Elatostema(Urticaceae)are described as new, of which, E. anlongense was discovered from Guizhou Provice, and is related to E. sublineare W. T. Wang, differing from the latter in its glabrous stems and leaves, braoder long elliptic or narrowly obovate leaf blades, not corniculate staminate bracts, sessile pistillate capitula, 3-4-lobed pistillate receptacles, and penicillate stigma. The other new species, E. pachycephalum was discovered from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and is related to E. fugongense W. T. Wang, differing from the latter in its thinner membranous adaxially strigose leaf blades, shorter petioles, longer terete and densely puberulous staminate penduncles, and the staminate involucres consisting of 1-seriate, not corniculate bracts.]]> 2016/10/6 0:00:00 WANG Wen-cai 42true Melilotoides ruthenica var. tianzhuensis C. L. Xu, a new variety of Leguminosae from Gansu, China, is described. It primarily differs from the typical one, by having shorter internode, smaller leaves with broadly ovate or obovate leaflets. And its' corolla is pure yellow, without purple stripes.]]> 2016/10/6 0:00:00 1,2]]> XU Chang-Lin^1,2 41true Olea europaea, the structural characteristics of ovules, pollination and fertilization process of ovules to master the various stages of time and the completed percentage of ovary pollination and fertilization. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe pollen tube growth, and the paraffin slice technique was used to observe the ovary pollination and fertilization in olive of ‘EZhi-8'. The results showed that the ‘EZhi-8' is one ovary two ovules four ventricles with developed nucellus, orthotropous and crassinucellate ovule. Pollen grains germinated immediately when they were fallen on stigma, then pollen tubes grew in the transmitting tissue of style, entering ovary and growing on the surface of endocuticle of ovary wall, and passing micropore through placenta and funicle. Pollen tube was released two sperms, one entered egg and another in the secondary nucleus, which was a fusion process of male and female. The performance time of pollination and fertilization was as follows: pollen grains germinated very soon on stigma, and the pollen tube grew into the ovule micropyle and released sperm for 60 d after flowering. After flowering, within 10 d fertilization was finished, 30 d developed omphalos-embryo and within 40 d maturation occurred. A tatol of 612 ovary slices were observed by treating with a series of paraffin treatments, the highly developed ovaries of ‘EZhi-8' accounted for 97.53%, the finishment of pollination and fertilization process of ovules accounted for 15.52%. Our results showed that there were about 85% of ovules were not fertilized in the natural conditions, which affected the fruit setting to a certain extent.]]> 2016/10/6 0:12:01 1, SHI Yan-Hu¹, WU Wen-Jun¹, ZHU Zhen-Jia²]]> JIANG Cheng-Ying¹, SHI Yan-Hu¹, WU Wen-Jun¹, ZHU Zhen-Jia² 40true Lilium, seven inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR)primers were chosen to analyze genetic diversity of 21 wild species of Lilium. POPGENE1.32 and MEGA5.1 were used for data analysis. Results showed that a total of 149 clear DNA bands were amplified, 136 of which were polymorphic, the proportion was 91.06%. The average value of effective number of alleles was 1.762 4. The average value of Nei's gene diversity was 0.421 4, and the average value of Shannon's Information index was 0.608 5. The genetic distance ranged from 0.307 5 to 0.887 3. The genetic distance between L. leucanthum and L. leucanthum var. centifolium was a maximum of selected 21 parts of wild lily material, average value 0.887 3, which indicated that the genetic relationship between them was the fartherest. Whereas the genetic distance between L. leucanthum var. centifolium and L. lophophorum was a minimum of selected 21 parts of wild lily material, average value 0.307 5, which indicated genetic relationship between them was the closest. The clustering results were basically consistent with the morphology classification. Twenty-one wild Lilium species were classified into five clustering groups by neighbor joining method. L. taliense, L. duchartrei, L. lancifolium, L. nepalense, L. papilliferum, L. davidii, L. davidii var. unicolor, L. pumilum, L. fargesii and L. dauricum were clustered in the first group. And L. leucanthum Baker var. centifolium, L. leucanthum, L. nepalense, L. regale, L. sargentiae belong to the second group. L. brownie, L. brownii var. viridulum were clustered in the third group. L. tsingtauense formed a distinct group and L. lophophorum, L. amoenum, L. concolor var. pulchellum were clustered in the fifth group. L. dauricum has close genetic relationship with sect. Sinomartagon, and there were gene exchanges existed between Sect. Lophophorum and Sect. Sinomartagon. This indicated that it was not accurate to classify the wild Lilium all depend on the morphology. L. brownii var. viridulum and L. brownie were clustered into one individual group in cluster analysis results. This result showed that whether it has petioles was an important morphological character in the classification of wild lilies. And all the results indicated that ISSR markers were suited to study the phylogenetic relationship of wild lilies.]]> 2016/10/6 0:12:01 *, NIU Li-Xin]]> HOU Jun, LUO Jian-Rang, XIAO Fei-Fei, ZHANG Yan-long^*, NIU Li-Xin 39true Epimedium, we studied seven species of medicinal plants of Chinese Epimedium karyotype, using the conventional pressed discmethod, on the basis of related and summary of phase information consult of karyotype analysis. The results showed that the somatic chromosome numbers were 2n=2x=12, the cardinal numbes were x=6. The E. shuichengense, E. glandulosopilosum, E. baojingense, E. wushanense and E. flavum had four pairs of m chromosome and two pairs of sm chromosomes, and karyotype for mul as were 2n=2x=12=8m(2SAT)+4sm, among them, analysis on E. shuichengense and E. glandulosopilosum karyotype was reported for the first time; E. ilicifolium, E. Truncatum 2n=2x=12=6m(2SAT)+6sm. The second pair of chromosomes of E. glandulosopilosum were with the middle satellite, and the first pair chromosome of other species were with the middle satellite. E. glandulosopilosum, E. baojingense, E. wushanense, E. ilicifolium, E. Truncatum and E. flavum belonged to “2A” of Stebbins, E. shuichengense belonged to “1A” of Stebbins. The results showed that the differentiation degree of Epimedium karyotype was lower, the correlation between geographical distribution, morphological characteristics and karyotype were smaller, and karyotype structure and geographical distribution, morphological characteristics correlation was smaller. Therefore, Epimedium was a more conservative in karyotype evolution of taxa. It was very difficult to identify the barrenwort subordinate species and genetic evolution using the karyotype analysis, even within distant species, its karyotype systematics had limited significance, but in the classification level of genera, karyotype analysis still had larger reference value.]]> 2016/10/6 0:12:01 1, HE Shun-Zhi^1*, XU Wen-Fen¹, LI Zhong-Hong²]]> YAN Fu-Lin¹, HE Shun-Zhi^1*, XU Wen-Fen¹, LI Zhong-Hong² 38true Alopecurus was a common and widespread genus of Poaceae subfamily Pooideae. It was common across temperate and cold regions of the north hemisphere, South America. Alopecurus is a genus of eight species distributed in China. They are Alopecurus aequalis, A. japonicus, A. arundinaceus, A. brachystachyus, A. myosuroides, A. longiaristatus, A. longiaristatus, and A. pratensis. A few, particularly Alopecurus aequalis and A. japonicus, were considered weeds, other species were used as fine grasses for animals. It is of great significance to infer systematic relationships among species of Alopecurus. But there are few studies about the leaf morphology of Alopecurus. The micromorphology of leaf abaxial epidermis(including leaf sheath)was observed under light microscope and scanning electron microscope for seven species of Alopecurus occurring in China. The results were as follows:(1)The leaf sheath epidermis of Alopecurus were characterized by long-tubular or short-tubular cells with markedly sinuousness cell walls, elliptic or crescentic short cells distributed solitary or in pairs, elliptic silica bodies, parallel-sided or low dome-shaped subsidiary cells. The morphology of leaf sheath epidermis was highly consistent. The evidences of leaf sheath epidermis made no sense to distinguish species of Alopecurus. There was nearly no significant differences exited at species level.