-->Plant Ecology and Environmental Biology

The invasive plant Tithonia diversifolia in China

2016/1/15 21:08:17

The distribution, characters of individual growth, development and population of the invasive plant Tithonia diversifolia(Mexican Sunflower)were discussed. The harms and impacts of T.diversifolia on native biodiversity,ecosystem,agriculture and natural forest recovery were also discussed. The exploitation and research situation of Mexican Sunflower were reviewed from three aspects: utilization and research of medicine,insecticide and weedicide,green manure and fodder. Finally,conclusions were educed that control strategies were conserving native biodiversity,restore native vegetation,keeping away disturbance and destruction from human.

The alien plant species in Guangzhou, China

2016/1/15 21:08:17

One hundred and twenty seven alien plant species of Guangzhou were reported in this paper,their growth forms,origin areas,status,habitats and changes in different seasons were analyzed. The results showed that alien plant species with strong reproductive ability such as herbs,shrubs,climbers were more invasive,especially those from America and Africa. Areas that were easier to be invaded always were those heavily interrupted or destroyed ecosystems,such as roadsides,pools and gardens. Further discussions suggested that the invasive species and easy-invaded areas were actually the two different sides of the same coin. Invasive species and invaded areas are related and interplayed.

Spatial pattern of Quercus liaotungensis population in different recovering community

2016/1/15 21:08:18

At Dagou valley of Maoxian,the spatial patterns and their dynamic changes of Quercus liaotungensis population were measured with 5 indexes,such as Dispersion index(DI),T-test,Negative index(K),Clumping index(I),and patchiness index(m*/m). The species in these communities showed aggregation distribution. The aggregation intensity and pattern scale of Quercus liaotungensis showed ascending trend by time series. The pattern performance and the dynamic change illuminated sufficiently that the local species with a strong competition capacity favor the restoration of degradative vegetation. The ecological recovering value of Quercus liaotungensis of the Maoxian should be given more study and sufficient utilization.

Distribution pattern of natural Siraitia grosvenorii populations

2016/1/15 21:08:18

Siraitia grosvenorii,a dioecious,perennial and liana plant with root tubers,is an economically important species endemic to southern China. The distribution pattern of eight natural Siraitia grosvenorii populations in Guangxi were analyzed by the variance/mean ratio method,and their aggregated intensities were measured by using the following indices:negative binomial parameter,dispersal index,clumping index,crowing mean index and patchiness index. The results showed that the distribution patterns of the S.grosvenorii population were random or clumped,and the intensity was different among different populations. The causes of forming the distribution patterns were analysed.

Spacial structure character of carbon content of Eucalypts grandis

2016/1/15 21:08:18

Based on investigation of Eucalypts grandis plantations in Yong'an City,spacial structure character of carbon content of E.grandis was studied. Carbon content of different aboveground organ in different DBH of E.grandis was 42.30%～55.07% and the sequence of aboveground organic carbon content was that leaf(51.86%)>branch(47.64%)>trunk(47.25%); the difference in carbon content of leaf in different height was slight; the carbon content of different diameter of root was increased as diameter became thicker; the carbon content of different diameter of branch was increased as diameter became thicker,too; the sequence of organic carbon content was that leaf>root>branch>trunk>fruit.

Study on the orchid diversity of Yachang Nature Reserve in Guangxi

2016/1/15 21:08:18

Investigation and study on the orchid plants diversity of Yachang Orchid Plants Nature Reserve in Guangxi was carried on,the characteristics of the orchid plants diversity in this reserve were as follows:(1)species diversity was abundant,population quantity was large,there were 107 species,belonging to 43 genus of Orchidaceae in all(including 3 varieties);(2)distributed wildly,habitat was complicated and various;(3)geography component had both tropical and sub-tropical qualities,living types were complete;(4)vertical distribution pattern appeared definite regularity. Finally,preliminary suggestion on the protection and utilization of the Orchid plants diversity in this reserve were proposed.

Characteristics and species dversity of Syzygium odoratum community in Dapeng Pninsula, Shenzhen

2016/1/15 21:08:18

The characteristics and species diversity of the Syzygium odoratum community in fungshui woods of Dapeng peninsula were studied based on community investigation. 86 species in 80 genera and 44 families of vascular plants were found in 12 plots of 1 200 m²,and most plants belonged to tropical genera(89.33% of the total). S.odoratum,Vaccinium bracteatum,Aporosa dioica,Rapanea nerrifolia are the dominant species. The physiognomy of the community was evergreen all year round,and the life form in the community was dominated by phanerophytes(86.05%). The analysis on age-structure of dominant populations showed that the main populations of the community belong to increasing populations,and the A-level frequency is 52.32 by Raunkiaer's frequency law,of which 35 species were found one time among the 12 plots. The species diversity of the community is relatively high with the Margalef index of 9.65,the Shannon-Wiener index of 3.17,and the evenness index of 0.71. The diversity pattern from maximum to minimum is shrub,arbor and herb layer in three layers of the community. Diversity comparison with 4 communities of neighboring regions showed that the species diversity of S.odoratum community was higher than that of the Sterculia lacceolata community in Shenzhen and the S.lacceolata community in Macau,which have been disturbed by human,but was lower than that of the Endospermum chinensis community in Hong Kong and Cryptocarya chinensis community in Dinghushan Natural Reserve,which have been well protected for a long time. The excess of human disturbance would decrease plant species diversity,so effective conservation measures for the plant resources should be formulated.

