-->Plant Ecology and Geography

Quantitative assessment of priority for rare and endangered plants in Wanchaoshan Nature Reserve of Hubei

2017/8/6 0:07:25

Based on sample-plot survey and sample-line survey, rare and endangered plantsresurces in Wanchaoshan Nature Reserve of Hubei Province was investigated, and the priority conservation of rare and endangered plants was quantitatively analyzed by using threatened confficient, genetic coefficient, species value coefficient and comprehensive evaluation value. The results showed that there were 47 species of rare and endangered plants belonging to 34 genra of 44 families; 9 species was ranked as the first grade for conservation priority, 23 species as the secondgrade,12 species as the third grade, and 3 species as the fourth grade, according to the distribution characteristics of rare and endangered plants. It is found that the distribution of the rare and endangered plants is relatively concentrated, and at the altitude of 900 - 1 600 m, the species and the number of rare and endangered plant species were the most. This research result is more realistic and effective, which provides a scientific basis for the management of the protected area to make the protection plan of the rare and endangered plants in the area, and makes it more efficient and effective in guiding the protection of the area.

Structural properties of natural Loess Plateau forest stands dominated by Pinus tabulaeformis

2017/8/6 0:07:25

The structure of vegetation strongly regulates community function and the future direction of successional processes. In this study, we deployed two sampling plots measuring 60 m × 60 m in natural vegetation dominated by Pinus tabulaeformis, and measured stand spatial properties by calculating uniform angle(W), mingling(M), and dominance(U)indices and by constructing elevation plots. Concurrently, we explored non-spatial attributes of the stands using frequency distribution plots of diameter at breast height(DBH), tree height(TH), and crown area(CA); we also calculated Shannon-Wiener tree height diversity indices. Both vegetation plots were dominated by P. tabulaeformis, which accounted for > 98% of trees in the area. Trees of different dimensions were spatially differentiated in a regular manner(U^-=0.478)with low species segregation(M^-=0.019). Tree dispersions in both plots were random in the horizontal plane(W^-=0.485). We found few small trees(TH ≤5 m)in the plots. Large trees(TH >10 m)made up the greatest proportion of the population(66.9%-84.1%), and their height distribution was clumped. The mean TH diversity index(THD)was 2.35. Most DBH values fell within the 14-34 cm range, and most(58.4%-62.8%)dimensionless CA indices were within the range of 20-40 m². Recruitment of P. tabulaeformis was dense and unevenly dispersed, suggesting that these populations of mature natural stands were(i)unstable,(ii)tracking a declining trajectory, and(iii)destined for replacement by other species.

Pinus taiwanensis community composition and structure based on fixed sample Daiyun Mountain

2017/8/6 0:07:25

Pinus taiwanensis is one of the main groups in the Central Subtropical Mountainous Area. Study on the species composition and community structure is of great significance to discuss the succession law of the subtropical vegetation. There is a large area of P. taiwanensis community in Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve. We established 86 plots(25.82 m × 25.82 m)by using the grid point method,5.7 hm² totally, and analyzed characteristics of distribution type, diameter and tree height structure, spatial distribution pattern of P. taiwanensis in the plot. The results were as follows:(1)In the plots there were 32 603 strains of woody plants belonging to 59 families, 108 genera and 219 species. The dominant species of arbor and shrubs layers of P. taiwanensis communities were P. massoniana, Schima superba, Oligostachyum oedogonatum, Eurya groffii, E. rubiginosa et al, accounted for rare species and occasionally species were 33.79%, 25.75% and 45.21%, 24.66% of the total species.(2)The distribution types of tropical species were more than the temperate distribution types of genera, tropical distribution types were mainly in pan tropical type, and temperate distribution type the north temperate zone was the largest in.(3)The inverted “J” type of DBH showed that the update in good condition. The vertical structure of the dominant tree height also showed inverted “J” type or approximate inverted “J” type. Pinus taiwanensis and other dominant trees' height were 4-10 m. The maximum number of dominant shurbs' heigh were 1-2 m, except for Vaccinium carlesii's. It had a large number of individuals at the heigh of 0-1 m.(4)It is calculated that the sample of the dominant species are aggregated distribution and they have different aggregation degrees. P. taiwanensis is the lowest of tree layer and Vaccinium carlesii is lowest of shrub layer. In general that the species composition wear of P. taiwanensis communities in Daiyun Mountain Nature Reserve is rich and in a good condition of update. It reflectes the typical characteristics of the subtropical Alpine coniferous forest. The spatial distribution pattern may be related to the sampling methods and other factors.