(2)Leaf epidermis structure and leaf epidermis sheath structure were significantly different. The leaf abaxial epidermis of Alopecurus was characterized by long-tubular or short-tubular or rhombic long cells with straight or undulating walls, presence or absence of short cells in intercostal zone, presence of prickles in costal, presence or absence of prickles in intercostal zone, parallel-sided subsidiary cells, horizontally elongated crenate silica-cell in costal zone. Some epidermal features varied in the shape and wall thickness of long cells, presence or absence of short cells, the numbers of prickles in intercostal zones, the rows of stomata. These diversities could provide the evidences for classification of species. A key of the species of the genus Alopecurus on the basis of the leaf morphology was present in the paper. In addition, the type of division on the basis of leaf epidermis morphology was not entirely consistent with sections identified based on external morphology. But due to limited species of the research, the leaf epidermal micromorphology for the significance of Alopecurus's classification still needs further research.]]> 2016/10/6 0:12:01 *]]> DING Xin, DING Liang-Xia, LI Jian-Xia, XU Chong-Mei^* 37true Elaeagnus Linn. in Xinjiang namely E. moorcroftii, E. oxycarpa and E. angustifolia was observed by scanning electron microscopy,18 samples were analyzed using the method of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. We conducted an investigation and collection of 3 species of Elaeagnus,collection locations including Urumqi,Hami, Turpan, Akesu, Yili and Kashi area. Specimen collection was divided into two periods,we collected flowering specimens in May and gathered fruit in the following year,and then identification. The identification of 3 species based on the description in China and Desert Flora, Flora of China, РАСТИТЕЛЬНОЕ СЫРЬЕСССР, ФЛОРА СССР and Флора Таджикской ССР. We selected 6 samples each kind from the identification results, a total of 18 kinds. The pollen was spread evenly on the sample stage sticked double-sided adhesive tape, placed in the Hitachi HUS-5GB, metal spraying and ion sputtering coating in vacuum about 10 minutes, and removed the sample and observed them by scanning electron microscope. Firstly, we observed whether there existed differences in morphological characters,then expanded the multiples to measure polar axis and equatorial axis. We described the three kinds of Elaeagnus Linn. pollen of the length of polar axis,the length of equatorial axis, the polar view,the equatorial view, the hole groove shape and the exine ornamentation,etc. morphology characteristics comprehensively, and carried on the data analysis.We selected 8 indicators with the specified character encoding,namely 4 quantitative indexes,4 qualitative indexes,each kind was taken the minimum, maximum and average,represented variation amplitude. In order to obtain the reliable result of cluster analysis, we classified significant differences of the measurement indexes, and then through principal component analysis,calculated the principal component scores respectively, according to the selection index,Q type clustering,obtained respectively three clustering results. The results of principal component analysis and cluster analysis were as follows:(1)Pollen morphology of 3 species were in the medium size; the type of aperture were tricolporate type.(2)The pollen polar view shaped from the triangle, obtusely triangular to rounded triangular; pollen equator view shaped from water caltrop shape, half round to oblate; exine ornamentation from crisped to holes.(3)Cluster the 5 indexes reflected pollen morphology of principal components:the selected indicators could not distinguish the kinds; pollen morphology in polar view and equator view was used as the index of clustering also could not distinguish the three kinds; by pollen grain size as indexes, the pollen size of E. moorcroftii could be distinguished. In addition to the pollen size of E. moorcroftii pollen morphology of E. oxycarpa and E. angustifolia of E. Linn. Plants in Xinjiang should not be applied directly to the division of species. The research results are helpful for finding out the feasibility of species identification and provides the pollen basis about the research on variety classification andevolution relationship, based on Elaeagnus Linn. deciduous group of pollen in Xinjiang.]]> 2016/7/12 14:36:42 *]]> WANG Pan-Pan, Tursunguri-TOHTI, HUANG Jun-Hua^* 36true Viola tuberifera is a typical dimorphic cleistogamous plant which endemic to Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its eastern neighbour region, belongs to perennial herb, possessing mixed-mating reproductive system, which conducts not only sexual propagation via both open, aerial chasmogamous(CH)flowers in spring and closed, obligate self-pollinating aerial and subterranean cleistogamous(CL)flowers in summer, but also asexual reproduction via new bulbs in autumn reproducing offsprings through winter. Chasmogamous flowers depend on pollinator, such as bumblebees, obligate cross-fertilization producting bigger and few seeds. Cleistogamous flowers do not need pollinators, they can pollinate by themselves and produce smaller and abundant seeds. Further to say, survival ratio of chasmogamous flowers seedings is lower than the cleistogamous flowers offprings. In particular, while plant under harsh environment, cleistogamy can provide reproductive assurance and cost economically. Three flowers are all sexual propagation. Only vegetative organ-bulbs via asexual propagation. Bulbs prapagation can also assure reproduction under adverse habitat. Especially in alpine ecosystem, plants always face to pollination limatation, at this time vegetative propagation can produce offsprings which are similar to stock plant and form ramets to fight for habitats and resources. Parents and offsprings together resist stern climate and through cold environment. That is to say, bulbs reproduction can ensure V. tuberifera surivial and continuation in the high alpine environment and cost mininum resources to through winter. Sexual reproduction is conducted before asexual reproduction and two opposite reproductive strategies can ensure survival together in the whole life history. In the alpine district, allogamy always face pollen limitation and cannot assure plants reproduction, whereas autogamy and clonal reproduction are alternative choices to ensure propagation of plants populations, as well as clonal reproduction can furtherly assure offsprings' survival with the lowest resources assumption. In this paper, mixed-mating plant-V. tuberifera in eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau alpine meadow were chosen as study material, probing into size-dependent on bulbs allocation during life-history, aiming at how V. tuberifera could trade off resource allocation on bulbs to adapt to changes of individual size, providing evidence for life-history evolution of clonal reproduction in alpine plants. The results showed that bulbs allocation of V. tuberifera endemic to eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau existed size-dependent in the whole life history, bulbs allocation and individual size showed extremely significantly negative exponent correlationship(P<0.01). The bigger the individual size was, the lower the bulbs allocation was, and vice versa. Although individual size was small, plants allocate amounts of resources to asexual organ—bulbs, assuring propagation in winter and survive themselves. When the bulbs allocation came to the maximum, though individual size became bigger, proportion of bulbs did not change any more. Therefore, that individual size controlled resource allocation was within a definite range. Beyond the certain range, individual size no longer affected bulbs allocation. That is to say, resource allocation on bulbs in V. tuberifera is controlled by individual size in a certain range, plants via altering proportion of bulbs allocation to adapting to inner resource condition changes of V. tuberifera, ensuring plants population survival and offsprings propagation in the alpine environments.]]> 2016/7/12 14:36:42 *]]> HAO Nan, SU Xue, WU Qiong, CHANG Li-Bo, ZHANG Shi-Hu, SUN Kun^* 35true T and R_L were 2.65-5.77, 0.52-0.82, 28.89%-39.95% and 44.89%-55.57%, respectively. Epidermal cell of litchi was small, polygon, anticlinal wall arc, lower epidermal without trichomes, and stoma was long oval; epidermal cell of longan was big, irregular, anticlinal wall sinuate, lower epidermal with trichomes, and stoma was oval or suborbicular; epidermal cell morphology of longli was similar with longan, but its anticlinal wall was corrugated. The cluster analysis found that 10 accessions were firstly divided into 2 categories, which are Litchi and Dimocarpus. And then the Sanyuehong and longli were separated as subgroup in each category.]]