Changes of species composition and diversity in different age -classes of undergrowth vegetations in Cupressus funebris plantations in Yichang suburb

2016/1/15 21:08:18

Changes of species composition and diversity in different age-classes of undergrowth vegetations in Cupressus funebris plantations in Yichang suburb were studied in this paper.The results showed that,from young,half mature to near mature plantations,dominant species of shrub layer changed from drought-tolerant and strong intolerant trees to relatively drought-tolerant and neutral,and tree species increased. Dominant species of herb layer changed from Carex brunnea and Ficus tikoua to Pteridophyte.Number of species,Shannon-Wiener diversity index and evenness increased gradually,while ecological dominance decreased gradually.It is suggested that after vegetation restoration,Cupressus funebris plantations incline to process succession,but it is still at the early succession stage.

Mensuration and correlating analyse of heavy metal elements in three mosses and soil from Lao Wanchang Lateritic Gold Deposit in Qinglong,Guizhou

2016/1/15 21:08:18

The contents of eight elements including Au,Ca,Mg,Cu,Pb,Tl,Zn and Hg of three mosses and soil in Lao Wanchang Gold Deposit in Qinglong,Guizhou Province,were analysed by means of applying the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. And the relativity between plants and elements as well as the enrichment ability of mosses to elements were analysed. The results showed:the elements content in plants in gold field are higher than nonmetal field,the sequence of element content in plants is consistent completely with gold field; but there are distinction among bryophytes to absorb and enrich elements; Mg-Hg showed significantly coefficient at 0.01 level,Au-Zn,Tl-Cu showed coefficient at 0.05 level. Anombryum gemmigerum Broth. and Trichostomum cripulum Bruch A. Muell have strong enrichment ability to Au element. Hence we thought that the two mosses plants have the indicative function to lateritic gold deposit in the area.

Some forest communities in north of Guangdong， China

2015/12/16 11:38:04

By using the vegetation quardat method，the dominant families and species of the forest vegetation in Tianxin of Lianzhou City，Babaoshan of Lechang City，Luokeng of Qujiang County，Fanzishan of Renhua County，Liuzhangjiashan of Shixing County，and LongwenHuangtian of Pingyuan County in the mountain regions of Guangdong Province，China，are compared. The twodimension sort of six forest communities is also compared by using the polar ordination method in this paper. The results show that the common dominant species are Machilus thunbergii and Liquidambar formosana，and their dominances are different from each plot site. The biggest similarity coefficient of community is 65.49% between Tianxin and LongwenHuangtian；while the similarity coefficients are low than 50% between Babaoshan and other sites. The result suggests that the similarity of forest community is mainly rely on the soil character，latitude，and altitude which is apparently much important than that of geologic distance. The forest community in different sites can reflect their conditions of habitats. The comparison study of forest communities in nature reserves can also provide some suggestions for the net construction of nature reserves in Guangdong province.

Effects of attenuated ultravioletB radiation on soluble protein， photosynthetic pigments and flavonoids in tobacco leaves

ZHONG Chu， CHEN ZongYu*， MAO ZiChao，DONGCHEN WenHua — 2015/12/16 11:38:04

Tobacco variety K326 were planted in pots under attenuated 25%，50% and 65% of solar UVB radiation conditions，respectively in Tonghai，Yunnan of China，where is on the highest altitude in Yuxi tobacco cultivation region. The effects of UVB radiation on soluble protein，potosynthetic pigment and flavonoid in tobacco leaves were studied in different K326 growth periods. The results showed that，soluble protein and potosynthetic pigment contents decreased along with leaf aging，flavonoid accumulated in old leaves. Protein was susceptible to UVB radiation in physiological maturity period. Reduced UVB radiation resulted in decrease of the flavonoid and protein contents，but result in increase of potosynthetic pigment content. Lower UVB radiation led to decreases of the chlorophyll degradation rate. Therefore，it could be speculated that UVB might be beneficial for protein accumulation in tobacco； and alteration of flavonoid and chlorophyll could be adaptable modifications in response to UVB radiation. In addition，flavonoid might couple with soluble proteins in a certain extent.

Photosynthetic characteristics of tissue culture plantlet of Momordica grosvenorii planted in different habitats

2015/12/16 11:38:04

The experiment was conducted to clarify the key ecological factors affecting the growth of Siraitia grosvenorii. Responses of net photosynthetic rate to photon flux densities，diurnal course of main environmental factors and physiological characteristics in S.grosvenorii tissue culture plantlet planted in three different habitats，and the relationship between them were analyzed. The results showed that，with the increase of altitude，the light saturation point and light compensation point of S.grosvenorii increased，the maximum net photosynthetic rate was the highest at hilly region，and was the lowest at mountainous region. The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate (Pn) at hilly region and mountainous region were “twinpeaked” curves，and the decrease of Pn from 12：30 to 13：30 was due to slight nonstomatal restriction，“the second peak” wasn’t observed at flat site for rapidly fluctuating irradiance levels from intermittent cumulus clouds. From 9：00 to 15：30，there was a relatively strong positive relation between Pn and stomatal conductance，a negative relationship between TL，VPD and photon flux densities(PFD)，leaf temperature(TL)，vapour pressure deficit(VPD)for S.grosvenorii tissue culture plantlet，and they declined faster with TL and VPD. Hilly region was the optimum growth environment for S.grosvenorii tissue culture plantlet. The rapid reduction in Pn during noontime was related to strong light intensity，high temperature and low relative humidity，and was the result of common effect of stomatal and nonstomatal restriction.