Carbon storage and its influencing factors of Phyllostachys edulis forest in Fujian Province

2017/8/6 0:07:25

Carbon sink capacity is the main basis for evaluating the effects of forest ecosystem on the reduction of global warming. Based on the data including Phyllostachys edulis forest carbon storage, climate, precipitation, density of population and gross domestic product in nine prefecture-level cities of Fujian Province in 1985, 1996 and 2006, we used correlation analysis and linear regression to analyze the relationship between Phyllostachys edulis forest carbon storage and main influencing factors. The results showed that influencing factors affected Phyllostachys edulis forest carbon storage as follows:(1)the carbon storage increased with the rising of precipitation without significant correlation(R = 0.281,P = 0.156), while it decreased with the rising of temperature with significant correlation(R = 0.748,P < 0.01). The influence factors of temperature and precipitation were 5.63 and 1.46 comparatively.(2)Population density had a significant negative correlation with carbon storage(R = 0.693,P < 0.01).(3)Compared to the spatial distribution of carbon storage, GDP had the opposite pattern that the high level of GDP in prefecture-level cities relatively had low carbon reserve. Our results can provide theoretical basis for improving the site selection of carbon sequestration capacity of Phyllostachys edulis forest and useful information for carbon trading market.

Community characteristics and spatial distribution of mixed conifer and broad-leaved forest in South Taiyue Mountain, Shanxi Province of China

2017/8/6 0:07:25

In order to explored the spatial distribution characteristics, interspecific relationship and succession of mixed conifer broad-leaved forest, we studied the spatial distribution pattern and spatial correlation by using the Ripley'L function in point pattern analysis. The results showed that the sample in the investigation of woody plants belonged to 41 families 71 genera and 76 species, and mainly of which were Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, Labiatae, Leguminosae, Compositae and Liliaceae. The distribution types of the families and genera were mainly Cosmopolitan and North Temperate. Quercus wutaishanica, Q. dentate, Pinus tabuliformis and Populus davidiana were the main tree species in this community. The diameters of the all tree and the main tree species in the plot showed a normal distribution. With the increasing of scale, the aggregated distribution patterns weakened and gradually showed the pattern of random distribution. Pinus tabuliformis and Populus davidiana showed aggregated distribution within a given scale. The interspecific relationships between Quercus wutaishanica, Q. dentata, Pinus tabuliformis and Populus davidiana were positive correlated at a given scale, whereas the interspecific relationships between Quercus dentata , Pinus tabuliformis and Populus davidiana were significantly positive correlated at the whole scale. All trees species showed the relatively steady state in South Taiyue Mountain, Shanxi Province of China.

Discovery of Alseodaphne rugosa Merr. et Chun (Lauraceae)in SE Yunnan, China and its biogeographical significance

2017/8/6 0:07:25

A newly recorded Lauraceae species, Alseodaphne rugosa Merr. et Chun, was reported from Gulinqing Nature Reserve in Maguan County, Yunnan Province, China. In this paper, the morphological characters and habitat of newly recorded A. rugosa were described and its biogeographical significance was discussed. The new record of A. rugosa in Southeast Yunnan is very important for the study of genus Alseodaphne in systematics, biogeography, and regional biodiversity. It also provides valuable evidence for discussing the origin of Haihan Island.

