showed the diversity of endophytes from Taxilli herba, and the antitumor endophytes and compounds can be further studied.

Diterpenoids from Calocedrus macrolepis and their anti-inflammatory activities

2017/5/31 21:28:37
To study the diterpenoids from Calocedrus macrolepis and their anti-inflammatory activities, the constituents were separated by silica gel, MCI, RP-18, semi-preparative HPLC and eight compounds were isolated. Their structures were characterized as: 8-hydroxy-labda-13(16),14-dien-19-yl trans-coumarate(1), trans-communal(2), trans-communic acid(3), pinusolidic acid(4), isocupressic acid(5), fokihodgin F(6), acetylisocupressic acid(7), 15,16-dihydroxy-labda-8(17),13(E)-dien-19-oic acid(8). Compounds 1-8 were obtained from this plant for the first time. Among them, Compound 7 exhibited potent inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-induced macrophages with IC₅₀ values of 9.31 μmol·L^-1.

Kinetics of DPPH· free radical scavenging activity of Dictyota dichotoma polysaccharides

2017/5/31 21:28:37
In order to study the kinetics of DPPH· free radical scavenging activity of Dictyota dichotoma polysaccharides, the polysaccharide was prepared which was extracted from Dictyotadichotoma by ultrasonic-assisted technology, ethanol precipitation, deproteinization, decolorization and desiccation, and the effects of mass concentration and reaction time on DPPH· free radical scavenging activity of Dictyotadichotoma polysaccharides, low(0.1 mg·mL^-1), medium(0.25 mg·mL^-1)and high(0.5 mg·mL^-1)concentrations were investigated. And the reaction kinetic model was established based on first-order and second-order reaction kinetic sequation, respectively. The mass concentration and reaction time significantly affected the DPPH· free radical scavenging activity of Dictyotadichotoma polysaccharides. Dictyotadichotoma polysaccharides of high concentration scavenged DPPH· was more quickly than that of lower concentration. The highest DPPH· scavenging rate of Dictyota dichotoma polysacharides was 86.06% when the mass concentration was 0.5 mg·mL^-1 and the reaction time was 20 minutes which half maximal inhibitory concentration( IC₅₀)was 0.25 mg·mL^-1. The fitting correlation coefficient(R²)of first-order and second-order reaction kinetics equation were 0.848-0.891 and 0.902-0.967, respectively, indicating that second-order was better than first-order model in representing DPPH· free radical scavenging activity of Dictyotadichotoma polysaccharides. The second-order elimination rate constants(k₂)for three different concentrations(0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 mg·mL^-1)of Dictyotadichotoma polysaccharides were 0.011, 0.054, 0.421, respectively. In conclusion, the scavenging ability of Dictyotadichotoma polysaccharides to DPPH· was stronger when its concentration was higher, and the scavenging ability of Dictyotadichotoma polysaccharides to DPPH· was evaluated by elimination rate constants(k₂)and half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC₅₀). The activity of antioxidative was better and better when k₂was bigger and bigger and IC₅₀was smaller and smaller, which conformed the results of experiments.

Pigment analysis on different colors of leaves from Malus sieboldii

2017/12/28 18:19:56
Malus sieboldii is a kind of plant with great ornamental value for its abundant colors in the autumn. Green, yellow and red leaves of M. sieboldii with obvious difference in leaf color were taken as experimental materials. The species and contents of pigments were detected by UV photo-spectrometer and HPLC-DAD and the relevant causes of leaf color change were analyzed afterwards. The experimental results indicated that the main pigments in the leaves of M. sieboldii were chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin(mainly Cyanidin-3-galactoside). In red leaves of M. sieboldii, the coloration was significantly related to the changes in anthocyanin content, whereas the coloration of yellow leaves was closely related to changes in chlorophyll content, as well as changes in the chlorophyll and carotenoid ratio. On the other hand, green coloration in the green leaves of M. sieboldii was attributed to extremely high chlorophyll content. Color changes of M. sieboldii leaves during fall could be attributed to multiple factors, and the most direct factor was the change of pigment content and ratio. As auxiliary pigments, mono-phenols were found to play a supporting role in the fineness of leaves. Furthermore, the total flavonoids content(from high to low)were red, yellow and green in three species of leaves of M. sieboldii.

Effects of L-arabinose on modulating levels of uric acid in mouse

2017/12/28 18:19:56
To study the effects of L-arabinose on modulating levels of uric acid in hyperuricemia and normal mice. L-arabinose were administrated to hyperuricemia mice and normal mice. Mice models with hyperuricemia were induced with oxonic acid potassium salt and hypoxanthine or with oxonic acid potassium salt and uric. We determinated levels of urate excreted. We also measured levels of uric acid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, creatinine, urea nitrogen in serum, xanthine oxidase activity in liver and small intestine, liver index, kindey index and spleen index. The results showed that L-arabinose could promote uric acid excretion, but had no effect on serum levels of uric acid in normal mice; could promote serum levels of uric acid, but had no effect on uric acid excretion in mice models with hyperuricemia induced with oxonic acid potassium salt and hypoxanthine; had no effect on uric acid excretion and serum levels of uric acid in mice models with hyperuricemia induced with oxonic acid potassium salt and hypoxanthine uric. This indicates that L-arabinose has no effect on normal serum levels of uric acid; but can promote serum levels of uric acid in mice models with hyperuricemia induced with oxonic acid potassium salt and hypoxanthine.

Chemical constituents from Thamnolia vermicularis in Lijiang

2017/12/28 18:19:56
Thamnolia vermicularis is a kind of lichen tea plants, which grows in Alpine moss belt above 4 000 meters high, so it is naturally wild and can not be artificially cultivated. As a beverage, snow tea can be soaked alone and also serves as tea. It has the effects of clearing heat, quenching thirst, clearing liver and improving vision. In order to cla-rify the chemical constituents of T. vermicularis, methanol extracts of T. vermicularis were isolated by column chromatography and thin layer chromatography. We got nine compounds, the chemical structures were determined by spectral analysis as follows: 2-hydroxy-n-tetracosanoic acid-1-methyl ester(3), 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methylphenol(4), 2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester(5), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid-3-methyl ester(6), Ergosta-7,22-E-dien-3β-ol(7), Ergosta-5, 8, 22E-trien-3β-ol(8), β-Sitosterol(9), and two new compounds 8,11,14,17-tetrahydroxy-4,4,20,20-tetramethyl-1,23-tricosandioic acid dimethyl ester(1)and 8,11,14,17-tetrahydroxy-4,4,20,20-tetramethyl-1,24-tetracosandioic acid-24-methyl ester(2). Compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 were firstly reported for this plant. All these can provide information for utilization for this plant.