> 2016/7/12 16:15:55 1, 2, HUANG He-Ping^1,2, YIN Li-Xin^{1, 2}, CHEN Ze-Bin^{1, 2}, HUA Jin-Zhu^{1, 2}, NIU Yan-Fen^{1, 2}, LIU Jia-Ni^{1, 2}]]> ZHANG Yong-Fu^{1, 2}, HUANG He-Ping^1,2, YIN Li-Xin^{1, 2}, CHEN Ze-Bin^{1, 2}, HUA Jin-Zhu^{1, 2}, NIU Yan-Fen^{1, 2}, LIU Jia-Ni^{1, 2} 34true Schoenoplectus gemmifer C. Sato, T. Maeda & Uchino was found to occur in Jingning She Autonomous County in Zhejiang Province, China. This represents a new record of this species from China. The species is similar to Schoenoplectus mucronatus, but differs from the latter in its caulis soft texture, shorter spikelets, style 2, asexual reproduction buds on caulis, and its chromosome number was 2n = 78 ± 2(while 2n = 44 for S. mucronatus). It has great academic value to research the relationship between China and Japan as a special and rare species in Japan.]]> 2016/7/12 16:29:39 1, LIU Ri-Lin², CHEN Zheng-Hai³, JI Bi-Hao⁴, YE Wen-Jing², LI Gen-You^5*]]> DAI Ying-Chao¹, LIU Ri-Lin², CHEN Zheng-Hai³, JI Bi-Hao⁴, YE Wen-Jing², LI Gen-You^5* 33true Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora(Scrophulariaceae), a monotypic genus perennial species, is endemic to the Eastern Himalayas and the Hengduan Mountains region. It only distributes in Yunnan and Tibet in China, ranging from 3 600 m to 4 200 m in elevation. The long and creep rhizomes(Rhizoma Neopicrorhizae)are of high medicinal value and dysentery by traditional Chinese and Tibetan medicine. Mainly because of large-scale acquisitions activity, natural populations of this species have suffered rapid declines and now it is classified as an endangered species under second category of key protected wild plants in China. In order to protect the decreasing natural genetic resources of N. scrophulariiflora, in this study, the chloroplast DNA(cpDNA)trnL-F noncoding sequence was used to estimate the genetic diversity and genetic structure and the evolutionary significant units(ESU)were proposed. A total of 91 individuals of N. scrophulariiflora were collected from seven populations, covering almost all areas of its distribution ranges. Of these seven populations, four were from Yunnan Province and three populations were from Tibet. The statistical results showed that the haplotype sequences length varied from 871 bp to 876 bp. A total of five haplotypes were detected based on trnL-F nucleotide variation. Yunnan contains three haplotypes and Tibet contains two. However, none of common haplotypes were shared between the populations from Yunnan and Tibet. A normal low level of genetic diversity(Hd = 0.434 19)and nucleotide diversity(Dij = 0.004 66)were identified at the species level. A high level of genetic differentiation(0.96)among populations was revealed. AMOVA results from chloroplast data indicated that 0.78% of the genetic variation was partitioned within population, 60.97% among populations within groups, and 38.25% among groups under the condition that N. scrophulariiflora was divided into two groups including Yunnan and Tibet. The U-statistic test for phylogeographical structure showed that N_ST was significantly higher than G_ST (N_ST >G_ST, P < 0.01), which suggested a distinctly phylogeographical pattern The gene flow(Nm)was extremely low with only 0.04. The higher N_ST than G_ST (P<0.01)suggested a distinctly phylogeographical pattern. Conjoint Fst(0.864 520), gene flow, G_ST and AMOVA results all indicated a significant high level of genetic differentiation among populations, which could be a consequence of the limited gene flow caused by geographic isolation among populations. Phylogenetic analysis of the haplotypes sequences identified three tentative clades(Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ)according to Majority-rule consensus tree. All of which had distinct geographic range: Clade Ⅰ comprised four populations(CZ, YZ, SN, BM)which were located at the Hengduan Mountains region; Clade Ⅱ comprised one population(BMI), which was located at the Eastern Himalayas region; and Clade Ⅲ comprised two populations(DR, NLM)located at the Central Himalayas region. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and uniqueness of the populations, three evolutionary significant units(ESU)were identified and conservation strategies were discussed for this endangered species. Baimaxueshan and Cizhong, Bomi, Nielamu and Dingri populations respectively concluded in the three evolutionary significant units and the five populations all contained special haplotypes. Based on these findings, all the populations should be protected. However, in consideration of the actual distribution of every population, Baimaxueshan population from Yunnan and Bomi population from Tibet should be given priority for conservation and in situ conservation should be the ideal implement.]]> 2016/7/12 14:36:43 1, YIN Zi-Li², LIU Xiao-Li^1*]]> LI Guo-Dong¹, YIN Zi-Li², LIU Xiao-Li^1* 32true Aconitum, Delphinium, Clematis and Ranunculus respectively(Ranunculaceae)are described as new from China:(1)Aconitum tuoliense, described from Xingjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and related to A. smirnovii Steinb., differs in its glabrous stem and leaves, very dense raceme, and mostly 1-2-denticulate filaments of stamens.(2)Delphinium menyuanense, described from Qinghai Province and related to D. pylzowii Maxim., differs in its very short stem, racemose inflorescence, and undivided limbs of staminodia.(3)Clematis yuntaishanica, described from Henan Province, and related to C. parviloba Garden. & Champ., differs in its bipinnate leaves, smaller flowers, and black, nerveless filaments of stamens.(4)Clematis melanonema, described also from Henan Province and closely related to the above new species, C. yuntaishanica, differs in its smaller, narrowly ovate or lanceolate leaflets, and smaller, usually 3-flowered cymes.(5)Ranunculus wutaishanicus, described from Shanxi Province and similar to R. glareosus Hand.-Mazz., differs in its pubescent basal leaves, nectary pit of petal with a scale, and carpel with a short and thick style and a minute stigma.(6)Clemartis jingxiensis, is described as new from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. It is related to C. formosana, and from the latter differs in its sparsely puberulous stems, ovate or narrowly ovate and undivided leaflets, 1-3-flowered cymes, and in its larger sepals 1.7-2 cm long and 0.5-0.7 cm broad.]]> 2016/12/2 23:49:59 WANG Wen-cai 31true Cistanche deserticola and Cynomorium songaricum are important tonic herbs of traditional Chinese medicine, but currently their wild resource is in danger of drying up in China because of excavation excessively or incorrectly method. Cistanche deserticola is the endangered plant and Cynomorium songaricum is a rare vulnerable plant of extinction in China. The study on the parasitic forms and characters of them can promote the cultivation of them, at the same time, protect the wild medicinal herbs resource, and it has the important ecological significance on the adapted mechanism of parasitic plants to desert environment. We compared the parasitic forms of C. songaricum and Cistanche deserticola in their host plants respectively through morphology observation and routine paraffin section. The results were as follow:(1)The vegetative propagation buds of Cynomorium songaricum grew on the root of host plant one by one and the parasitic form was Non-End parasitic. The haustorium of C. songaricum invaded into phloem and partial part of xylem of host plant, but most areas of phloem and xylem were not been occupied by haustoria, namely some nutrients of host were “interception” by C. songaricum on the process of transportation.(2)Cistanche deserticola grew new buds in the base of fleshy stem, the parasitic form was End parasitic. The haustorium of C. deserticola invaded into all the xylem and phloem of host plant. After been parasitized by Cynomorium songaricum, the root of its host plant could grow continuely and have the regularly function. After been parasitized by Cistanche deserticola, the root of host plant losed normally function, and became a “Transport channel” to supply nutrition for C. deserticola.]]