Leonotis, a newly naturalized genus of Lamiaceae in China

2017/8/6 0:07:25

Leonotis nepetifolia(L.)R. Br.(Lamiaceae), a naturalized species was first found in China. The naturalization of this species represents that the genus Leonotis(Pers.)R. Br. was firstly recorded from China. Leonotis is characterized by its axillary verticillasters, bracteoles and calyx teeth needle-like at apex, flowers orange or yellow, and the upper corolla lip longer than the lower one; it is the most similar to the genus Leucas R. Br., but the latter has almost equal calyx teeth, flowers white, corolla tubes not exceeding the calyx, and the upper corolla lip shorter than lower one. Leonotis nepetifolia is an annual herb. Its verticillasters are usually globular, and with dense flowers and bracts; bracteoles are linear, and slight curving, acute at apex. Calyxes are tubular, swollen and slightly curving at apex; Calyx teeth are needle-like at apex, the adaxial lobes are larger then the others. Corolla are orange, and with orange or whitish-yellow hairs; Corolla tubes are slender, and extend from calyx; Corolla limb is 2-lipped, the upper lip is larger than the lower one. Leonotis nepetifolia is the most similar to Leonotis leonurus R. Br., but the former has oval or cordate leaves, in contrast the latter has lanceolate leaves. An amplified taxonomic description, discussion on the geographical distribution, resource value, domestication approach, reproduction and harm, and related photos are provided in this study.

Urophysa Ulbr.: a newly recorded genus of Ranunculaceae from Guangxi, China

2017/8/6 0:07:25

Urophysa Ulbr., a newly recorded genus of Ranunculaceae from Guangxi, China is reported. This genus is endemic to China, its original distribution is in eastern Sichuan, Guizhou, western Hubei, northern Hunan and Guangdong. Discovering this genus from Mulun National Nature Reserve indicates extensive relationship among subtropical karst floras. Detailed morphological description and field photos of U. henryi(Oliv. )Ulbr. are provided.

One genus and five species newly recorded of ligneous plants in Northeast China

2017/8/6 0:07:26

Northeast of China has varieties of plants species, a total of 164 families, 928 genera and 3 103 species of vascular bundle plants. In this paper, based on the results of field investigation and related data, one newly recorded genus(Pistacia L.)and five newly recorded species of ligneous plants, Gleditsia microphylla, Pistacia chinensis, Lonicera elisae, L. fragrantissima, Cotoneaster submultiflorus were reported. The voucher specimens were preserved in the herbarium of Dalian Natural History Museum. In conclusion, these newly recorded plants have a great significant meaning to study the plant species diversity and provide new materials for investigation of their geographical distributions in China.

青藏高原三种优势植物生物量分配的变化规律

2017/7/2 22:58:42

该研究利用4个由高到低不同海拔的同质园实验,以青藏高原高寒草地优势植物垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans)、矮嵩草(Kobresia humilis)和珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparum)为对象,分析了植物个体根、茎、叶生物量分配及根冠比的变化规律及影响因素。结果表明:(1)植物个体根、茎、叶质量比和根冠比具有显著的种间差异; 与垂穗披碱草和珠芽蓼相比,矮嵩草具有显著较高的根质量比而叶、茎质量比较低, 所以其根冠比较高。(2)在向低海拔移栽的过程中,珠芽蓼叶质量比保持不变,茎质量比显著降低而根质量比显著升高,根冠比表现出显著上升的趋势; 垂穗披碱草则相反,即叶、茎质量比显著升高而根质量比显著降低,根冠比表现出显著下降的趋势; 矮嵩草根、茎、叶质量比和根冠比则无显著变化。(3)随着海拔降低,年均气温明显升高而年均降雨量明显降低,且在植物个体种源地和土壤基质保持一致的条件下,向低海拔移栽过程中温度是导致珠芽蓼根、茎、叶生物量分配及根冠比变化的重要因素,而水分是垂穗披碱草根、茎、叶生物量分配及根冠比变化的重要驱动因素; 矮嵩草根、茎、叶生物量分配及根冠比受其遗传因素影响较大。因此,在将来暖干化的背景下,青藏高原高寒草地植物生物量的分配将会发生改变,导致它们对资源(光照、水分和土壤养分)获取和利用的变化而改变它们的种间关系,从而影响群落的物种多样性与组成,最终可能导致生态系统功能的变化。

Interaspecific and intraspecific competitions of Pinus fenzeliana in Yinggeling, Hainan Province