Content determination of flavonoids from the fruit seed of Abelmoschus esculentus by UPLC-QqQ-MS

2017/12/28 0:00:00
The ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-QqQ-MS)was applied to establish the rapid detection method for Abelmoschus esculentus flavonoids. This method can apply to qualify the products of A. esculentus. Rutin, baicalin, quercetin, baicalein, naringenin were selected as the standard compounds. The chromatographic separation was done on a ACCHROM UNITARY C18(2.1 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm)in gradient elution with a mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)and formic acid aqueous solution(B)(0.1%,W/W)as follows: 80%B-60%B(0-4 min), 60%B(4-10 min), 60%B-55%B(10-12 min), 5%B(12.1-18 min), 5%B-80%B(18-20 min), 80%B(20.1-25 min). The MS parameters were set up as: collision energy, 34 eV for baicalein, 22 eV for naringenin, 30 eV for quercerin, 18 eV for baicalin and 34 eV for rutin. The results showed good linearity for five flavonoids with R² values ranging from 0.998 4-0.999 8. Extraction of A. esculentus was prepared by Ultrasonic method with 75% ethanol, 1:10 ratio of material to liquid, ultrasonic 75 min. The recoveries rang from 87.23% to 101.91%(RSD varied from 0.61% to 6.61%). The content of these flavonoids in fruit seed of A. esculentus were detected. The method is rapid and has high sensitivity, high accuracy and good specificity. It provides the basic experimental method for the flavonoids of A. esculentus

Interaction between bovine serum albumin and N-trans-feruloyltyramine from Kochia scoparia

2017/12/28 18:19:56
Kochia scoparia, also called broom seedlings, broom dishes and peacock pine, is an annual herb of genus Kockia in family chenopodiaceae. The seedlings of K. scoparia are wild vegetables with high protein, low fat and rich potassium and carotene. As a widely distributed plant in china, K. scoparia is eaten as traditional wild herbs. However, there is little research and development on its medicinal value. The N-trans-feruloyltyramine from K. scoparia was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography. The interavtion mechanism between N-trans-feruloyltyramine and bovine serum albumin(BSA)was investigated by UV and fluorescence spectrometry. The quenching constant, binding constant and binding sites were obtained by analyzing quenching data based on Stern-Volrner equation. The results showed that the fluorescence of BSA was quenched by N-trans-feruloyltyramine by a static quenching process strong interaction between N-trans-feruloyltyramine and BSA could be stored and transported by protein. The results of this experiment provide some theoretical information for the further development and medicinal value of Kochia scoparia resources.

Identification of an endophytic strain from Ziziphus jujube and preliminary separation of its antimicrobial active substances

2018/12/3 14:54:13
The purpose of this study was to identify endophytic strains from Ziziphus jujube and analyze the active components of their metabolites for the development and production of drugs. Wild Ziziphus jujube plants from North Shaanxi were adopted as experimental materials, and endophyte strains were isolated by approaches of tissue separation and streak plate, then they were screened and tested on the bacteriostatic activity by adopting indicators of seven strains from face-to-face cultivation in PDA media. The fermentation liquor of antagonistic strain was detected using thin layer, chromatography(TLC)and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The experimental results showed that a total number of 121 strains of endophytes were isolated from Ziziphus jujube, including 49 strains of endophytic bacteria, 6 strains of endophytic actinomycetes, and 66 strains of endophytic fungi. Among of them, 54 strains(33 bacteria and 21 fungi)had obvious antagonistic activity against 1-7 indicative bacteria, accounting for 44.63% of the total, and six strains(A-04, A-05, B-03, C-03, C-06 and D-04)had a broad spectrum of antibacterial and antibacterial activity against seven strains of indicator microbes. Results from the analysis of TLC and HPLC showed that liquor in B-03 strain has the same color band with the migration rate of Ziziphus jujube extract in R_f value of 0.46, and its belonged to flavonoids. According to 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis. The similarity between strain B-03 and Bacillus axarquiensis was 99%. The strain of B-03 could produce flavonoids or similar compounds, which showed that the endophytes from Ziziphus jujube had the potential ability to produce new drugs of flavonoids.

Comparative analysis of aromatic components from different cultivars of Osmanthus fragrans in Guilin

2018/12/3 14:54:13
In this paper, in order to investigate the difference of aromatic components in different cultivars of Osmanthus fragrans in Guilin, the volatile components and relative contents in owers of twelve cultivars were determined by solid phase microextraction(SPME)and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The results showed that 49 volatile compounds were identified in twelve cultivars, including 31 terpenoids, ten fatty acid-derived and other lipophylic flavor compounds, four benzenoids compounds and four nitrogen-containing compounds. And the terpenoids numbers in four groups and twelve cultivars all were the most, and their total relative content of all terpenoids was also the highest(82.28%-94.83%). Further analysis, there were the same six aromas constituents for all cultivars, but there were some different aromas constituents or different relative content for the same constituent in the different cultivars, such as it was the most abundant in ‘Longhuai Jingui'(34.89%), while the β-ionone was not exist in ‘Xiangye Zhusha'. In addition, the major aromas constituents and there relative content were also not the same completely in different cultivars, such as the major constituents of ‘Longhuai Jingui' were β-ionone, trans-β-ocimene, linalool, cis-linalool oxide(pyranoid)and cis-linaloloxide; and the major constituents of ‘Yuetang Jingui' were β-ionone, linalool, dihydro-β-ionone, trans-β-ocimene, aminocyanoacetic acid, cis-linaloloxide, trans-β-ocimene and 2-aminobenzoate linalool. But the major constituents of ‘Xiangye Zhusha' were cis-linaloloxide, linalool, trans-β-ocimene, γ-decalactone, trans-β-ocimene and octane. There were eleven aromatic-active components determined in twelve cultivars altogether, and ten of them belonged to terpenoids. ‘Xiangye Zhusha' and ‘Tianxiang Taige'were the most abundant(about 60%)in the active components of linalools. Therefore, the terpenoids were the major aromas constituents for all cultivars of O. fragrans in Guilin, and there were some common and some different aromas constituents existed in different cultivars; ‘Longhuai Jingui' was more suitable to develop products about ocimenes and ionones; ‘Xiangye Zhusha' and ‘Tianxiang Taige' were more suitable to develop products about linalools.