Effect of treating with earthworm and iron on iron nutrition of apple roots

2015/12/16 11:38:04

The experiment was carried out at Caozhuang Village of Yongnian County in Hebei Province and Quzhou Experiment Station of China Agricultural Univesity from 2007 to 2009.The rhizosphere of apple trees was applied earthworms inoculated by corn stalks treated with 2 500，5 000，10 000 and 20 000 mg/kg of iron and different valence iron，the 8yearold Fuji apple trees was taken. Effect of earthworm and iron on the growth of apple roots，earthworm to iron riched，translocation and iron of root apoplast was researched. The experiment showed that earthworm could survive in the corn stalks treated with 20 000 mg/kg iron(tested by the highest concentration) and turned the straw into vermicast to promote root growth and improve the apoplast Fe content of apple roots，earthworm was more adaptive to the twovalent iron than threevalent iron. The earthworm could transfer iron from organic materiel to the roots of fruit trees，the best treatment about increasing Fe2+ content of earthworm tissue and the apoplast Fe content of roots was 5 000 mg/kg. The total iron content of earthworms，vermicast and roots was increased as the concentration of iron treatment increased. Iron significantly promoted root growth of apple trees .The number of new roots was significantly less in the vermicast that earthworm inoculated with no iron than in the vermicast using iron processing，the new roots was the most by 5 000 mg/kg treatment in two different valence of the iron. Earthworm significantly promoted the root to growth，the number of new roots was significantly less in the treatment with no inoculated earthworms than in the treatment which inoculated earthworms. The soil bulk density，soil pH，and pH value of the root apoplast and organic matter content in the soil were significantly improved by the iron and earthworms.

Studies on the calcium nutrition of Litchi chinensis“Feizixiao”improved by root injecting

2015/12/16 11:38:04

The effects on improving the calcium nutrition of Litchi chinensis by three different types of calcium supplement (root injecting， fruit dipping and foliar spraying) during fruit development were studied. The results showed that the calcium nutrition of the trees could be significantly improved by root injection，and the calcium content of the pericarp and the leaves increased by 85.19% and 50.28% comparing with the control，respectively，which were better than the other two types. Compared with the control，treatments of foliar spraying and fruit dipping also contributed to higher content of calcium in the pericarp and the leaves，with 33.48%，8.85% and 28.43%，51.54% higher than those of control，respectively. Among the three types of calcium supplement，root injecting had the best effect on increasing the calcium content in L.chinensis，followed by fruit dipping and finally foliar spraying.

Effect of soil drought stress on growth and some physiological properties of Abrus mollis seedlings

2015/12/16 11:38:04

Experiments were implemented on physiological and biochemical properties of Abrus mollis seedlings under four different water stress treatments. The results indicated that with the increasing of drought stress，the plant height，stem diameter，compound leaf length of A.mollis showed tendency of decreasing，while root diameter，fibrous root number of A.mollis were presented with progressive tendency during in seedling stages；the free proline content in root and leaf as well as soluble sucrose content were decreased first and then increased，when the soil water decreased gradually；minase of A.mollis showed the tendency of increase first and then decrease，on the contrast，the root activity showed the tendency of decreasing with the aggravation of drought stress，but under severe drought stress，the growth of above indicators were inhibited.

Study on the yield factors and path analyses for perennial cultivation of upland cotton in Southern Guangxi

2015/12/16 11:38:04

The perennial cultivation of upland cotton is very important for maintaining genic male sterile lines，producing hybrid seeds，fixing heterosis and preserving special germplasm. The yield factors and path analyses of perennial cultivation of annual upland cotton was researched to supply the theory of perennial cultivation. Random block design and orthogonal arrays were set up to investigate the yield factors and path analyses of triennial and biennial cultivation of annual upland cotton among 4 varieties of upland cotton，with biennial cultivation as contrast，in Nanning Guangxi from 2005 to 2007.Compared with annual cotton，the total bolls per plant were increased obviously. The single boll weights had no significant difference for most varieties. Lint percentage changes with varieties. The trend of yield factors influencing yield for triennial cotton was in accord with biennial cotton.The influence of total bolls was first，lint percentage was second,and the both are principally direct influence. The indirect influence overpass total bolls was bigger. Compared with triennial and biennial cotton，these factors presented only a little difference in influencing the yield of annual cotton. It indicated that the total bolls per plant for perennial cultivation were increased. Obviously，perennial cultivation was principal reason of increasing production，at a time varieties would be selected to be high of lint percentage,to be influenced a little by perennial ages.

Age structure and distribution pattern of the dominant population in the evergreen broadleaved forest of Jiulian Mountain in Jiangxi Province

JIAN MinFei1， LIU QiJing2*， ZHU Du1 — 2015/12/16 11:37:44

The dominant population age structure and distribution pattern of the evergreen broadleaved forest community in Mount Jiulianshan of Jiangxi Province were analyzed by using the method of spatial sere substituting for temporal sere. The linearregression analysis results were as follows:the survival curves of Machilus microcarpa population was best significantly linear，and the survival curves of Castanopsis fabri and Syzygium buxifolium population were also significantly linear. The age structure of the populations were summed up to be stable，increasing or declining. For example，the age structure of Schima superba and Machilus microcarpa was stable；and that of Alniphyllum fortunei and Liquidambar formasana was declining；while Rhododendron westlandi，Acer fabri and Castanopsis lamontiiprocessed from stable to declining. The spatial distribution pattern of the main dominant population was studied by using aggregate indices，variance ratio and the Possion distribution methods. The results showed that the spatial distribution pattern of all each 12 dominant trees were aggregated pattern，which were also consonant with the Possion distribution of all the plots.