2017/7/2 22:58:43

To clarify the competition of Pinus fenzeliana community, we investigated the intra- and interspecific competition of P. fenzeliana in the Hainan Yinggeling Natural Reserve, using Hegyi individual competition indices(CI)model. The competition intensity was analyzed from the 56 objective trees and 442 concomitant competitive trees within the P. fenzeliana community. The results were as follows: The intra- and interspecific competition intensities of P. fenzeliana accounted for 31.31% and 68.69% respectively in the total competition intensity, indicating a remarkable effect of interspecific competition. The value of the main competition intensity was laid out in numerical order, i.e., P. fenzeliana> Syzygiumar aiocladum> Symplocos heishanensis> Pentaphylax euryoides> Castanopsis indica> Lithocarpus amygdalifolius> Syzygium hancei> Sloanea hainanensis> Rhododendron moulmainense> Syzygium jambos> Schima superba. Notably, the competition intensity of Pinus fenzeliana decreased inversely with the growth of the DBH, when the diameter of the P. fenzeliana reaches 35 cm, the competition intensity changes very little, and the relationship between the forest stand competition intensity and DBH of the target trees follows the power function(CI=aD^b). In conclusion, this model could effectively predict the intraspecific and interspecific competitions of P. fenzeliana. According to the competition model, to ensure enough survival resources for P. fenzeliana and achieve the purpose of protecting this species, the companion which strongly influence P. fenzeliana should be pruned or thinned before DBH of P. fenzeliana reached 35 cm.

Community structure and distribution of minimum population species of Myristica yunnanensis

2017/7/2 0:00:00

Myristica yunnanensis, which only distributes in seasonal rain forest in southern Yunnan and was one of the national second-class protected plants and 120 minimum population species of Chinese, has not yet been carried on population study. Based on monitoring data in 1993, M. yunnanensis and other high important value tree species from six permanent plots(50 m × 50 m)on the Xishuangbanna Mengla seasonal rain forest were compared to reveal the community status of M. yunnanensis, and the seedling number which was inferred in the early established plots was compared to the seedling number gotten from investigations in 2016. The results showed that there were 223 woody species with DBH ≥5 cm in plots, affiliationed to 56 families and 140 genera. The distributed altitude of M. yunnanensis was higher than the recorded altitude up to 850 cm; There were 16 M. yunnanensis trees DBH ≥5 cm in totall in six plots which was in small number with high important value, and their single average DBH and basal area were higher than average level in plot; However, Myristica yunnanensis grew slow and their diameter level was mainly in the small class, only one tree grew into DBH ≥5 cm class in 23 years; their drupes were spred mainly depending on gravity and animals removal, so that the fruits were usually eaten by animals and not easy to keep. These propagation mode caused seedlings and saplings less, leading to difficulties in population regeneration. This study provides the basic information for the further protection of the Myristica yunnanensis.

Variation and correlation of several evergreen broad- leaved trees on uneven-aged foliar traits

2017/7/2 22:58:43

The changes of foliar traits within uneven-aged leaves reflect life strategy optimization under the complex environment of plants. Analysis on life strategy optimization of evergreen board-leaved plants from foliar traits of uneven-aged leaves could help us better understand plant adaption and evolution and material allocation strategy. In the paper, seven common broad-leaved tree species were studied in subtropical evergreen secondary forests of Guidong Hill of Fuzhou, Fujian Province. The variability and correlation of MLA(mean leaf area), SLA(specific leaf area)and LDMC (leaf dry matter content)in current-year and former-year leaves were compared at both individual and species levels. The results were as follows:(1)At both individual and species levels, variance coefficients were the highest in MLA(82.9% and 76.9%), followed by SLA(38.9% and 35.5%)and LDMC(25.4% and 23.8%). The variability coefficients of MLA were lower in current-year leaves(71.5% and 64%)than that of previous-year leaves(72.2% and 65.8%), while SLA and LDMC showed the reverse trend.(2)At individual level, the values of MLA, SLA and LDMC in current-year leaves explained 50.1%, 56.5% and 51.7% of the former-year leaves, while at the species level, they were 61.5%, 77.0% and 68.3% respectively.(3)The change of MLA, SLA and LDMC in uneven-aged foliar traits in seven broad-leaved trees showed that as to the same dry matter invested, larger leaf area and lower leaf construction cost could be found in current-year leaves. In conclusion, uneven-aged foliar traits vary and connect significantly with change of leaf age. Trade-offs between biomass construction and cost in leaf area production might affect plant leaf development.