A new method for quantitative analysis of flower scent of Siraitia grosvenorii

2018/12/3 14:54:13
The dioecious Siraitia grosvenorii is a famous edible and medicinal plant in Cucurbitaceae, and both the food parts and medicinal parts of this plant are their fruits. Because of the important economic value, it has been widely planted for a long history in Guilin, Guangxi, China. However, the problem of pollen limitation in S. grosvenorii is urgently needed to be solved. In order to study the relationship between flower scent substance and flower-visiting frequency, and to find out the reasons for pollen limitation, we collected the scent substance of fresh male flowers of S. grosvenorii by dynamic headspace adsorption technique. After elution of the absorption column, the eluent was concentrated by nitrogen blowing method. Subsequently, the concentrated eluent was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(GC-MS). In this process, the collection, concentration, separation and identification of the scent substance in male flowers of S. grosvenorii were conducted. Finally, the relative content of each substance was calculated by the peak area normalization method. Among the scent substance of S. grosvenorii male flowers, we totally found five terpenes, one aromatic hydrocarbons, one alkanes and one esters, in which the terpenes occupy a relative content of 71.07%, ranking the highest content. This result showed a high agreement with that of the previous studies on composition of floral scent substance in Cucurbitaceae plants, and had good experimental reapeatability. Further analysis showed that the experiment system in this study is a solid and efficient method for the quantitative analysis of S. grosvenorii flower, laying the important foundation for the floral scent research towards the pollen limitation in this plant.

In vitro antioxidant activity of aqueous extract and ethanol extract of Cercidiphyllum japonicum

2018/12/3 14:54:13
In order to study on the main components and antioxidation of Cercidiphyllum japonicum aqueous extract and ethanol extract, the secondary metabolites of C. japonicum leaf were extracted by aqueous extraction and ethanol extraction and the main components of aqueous extract and ethanol extract of C. japonicum were determined. The antioxidant effects of aqueous extract and ethanol extract of C. japonicum were evaluated by in vitro antioxidant assays, such as the ability of scavenging hydroxyl radical(·OH), the ability of scavenging DPPH free radical(DPPH·), the ability of scavenging superoxide anion(O₂^-·)and the ability of reducing iron ion(Fe³⁺). The results showed that the main components of the aqueous extract and the ethanol extract of C. japonicum both contain kaempferol. In addition, the main components of the aqueous extract of C. japonicum also contained flavonoids such as alfalfa and isoquercetin, and the main components of the ethanol extract of C. japonicum also contained flavonoids such as naringin and quercetin 3-O- β -dglucoside. The aqueous extract and the ethanol extract of C. japonicum both had the ability of scavenge hydroxyl radicals, DPPH free radicals, superoxide anions and the ability of reducing iron ion. The antioxidant effects of the aqueous extract and the ethanol extract of C. japonicum increased with the increasing concentrations, which was dose-dependent. Speci-fically, the ability of the aqueous extract and the ethanol extract of C. japonicum to scavenge superoxide anion(IC₅₀ values were 0.092 mg·mL^-1 and 0.002 mg·mL^-1 respectively)was stronger than that of positive control Vc(IC₅₀ value was 0.241 mg·mL^-1). Furthermore, the IC₅₀ value of the aqueous extract and the ethanol extract of C. japonicum on iron ion reducing power was relatively small(the IC₅₀ value of the aqueous extract was 0.014 mg·mL^-1; the IC₅₀ value of the ethanol extract was 0.001 mg·mL^-1), which indicated that the total antioxidant activity of C. japonicum extracts were strong. It can be seen that the aqueous extract and the ethanol extract of C. japonicum both have good antioxidant effects, and it can be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants.

Comparison of chemical constituent in Salvia miltiorrhiza from five different regions in Shaanxi Province by direct injection ESI-Q-TOF-MS

2019/4/26 14:11:34
An direct injection ESI-Q-TOF-MS analysis method was developed to value the chemical constituent in Salvia miltiorrhiza(Danshen)coming from Shangzhou, Luonan, Dali, Danfeng and Tongchuan in Shaanxi Province, through analyzing the MS abundance of water soluble and lipid soluble extracts and obvious variation in chemical constituent. The comparison among different abundances was beneficial to select the optimum planting area of Danshen. The results showed that all Danshen samples from five different regions had nine kinds of lipid soluble chemical constituent(Tanshinone I, Tanshinone ⅡA, Tanshinone ⅡB, Cryptotanshinone, Dihydrotanshinone, Danshenxinkun A, Danshenxinkun D, 2-Isopropyl-8-methylphenanthrene-3,4-dione and 7-beta-hydroxy-8-13- abietadiene-11,12-dione)and nine kinds of water soluble chemical constituent(danshensu, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, prolithospermic acid, lithospermic acid, protocatechuic acid, salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid B). The contents of danshensu, lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid B and cryptotanshinone were higher than other chemical constituent with a MS abundance of 30% at least. However, with the change of planting environment, the content of the same chemical constituents in Danshen varied greatly in different regions. More tanshinones with important biological activity existed in Danshen coming from Shangzhou, especially the MS abundance of Tanshinone I was as high as 72.6%, which was much higher than that in other four regions ranging from 1.8% to 11.3%. According to the comprehensive comparison, the quality of Danshen was ranged by Shangzhou > Tongchuan > Dali> Luonan> Danfeng. The direct injection ESI-Q-TOF-MS method was not easily affected by the growth environment and extraction conditions of the medicinal materials. It provides a scientific, reliable and convenient way to evaluate the medicine quality and a new way to formulate the specifications and grades of traditional Chinese medicine. The system is suitable for the chemical constituent of Danshen in Shaanxi Province.

Screening of antimicrobial activity of 23 Chinese herbal medicines in vitro

2019/4/26 14:11:34
In order to investigate the antimicrobial material base of Chinese herbal medicine and screen the active extracts, 80% ethanol cold soaking and 95% ethanol reflux extraction were used to prepare the extracts from 23 traditional Chinese herbs. The agar diffusion method was used to measure the inhibition zone diameters(IZDs), the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal / fungicidal concentration(MBC/MFC)were measured by the microdilution method to determine the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the extracts against four common clinical pathogenic microoranisms. The results showed that some of the 23 ethanol extracts had strong inhibitory effects, among which nine species like Callicarpa macrophylla, Flemingia philippinensis and Agrimonia pilosa extracts showed stronger inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus. The ranges of MICs/MBCs were between 0.09 and 3.12 mg·mL^-1, except for a small number of strains with the MIC/MBC at 12.5 mg·mL^-1. The extracts from five species like Flemingia philippinensis, Campylotropis hirtella, and Entada phyaseoloides showed stronger inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the ranges of MICs/MBCs were between 3.12 and 12.5 mg·mL^-1. The extracts from thirteen species like Callicarpa macrophylla, Senecio scandens and Piper wallichii showed stronger inhibition against Escherichia coli, the ranges of MICs/MBCs were between 0.09 and 6.25 mg·mL^-1. The extracts from Illicium verum showed stronger inhibition against Candida albicans, the ranges of MICs/MFCs were between 0.78 and 12.5 mg·mL^-1. Generally, the ethanol extracts from 23 traditional Chinese herbs showed good antibacterial activities, especially Flemingia philippinensis, Campylotropis hirtella, Entada phaseoloides, Illicium verum and Dioscorea bulbifera showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activities against Staphylococus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Their fungicidal effect was weak, only Illicium verum showed inhibitory effect on Candida albicans. In addition, extraction temperature, time and solvent concentration affected the extraction rate and the activity of extracted drugs, with hot extraction slightly better than cold extraction.