> 2016/12/2 23:49:59 *, GUO Nan-Nan, MA Wen-Bing, DA Qing-Jing, ZHANG Hai-Xian]]> CHEN Jin-Yuan, CHEN Xue-Lin^*, GUO Nan-Nan, MA Wen-Bing, DA Qing-Jing, ZHANG Hai-Xian 30true Crotalaria pallida is a typical plant of Papilionoideae. Althought it has evolved various adaptations to establish and spread rapidly through prolific seed production and/or asexual propagules, self-fertilization is always an important aspect to decide its colonization ability. It is widely distributed and is the most common pioneer plant on the road sides or destroyed envioronment. In our observation, it lacks pollinators in nature and also lacks vegetative reproduction. How does this species survive in such unpredictable habitats? We focus on its floral morphology, reproductive biology and pollinator behavior to explain its reproductive success. We observed flower development, detected pollen viability and stigma receptivity, performed manual pollination and monitored the behavior of main pollinators in C. pallida. Papilionaceous flowers are reported to show adaptation for bees which are their pollinators. Few insects visited the flowers. Several bees were observed visiting flowers but visiting frequency was low(1.73 ± 1.30 visits·inflorescence^-1·h^-1). Because the stigma and stamens were enclosed in the petal of the keel in the flower development, the visitors were not contacting any reproductive organs, and they could be considered as visitors not effecting pollination. The results of pollination experiments showed that C. pallida was self-compatible and was capable of autonomous selfing. In our study, both long-and short-anthers' descended time and function in fruit set were different from those autogamous species in the genus. For C. pallida, both long-anthers and short-anthers participated into selfing and there was no difference in fruit sets between long-and short-anther selfing(t=1.786, P=0.060). While for other species in the genus, autogamy was realized by short anthers. For C. pallida, therefore, automatic self-pollination increases the chances of seed production and protect it against extinction. Compared with other species, only short-anthers participate into autogamous pollination, both long- and short-anthers providing pollen grains to the stigma increases the success of pollination and fruit set, which is an evolutionary mechanism for the spread of C. pallida. This results are consistent with the hypothesis that species proficient at autogamy are better adapted to establish new populations and thus can more readily expand their range.]]> 2016/12/2 23:49:59 1, LIU Yan^1*, JIANG Qian-Cai², SUN Hong-Mei ²]]> GUO Yan-Feng¹, LIU Yan^1*, JIANG Qian-Cai², SUN Hong-Mei ² 29true Phyllostachys edulis (moso bamboo) (Bambusoideae, Poaceae)is the most important bamboo species, which has large cultivation area and is widely cultivated in China. It has important economic value for its versatile culms and delicious shoots. Besides, moso bamboo also has important ecological and cultural values. It it well known that moso bamboo has a prolonged vegetative phase lasting decades or even longer. The flowering cycle is very long and has low seed setting rate, which leads to the hardness of researching on the flower of P. edulis. Thus, the vegetative(asexual)propagation is the main way of moso bamboo reproduction. In order to investigate the mechanism of blooming of moso bamboo, the pollen's morphology, structure and the growth dynamic of pollen tube of P. edulis were observed by using scanning electron microscope and microscope based on the special blossoming characteristics of moso bamboo, which was the first report about moso bamboo pollen. The results showed that the pollen belonged to large spores. It was subglobose in the scanning electron microscope. The average diameter of pollen was 61.00 μm. The ornamentation of its outer wall was fine granular and has a round germinal aperture. There was a porous circle around the germination aperture. The outer diameter of the germinal aperture was 8.69 μm and the inner diameter was 4.52 μm. The mature pollen of P. edulis fell onto the stigma and began to germinate and formed the pollen tube. After 40 m, a large number of pollen on the stigma began to germinate. The pollen tube grew gradually, through the stigma tissue and stylet, which finally reached to the ovary. After 120 m, the tube reached to the micropyle, and then entered into the ovule and completed fertilization in sac. Finally, the embryo developed into seeds. Through the observation of pollen morphology, germination and double fertilization of P. edulis, this study provides theories and methods for further research on the stigma receptivity, physiological and biochemical of moso bamboo's pollen, improving and enriching the research content of bamboo plant reproductive biology at the same time.]]> 2016/12/2 23:49:59 1, SUN Li-Fang^1,2, RAN Hong¹, FENG Yun¹, ZHANG Yun¹, GUO Qi-Rong^1*]]> ZHANG Ying¹, SUN Li-Fang^1,2, RAN Hong¹, FENG Yun¹, ZHANG Yun¹, GUO Qi-Rong^1* 28true Sauropus spatulifolius Beille belongs to euphorbiaceae sauropus herb,which is mostly distributed in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangdong Province. S. spatulifolius Beille is the Zhuang medicine of Guangxi which is used widely. The herb can be widely used for moistening lung and stopping coughing, and the catharsis effect is significant. Modern researches show that S. spatulifolius Beille has good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The whole herb has high medicinal value, and it is contained in Chinese national pharmacopoeia. The identification method of S. spatulifolius Beille has not been established and the quality standards remained to be further perfected as so far. The microscopic identifications of the leaf and root have been reported, but the microscopic identification of stem has not been reported yet. In the paper, microscopic identification and TLC identification methods were used to identify the stem of S. spatulifolius Beille. The main microscopic characteristics of stem of S. spatulifolius Beille were as follows: cork layer was consisted of 7-12 column cells, many starch grains and fiber bundles were contained in cortex, and the phloem was narrow and the xylem was wide. The ray was obvious and the medulla was large. In the powder, there were spiral vessels, reticulated vessels, scalariform vessels, calcium oxalate crystal, fiber and small granule. In the TLC identification, the spots of the sample were the same as the control medicinal material. These characteristics provides the reference for the identification and the quality standard setting of S. spatulifolius Beille.]]> 2016/12/2 23:49:59 1,2, CHEN Ming-Wei¹, ZHEN Han-Shen^1*, HUANG Pei-Qian^1,3]]> QIU Qin^1,2, CHEN Ming-Wei¹, ZHEN Han-Shen^1*, HUANG Pei-Qian^1,3 27true H. officinalis could be divided into two main groups, namely upright group and bent group. The result was basically coincident with Leaf-shaped. Meanwhile upright group can also be divided into two groups, namely leptosomatic group and stubby group, corresponding to typical H. officinalis and middle type. Therefore, the results prove that it is reasonable that H. officinalis should be divided into three geographic clans.]]> 2016/12/2 0:00:00 1,2, YANG Zhi-Ling², MAI Jing², PAN Wen-Ting³, LI Huo-Gen^1*]]> YANG Xu^1,2, YANG Zhi-Ling², MAI Jing², PAN Wen-Ting³, LI Huo-Gen^1* 26true Glochidion J. R. & G. Forst. is a taxonomically difficult genus within the tribe Phyllantheae of the family Phyllanthaceae. In this paper, some species of the genus from China are taxonomically revised. The distribution of G. khasicum(Müll. Arg.)Hook. f. and G. obovatum Siebold & Zucc. in China, as well as the distribution of G. philippicum (Cav.)C. B. Rob. in mainland China, Hainan and Hong Kong, are all excluded. The three names Glochidion bodinieri H. Lév., G. pseudo-obscurum var. glabrum Pamp. and G. pseudo-obscurum var. lanceolatum Pamp. are accepted as the new synonyms of G. wilsonii Hutch., while the name G. vaniotii H. Lév. is excluded from Glochidion and accepted as the synonym of Orixa japonica Thunb. Additionally, the five names Glochidion khasicum(Müll. Arg.)Hook. f., G. obovatum Siebold & Zucc., G. philippicum(Cav.)C. B. Rob., G. pseudo-obscurum var. lanceolatum Pamp. and G. wilsonii Hutch. are lectotypified here]]> 2017/5/31 21:28:36 1, 2*, ZHANG Lian-Jie^{3, 4}, XUE Bin-E³]]> YAO Gang^{1, 2*}, ZHANG Lian-Jie^{3, 4}, XUE Bin-E³ 25true Amomum villosum cultivar in October 2010. In order to find out the true identity of Jinqiu, four Amomum germplasms of A. villosum cv. Changguo, A. villosum cv. Yuanguo, A. villosum cv. Zhonghua and A. longiligulare, were planted together with Jinqiu in a field in the University Town of Guangzhou. A series of experiments were conducted to classify Jinqiu subsequently. Morphological traits investigation, RAPD analysis and bioactive compound quantification were carried out among five Amomum germplasms. The results showed that Jinqiu had two types of leaf margins, one was crisped in both sides of leaf blade and the other was half of entire and half of crisped. Changguo, Yuanguo and A. longiligulare had