Size class structure and spatial distribution pattern of Ormosia hosiei plantation in Baiyun Mountain, Lishui

2017/7/2 22:58:43

We set up two 20 m × 40 m plots(Plot 1 and Plot 2)using forest dynamics plot investigation protocol in Ormosia hosiei plantations of Baiyuan Mountain, and conducted a community survey in these two plots. The results were as follows:(1)Thirteen tree and shrub species were recorded, of which the dominant species were Ormosia hosiei, Michelia maudiae and Machilus pauhoi. Stem size class structures of both plots were reverse “J” shaped.(2)Stems of Ormosia hosiei in both plots were spatially randomly distributed. At the small spatial scales, O. hosiei and other species were negatively correlated in both plots, especially in Plot 1.(3)Analysis of soil effects on the DBH growth of O. hosiei only showed a significant effect of soil layer thickness, but not significant effects of total phosphorous content, total nitrogen content, soil pH and litter. The results suggest: ① The Ormosia hosiei plantations were with large growth potentials. ② The intraspecific competition between O. hosiei stems may be weak, while the interspecific competition between O. hosiei and other species may be strong. ③ For the management of these O. hosiei plantations, it might be appropriate to remove some branches of large stems to facilitate the growth of small stems, and to enhance the management of soil layer thickness. Through the study on size class structure and spatial distribution pattern of 40 years mature O. hosiei plantation, we can better understand the update process and structure characteristics, and it provides more scientific basis for artificial afforestation, plantation large size materials and ational management.

Three new records of naturalized plants in Guangxi and analyses on their invasiveness

2017/7/2 0:00:00

Three species of naturalized plants were reported as new records to Guangxi of China, i.e. Amaranthus palmeri, Ipomoea hederifolia and Paspalum wettsteinii. Amaranthus palmeri is an unconsciously introduced exotic species, which was listed in the fourth batch of exotic invasive plants in China by the Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China and Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2016. Ipomoea hederifolia and Paspalum wettsteinii are deliberately introduced exotic species, and established in natural habitats and may become potential invasive plants. The distribution, growth characteristics and propagation properties of the three exotic species were introduced; their spread and invasiveness were also analyzed and discussed in this article. The discovery for the three naturalized plants in natural habitats provides information for prevention and controlling invasive plants in Guangxi.

Carbon storage of ecosystems in holly hill and barren hill karst area

2018/8/27 10:59:57

Holly hill and barren hill both exist in karst landform, karst forest is a fragile and low-biomass ecosystem with barren soil and low resilience and resistance capabilities to disturbance. The holly hill is the place where the vegetation is well protected by the indigenous people who live nearby based on their beliefs, the barren hill is comprised of rocky karst formations that contain the areas of exposed bedrock due to human disturbance. The study is about comparison of carbon storage of ecosystem in holly hill and barren hill, the carbon stocks of holly hill and barren hill ecosystems were studied through field work, laboratory analysis and statistic at Luocheng, Guangxi, China. The results showed that vegetation, soil and litter carbon storage of holly hill ecosystems were 7.42, 5.9 and 1.1 times those of barren hill ecosystems respectively. Carbon storage were 137.06, 93.73 t·hm^-2 at holly hill and barren hill ecosystems respectively, soil carbon storage contributed most in the two ecosystems, and understory and litter contributed less. The comparison of carbon storage of holly hill and barren hill reflects the importance of protecting karst forest, keeping traditional aboriginal culture means a lot for protecting ecological environment and improving carbon sequestration.

Recycling utilization of green wastes promotes the sustainable development of green agriculture

2018/8/27 10:59:57

The recycling utilization of green wastes has great significance for establishing the concept of environmental protection, leading people to actively participate in collection and classification of green wastes, promoting green wastes recycling and ecological protection as well as strategy for green sustainable development. In this study, the green wastes from campus greening were used for making organic mulch and soil amendment by composting technology. Physical properties(bulk density, total porosity, water holding porosity, pH value and EC value)of soil amendment, soil nutrient content as well as the germination rate of extract of soil amendment were measured. Then the soil amendment was applied into the campus experimental soil for soil improvement. The effects of soil amendment were evaluated by determinating physical properties and nutrient content of soil field as well as growth of impatiens and rapeseed grown in the improved soil. Organic mulch effect was evaluated by investigating weed content and the weed inhibition rate of four plots in the four seasons. The results showed that the growth of rapeseed grown in improved soil was better than that in the control. Soil amendment had better improvement effects on hardening soil and soil arability. The growth of the impatiens grown in the soil amendment was inferior to that in the control, which indicates that the soil amendment is not suitable for nutritional growth media. The organic mulch applied on campus has significant suppression effects of weed and dust as well as good landscape effect. The key technologies of compost and the existing problems of green waste utilization were also discussed in this paper.