Chemical constituents from leaves of Sabia parviflora

2019/4/26 14:11:34
In order to elucidate the material basis of S. parviflora, the constituents of S. parviflora were separated and purified with chromatographic methods and recrystallization. The structures were elucidated by chemical analyses and spectroscopic methods. Twelve compounds were isolated from the leaves of S. parviflora, and they were identified as N-trans-feruloyl tyramine(1), N-cis-feruloyl tyramine(2), N-trans-p-coumaroyl tyramine(3), N-cis-p-coumaroyl tyramine(4), N-trans-p-coumaroyl octopamine(5), N-cis-p-coumaroyl octopamine(6), ferulic acid(7), apigenin(8), luteolin(9), caffeic acid(10), fuseine(11), oleanolic acid(12). Compounds 2, 4-9 were isolated from the plants of Sabia Colelbr. for the first time. Compounds 1, 3, 10 were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Triterpenoids from Salvia prionitis

2019/4/26 14:11:34
From a 95% ethanol extract of Salvia prionitis, ten compounds were isolated by means of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over macroporous resin D101, MCI gel, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic data as 3-epi-betulinic acid(1), betulin(2), oleanic acid(3), 3β, 6β, 23-trihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid(4), erythrodiol(5), 2α, 3β, 23-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(6), 2α, 3β, 19α-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(7), 2α, 3α, 24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(8), 2α, 3α, 24-trihydroxyurs-12, 20(30)-dien-28-oic acid(9), and kaempferol-3-O-glucoside(10). Compound 1 was obtained from the genus of Salvia for the first time, and compounds 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Extraction technology and antioxidant and antibacterial activities of polyphenols from Semiliquidambar cathayensis

2019/4/26 14:11:34
In order to develop and utilize Semiliquidambar cathayensis, orthogonal design was used to explore the effects of ethanol content, liquid to solid ratio, extraction time and temperature. Moreover, the DPPH· and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities of the polyphenols were also investigated. The inhibition zone and minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)were used to detect the antibacterial activities, and determined by Oxford Cup method and broth dilution method. The results were as follows: the best extraction condition was ethanol content of 70%, the solid to liquid ratio of 1:16, the extraction time of 60 min, and the extraction temperature of 60 ℃. In addition, there was no significant difference of the IC₅₀value of DPPH· free radical scavenging between 5.22 μg·mL^-1 polyphenols and 4.31 μg·mL^-1 ascorbic acid. And the IC₅₀value 105 μg·mL^-1of hydroxyl free radical scavenging of the polyphenols was significantly lower than that of ascorbic acid 180 μg·mL^-1. The results also showed that the polyphenols had antibacterial activity against Staphyloccocus aureus and Escherichia coli with the antibacterial circle were(13.7 ± 1.2)mm and(10.0 ± 1.3)mm, respectively. And the MIC were 0.393 and 0.785 mg·mL^-1, respectively. This research provides the theoretical information for further development and utilization of Semiliquidambar cathayensis resources.

Botanical origin research and simultaneous determination of five effective components in Zanthoxylum nitidum

2019/4/26 14:11:34
In this study, different phenotypic types of Zanthoxylum nitidum from Guangxi were selected to illustrate the original scientific name of Zanthoxyli Radix through literature review and conduct the quantitative analyses of five effective components based on RP-HPLC. The results were as follows:(1)Zanthoxylum nitidum f. fastuosum that shared the similar Chinese name with Z. nitidum var. tomentosum but was distinctly different between each other had already been incorporated into Z. nitidum var. nitidum;(2)Toddaloactone was not included in both Z. nitidum var. nitidum and Z. nitidum var. tomentosum;(3)The content of effective components in different types was significantly distinct;(4)Clustering analysis based on the content of five effective components separated all populations into four groups, corresponding to phenotypic delimitation. Totally, this study not only clarified the confusion between the Z. nitidum var. tomentosum and Z. nitidum var. nitidum Type 3, but also illustrated the significant difference of effective components in four phenotypes. All results provide guidance for quality control and the rational application and development of resources in Z. nitidum.

Chemical constituents of agarwood originating from Aquilaria crassna in Cambodia

2019/4/26 14:11:34
Ten compounds, including one pair of enantiomers(9a/9b), were isolated from the ethanol extract of agarwood originating from Aquilaria crassna in Cambodia by comprehensive chromatographic techniques including ODS, silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. On the basis of spectroscopic data, they were identified as 6-methoxy-2- [2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] chromone(1), 6-methoxy-2- [2-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl] chromone(2), 6,7-dimethoxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone(3), 6-hydroxy-2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone(4), 6-hydroxy-2- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl ] chromone(5), 8-chloro-6-hydroxy-2- [2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]chromone(6), 8-chloro-6-hydroxy-2- [2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl] chromone(7), oxidoagarochromone B(8), 4'-demethoxyaqusisnenone D(9). Compounds 6, 7 and 9 were isolated from agarwood of A. crassna for the first time. Among those, compounds 1 and 2 showed inhibitory activities against acetylcholinesterase. Compound 2 had weak inhibitory effect on K562 cell lines.