only one type of leaf margin. Changguo and Yuanguo were entire and A. longiligulare was half of entire and half of crisped. The ligule length of Jinqiu was longer than that of Changguo and Yuanguo but shorter than that of A. longiligulare. The date of first flowering of Jinqiu was later than that of Changguo and Yuanguo but earlier than that of A. longiligulare. The fruit shape of Jinqiu was bulbous which was similar to that of Yuanguo and A. longiligulare but different from that of Changguo and Zhonghua, which was long circle. The fruit colour of Jinqiu was dark brown which was different from that of Changguo and Yuanguo but similar to that of Zhonghua and A. longiligulare. The fruit colours of Changguo and Yuanguo were red. The fruit thorn of Junqiu was sharp which was similar to that of Changguo, Yuanguo and Zhonghua, but was different from that of A. longiligulare which was blunt. So Jinqiu and Zhonghua were similar in all biological traits except fruit shape. RAPD-PCR results showed that three primers with abundant polymorphic amplified bands were randomly selected from 91 primers. That of 91.2% polymorphic ratio by one primer indicates there was high possibility of genetic variation in Amomum plants. Genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.235 3 to 0.970 6 that means there were differences among the five Amomum germplasms. According to the result of genetic relationship analysis, five germplasms were clustered into two categories: A. longiligulare was in one category and others were in another category. In the latter category, Changguo and Yuanguo were clustered into a small class; Jinqiu and Zhonghua were clustered into another small class. These results revealed that Jinqiu was a new kind of A. villosum cultivar. The weight of per thousand seeds of Jinqiu was the heaviest among that of five germplasms, and the content of volatile oil was also the highest, but the bornyl acetate content in Jinqiu had no significantly difference from others.]]> 2017/5/31 21:28:36 1, SU Jing², TANG Li-Yun³, XU Jie¹, CHEN Ru-Ping^1,4, DENG Ru-Rong¹, HE Guo-Zhen^1,5*]]> JIANG Ye¹, SU Jing², TANG Li-Yun³, XU Jie¹, CHEN Ru-Ping^1,4, DENG Ru-Rong¹, HE Guo-Zhen^1,5* 24true Aquilaria and may represent the most prized non-timber forest product, which can be used in fragrances, incense, medicines, aromatherapy, and religious ceremonies. Aquilaria is an endangered genus due to the excessive exploitation of its precious agarwood, while not all Aquilaria species can produce agarwood effectively or different Aquilaria species produce agarwood with distinctive fragrances and price. Therefore, it is an important task to improve the identification methods of Aquilaria species. In order to identify the Aquilaria species, the leaf anatomical structures of selected Aquilaria species were compared in this study. The mature leaves of the six Aquilaria species(Thymelaeaceae)were studied with light microscopy and paraffin sectioning, and twelve quantitative traits of the leaves were measured and analyzed. The result showed that the leaf structures of six Aquilaria species were similar. All leaves showed the xerophytic feature. All leaves were typical bifacial type and were composed of epidermis, mesophyll and vein. The epidermis consisted of single layer epidermal cells. The upper epidermis were much thicker than the lower epidermis. The sunken stomata existed only in lower epidermis which was sporadically covered by hairs. The stomata were of anomocytic type. The mesophyll was well developed which were composed of palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma and lithocyst. The palisade parenchyma was composed of 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells, in which many rectangular lithocyst arranged perpendicularly to the epidermis. The hypodermis was located in spongy parenchyma, which was composed of idioblasts. The micrib belonging to bicollateral bundle was well developed. The bundle sheath and pith both contain a number of idioblasts. ANOVA analysis showed that the eleven quantitative traits were significantly different among six species, except for ratio of palisade to spongy tissue. Clustering analysis showed that six species were clustered into three main groups. Group 1 consisted of A. sinensis, A. crassna and A. banaensis; Group 2 consisted of A. baillonii and A. malaccensis; Group 3 only consisted of A. yunnanensis. The results provides some new information for the species identification, but also is of great significance for the conservation and utilization of Aquilaria spp.]]> 2017/5/31 21:28:36 *, CHEN Bo]]> LIU Pei-Wei, ZHANG Yu-Xiu, YANG Yun^*, CHEN Bo 23true Fissistigma from China were studied using epidermal maceration, scanning electron microscope and paraffin section method. The results showed that the anatomical feathers of Fissistigma revealed a remarkable consistency. The leaf surface of Fissistigma were covered with bicellulate or multicellulate uniseriate trichomes. The epidermal cells contained one clustered crystal. The stomatal apparatus were paracytic with two to four subsidiary cells and only distributed on abaxial epidermis. The outer percilinal walls of abaxial epidermal cells were papllate. In the leaf midrib, there was one additional vascular strand except for normal vascular tissues. Therefore, these anatomical feathers should be contributed to differentiate the relationship among genera and support that Fissistigma is a natural group in Annonaceae. However, the form and distribution of trichomes, the shape of epidermal cells, the structures of mesophyll tissues, the sizes of papllate cells and the precise vascular structures in midrib vary obviously with species. Also, these anatomical differences between species may be used to distinguish some perplexing species such as F. minuticalyx and F. polyanthum, F. kwangsiense and F. cavaleriei, F. tungfangense and F. shangtzeense.]]> 2017/5/31 21:28:36 1, DONG Yun-Qiu², HOU Xue-Liang^3*]]> SUN Tong-Xing¹, DONG Yun-Qiu², HOU Xue-Liang^3* 22true Paris cronquistii var. xichouensis is a Yunnan endemic species, but the new records of provincial distribution of Tianlin and Napo counties in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were found in the field investigation. We updated the biological characteristics of P. cronquistii var. xichouensis by observing and describing the morphological characteristics of P. cronquistii var. xichouensis, recording phenological characteristics, and observing the geographical distribution characteristics in the field. To sum up, the supplement was about its biological characteristics. We also discussed the phylogenetic relationship based on the molecular phylogeny of ITS, psbA-trnH and trnL-trnF sequences. We found that P. cronquistii var. xichouensis had no purple plaque on its back, and had wider petals and significant difference with P. cromquistii var. cromquistii. There were also a small amount of leaf vein purple plaque, indicating that there was a transition with P. cromquistii var. cromquistii; The number of stamens of the both species were mainly three rounds, but the range of change overlapped. All phenological periods of P. cronquistii var. xichouensis were closed to P. cromquistii var. cromquistii, but had significant difference with P. vietnamensis; Multi-sequence molecular phylogenetic studies showed that P. cronquistii var. xichouensis and P. cromquistii var. cromquistii were always collected as one, confirming the relationship between the two species. We completed the description of the biological characteristics of P. cronquistii var. xichouensis, and reported for the first time that there was a transition between P. cromquistii var. cromquistii and P. cronquistii var. xichouensis, and pheno-logical characteristics were more consistent, overlap of geographical distribution centers, molecular systematics adjacent to each other, still supported P. cronquistii var. xichouensis as a variant of the P. cromquistii var. cromquistii.]]