Effects of straw returning farmland, abandoned land and woodland on soil carbon in Hanzhong basin

2018/8/27 10:59:57

Due to the increase of atmospheric gas concentration in greenhouse, climate warming caused great inconvenience to people's production and living. Therefore, soil carbon pool [soil organic carbon(SOC)and soil inorganic carbon(SIC)] has attracted much attention. Straw returning farmlands and abandoned farmland changed the input carbon, which affected the SIC and SOC conversion processes and soil carbon pool. SIC has a long retention time, and SOC plays an important role in the formation of soil aggregates and the adsorption of mineral nutrients for plants. With rural population reduction, straw returning farmland, abandoned land and woodland are very common. There is lack of research on the effects of land use change on different soil carbons. The results showed that SOC is the most sensitive to the soil depth of the farmland, followed by abandoned land, the lowest sensitive forest land. The density of SOC in the topsoil of forest land was the largest, followed by farmland, and the smallest was abandoned. The SOC carbon density in woodland was 2.26 times of that in abandoned land. SOC carbon density in farmland was 1.37 times of that in abandoned land in 0-140 cm soil. The abandonment farmland SIC density was the biggest, followed by farmland, with the lowest SIC carbon density in forestlands. In the 0-140 cm soil layer, the SIC densities were 12.37, 11.68 and 9.77 kg · m^-2, respectively. SIC carbon density in abandoned fields was 1.27 times that of woodland. With the development of rural areas in China, a new way of land use management has emerged, estimating the impact of land use on soil carbon needs to consider SOC and SIC.

Ecological function of leaf trait differentiation in Broussonetia papyifera

2018/8/27 10:59:57

Leaf trait differentiation is common in the nature. Different leaf traits have close relationship with resources access and utilization efficiency of plants, and reflect the survival strategies of plants to certain environments. Their ecological function have been focused by ecologists and evolutionists. Dozens of studies have shown that the diversity of leaf traits reflected to the differential adaptive strategy of plant. There are two types of leaf traits(entire leaf and cleft leaf)of Broussonetia papyifera. However, we are still unknown about the ecological function of these two types of leaves. We hypothesized that the entire leaf and the cleft leaf had differential function for adaptting to herbivory disturbance. We conducted to the field and laboratory experiment for examining the incidence of pest, leaf area, total phenol, condensed tannins and flavonoid contents between the entire leaves and the crack leaves. The results were as follows:(1)Incidence of pest in the entire leaves was higher than that in the crack leaves, and it was increased averagely by 100%.(2)The entire leaf area was dramatically higher than that the crack leaves under natural conditions, and it was increased averagely by 44%.(3)There were the significant differences in total phenol, condensed tannins and flavonoid contents between the entire leaves and the cleft leaves under natural conditions. On average, total phenol, condensed tannins and flavonoid contents were increased by 6.0%, 4.2% and 16.2% in the crack leaves than those in the entire leaves, respectively.(4)Similarly, total phenol and condensed tannins content were increased averagely by 5.0% in the cleft leaves than those in the entire leaves under the pest damage leaf treatments.(5)In addition, there were significant differences in total phenol, condensed tannins and flavonoids content between the entire leaves and the cleft leaves under artificial remove leaf treatments. On average, total phenol, condensed tannins and flavonoids content were increased by 8.0%, 1.6% and 25.4% in the crack leaves than those in the entire leaves, respectively. The results suggested that the phenol content of the entire leaves and the cleft leaves divergently respond to the pest damage leaf and artificial remove leaf treatment. We speculate that the variation in peat damage rate between the entire leaves and the cleft leaves may result from the divergence of the phenol contents in leaves. The result offer the case study of leaf function to respond to herbi-vory disturbance.