Volatile components in flowers of Dendrobium moniliforme

2019/11/25 15:18:13
In order to understand the volatiles in flowers of Dendrobium moniliforme, the constituents and relative contents in different florescences and flower parts of the yellow-green flower color of D. moniliforme were determined by solid phase microextraction(SPME)and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry(GC-MS), and the volatile components of three kinds colors of D. moniliforme were also compared by analyzing the constituents and relative contents determined in flowering stage. The results showed that there were 59 volatile compounds identified at four flowering stages of the yellow-green flower color of D. moniliforme, and the flowering stage was the most complicated stage because there were 41 volatile compounds. These compounds belongs to alkenes, aromatic, nitrogenous compound, esters, alcohols, alkanes, aldehydes and ketones. The relative contents of 1R-α-pinene was more than 27%, which was the highest among all compounds at four flowering stages; During the first flowering stage and flowering stage, there were another six compounds including cis-linaloloxide, β-phellandrene, limonene, 3,7-dimethytl-1,3,7-octatriene,(1S-cis)-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-naphthalene, 1,2,3,5,6,8α-hexahydro and 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol-acetate, and their relative contents was the highest; The relative contents of ylangene was more than 5% during bud stage, and disappeared during declining stage. Thus, the eight compounds were the major volatile components or the characteristic constituents for D. moniliforme. There were 27 components identified in petals and 17 in gynandrium. In petals and gynandrium, the relative content of alkenes compounds was the highest, 74.16% and 79.06%, respectively. And the petals were probably the most important part that could influence the volatile releasing. There were about 40 components identified in the flowering stage of three colors of D. moniliforme, differently. And there were 25 common constituents existed in three colors of D. moniliforme. Alkenes was the most important compounds for D. moniliforme. This plays an important role for aromatic cultivar breeding and essential product development of D. moniliforme.

Chemical constituents in Pinus sylvestris needles

2019/11/25 15:18:13
The chemical constituents of Pinus sylvestris needles collected from Qiqihar City in Heilongjiang Province were studied. The chemical components in the needles were extracted by solvent method. The use of column chromatography, prepared TLC, and HPLC technique led to the separation and purification of the chemical constituents in the extract. The structures for the isolated pure compounds were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic of MS and NMR(¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR). The antibacterial activity of the extract was also scanned. The results were as follows: 15 compounds were isolated and identified as pinifolic acid(1), monomethyl pinifolate(2), 18α-acetoxylabd-8(17)-en-15-oic acid(3), 4-eplimbricataloic acid(4), 15-ethyl-18-methyl pinifolate(5), 15-acetoxy-labda-8(17), 13E-dien-18-al(6), 7β-hydroxydehydroabietic acid(7), 7α-hydroxydehydroabietic acid(8), endo-peroxide(9), α-cadinol(10), β-sitosterol(11), dibutyl phthalate(12), 7R,11R-phytol(13), tetracosanol(14), and N-octacosan7β-ol(15). Compounds 9, 13, 14, and 15 were isolated from the genus Pinus for the first time. The result of antibacterial activity indicated that the inhibition rate of hexane extract to Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis was 53%-71% and 56%-70%, respectively, on the concentration range of 5-100 mg·mL^-1. And the inhibition rate to Staphylococcus aureus was 51% and 69% on the concentration of 50 mg·mL^-1 and 100 mg·mL^-1, respectively. This research reported the isolated chemical constituents from Pinus sylvestris needles which will provide theoretical basis for the further investigation of active components and application of drugs.

Chemical components of Tripterygium hypoglaucum from Guizhou Province and their antibacterial activites

2019/11/25 15:18:13
Eleven compounds were isolated and purified from ethanol extract of Tripterygium hypoglaucum from Guizhou Province by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography, semi-prepared HPLC and recrystallization. Their antibacterial activity were determined by 96-well plate microdilution method. The results were as follows: The structures were identified as 3-O-acetyloleanolicacetic anhydride(1), triptonoterpene(2), 3-Oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid(3), β-sitosterol(4), friedelin(5), β-sitosteryl palmitate(6), celastrol(7), emodin(8), wilforlide A(9), triptoquinone B(10), and ent-kauran-16 β, 19-diol(11)by NMR, MS, physicochemical properties and some reported data. Based on the results of antibacterial activity, compounds 3, 7 and 8 showed potential activity, and their MIC values were 2-16 μg·mL^-1. Compounds 6 and 11 were isolated from this plant for the first time, and meanwhile compound 11 was also isolated from the genus of Tripterygium for the first time. Furthermore it was found firstly that compounds 3 and 7 had significant inhibitory effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Rastonia solanacearum.

Membrane lipids changes during the ripening process of tobacco seeds

2019/11/25 15:18:13
In order to clarify the change rule of membrane lipids in tobacco seed during ripening process, the change rules of membrane lipid contents and components in the seeds of tobacco were studied systematically by the method of lipidomics. The results were as follows:(1)The content of plastidic membrane lipid and its proportion in total membrane lipids decreased continuously with the ripening of the seeds, which were important lipids that constituted chloroplast and thylakoid membranes. Whereas as important lipids that constituting cell membranes, the content of extraplastidic membrane lipids decreased significantly at the early stage of seed maturation which reached a stable state at 21 d after pollination.(2)The changes of total membrane lipids content were similar to that of plastid membrane lipids, which reached a stable state at 29 d after pollination.(3)Because grease accumulated continuously during seed maturation, and its chemical structure was similar to that of membrane lipids, the reduction of plastidic membrane lipids content could be related to the sustained demand for grease accumulation during seed maturation and the decrease of demand for chloroplasts and thylakoids.(4)The reason of extraplastidic membrane lipids remaining unchanged at 21 d after pollination was related to extraplastidic membrane lipids as the major membrane lipids involving in cell membrane, and cell membrane played an important role during seed maturation and mature seed germination, therefore, it was speculated that the decreased membrane lipids were transferred to grease.

Carboxymethylation modification and antioxidant activity of Enteromorpha intestinalis polysaccharides

2019/11/25 15:18:13
Enteromorpha intestinalis polysaccharides carboxymethylation(EIPC)were made in the NaOH-chloroacetic acid chemical reaction system to obtain carboxymethylated gut polysaccharides with different degrees of substitution. The degree of substitution was affected by the sodium hydroxide concentration, the reaction temperature and the reaction time. The results were as follows:(1)When the sodium hydroxide concentration was 20%, the reaction temperature was 60 ℃, and the reaction time was 3 h, the maximum degree of substitution for carboxymethylation was 0.781.(2)The antioxidant activities of different polysaccharide carboxymethylations of Enteromorpha intesinalis were evaluated by in vitro antioxidant.(3)At the concentration of EPIC wsa 1.6 mg·mL^-1, the scavenging activity to hydroxyl free radical and superoxide anion free radical were 44.45% and 51.98%, the ability of scavenging DPPH free radical and reducing ability were 16.75% and 0.457 6.(4)Compared with the pre-modification, the scavenging abilities of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion were greatly improved, and the carboxymethylation modification had a weakening effect on DPPH free radicals and reducing power of polysaccharides. The above results indicate that the structural changes of the polysaccharides caused by carboxymethylation can increase its antioxidant activity.

Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide in Sorbus koehneana fruit

2019/11/25 15:18:13
Sorbus koehneana is one of the shrubs peculiar in Northwest China. It is mainly used for ornamental and making tools. The research on its effective components is rarely reported, which limits the further development and utilization of the industry of S. koehneana. The polysaccharide components in the fruit of S. koehneana were extracted, and their structures and antioxidant activities were studied. Take S. koehneana fruit as materials, use ultrasonic assisted water extraction and alcohol precipitation, and sevage method to remove protein. Thus, we obtained the S. koehneana fruit polysaccharide(SSP). The results were as follows:(1)The polysaccharide content detected by phenol-sulfuric acid method was 65.8%. The functional group was detected by FT-IR and the polysaccharide was observed to have three characteristic peaks of sugar at 3 420 cm^-1, 2 929 cm^-1 and 1 733 cm^-1, whose molecular weight(Mw)was detected by the SEC-LLS was 1.739×10⁵, number average molecular weight(Mn)was 5.052×10⁴ and the polydispersity was 3.443, and uniform molecular weight distribution. Acidolysis of polysaccharides with trifluoroacetic acid, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and acetic anhydride were derivatized. The monosaccharide composition of S. koehneana polysaccharides was determined by GC-MS, and the polysaccharides were composed of three kinds of monosaccharides such as mannose, glucose and unknown monosaccharide, and the molar ratio was 2.2:1.4:6.4.(2)The antioxidant activity tests in vitro showed that the SSP had high scavenging capacity on DPPH, superoxide anion radicals and reducing power. The scavenging capacity of SSP on DPPH radical was 96% of BHT, 76.07% of Vc on superoxide anion radical and 92% of Vc on reduction, while the concentration of SSP was 2 mg·mL^-1. Through this study, we can not only provide theoretical basis for the efficient extraction of polysaccharides from S. koehneana fruits, but also provide a broader prospect for the further development and utilization of S. koehneana resources.

Effects and mechanisms of Sonneratia apetala fruit extracts on learning and memory abilities in aging mice

2019/11/25 15:18:13
To study the effects and mechanism of different extracts of Sonneratia apetala fruit on learning and memory abilities of aging mice induced by D-galactose, the learning and memory abilities of mice were measured by Morris Water Maze Test and the changes of brain nerve cells were observed by HE staining. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), nitric oxide(NO)content, and monoamine oxidase(MAO)activity in brain tissue were measured. The results showed that compared with the model group, the escape latency of the mice treated with different extracts from the S. apetala fruit was significantly shorter than that of the model group(P<0.05), and the residence time of the target quadrant was significantly increased(P<0.05)in the water maze experiment. Compared with the model group, the brain nerve cell injury of the mice treated with different extracts was significantly decreased, and the activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the brain of the mice were increased significantly(P<0.05). The content of NO and the activity of MAO in the brain decreased significantly(P<0.05). Different extracts of S. apetala fruits can improve the learning and memory abilities of aging mice induced by D-galactose. Different extracts of S. apetala fruits may reduce the damage of nerve cells in the brain of aging mice and increase the endogenous antioxidant enzymes(SOD, GSH-Px)activity, decreased brain NO content and MAO activity, which can increase learning and memory in aging mice.

Comparison on infrared spectra and rutin content of Sophora japonica ‘Jinhuai' in Guangxi

2019/11/25 15:18:13
Sophora japonica ‘Jinhuai' is a traditional Chinese medicine from Guangxi, which has the effects of stopping bleeding and cooling blood. Bud quality of Sophora japonica ‘Jinhuai' from different sources is different to some extent, but it is often regarded as the same category in the production, which seriously affects the quality of the medicinal with Sophora japonica ‘Jinhuai' as the raw material. To compare the infrared spectra and rutin content of eight main varieties(Jinhuai J2, Jinhuai J3, Jinhuai J4, Jinhuai J5, Jinhuai J6, Jinhuai J7, Jinhuai J8, Jinhuai J9)and three different seedlings(below 20 a, 20 to 30 a, above 30 a)of Sophora japonica ‘Jinhuai' in Guangxi, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet spectrophotometry were used to determine its infrared spectral characteristics and rutin content. The results were as follows:(1)Jinhuai J3 and wild seedling with three different growth had larger particles.(2)The chemical composition of Sophora japonica ‘Jinhuai' from different cultivated varieties and seedling was similar, but there were some differences in the content. The rutin content of samples was 22.85% to 36.78%, which was in the order seedling of 20 to 30 a > seedling of above 30 a > Jinhuai J3 > Jinhuai J6 > seedling of below 20 a > Jinhuai J2 > Jinhuai J8 > Jinhuai J4 > Jinhuai J9 > Jinhuai J5 > Jinhuai J7, there were significant differences among the eleven samples(P<0.01).(3)For the quality classification standard based on rutin content, only seedling of 20 to 30 a conforms to the first class standard, while Jinhuai J2, Jinhuai J3, Jinhuai J6, below 20 a and above 30 a of seeding meet the second class standard. Jinhuai J4, Jinhuai J5, Jinhuai J7, Jinhuai J8 and Jinhuai J9 meet the third class standard. Jinhuai J3 had high content of active ingredients and good quality.(4)Variety of Sophora japonica ‘Jihuai' is more suitable for the research and development of products such as industrial extraction rutin and tea, and can be used as the first choice for purchasing or expanding cultivation.

Content analysis of fatty acids and oxalic acid in ten different types of purslane(Portulaca oleracea)

2019/11/25 0:00:00
Contents of fatty acids and oxalic acid in the stems and leaves of purslane(Portulaca oleracea)from ten different sources were determined by gas chromatography and colorimetry. The results were as follows:(1)The contents of fatty acids and oxalic acid in the stems and leaves of ten different genotypes of purslane showed significant differences.(2)Compared with the leaves, the content of fatty acids in the stems was relatively low. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were dominant in the stems and leaves of purslane. Two kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids, ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids were detected, which accounted for 62.71%-70.91% and 9.30%-13.31% in the leaves, 26.04%-36.02% and 31.61%-43.19% in the stems of the total contents of fatty acids in purslane, respectively. Among them, there were significantly higher contents of SymbolwA@ -3 fatty acids in the leaves of ‘Jinhu, China local' and ‘Nanyang, China local' and the stems of ‘Jinhu, China local', compared with other genotypes in the same organ. The SymbolwA@ -6/ SymbolwA@ -3 ratios of domestic purslane genotypes were significantly lower than those of foreign genotypes, especially in the stems.(3)The oxalic acid contents in the stems of purslane were significantly higher than those in the leaves. Oxalic acid was found significant accumulation in the stems of ‘Shandong, China local', ‘Iran' and ‘Pakistan'. And there was no significant difference in oxalic acid contents in the stems of other genotypes. Therefore, purslane is suitable for early harvest. Purslane from ‘Jinhu, China local' and ‘Nanyang, China local', especially ‘Jinhu, China local' is a kind of purslane worthy of research further and recommendation for generalization.