Responses of leaf characters of Camellia nitidissima to different light environments

HU XingHua， LI JieWei， JIANG QiaoSheng， ZHAO RuiFeng — 2015/12/16 11:37:44

Responses of leaves of Camellia nitidissima to the changes of light environment include the variations of both qualitative and quantitative characters. In this paper，the variations of leaf quantitative characters of this plant were reported. The responses of leaves were firstly studied under three simulated light environment conditions，then investigations on the relationships between the light environment and the quantitative characters variations of C.nitidissima leaves from five populations distributing in South Guangxi were implemented. The results indicated that condition of relative light intensity lower than 20‰ could lead to a significant correlations between leaf length growth and leaf width growth，but when it increased higher than 20‰，the correlations turned to be unsignificant. Besides，trees living in low light intensity environment tended to develope shortnarrow shape leaves，while trees in high intensity light environment tended to develope longer and wider leaves. Finally，the application potential of leave quantitative characters for C.nitidissima conservation was discussed.

Introduction and acclimatization of Camellia tunghiensis a rare and endangered plant

2015/12/16 11:37:44

Camellia tunghiensis is a rare and endangered plant endemic to Guangxi. This paper reports the introduction and acclimatization of C.tunghiensis in Guilin，including the technologies of sowing，cutting propagation，seedling transplant and its growth characteristic. The plant is adaptable to grow in Guilin and can bloom and seed normally with the stronger cold resistance. It can get higher rooting rate of cutting by using one year shoot with one leaves on the top，dipping the cuttings in solution(100 mg•L1 NAA)for 14 h，yellow soil as medium for cutting bed. Shoot of mature plants grew two times a year in spring and summer. The flowering period was from the early of July to the early of May next year. The fruit of the plant was in December. The result can provide the reference for the artificial cultivation of C.tunghiensis.

Effect of Cu2+ stress on the growth and physiological properties of Typha angustifolia

ZHAO Yan1， XU YingChun2， CHAI CuiCui2， ZHOU Yan2 — 2015/12/16 11:37:44

Effects of Cu2+ stress on physiological properties and growth of Typha angustifolia were studied by hydroponic culture method. The results showed that the leaf width，plant height and the dry weight accumulation were not obviously affected at the low Cu2+concentration，but decreased with the increasing Cu2+concentration. The content of chlorophyll increased among 0-30 mg•L1 Cu2+ and decreased obviously with the increasing of Cu2+concentration. Root activity increased among 0-5 mg•L1 Cu2+ and also decreased apparently afterwards with the increasing of Cu2+concentration.. The activities of SOD，POD and CAT increased with the increasing of Cu2+concentration and decreased clearly afterwards. The highest value of SOD，POD of roots appeared at 30 mg•L1 Cu2+，while the peak values of in leaves were at 55 mg•L1 Cu2+. The activity of CAT reached to the highest at 80 mg•L1. The activities of SOD，POD and CAT of root were higher than leaves apparently under the same Cu2+concentration stress，it was suggested that sensitivity of roots to Cu2+concentrations were higher than that of leaves. The activities of SOD，POD played the main role on protecting T.angustifolia under 1-5 mg•L1Cu2+ stress，while CAT played the main role afterwards. The content of MDA reached to the high point at 30 mg•L1 Cu2+ and increased afterwards with the increasing of Cu2+concentration. It was suggested that T.angustifolia had an active physiological response under 30-55 mg•L1 Cu2+ stress.

The potential effects of climate change on the distributions of 7 plants in China

WU JianGuo — 2015/12/16 11:38:50

The effects of climate change on the distributions of Falsepistache（Tapiscia sinensis），Black Crowberry（Empetrum nigrum），Wakerobin（Trillium tschonoskii），Field Circaeaster（Circaesaster agrestis），Gastrodia（Gastrodia elata），Beauty Bush(Kolkwitzia amabilis)and Flous Taiwania（Taiwania flousiana）in China were analyzed using the CART(classification and regression tree)model and climate change scenarios of A2 and B2. The results showed that climate change in China would cause an increase in the current distribution of Falsepistache，and it would cause a decrease in current distribution of other plants. The new distribution or total distribution region of Beauty Bush，Wakerobin or Falsepistache would increase，while Field Circaeaster or Black Crowberry would decrease，and that of Gastrodia or Flous Taiwania would increase from periods of 1991-2020 to periods of 2051-2080，then they would decrease，and they were higher in A2 scenario than that in B2 Scenario. New suitable regions of these plants would expand towards high altitude regions or latitude regions. And the distribution regions of Gastrodia would mainly expand towards high altitude regions，while Flous Taiwania，Beauty Bush，Field Circaeaster or Gastrodia would expand towards high altitude regions or latitude regions，and Falsepistache would expand towards high altitude regions or northeast latitude regions，while Black Crowberry would expand towards high altitude regions or latitude regions，and the distribution regions of that would lost from periods of 2051-2080 to periods of 2081-2100. Additionally，under climate change，changing in current distribution，new distribution or total distribution region of the plants did not consistently change with changing in annual mean air temperature or precipitation in China，and the changing in current distribution，new distribution or total distribution region of some plants were poor related with changing in annual mean air temperature or precipitation in China. And the linear regression relationship between changing in the plants distribution and annual mean temperature and annual mean precipitation in China were different for different plants，while the linear regression relationship between changing in the plants distribution and annual mean temperature and annual mean precipitation in China were poor. The results indicated that climate change in China would cause decrease in the current distribution region of the animals except Falsepistache，and it would cause expand the distribution of the plants towards high altitude or high latitude regions. And the relationship between changing in the plants distribution and annual mean temperature and annual mean precipitation in China were different.