> 2018/5/30 15:44:16 1, ZHANG Kaiyuan¹, YIN Xianmei¹, XUE Dan², ZHANG Hao², YIN Hongxiang^3*]]> RAO Wenxia¹, ZHANG Kaiyuan¹, YIN Xianmei¹, XUE Dan², ZHANG Hao², YIN Hongxiang^3* 21true , Chengdu 611137, China; 3. College of Ethnomedicine, Chengdu]]> 2018/5/30 15:44:16 *]]> SUN Ying, CUI Lanming, LI Mengyu, WANG Lei, WANG Huan, HE Miao^* 20true , Chengdu 611137, China]]> 2018/5/30 15:44:16 *, GAO Ting, ZHOU Xuan]]> CHENG Caixia, SU Xue^*, GAO Ting, ZHOU Xuan 19true Daphne has important medicinal and ornamental values and it is rich in resources in China. Low fruit setting rate is a feature of the genus, and limits its further development and utilization. As the machanism for low fruit setting is unclear and few related studies have been carried out, especially in China, almost no one has carried out such relevant work. We explored the reasons for low natural fruit setting rate of D. aurantiaca, using D. aurantiaca as research material, through studying its sexual reproduction and pollination characteristics, including the measurement of floral traits, the detection of pollen viability by MTT solution and stigma receptivity by benzidine-H₂O₂ solution, observation of stigma and pollen morphology by scanning electron microscope(SEM), and survey the visit rates of pollinators. The breeding system was tested by pollen ovule rate(P/O)and artificial pollination experiment. The results showed that pollen grains of D. aurantiaca had activities and stigmas had receptivities, and stigma and pollen developed normally through the SEM observation, which indicated that both male and female functions were normal. The flower structure of D. aurantiaca was special, flowers were very small, tubular structure, stigma-anther separation, with anthers consisting of two wheels arranged in the middle and top of corolla tube while stigma in the base of corolla tube. During the day time we did not see any effective visitors, and at night we found the main pollinator of D. aurantiaca was moths, with low visiting rate. We only found two moths in the whole period of the visitor observation, and one moth visited three flowers and the other visited two flowers in the same plant. Both P/O and artificial pollination experiments showed that the breeding system of D. aurantiaca was obligated out-crossing and self-incompatible. The fruit setting rate of D. aurantiaca was very low, only 1.4% in natural pollination and 23.3% in artificial cross-pollination. Its low fruit setting rate may be restricted by the large amount of flowers per plant, the inbreeding depression, the shortage of outcross pollen grains, resource limit and the influence of the flower structure. This study can provide theoretical basis for the utilization, preservation and expansion of D. aurantiaca resources.]]> 2018/5/30 15:44:16 *]]> LIU Shujuan, YANG Aihong, ZHOU Hua, YU Faxin^* 18true Salvia sinealba in plant taxonomy, which is a uniquely important medicinal plant in Shandong, root anatomy, leaf epidermis, flowers and pollen grains morphology of S. sinealba and its relatives S. miltiorrhiza and S. shandongensis were compared by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results proved that there were distinct differences between S. sinealba and its relatives S. miltiorrhiza and S. shandongensis. There were most parenchyma cells in the central part of the S. sinealba root, and there were numerous fissures in the root cross section of radiating parenchyma cells, phloem outside and the secondary cortical site; leaf upper epidermal cell outer peripheral wall with fine parallel filamentous wrinkles(SEM); corolla white; at the same time, S. sinealba having oval pollen, the outer wall with network ornamentations, larger mesh, polygonal, less single perforation. These notable features not only provided morphological and anatomical basis for S. sinealba position in plant taxonomy, but also provided evidence for the identification of S. miltiorrhiza and S. shandongensis, it also provided information on the conservation and development of this unique new resource for S. sinealba.]]> 2018/5/30 15:44:16 1,2, LI Jianxiu^3,4, XU Ning^1,2, ZHOU Guofu^1,2, MENG Xiaolong^1,2, MENG Fanyun^1,2*]]> LI Xiaojuan^1,2, LI Jianxiu^3,4, XU Ning^1,2, ZHOU Guofu^1,2, MENG Xiaolong^1,2, MENG Fanyun^1,2* 17true 2018/5/30 15:44:16 1, WANG Hong^1*, LU Yongman¹, WU Yuhuan²]]> CHEN Qiuyan¹, WANG Hong^1*, LU Yongman¹, WU Yuhuan² 16true Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Aegiceras corniculatum, Laguncularia racemosa, Cerbera manghas and Thespesia populnea as the research materials, conventional paraffin sectioning was used to observe the crosscutting structures of leaves. To examine these five plants' adaptabilities to salty environments, the characteristics and changes in leaf structures of truer mangrove plants and semi-mangrove plants were compared. Experimental results were as follows: Except for T. populnea and Laguncularia racemosa, the other three species had bifacial leaves and were pinnately veined while Thespesia populnea had bifacial leaves and was palmately veined; Laguncularia racemosa had isobilateral leaves and was pinnately veined. Leaves of all these five specis had four veins, and tertiary veins and the fourth veins had obvious bundle sheaths. The primary veins of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Aegiceras corniculatum, Laguncularia racemosa, Thespesia populnea had semi-amphicribral open bundles and Cerbera manghas had collateral open bundles. The mesophyll of the five species had secretory cavity, in addition to C. manghas, the other four species had crystal cells. Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Aegiceras corniculatum had endodermis. Laguncularia racemosa had aqueous tissue. Aegiceras corniculatum, Cerbera manghas had tannin cells. Aegiceras corniculatum, Laguncularia racemosa, Thespesia populnea had salt glands. The structure characteristics of leaves in these five species showed the adaptability characteristics of different plants to the salt leaching environment. In comparison, truer mangrove plants have specialized structures more than semi-mangrove plants.]]> 2018/5/30 15:44:16 CHEN Jianhui, MIAO Shenyu, HUANG Huifang, HUANG-YAO Zidie, FENG Jia, LAI Peiyuan, ZHOU Jianjiang 15true Annona, and the researches of other genera are few, so the morphology of vessels and perforation plates of many species in the family are unknown. The wood of Polyalthia laui, Desmos chinensis, Uvaria grandiflora, and Fissistigma oldhamii from Annonaceae were collected from Hainan Province of China. Fixation of the healthy and fresh wood of each species was done using FAA(Formalin Acetic Acid)and materials were treated with Jeffrey's Fluid. The authors observed the vessel elements in the secondary xylem of the four species under the scanning electron microscope(SEM)and their vessel elements were compared. The features of vessel elements and the perforation plates in the four species under SEM were shown for the first time, and their differences were illustrated. Statistical analysis about the length and diameter of vessel elements was made, too. The results showed that the perforation plates of the four species were all simple perforation plates, with or without tails. There were obvious differences in morphology of vessel elements. Vessel elements of Polyalthia laui were long and its perforation plates were oblique. Perforation plates of Desmos chinensis were truncated, and its vessel elements were shorter, and its diameter was the biggest in four species. Perforation plates of Uvaria grandiflora were oblique and vessel. Vessel elements of Fissistigma oldhamii were shortest and its perforation plates were truncated, no tail or with a small tail. The statistical analysis of length and diameter of vessel element showed that the differences of four species are significant. The correlation analysis of length and diameter showed that they were irrelevant. In the synthesis of factors, vessel elements of Desmos chinensis were shorter, and its diameter was the biggest in the four species, and its simple perforation plates were truncated, no tail or with a small tail. The authors think that the vessel of D. chinensis has higher level of evolution than the others. The results of this paper will provide new and more evidences for anatomy and systematics of Annonaceae.]]> 2018/5/30 15:44:16 1,2, ZHANG Xiaohui²]]> LI Hongfang^1,2, ZHANG Xiaohui² 14true Oreocharis. O. rhytidophylla C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li was last collected in 1956 and published in 1983, and the species has no relevant collection records for the next 60 years. Due to the lack of flower morphology, there are doubts in Flora of Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, Plants of Gesneriaceae in China and Flora of China. After years of follow-up investigation, Oreocharis rhytidophylla C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li was rediscovered in 2017 in its type locality. Due to the availability of the flowers during the rediscovery, we confirmed that the species should be considered as a natural species instead of doubtful one. The floral morphology of O. rhytidophylla C. Y. Wu ex H. W. Li was supplemented based on the recent collections and photos. Its rediscovery provides an opportunity to explore its systematic position in the context of phylogeny in the future.]]