Effects of endogenous inhibitors and their activities onseed germination of Tutcheria kweichowensis

2019/11/25 0:00:00
The components and contents of endogenous inhibitors in seed germination of Tutcheria kweichowensis were identified by extraction method and GC-MS, as well as the activity of extracts from seed coat and endosperm in different solvents, temperatures and concentrations. The results were as follows:(1)The seed coat and endosperm contained six kinds of organic compounds, such as organic acids, olefins, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, phenols and so on. The seed coat contained 7 organic acids, 1 alkene, 5 esters, 3 alcohols, 3 aldehydes and 1 phenol. The endosperm contained 6 organic acids, 1 alkene, 1 ester, 1 alcohol, 1 aldehyde and 1 phenol.(2)The activity of extracts from seed coat was significantly higher than that of endosperm extract(P<0.05), and the contents of olefins, aldehydes, alcohols and esters were 8.78%, 2.66%, 2.15% and 1.70% higher than that of endosperm.(3)The extracts from different conditions could significantly inhibit the germination and seedling growth of Brassica pekinensis. The activity of extract inhibitors was higher in alcohol than in water, and increased with the increase of extract concentration and temperature. When the initial temperature was 100 ℃, the inhibitory activity of the extract reached the maximum. The endogenous inhibitors of Tutcheria kweichowensis have different inhibitory effects on seed germination, exploring its mechanism of seed germination, solving the key technology of seed germination and seedling and application in agricultural and forestry production, which is of great significance in the research of biological characteristics and germination physiology of plant seeds.

Metabolites of endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis heterocornis isolated from Podocarpus macrophyllus

2019/11/25 15:18:13
Ten compounds were isolated and identified from endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis heterocornis, isolated from Podocarpus macrophyllus, which collected in Hangzhou, China. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data as jesterone(1), hydroxy-jesterone(2), ambuic acid(3), 6β-Hydroxystigmast-4-en-3-one(4),(24S)-ergosta-5-en-3β, 7α-diol(5), ergosta-7, 22- dien-3β, 5α, 7β-triol(6),ergosta-7, 22-dien-3-one (7),(4E, 8E, 2S, 3R, 2'R)-N-2'-hydroxyhexadecanoyl-9-methyl-4, 8-sphingadienin(8), batyl alcohol(9), palmitic acid(10). All compounds were isolated from P. heterocornis for the first time, and compounds 4, 6, 7 were obtained for the first time from Pestalotiopsis spp.

Effects of Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharides on immune function in immunosuppressed mice induced by cyclophosphamide

2019/11/25 15:18:13
In order to study the activity of Siraitia grosvenorii polysaccharides(SGP), specially its immunoregulatory activity, Kunming mice were randomized into six groups, including normal group, model group, SGP groups(25, 50, 100 mg·kg^-1)and levamisole group. Mice were injected with cyclophosphamide(20 mg·kg^-1)to establish the immunosuppressive model, then all groups of mice were treated for sequential 14 d by giving different dose of SGP. Effects of SGP on immune function of immunocompromised mice was studied by detecting many indices, such as thymus and spleen index, carbon clearance index, phagocytic index. Some indexes liked ear edema, the concentration causing 50% hemolysis(HC₅₀), the proliferation ability of T cells and B cells, the contents of IgG, IgM, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α were also be very important parameters to measure immune function. Histopathological examination of spleen tissue also was observed. We found that SGP groups(25, 50, 100 mg·kg^-1)was significantly in improving the thymus and spleen indexes. The concentration causing 50% hemolysis(HC₅₀)was increased effectively. The level activity of serum hemolysin was rising compared to model group. Data also showed that SGP groups(25, 50, 100 mg·kg^-1)could significantly reduce ear edema. Experiments showed that the proliferation ability of B cells, the contents of IgG, IgM, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6,TNF-α were improving. SGP middle and high groups(50, 100 mg·kg^-1)also could significantly increase the carbon clearance index and phagocytic index, and enhance the proliferation ability of T cells. Spleen tissue damage induced by cyclophosphamide was ameliorated according to the histopathological examination. This indicates that SGP can significantly improve immune function of immunocompromised mice.

Isolation and identification of the alkaloids from rhizomes of Stephania macrantha

2023/12/2 12:35:43
To study the alkaloids in the rhizomes of Stephania macrantha. The total alkaloids of S. macrantha were extracted by acid extraction and alkali precipitation method. Eleven alkaloids have been isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The structures of compounds were identified by spectroscopic methods(NMR and MS). The results were as follows:(1)Eleven compounds were designated as sinomenine(1), sinoactine(2), stepharine(3), reticuline(4), isocorydine(5), corydalmine(6), asimilobine(7), sukhodianine(8), dicentrine(9), 7-oxocrebanine(10)and palmatine(11).(2)The total alkaloids of S. macrantha and sinomenine had inhibitory activities on human lung cancer cells(A549), with IC₅₀ values of 7.5×10^-4 g·mL^-1 and 6.59×10^-9 g·mL^-1, respectively. Compounds 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were isolated for the first time from S. macrantha. The chemical constituents from S. macrantha belong to five types of alkaloids such as morphanes, proaporphines, aporphines, benzyltetrahydroi soquinolines and protoberberines.

Diterpenoids from the aerial parts of Isodon macrocalyx

2023/12/2 12:35:43
To study the constituents of Isodon macrocalyx, thirteen diterpenoids were isolated and purified from the aerial parts of I. macrocalyx by means of various column chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-C₁₈ pre-HPLC. The structures of the isolated diterpenoids were determined on the basis of analyses of spectroscopic methods(¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS), and comparison of their spectroscopic data with previously reported data. The results showed that the diterpenoids were identified as 19-hydroxytotarol(1), macrophynin E(2), inumakoic acid(3), inumakiol D(4), 4β-carboxy-19-nortotarol(5),(-)-lambertic acid(6), 2-oxo-5-fagonene(7), isodoterniofiln B(8), longikaurin E(9), longikaurin A(10), rabdotemin H(11), 16S-dihydrolongikaurin A(12), and ent-3S,16S,17-trihydroxy-kauran-2-one(13). All diterpenoids were isolated from I. macrocalyx for the first time.