Community classification and structure of Cupressus chenegiana forest

LIU Xin1，2， BAO WeiKai1* — 2015/12/16 11:38:50

Cupressus chenegiana，an endangered species endemic to China，mainly appears in the ecotone between dry valley and montane forest，which was the key area of restoration. Most publications had concentrated on the resistibility of C.chenegiana under drought stress，but types of C.chenegiana forest and its community structure were still little known to us. To provide a scientific base for ecosystem restoration and further study，we investigated 37 plots which located in Barkam County，Jinchuan County，Xiaojin County，Danba County and Li County. Information of tree，shrub and herb were collected，such as diameter and height of individual trees，coverage of tree，shrub and herb layer，richness of shrub and herb. The data matrix which composed of 333 species(shrub and herb) from 37 plots was subjected to TWINSPAN and NMDS. We found that：(1)Form.C.chenegiana was divided into 8 associations by using TWINSPAN，and two subformations(pure forest of C.chenegiana and mixed forest) featured with canopy layer composition were recognized；(2)coverage of canopy layer was 55.68%，density of tree(H≥3 m)was 1518 ind/hm2，the structure of height and diameter showed a inversed“J”shape distribution，and the forest in Jinchuan County featured with multiplestorey(2 subcanopy layers)；(3)coverage of shrub and herb layer were both 40%，and the richness of shrub and herb layer were 21.82 sp/plot and 27.91 sp/plot respectively. Due to the evidence from tree and shrub layers’composition and structure，we speculate that the two subformations are on different successional stages. Mixed forest is the key vegetation type in restoration. With appropriate conservation，the mixed forest will succede into pure forest.

Spatial pattern analysis of Abies ziyuanensis population in Dayuan

2015/12/16 11:38:50

Abies ziyuanensis is a critically endangered plant species endemic to China， and its population in Dayuan of Yanling County，Hunan Province has the largest size. In this research，the spatial pattern of A.ziyuanensis population in Dayuan was analyzed using point pattern analysis and the fractal characteristics of pattern was analyzed by applying boxcounting dimension and information dimension. The results suggested that A.ziyuanensis population in Dayuan presented an aggregating distribution. The boxcounting dimension ranged from 1.047 to 1.354，which reflected a low spatial occupation degree of the population. The information dimension of population patterns were low(1.093 to 1.434). The scale variation degree of pattern intensities was low.

Characterication of construction and functions of Vitex rotundifolia var.simplicifolia community during the process of desertification in Poyang Lake

2015/12/16 11:38:50

Characterication of construction and funtions in the species，density，coverage of Vitex rotundifolia var.simplicifolia community in Poyang Lake were analyzed. An investigation was implemented at 3 successional stages，the slightly sandy land，the moderately sandy land，the highly sandy land. The species diversity indexes showed that desertification was a process of biodiversity loss. Perennial herbaceous plants and shrub were dominant at every deserted stage. The community construction trended towards simple and uneven and its funtions gradually dropped at the moderately sandy land. The community desertification changes were not only successive but also gradual. V.rotundifolia var.simplicifolia and Poaceae plant should be selected according to sandy environmental condition when artificial vegetation was constructed.

Preliminary study on the Bryoflora in Napo County of Guangxi

JIA Peng1， XIONG YuanXin2*， WANG MeiHui2， MA JianPeng1， LIANG AXi2 — 2015/12/16 11:38:50

475 bryophyte specimens from Napo County of Guangxi were collected through filed and carefully identified. It was found that there were 163 species(including subspecies and variation)which belonged to 81 genera in 40 families. And 34 of them were newly recorded in Guangxi. According to the checklist, the main families were Hypnaceae，Pottiaceae，Meteoriaceae etc.；and the main genera were Bryum，Hypnum，Rhynchostegium etc. In floristic compositions, the East Asia took up a predominant position(3006%),the temperate elements and the tropic elements had a high inverse proportion，showing the transition characteristics from north to south；compositions endemic to China occupied 14.11% of the total, and they were located in the transition zone of distribution center of Chinese endemic species. Comparing the moss flora between Red River region and Daweishan Nature Reserve，it was showed that Kroeber index on similarity between Napo County and Daweishan Nature Reserve are higher than that between Nopo county and Red River region. The floristic spectrum of Napo county showed the highest percentage of elements of East Asia type，and it should be classified into Lingnan zone.

Effect of different moisture management modes on root growth characteristics of cast transplanting rice in seedling standing period under notillage

2015/12/16 11:38:50

The effect of different moisture management modes on root growth characteristics during seedling standing period under notillage was studied. Results showed that the rice ratio of root to shoot dry weight，root dry weight，root number，whiter root number，root primary branches，root activity and root growth abilities of alternation irrigation were significantly or greatly significantly higher（P＜0.01，P＜0.05）than those of wetting irrigation and water layer irrigation except the second day after seedling throwing. Wetting irrigation had positive effect on root secondary branch roots and root length；water layer irrigation hastened the growth of root hair zone length in early season.

Research on physiological and biochemical material’s change of Cercidiphyllum japonicum at different altitudes and adaptability

LIAO XingLi， LI YunXiang*， QUAN QiuMei， MA YongHong， YE XingDong — 2015/12/16 11:38:50

To study the environment adaptability of Cercidiphyllum japonicum in Maanshan Nature Reserve in Ganluo County of Sichuan Province， the distribution conditions and contents of physiological indexes of C.japonicumat different altitudes(A1：1 874 m；A2：1 996 m；A3：2 160 m；A4：2 290 m)were investigated. The results showed that the total number and the height of trees，the number of young trees and the range of tree crown decreased with increasing altitude. The higher the altitude was，the more spatial resources occupied by other species were. So the environment adaptability of C.japonicum reduced. The change of physiological indexes showed that:contents of Chla，Chlb，Chl(a+b)and Car at A1 were higher than those at A2 ，A3，A4. Compared with A1，contents of Chlb and Chl(a+b)decreased significantly 42.42%，33.96% at A4. Soluble sugar and SOD activities decreased with increasing altitude. Compared with those at A1，they decreased significantly 5274%，66.17% at A4； MDA and Pro contents increased with increasing altitude. At A4 they increased significantly 3.98 time and 4.43 time compared with those in A1. The soluble protein content first decreased then increased. Protein content at A1，A3，A4 were higher than that in A4.In general，it is conducive to the growth and development of C.japonicum at A1 and they grow badly at A4.