> 2019/5/30 11:12:14 1,2, GUO Shiwei^1,2, CHEN Wenhong¹, SHUI Yumin^1*]]> ZHANG Yamei^1,2, GUO Shiwei^1,2, CHEN Wenhong¹, SHUI Yumin^1* 13true Petrocodon Hance(Gesneriaceae), mainly distributed from South China to Southwest China, is comprised of 34 species and one variety. A new species, Petrocodon tenuitubus W. H. Chen, F. Wen & Y. M. Shui, distributed in the limestone region from Maguan County, Yunnan Province, China, is illustrated and described here. The new species is similar to P. lui, P. hispidus and P. jasminiflorus, but it can be easily distinguished from P. lui and P. hispidus by its slender and curved corolla tube, three linear to lanceolate bracts and bracteoles, and one disc-shaped stigma. And it also can be easily distinguished from P. jasminiflorus by its ovate to orbicular leaves, ovate corolla lobes with obtuse apex, bracts and bracteoles 3, and staminodes 1. The discovery of this new species has certain significance for promoting the excavation of the resources of the Gesneriaceae in limestone area of China. The holotype and paratype specimens are deposited in Herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences(KUN); isotype specimens is deposited in Herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany(IBK).]]> 2019/5/30 11:12:14 1,2, CHEN Wenhong^1,4, GUO Shiwei^1,5, WEN Fang^3,6, SHUI Yumin^1,4*]]> CHEN Li^1,2, CHEN Wenhong^1,4, GUO Shiwei^1,5, WEN Fang^3,6, SHUI Yumin^1,4* 12true Pteris fauriei complex is one of the most confusing complexes in Pteris. Members in this complex are highly similar in morohology and just classified by a few tiny characteristics, such as height of plant, size of pinnae, size of the gap in the lobes, the distance between segments and the leghth of sori and so on. In order to determine the taxonomic position of some members of the complex and clarify the genetic relationships among members, three chloroplast DNA fragments, atpB, matK, and trnL-F were selected to construct a phylogenetic tree of the Pteris fauriei complex. Based on the results from molecular systematics study and palynological study, the genetic relationships among members of the P. fauriei complex were discussed. The results showed that the relationship between P. fauriei var. chinensis and P. fauriei was very close, and we suggset to incorporate P. fauriei var. chinensis into P. fauriei. The relationship between P. majestica and P. fauriei was relatively far, but the spore morphology of P. majestica overlaps with that of P. fauriei. Therefore, their genetic relationship needs further study. P. angustipinnula is an independent species, different from other members of the complex. P. splendida was early differentiated as a separate branch, but its spore morphology was variable, suggesting that it may be a hybrid origin.]]> 2019/5/30 11:12:14 1, WANG Jiamei¹, YANG Dongmei^1*, WANG Faguo², CHEN Hongfeng², LANG Yueting¹]]> WANG Xiaojiao¹, WANG Jiamei¹, YANG Dongmei^1*, WANG Faguo², CHEN Hongfeng², LANG Yueting¹ 11true Fagopyrum gracilipes such as flowering dynamics, floral basic characteristics, breeding system, pollination biology and seed characteristics by field observations and artificial control experiments, also discussed their contribution to the reproduction of F. gracilipes. The results showed that F. gracilipes flo-wered and fruited during June to Octomber in Weining, Guizhou Province. The flowering lifespans of a single inflorescence and flower were about 13-21 d and 1-3 d respectively. The flower was small with the diameter of(3.99 ± 0.12)mm, the height of the style and anther was 1.30 and 1.65 mm respectively, the floral diameter had significant positive correlation with tepal length and tepal width(P < 0.05), the height of the style had highly significant position correlative with the height of anther(P < 0.01). The pollen-ovule ratio of F. gracilipes was 371 ± 16.40, its out-crossing index was 2, and the results of bagging experiments showed it was self- and cross-compatible, which suggested that the bree-ding system of F. gracilipes was facultative selfing, partial crossing-compatible. The main floral visitors were nine insects of Hymenoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera, the insects in family Syrphidae were its main pollination insects. The fruits of F. gracilipes included two types with and without wings which was helpful for its adaption to different spread manners, its seeds were smaller with the thousand seed weight of(1.05 ± 0.04)g, and had low but orderly germination rate with accumulated germination rate of(19.60 ± 2.14)% 30 d after sowing. It could be concluded that the flexible breeding system provided security for mass seeds production of F. gracilipes, various fruit spread manners and orderly seed germination characteristics created the basis for its colonizing vast habitats and becoming the dominant species in the community. The results can provide important reference for revealing the reproduction mechanism of F. gracilipes and buckwheat breeding.]]> 2019/5/30 11:12:14 *, YAN Xiaohong, SU Qitao, ZHANG Zhengguang, WANG Ning, CHEN Lihua]]> ZHOU Bing^*, YAN Xiaohong, SU Qitao, ZHANG Zhengguang, WANG Ning, CHEN Lihua 10true Parakmeria omeiensis in natural condition and determine the optimum pollinating time. The floral character were studied through field observation in Mount Emei, the type of breeding system was estimated by out-crossing index(OCI), the pollen-ovule ratio(P/O), pollen viability and the stigma receptivity, and the artifical pollination experiments were carried out. The results were as follows:(1)The florescence of P. omeiensis was from late April to mid-late May. Male plants bloomed 3-4 d earlier than female plants, and their florescence were overlapped.(2)Bisexual flowers were actually female in reproductive function, 1-2 carpels remained on the male flower of some male plants. The selective abortion of either pistil or stamens led to sex differentiation. So P. omeiensis belongs to cryptic dioecy.(3)The flowering process followed six stages from spathe dehiscence, tepal dehiscence, spreading, closing, the second spreading to flowers withering, which took 4 d.(4)The viability of pollen in male flowers reached the highest(92.8%)during the first spreading, and then descended greatly after 2 d. The stigmas of bisexual flowers were strong receptivity when all tepals were spreading, while some stigmas were receptive after bloo-ming.(5)The out-crossing index(OCI)was five and pollen/ovule was 2.14×10⁴, which indicates that P. omeiensis should be classified as an allogamous plant.(6)The artificial pollination revealed the self-pollination phenomenon did not exist and had no apomixis phenomenon. The fruit-setting rate and seed-setting rate were significantly higher than that of natural pollination. In conclusion, the breeding system of P. omeiensis was obligate cross-pollination which requires pollinators, and its fruit-setting rate was limited by pollinators and the short stigma receptivity under natural conditions.]]> 2019/5/30 11:12:14 1,2, LI Cehong², WEN Xiangying³, LI Xiaojie², PENG Qixin^1,2*, XIE Kongping^1,2]]> YU Daoping^1,2, LI Cehong², WEN Xiangying³, LI Xiaojie², PENG Qixin^1,2*, XIE Kongping^1,2 9true 25(5⁶)orthogonal design and single factor method to optimize the five factors(template DNA concentration, primer concentration, ddH₂O, Mix amount and annealing temperature)that affect the SCoT-PCR reaction of Rehmannia glutinosa. The results were as follows: The reaction system was a total volume of 25 μL containing 8 μL of ddH₂O, 1 μL of template DNA(80 ng·μL^-1), 1 μL of primer(8 μmol·L^-1)and 15 μL of Mix, and an annealing temperature of 45 ℃. The optimized SCoT-PCR orthogonal system was repeatedly verified by using 30 parts of Rehmannia germplasm materials, and the amplified spectrum with rich polymorphism and clear bands was obtained, which proves that the reaction system is stable and reliable. Using this system, 32 SCoT primers were screened twice, and 14 primers with clear, reproducible and relatively high polymorphic bands were obtained. Finally, SCoT fingerprints of 30 species of the above two species of Rehmannia were constructed by using five primers such as SCoT4. Using these five SCoT primer fingerprints, seven common cultivars of Rehmannia glutinosa can be distinguished. The study indicates that the SCoT molecular marker system is suitable for the study of genetic relationship and genetic diversity of the main varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa. The fingerprints constructed also provide reference for the differentiation of seven cultivars commonly found in Rehmannia glutinosa.]]