Intervention study of roxburgh rose polysaccharide extracts on Type Ⅱ diabetes in mice

2023/12/2 12:35:44
To investigate the synergistic effect of Rosa roxbunghii Tratt polysaccharide(RRTP)and Rosa roxbunghii Tratt insoluble dietary fiber(RTIDF)on hypoglycemic function. In this study, RRTP and RTIDF were extracted, isolated and purified, the antioxidant and hypoglycemic activities of polysaccharides were measured by in vitro experiment and the relationship between hypoglycemic function and intestinal microbiota structure in mice was analyzed in vivo intervention experiment of type Ⅱ diabetes in mice. The results were as follows:(1)RRTP had a good free radical scavenging ability in vitro, and could significantly inhibit α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities with IC₅₀ values of 0.293 and 4.251 mg·mL^-1, respectively. RTIDF only showed certain inhibitory activity on α-amylase activity.(2)After the intervention of the extractive in the model mice, the tendency of the obese mice to continue to lose weight was reversed. Compared with CK group, the blood glucose level of RTIDF and RRTP+RTIDF mice were significantly down-regulated, and the activity of CAT enzyme in serum was significantly enhanced. RRTP+RTIDF group was superior to RTIDF group.(3)The extract intervention could reduce the inflammatory factors in the liver, relieve the degree of cell swelling, increase the number of absorbing cells in the cecum, and restore the intestinal wall mucosal layer.(4)Further analysis of intestinal flora showed that RTIDF and RRTP could reduce the proportion of bacteroidetes to firmicutes, increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as acetobacter, but RTIDF had more significant regulation effect on the population. Therefore, based on in vitro hypoglycemic simulation and in vivo intervention results, RRTP and RTIDF have a certain synergistic effect on glucose intervention in diabetic mice, it may be used together as an intervention to improve type Ⅱ diabetes.

Correlation analysis between HPLC fingerprint of Smilax riparia and antioxidant activity

2023/12/2 12:35:44
In order to investigate the relationship between antioxidant efficacy and active components of Smilax riparia, the HPLC fingerprint of S. riparia extracts were determined, similarity evaluation and cluster analysis are carried out, while analysis software was used for PLSR to establish the spectra effect relationship, and validation test of in vitro anti-oxidation was carried out. The results were as follows:(1)HPLC fingerprints of 13 batches of S. riparia with 14 main common peaks were established.(2)Thirteen batches of S. riparia samples were grouped into two categories, the samples of S. riparia with close geographical location were clustered into one group, and the chemical fingerprints of S. riparia with close geographical location were highly similar.(3)PLSR showed that the areas of peaks 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9 and 14 in the fingerprint were positively correlated with the antioxidant effect, while the areas of peaks 4, 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12 were negatively correlated with the antioxidant effect, the VIP values of peaks 9, 11, 3, 4 and 5 were all greater than 1.(4)Peak 9 was oleanolic acid, Peak 10 was ursolic acid, and Peak 9 had the largest scavenging capacity for ABTS free radicals. Therefore, antioxidant efficacy of S. riparia is contributed by a combined action of multi-components rather than one component. Peak 9(oleanolic acid)may be the material basis of the antioxidation effect of S. riparia.

Chemical constituents from Carpesium cernuum and their anti-leukemia activities in vitro

2023/12/2 12:35:44
In order to study the chemical constituents from Carpesium cernuum and their inhibitory effects on leukemia cells in vitro. The chemical constituents from ethyl acetate fraction of C. cernuum were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and macroporous adsorption resin, and their structures were identified by means of various spectroscopic techniques such as ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and MS. The inhibitory effects of compounds 1-10 on leukemia cells(K562, HEL)in vitro were determined by MTT assay. The results were as follows:(1)Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as 2, 9-epoxy-5, 9-dihydroxy-8-angeloyloxy-11-methoxymethyl-4(15)-germacraen-6, 12-olide(1), cardivin D(2), cernuumolide I(3), cernuumolide J(4), 8-hydroxy-9, 10-diisobutyryloxythymol(5),(2E, 6Z, 10E, 12R)-7-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-3, 11, 15-trimethylhexadeca-2, 6, 10, 14-tetraene-1, 12-diol(6), 9, 10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate(7), 1, 6-dihydroxy-8-hydroxymethyl-anthraquinone(8), emodin(9), 4-megastigmen-3, 9-dione(10), β-sitosterol(11). Among them, Compound 1 was identified as a new compound, compounds 5, 7-10 were isolated from the Carpesium for the first time, compounds 2, 5-10 were isolated from C. cernuum for the first time.(2)The results of activity test showed that cardivin D(2), cernuumolide I(3)and cernuumolide J(4)had good inhibitory effects on leukemia cells in vitro. The IC₅₀ of compounds 2-4 against K562 cells and HEL cells were(2.27 ± 0.46),(5.53 ± 0.41),(3.90 ± 0.80)μmol·L^-1 and(1.84 ± 0.14),(2.36 ± 0.90),(2.31 ± 1.17)μmol·L^-1, respectively. Thus, the study enriches the chemical constituents of C. cernuum, and provides a material basis for the development of anti-leukemia drugs.

Chemical constituents from Potentilla kleiniana and their anti-inflammatory activities

2023/12/2 12:35:44
The purpose of this paper was to investigate the chemical constituents of Potentilla kleiniana and their anti-inflammatory activities. The 60% ethanol extract of P. kleiniana were isolated by D-101 macroporous adsorptive resins, silica gel, Toyopearl HW-40F and other methods, and their chemical structures were elucidated on the spectral data of NMR and HR-ESI-MS analysis. Meanwhile, the anti-inflammatory activities of compounds were evaluated by mouse macrophage(RAW 264.7)inflammatory model induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in vitro. The results were as follows:(1)Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified from P. kleiniana as 2-(heptadecanoyloxy)propane-1,3-diyl distearate(1), 9,12,13-trihydroxy-10,15-octadecadienoic acid(2), methyl-9,12,13-trihydroxy-10,15-octadecadienoic acid(3), 2,2'-oxybis(1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene)(4), emodin(5), chrysophanol(6),(6R,9R)-3-oxo-α-ionol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7), neo-andrographolide(8), methyl-α-D-fructofuranosides(9), 1-O-β-D-fructofuranosyl-α-D-allopyranos(10), p-coumaric acid(11), cesternosides A(12), koaburaside(13), orientin(14), isoorientin(15). Compounds 1-15 were obtained from Potentilla genus for the first time.(2)The anti-inflammatory test results showed that compounds 1-3, 8, and 11-15 had moderate inhibitory activities on NO production, and the inhibition rate of compound 8 was 72.5% at the concentrations of 25 μmol·L^-1. In conclusion, the study enriches the phytochemical information of P. kleiniana, and clarifies that fatty acid derivatives, phenolic components and diterpenoids are anti-inflammatory active components, which provides a theoretical basis for further exploitation of P. kleiniana.

-->Phytochemistry and Chemical Biology

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