Study on growth and photosynthesis traits of the invasive species Coreopsis lanceolata and its cooccuring species in contrasting light conditions

ZENG JianJun1， XIAO YiAn1， SUN Min2* — 2015/12/16 11:38:50

To better understand its invasion mechanism and comprehensive control，we compared the morphological and physiological traits of C.lanceolata with those of its cooccurring species Bidens bipinnata and Rumex japonicus under two different irradiance treatments(full irradiance and 31% of the full irradiance)，then analyzed the correlation between those traits and invasiveness. It was found that C.lanceolata was a lightfavoring species，and that the high relative growth rate(RGR)and photosynthetic capacity based on mass basis(Am)contributed to improve its competitiveness under high light environment. In partly shaded conditions，the significant decrease in RGR and Am of C.lanceolata reduced its competitiveness. However，other traits related to biomass allocation and resource capturerelated traits，such as leaf area ratio(LAR)，stem mass ratio(SMR)，leaf mass ratio(LMR)and specific leaf area(SLA)were not always higher for C.lanceolata than for its cooccurring species even under high light environment. The reaction norm of C.lanceolata to light showed a masterofsometrades pattern，which means that C.lanceolata could only increase population densities under favorable conditions.

Service value evaluations of the forest ecosystem in Chizhou

ZHANG LeQin1， FANG YuYuan1， XU Yang2， XU XinWang1 — 2015/12/16 11:38:35

Chizhou City is the first national ecological economy demonstration and the pilot of the “China Agenda 21 Century”. Based on LY/T17212008 “The Assessment Standard of Forest Ecosystem Service Value” and the data provided by various governmental agencies of Chizhou，this paper estimated the forest ecosystem service value of Chizhou by the methods，such as empirical study，literature study and willing investigation. The results suggested that，in 2009，the forest ecosystem service value and the forest fruit production value of Chizhou were 443.30×108 Yuan and 16897×108 Yuan，respectively. The ecosystem service value was 2.62 times as much as the real value of production. The values of different ecosystem services arranged as follows:storage and retention of water＞fixing carbon and releasing oxygen＞biodiversity conservation＞air cleaning capacity＞soil conservation＞forest recreation＞forest protective efficiency＞nutrient accumulation. The valuation can not only provide theoradic evidence and statistic sustain for Chizhou sustainable development，but also enhance people’s forest protection consciousness.

Pollen and resource limitations to fruit set of Qingyangshen (Cynanchum otophyllum)

WANG DingKang1， SUN GuiFang2， ZHAI ShuHua1， CHEN Xue1， WANG Zai3 — 2015/12/16 11:38:35

To test the relationship of pollen limitations and resource limitations with fruit set，the experiments of pollen limitations to fruit set of Cynanchum otophyllum（Asclepiadaceae）were handpollinated in a wild population，while resource limitations to fruit set were performed in a cultivated population. The results were as follows:The fruit set of artificial selfing，natural pollination and artificial outcrossing were 1.7%,2.25% and 24% separately，which showed pollens from different sources had significant effect on fruit set of C.otophyllum. The fruit set of fertilized and nonfertilized plants were 5.12% and 3.17%. After removing 0-80% flowers, the fruit set increased from 3.28% to 15.34%. With the increasing percentages of cutting leaves from 0 to 100%，the fruit set decreased from 322% to 1.35%，which showed resource limitations had significant effect on fruit set of C.otophyllum.

Canopy structural parameters and understory light regimes of 3 artificial forest stands in South China

JIA XiaoRong1，2， SU ZhiYao1，2， OU YuDuan1， XIE DanDan1 — 2015/12/16 11:38:35

Canopy parameters and understory light regimes of three artificial forest stands in South China，i.e.，Eucalyptus，slash pine and mixed forest stands，were estimated using hemispherical photography based on quadrat method together with plant census，and the relationship between canopy structure and understory light regimes was analyzed. Leaf area indexes(LAI)of the 3 artificial forest stands were 1.9，2.7，and 2.6，respectively，and their CV(coefficient of variation)was 11.3%，14.4%，and 19.3%，respectively. Canopy Openness(CO)was 18.1%，10.4% and 11.0%，and their CV was 13.9%，17.7%and 26.2%，respectively；Transmitted direct gap light(TransDir)was 6.5，4.0 and 3.9 mol• m2•d1，respectively，and their CV was 22.1%，22.9%and 30.8%，respectively. Transmitted diffuse gap light(TransDif)was 5.5，3.2 and 3.3 mol•m2•d1，respectively，and their CV was 15.2%，14.8% and 19.2%，respectively. High spatial heterogeneity in understory light regimes was found in the mixed forest stand. Correlation analysis indicated that in all the 3 forest stands TransDif was significantly correlated with LAI or CO，while TransDir was significantly correlated with LAI or CO in the mixed forest stand. Canopy structure of the mixed forest stand exhibited higher spatial heterogeneity and had a direct impact on understory light regimes.

