2. It had a high-quality and rich genetic resources of masson pine, and made a great contribution to the genetic improvement of masson pine. Over the last 30 years, natural resources of masson pine in this region have suffered serious damage. To understand the genetic diversity of natural germplasm resources of masson pine in this area, SSR molecular markers were used to analyze the population genetic structure of masson pine in Tongmian region. The results showed that 53 alleles were identified by 16 pairs of SSR primers in 285 samples, and the polymorphism rate was 100%. The mean number of alleles(N_a), the mean number of effective alleles(N_e), Shannon's information index(I), observed heterozygosity(H_o), expected heterozygosity(H_e)were 3.31, 1.68, 0.64, 0.35 and 0.36. This showed that the Tongmian population still maintained high level of genetic diversity. Analysis on genetic structure of each stand in Tongmian population showed that coefficient of genetic differentiation(G_ST), fixation index(F_ST)and gene flow(N_m)were 0.049, 0.072 and 3.21. The genotype distribution was closer to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and had no significant heterozygote excess or shortage. In Tongmian population, most genetic variation mainly existed within the stand, and no significant genetic differentiation existed among stands. The gene flow in it was smooth. Meanwhile, the genetic diversity of the four stands in the core region was lower than genetic diversity of three stands outside the core region. This indicated that the core region of Tongmian provenance suffered more serious man-made damage. In order to protect the natural updating and natural genetic improvement ability of the natural populations of masson pine in this area, we should pay attention to the scientific management of natural forest. On the one hand, genetic resources should be collected and large-scale germplasm resources should be established. On the other hand, we should establish special nature reserve and prohibit illegal felling, final felling, illegal resin tapping and excessive seeding for the natural population like Tongmian which has large distribution area, high utilization value and no serious damage at present. The results of this study have important reference value for the research and protection of the natural germplasm resources of masson pine.]]> 2016/12/2 23:49:59 1,2, LI Huo-Gen ², YANG Zhang-Qi ^1*,WU Dong-Shan¹]]> FENG Yuan-Heng^1,2, LI Huo-Gen ², YANG Zhang-Qi ^1*,WU Dong-Shan¹ 4true Pinus massoniana is one of the most important tree species for afforestation in South China, and it is of great economic value and ecological benefit. P. massoniana is famous for the wide application of its timber and resin, being of very important high-value tree species. Breeding programs for P. massoniana were initiated in the 1980s in China. To capture the best genetic stock from the breeding program, an efficient system for rapid clonal propagation is of considerable value. Therefore, the application of biotechnology and especially tissue culture provides an important tool to propagate the selected genotypes. The regeneration of plants under aseptic and controlled environmental conditions is referred to as micropropagation because very small pieces of plant tissue or organs are used as starting vegetative tissue. Previous studies revealed that P. massoniana was hard to root by tissue culture, and culture temperature was correlated to the stability of in vitro rooting in P. massoniana. In the illumination incubator with strictly controlled conditions of light and temperature, variations of rooting ability index, including rooting percentage, rooting time, number of roots and transplantation survival percent, and rooting anatomic structure from in vitro single buds were investigated using subcultured shoots of Pinus massoniana clone under rooting treatments of different temperatures. SPSS 19.0 statistic software was used to analyze those data. In vitro rooting performance was good and the highest transplantation survival percentage was 98.1% for shoots of P. massoniana cultured at 25 ℃. Rooting time was prolonged, number of roots was decreased and rooting percent was low under the lower temperature treatment, while rhizome callus was serious and transplantation survival percent remarkably was reduced under the higher temperature treatment. For P. massoniana, vascular cambium cells were differentiated into adventitious root in terms of root anatomical structure. Compared with the normal temperature treatment at 25 ℃, cell division was passive, induced adventitious root primordial at 20 ℃ treatment, however, cells were active, the color of stained cells from pith ray and vascular tissue was deepened and those cells were arranged densely, resulting in induced adventitious root primordial was separated into being zonal or schistose at 30 ℃ treatment. This study revealed the effects of temperature on in vitro rooting ability, and provides the supports for the industrial production of tissue cultured plantlets in P. massoniana.]]> 2016/12/2 23:49:59 *]]> YAO Rui-Ling, WANG Yin^* 3true in vitro single buds was explored using tissue-cultured shoots of good variety population in Pinus massoniana. SPSS 19.0 statistic software was used to analyze those data. Results were as follows:(1)Rooting percentage was significantly different under the treatments of half-strength WPM, DCR, GD, MS and modified MS basic media. The best rooting was observed in the treatment of 1/2 modified MS.(2)The difference in rooting ability was significant in genotypes of P. massoniana. Rooting capacity of GLM-80 was stronger than other clones tested.(3)Hormone concentration remarkably affected in vitro rooting of P. massoniana. Rooting percentage was high and root system was developed under the treatment of low-concentrate auxin. The performance of rooting by tissue culture was good with the treatment of 0.1-0.2 mg·L^-1 NAA compared to IAA and IBA.(4)Light intensity did not affect in vitro rooting of P. massoniana, while significantly influenced morphogenesis of aerial parts of shoots. Shoots grew well and transplantation survival percentage was high when treated with the light intensity of 2 000 lx. There was significant of temperature on in vitro rooting of P. massoniana, and rooting effect was stable under the cultural condition of 25 ℃. This study provides the scientific and technological support for the industrialized production of tissue cultured plantlets, and for the implementation of clonal forestry as well as the acceleration of the process for improved varieties breeding in P. massoniana.]]> 2016/12/2 23:49:59 *, WU You-Mei]]> YAO Rui-Ling, WANG Yin^*, WU You-Mei 2true Pinus massoniana cones plant hormone levels,This paper carried out a series of hormone treatments by means of injecting IAA, IBA, GA₃, BAP, etc. to the 11 years old P. massoniana in Duyun P. massoniana Clonal Seed Orchard, and then the changes of soluble protein and the content of soluble sugar were measured under different concentrations of different hormones using Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 staining and anthrone method respectively. And the bloom of the test branches was investigated in the second year. The experimental results were as follows: Firstly, in August to November, the BAP with 500 mg·L^-1 was conducive to the formation of male and female cones of P. massoniana. Secondly, the GA₃ with 100 mg·L^-1 was conducive to the formation of female cones of P. massoniana. Thirdly, both GA₃ with 250 mg·L^-1 and GA₃ with 500 mg·L^-1 were conducive to the formation of male cones of P. massoniana. Fourthly, the IAA with 250 mg·L^-1 was conducive to increase the number of male and female cone with the same branch. Finally, treating the masson by injecting BAP, IAA and GA₃ with 500 mg·L^-1 respectively in October and November could have a significant impact on the changes of protein content in needles of P. massoniana. Finally, In October, using the concentration of BAP 100 mg·L^-1 of the branches to process their soluble sugar content and soluble protein content could reach a significant level. Respectively in August and October, with a concentration of 100 mg·L^-1 IBA and concentration of IBA 250 mg·L^-1 processed soluble protein content and its control was in a very significant difference, In November, using the concentration of 100 mg·L^-1 GA₃ processed soluble protein content and its control was in a very significant difference. While in November using the concentration of IBA 500 mg·L^-1, soluble protein content and the control difference were significant.]]> 2016/12/2 23:49:59 *, QIN Xue, ZHU Ya-Yan, WANG Xiu-Rong]]> CHEN Ting-Qiao, ZHAO Yang^*, QIN Xue, ZHU Ya-Yan, WANG Xiu-Rong 1true