> 2019/5/30 11:12:14 1, ZHOU Yanqing^1,2,3*, DUAN Hongying¹, GUO Mengmeng¹]]> YANG Ke¹, ZHOU Yanqing^1,2,3*, DUAN Hongying¹, GUO Mengmeng¹ 8true Zizania latifolia)is a famous, perennial, emergent vegetable in China. The current work explores the anatomy and histochemistry of roots, stems and leaves and the permeability of apoplastic barriers of wild rice. The anatomy and histochemistry of Z. latifolia were studied by optical microscope and fluorescence microscope. Sections were stained with Sudan red 7B for suberin lamellae, berberine hemisulfate-aniline blue for Casparian bands and lignified walls, and phloroglucinol-HCl(Pg)for lignin. The results were as follows:(1)The adventitious roots in wild rice suberized and lignified endodermis and adjacent, thick-walled cortical layers and suberized and lignified hypodermis, composed of a uniseriate sclerenchyma layer underlying uniseriate exodermis; The stems of wild plants included stolons, rhizomes, and culm. Rhizomes, stolons, and culms had two rings of thickened, lignified cells, the peripheral mechanical ring and the sclerenchyma ring; The latter delimits the cortex from the CC(central cylinder)and was usually associated with vascular bundles; Stems had thick epidermal cuticle, a narrow peripheral mechanical ring, cortex, sclerenchyma ring with vascular bundles and pith cavity from the outside and inside. Leaf sheaths had epidermis and cortex with vascular bundles, and leaf blades had epidermis, mesophyll and vascular bundles.(2)Apoplastic barriers were found in roots and stems. The apoplastic barriers consist of that adventitious roots had endodermis, adjacent suberized cells and exodermis; Stems have cuticle, suberized and lignified peripheral mechanical ring and sclerenchyma ring, and the cell wall of apoplastic barriers had Casparian band, lignin and suberin. Leaves had cuticles at surface.(3)The air space consist of aerenchyma in roots, and pith cavities and aerenchyma in stems and leaves.(4)The peripheral mechanical ring and sclerenchyma ring were thinner in wild rice stems that adapt to wetland environment, but limited distribution to drought environment.]]> 2019/5/30 11:12:14 1,3, PI Xiuquan², WANG Xiao'e^1,3, YANG Chaodong^1,3, ZHOU Cunyu^1,3*]]> ZHANG Fan^1,3, PI Xiuquan², WANG Xiao'e^1,3, YANG Chaodong^1,3, ZHOU Cunyu^1,3* 7true Meconopsis(Papaveraceae)from China are described in this paper.(1)Two species are described as new from northwest Sichuan Province, China. Of them M. pleurogyna is probably related to M. lhasaensis Grey-wilson, differing in its narrower, entire leaf blades and longitudinally 4-ribbed ovary; M. angustipetala is probably related to M. henrici Bur. & Franch., differing in its smaller, glabrous leaf blades, and peculiar linear-oblanceolate petals.(2)One species M. brachynema, is described as new from southern Qinghai Province, China. It probably belongs to subgen. Cunmminsia, sect. Impeditae, ser. Impeditae, and from the other species of ser. Impeditae differs in its lanceolate-linear petals, fewer and shorter stamens(with filaments only 1-5 mm long), non-styled pistil, and ovary with stiff, barbellate hairs.]]> 2019/1/21 11:02:48 WANG Wen-tsai 6true Deinostigma with a species, Anemone weixiensis, of the genus Anemone(Ranunculaceae)is described as new from north-western part of Yunnan Province. This section is related to sect. Begonifolia(Ulbr.)Tamura, differing in its fewer carpeels, puberulous ovaries, conspicuous ellipsoid stigmas, and puberulous neither compressed nor ribbed achenes at apex with persistent stigmas.]]> 2019/1/21 11:02:48 WANG Wen-tsai 5true Scutellaria yunyiana differs from S. tenera in having stems, leaf blades and bracts whitish multicellular-glandular, leaf blades ovate-rounded, corolla ca. 6 mm long, inside sparsely pubescent.(2)New species Paraphlomis breviflora differs from P. kwangtungensis in having stems canaliculate, sparsely retrorse-pubescent, leaf blades ovate-elliptic or ovate, membrancous, 7-17 cm long, 3.5-8 cm wide, margin dentate, corolla ca. 6 mm long.(3)Salvia subbipinnata (C. Y. Wu)B. Y. Ding et Z. H. Chen is combined as specific rank as well, and it differs from S. bowleyana Dunn in having 2-pinnately compound leaves, corolla yellow, and corolla tube long exserted from calyx tube.]]> 2019/1/21 11:02:48 1, CHEN Zhenghai², XU Yueliang³, JIN Xiaofeng⁴, WU Difei⁵, CHEN Jianbo⁶, WU Weijian⁷]]> DING Bingyang¹, CHEN Zhenghai², XU Yueliang³, JIN Xiaofeng⁴, WU Difei⁵, CHEN Jianbo⁶, WU Weijian⁷ 4true Begonia L. belongs to the family Begoniaceae within Cucurbitales. The genus contains over 1 800 species and is the sixth largest angiosperm genus. The species occurs in subtropical and tropical regions of Asia, Northern American and Africa and has been used as important medicinal, edible or ornamental plant. In China, there are around 300 species in the genus of Begonia, which mainly distribute along south of the Yangtze River, especially in Yunnan and Guangxi. During recent decades, more and more taxa have been discovered and described owing to deep field surveys within Guangxi. Now the number is far exceed the record in Flora of Guangxi that was published in 1991 including 19 species. However, being scattered in different journals, it is necessary to collect and gather them together. Therefore, by adding 65 species totally 84 taxa were enumerated in Flora of Guangxi based on examination of specimens and literature, including 2 subspecies, 11 varieties and 46 endemic species. Meanwhile, all taxa were supplemented with the diagnostic characters as well as the infrageneric classification of these taxa. This research will provide essential information on further studies about classification, evolution and conservation in Begonia.]]> 2019/1/21 11:02:48 *, LIU Yan]]> DONG Lina^*, LIU Yan 3true Syrrhopodon armatua, S. involutus, Mitthyridium fasciculatum, M. flavum, Calymperes moluccense, C. afzelii, Octoblphaerum albidum and Leucophane albescens, China. The morphological characteristics and micromorphological structures studied in this research in cluded internal anatomical structures of stems and leaves, different comparisons in costa and cell surface, using paraffin section and scanning electron microscopy techniques, and morphological observation. The results showed the anatomical structures of stems and leaves of the eight species were obviously different, including stem cross-sectional shape, axial cell differentiation, cell layers, the number and location of the central main cells in costa and the smooth and rough of the dorsal and ventral cells and the shape of chlorophyllose cell. Stem cross sections were oval to circular in the eight species and the number of central main cells was different, and the main cells located on central of the costa, except for Octoblphaerum albidum and Leucophane albescens, the dorsal cell wall was short wrinkle in Calymperes afzelii. Only the cross-sectional structure of Octoblphaerum albidum was with axial cell differentiation.]]> 2019/1/21 11:02:48 *]]> SHA Wei, LIU Lili, MA Tianyi, ZHANG Yanfu, ZHANG Meijuan^* 2true Cladophora fracta, a filamentous green macroalgal epiphyte on rhodoliths, is described from five karst springs in North China. Although Cladophora species frequently appear in karst system, their genetic diversities, biogeographical affinities and physiological properties have not been well investigated in these environments. The specific objectives of this study were as follows:(1)Describe the habitat of the cladophora-like algae form the five karst springs;(2)Identify the thallus to species level based on a combination of morphological characteristics and molecular sequence;(3)Explore the morphological influence of habitat. To elucidate the biogeographical patterns in Cladophora, both morphological and molecular evidence were compared of Cladophora specimens across five study sites. Analyses of partial small subunit(SSU)and large subunit(LSU)genes revealed that the studied 50 Cladophora specimens were genetically identical species and a total of thirteen ribotypes were detected. The molecular sequencing results indicated that the examined species was highly homologous with C. vagabunda, though they shared few morphological features. The genus did not form a monophyletic clade but in three different clades both in SSU and LSU trees. The microscopic structure was more consistent with that of C. fracta. The Cladophora from the five karst springs did not show significant variation in cell dimensions. However, the species exhibited larger cell diameters than those reported from lakes. In addition, the rhizoid-like branches are only observed in two locations(XA and ST). Considering the morphological characteristics, we therefore hold our species as C. fracta.]]> 2019/1/21 11:02:48 1, JI Li^2*, CHEN Le³, FENG Jia ⁴, SHI Shengli⁴]]> HU Bianfang¹, JI Li^2*, CHEN Le³, FENG Jia ⁴, SHI Shengli⁴ 1true