Research on media selection and cutting effects in the cuttage of Picea abies

2015/12/16 11:38:35

Using sixyearold Picea abies as ortets，a systematic study was conducted on the response of different cutting conditions to rooting and growth of cutting，the effect of media in degradable containers on the cutting growth was observed at the same time. The results showed that the formation of callosity was started to form at 20 d after propagated，the root tip was appeared at 37 d，the time between 50-65 d was the fatigue of rooting and the development period of root system，the root system was formed basically when 65 d. There was extremely significant differences of rooting rates among different media, peat+ char rice husk (1∶2) was the ideal medium for P.abies cutting propagation. The cutting conditions had significant effect on the formation of root and seedling，the rooting rate of the primary lateral branch could reach 100%. The rooting rate of the cuttings with top bud was higher than that of the cuttings without top bud. The optimum cutting length was 5-10 cm . The cutting age and position effect were distinct，the cuttings of one or twoyearold from mother tree middle part had high cutting survival rate and the roots of survival seedlings were upgrowth and haleness. The cutting seedlings propagated from different cutting conditions were cultivated for one year, and they exhibited great variations in mass growth，which was related with the cuttings health.

Research on the environmental factors regulating the phenotypic states of gender plasticity in Alternanthera philoxeroides

DENG RuFang， LIU WenPing， LIU Wei* — 2015/12/16 11:38:35

Metastability plasticity could significantly affect the fitness and response model of individual plant to environment. Therefore，it is important to explore the inducement and operating mechanism of metastability plasticity. Alternanthera philoxeroides shows metastable plasticity on gender trait，but stable plasticity on other phenotypic variations. In this study，orthogonal experiments were conducted to quantify the plasticity of phenotypic traits on A.philoxeroides，under various control conditions. The result showed that:(1)environmental factors that determine the gender plasticity are also the primary factors for many other plastic traits；(2)under different control environment，monoclinous and completely pistillate genets are the majority of experimental plants，while incomplete pistillody individuals are less than 1.0% of the total. Through the results，we can make the conclusions that，A.philoxeroides has two metastable states for gender trangeneration plasticity，and this metastability plasticity is intrinsically caused by individual plant.

Effects of cadmium stress on growth and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of Salixaureopendula seedlings

SUN XiaoCan1， WEI Hong1*， TIAN XiaoFeng2， JIA ZhongMin3 — 2015/12/16 11:38:35

In order to reveal the effects of cadmium stress on the growth rate，net photosynthetic rate (Pn)，photosynthetic pigment content and chlorophyll florescence parameters (Fv/Fm，ΦPSⅡ and qP) of the young potted Salix×aureopendula were determined. The following conclusions were approved:the growth rate，Pn and chlorophyll florescence parameters of the young Salix×aureopendula cultured in 2 mg•kg1 cadumium medium firstly decreased and then increased as time goes by；while they dropped dramatically with the time in 20 mg•kg1 and 80mg•kg1 cadmium conditioned soil media. It’s concluded that 20 mg•kg1 and 80 mg•kg1 but not 2 mg•kg1 cadmium stress had significant effect on the growth of the young seeding. No changes of the photosynthetic pigment content was detected 40 days after the cadmium stress treatment. However，it increased and decreased in low and high cadmium concentration respectively 90 days after the treatments. Above all，the results suggested that the young potted Salix×aureopendula showed the best tolerance and photosynthetic adaptability under 2 mg•kg1 cadmium stress.

Morphology and physiological characteristics of flower development in Camellia changii Ye， an endangered and rare plant

ZHU GaoPu1， LI JiYuan1*， LI XinLei1，  FAN ZhengQi1， NI Sui1，2 — 2015/12/16 11:38:35

The flower development morphology and physiological characteristics of Camellia changiiYe，one of the endangered and rare species，were investigated. The formation sites and five developmental stages of flower buds were identified by observation，statistics and freehand section. Meanwhile，the dynamic changes among soluble sugar，soluble protein and nucleic acid contents were mensurated by ultraviolet absorption method. The results showed that flower buds sites were mainly located on the top of shoots，accounting for about 70.0%；formation sites of flower and leaf buds competed with each other. Flower buds at different stages had different trend among soluble sugar，soluble protein and nucleic acid contents. The soluble sugar content was the highest in all stages；soluble protein had the highest content at middle stage(Stage 3)；the rate of contents among soluble sugar，nucleic acid and soluble protein were about 10∶2∶1 in Stage 5.

Regulation of endogenic abscisic acid （ABA） for cold resistance of superior provenance Pinus massoniana under low temperature stress

YANG ZhangQi1，2 — 2015/12/16 11:38:35

This paper aimed to study endogenic ABA in different provenances and endogenic protective enzymes system dynamic changing laws as well as interaction of them under serial low temperature gradient，with leaves of two superior provenances of Pinus massoniana as materials. The results indicated that P.massoniana controlled the changing of endogenic protective enzyme by changing endogenic ABA during temperature dropping and tuned interaction of multiple enzymes to resist low temperature. Endogenic ABA and SOD were sensitive to suprazero low temperature and were regulatory substance of sensitive to cold injury. If ABA and SOD peaked in less time before suprazero low temperature coming，their activities would be higher，their ongoing time would be longer and cold resistance of P.massoniana would be stronger. CAT，POD and PPO were sensitive to subzero low temperature and were enzymes of sensitive to freezing injury. The activities of CAT，POD and PPO were higher and persistence time was longer，the stronger cold resistance would be. Under stress of low temperature，the priming sequence of the four enzymes of P.massoniana followed as SOD，CAT，POD and PPO from strong to week. Endogenic ABA could decrease descend of activities of SOD and CAT and also could increase activity of POD. P.massoniana with cold resistance ability had large number content of endogenic ABA and protective enzyme and their persistence time was long. The priming time of endogenic ABA and SOD was early，yet CAT，POD and PPO primed fairly slow. So evaluation of cold resistance ability for P.massoniana was a complicated physiological process with multiple factors interacting each other. It was important to consider synthetically multiple factors included enzyme active，changing，priming and persisting time and so on among all kinds of enzymes and to evaluate them synthetically.

Carbon storage and allocation of Phyllostachys edulis forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest in Dagangshan mountain, Jiangxi

2016/1/15 3:04:59

Based on the permanent plot and investigation,the biomass,carbon storage and its allocation of Phyllostachy edulis forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest were studied. The results showed that the mean carbon concentrations among tree species were significantly different. The average carbon concentration in organs of Ph.edulis changed in the order of culm(47.53%)>branch(46.49%)>rhizome(46.10%)>root(45.30%)>leaf(42.22%),in the order of trunk(45.53%)>leaf(44.96%)>branch(43.63%)>root(43.09%)for Castanopsis fargesii,and 40.21%-49.54% for different organs of other woody species. The carbon concentration of soil of 2 forests are 4.15%-0.58% and 3.62%-0.43% from 0 to 100 cm depth respectively,with higher carbon concentration and storage in the layer of 0-20 cm than in the other layer. The total carbon storage of Ph.edulis forest and broad-leaved forest were 226.75 tC·hm^-2 and 267.94 tC·hm^-2 respectively. The spatial distribution pattern of carbon storage was basically consistent in the order of soil layer>trees layer>shrub and herb and litter layer. The carbon storage and its allocation among their organs in tree layer were found to be highly correlated with their biomass. Annual carbon fixation of plant layers in Ph.edulis forest was 4.76 tC·hm^-2·a^-1,amounted to 17.45 tCO₂·hm^-2·a^-1,higher than that of evergreen broad-leaved forest of 15.22 tCO₂·hm^-2·a^-1.

Studies on the correlation between the branch and leaf morphological variation of Diplopanax stachyanthus and the environmental factors

2016/1/15 3:04:59

Nine natural populations of Diplopanax stachyanthus,which belongs to the Grade II state-protected endangered plants,were sampled from Hunan,Guangdong,Guangxi,and Yunnan provinces. Variation of 20 morphological characters within and between populations was measured,and the correlations among morphological characters,and between these characters and environmental factors,were investigated. In addition,UPGMA-based cluster analysis and principal components analysis(PCA)were performed using the phenotypic data. The results revealed morphological variation within and among the populations of D.stachyanthus. Among the nine populations,the highest mean value of all measured morphological traits,especially that of branch traits,occurred in the two Huaping populations(HP1,HP2). The mean variation coefficients also varied among populations,with the ordering of NL2>MS2>FD>MS1>EHZ>HP2>HP1> DYS&NL1. The variance analysis revealed significant among-population variation in 13 morphological characters(P<0.05,0.01 or 0.001,respectively),with F values ranging from 0.184 to 31.788. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the correlation was high among vegetative organs. The environmental factors,including average temperature in January,minimum temperature,annual average temperature and soil organic matter,could significantly affect the growth of D.stachyanthus. Cluster analysis showed that the morphological differentiation was not correlated with the geographic isolation among populations. PCA analysis resolved three principal components that explained 66% of the total variation.

Comparison of community structure between two artificial coniferous forests in the Tuojiang River Valley

2016/1/15 3:04:59

By using plot sample method,community structure of two artificial forests were studied in a low mountain area of the Tuojiang River Valley. The results showed that there were less Pinus elliottii seedlings and saplings in P.elliottii community compared with P.massoniana community. Individuals of P.massoniana were 38% more than those of P.elliottii. However,average hight and average diameter of tree crown of P.elliottii were 32.7% and 22.2% bigger than that of P.massoniana,respectively. Judged from height and DBH(diameter at breast height)structure,individuals of P.massoniana distributed through all classes. On the contrary,P.elliottii population had no individuals of class Ⅰ and Ⅱ,and was dominated by the biggest trees,suggesting that it was difficult for the population to regenerate in the future. P.massoniana at each height class could form certain coverage,but P.elliottii individuals under 1 m could not form any coverage,indicating that P.elliottii population was short of seedlings and saplings,which was consistent with the conclusion drawn from height and DBH study. Aboveground biomass yield of tree layer in P.elliottii stand was bigger than that in P.massoniana stand,while biomass of shrub layer in P.elliottii stand was smaller than that in P.massoniana stand. As to biomass of herb layer,the two stands had no significant difference. Species diversity in both shrub layer and herb layer in P.massoniana community was higher than that in P.elliottii community,which was closely related to big coverage of tree layer in P.elliottii community,because big coverage of tree layer could exert an strong negative influence on plants under tree layer. Considering fast afforestation and production of wood,it is more suitable for P.elliottii to be grown widely.

A pilot study of establishment limitation of Quercus wutaishanica seedlings in Malan Forest Region on Mt.Ziwuling

2016/1/15 3:04:59

In Manlan forest region on Mt.Ziwuling,four types of stands(Pinus tabulaeformis forest,Quercus wutaishanica forest,Shurb and Grassland)were selected for seed sowing experiments. The growth data of seedlings establishing in four habitats were measured continiously in 3 years. The results showed that,in every stands,seeds addition could lead to higher seedling emergence,but the great deal of seedlings were dead after three years and the peak value presented in the third year. Under closure conifer and oak forest canopies,the seedling emergence and survival rates of Q.wutaishanica were higher than them in open shrub and grassland stands. The seedling height and diameter had no significant difference among three years. The early regeneration of Q.wutaishanica in this local,was limited by seed and microsite together. The litter thickness and light intensity were the primary microsite limitation factors. The invasion of Q.wutaishanica towards conifer plantation may be improved by artificial seed sowing and litter disturbing.