New records of angiosperm provincial distribution in China

2018/8/27 10:59:57

Ten species are reported as new records in four provinces or regions of China, Polygonum senticosum(Meisner)Franchet & Savatier, Polygonatum acuminatifolium Komarov and Gentiana thunbergii(G. Don)Grisebach in Inner Mongolia; Agropyron cristatum (Linnaeus)Gaertner, Agropyron mongolicum Keng in Xizang; Gagea chinensis Y. Z. Zhao & L. Q. Zhao, Carex capricornis Meinshausen ex Maximowicz, Carex appendiculata(Trautvetter)Kükenthal and Epipactis papillosa Franch & Savatier in Shaanxi; Carex helingeeriensis L. Q. Zhao & J. Yang in Shanxi. The voucher specimens are held in HIMC.

Some new records from Guangxi

2018/8/27 10:59:57

Weizhou Island, a national marine park, is the biggest volcanic island in China. The plants of Weizhou Island have been investigated by the Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration and Xiamen University twice in 2016 and 2017. In total, 348 herbarium specimens were collected. From these collections two genera(Lepturus and Thuarea)and six species from across four families were identified as new records to Guangxi(Indigofera colutea, Vigna marina, Blachia pentzii, Leucas chinensis, Lepturus repens and Thuarea involuta). All these species are adapted to the coastal habitat. These new records not only enriched the data of plant diversity of Guangxi, but also provide a useful reference for ecological remediation of coastal areas.

New records of six Orchideceae species from Guangxi

2018/8/27 10:59:57

Neottia japonica (Blume)Szlachetko, Liparis tsii H. Z. Tian & A. Q. Hu, L. fargesii Finet, Oberonia jenkinsiana Lindley, Cymbidium suavissimum C. Curtis, Goodyera biflora(Lindley)J. D. Hooker are newly recorded in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China. Taxonomic features, diagnoses, geographic distributions and pictures of the six newly recorded species are provided.

Effects of climate and forest types on soil aggregation organic carbon

2018/4/2 10:37:05

Study on effects of climate and forest types on soil organic carbon(SOC)in aggregation would attribute much to a better understanding of the variation pattern of soil aggregation organic carbon(OC), and provide researchers with data support for better predicting SOC response to global climate change. We sampled 0-20 cm surface soil layers from eight forests(including broad-leaved, mingled and coniferous forests)in three climate zones, subtropical, warm temperate and cool temperate zone. We also classified macro-aggregation and micro-aggregation with dry sieve method, measured their OC contents and percentages, and analyzed the relationship between aggregation OC and environmental variables. The results showed that both macro-aggregation and micro-aggregation OC contents were significantly affected by climate, and the OC contents of both macro-aggregation and micro-aggregation decreased with the increasing mean annual temperature(MAT). We suggested that this results were caused by the inhibited microbial decomposition activity by the low temperature in the higher latitude area. Aggregation OC percentage was significantly affected by forest types: higher in broad-leaved forests and lower in coniferous forests, resulting from different litter qualities and quantities between various forest types. In addition, soil pH and texture could also affect soil aggregation OC. The aforementioned results indicated that temperature rise and forest structure variation by human disturbance might cause soil aggregation OC content decrease, and lead exacerbate global climate change.

Potential distribution of Fritillaria unibracteata predicted by the MaxEnt model

2018/4/2 10:37:05

Fritillaria unibracteata is an important medicinal plant due to its dried bulbs. However, it was massively collected by the natives in recent years, so that its wild resources had been seriously damaged, and been listed as national the third-class protective medicinal plants. In this study, its potential distribution was predicted by collecting geographic coordinates, combining with 26 environmental variables based on the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS platform. The results showed that its potential distribution areas were mainly located in western and northern Sichuan, southern Qinghai, southern Gansu. Within these areas, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan(Lixian, Maoxian, Songpan County, Hongyuan County and Heishui County), Kolo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai(Jiuzhi County, Maqin County, Tongde County, Xinghai County and Henan County)and Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu were determined as the best potential distribution areas. And the populations of F. unibracteata also fragmentally distributed in Tibet and Yunnan. In addition, there were another five major environmental factors which exerted obvious influence on its distributions, including altitude(40.8%), annual average precipitation(28%), maxmum temperature of January(7.1%), mean temperature of the driest quarter(6.6%)and the precipitation variation coefficient(6.6%). Its suitable ecological niche parameters were altitude around 2 700-4 500 m and annual average precipitation around 400-1 400 mm. This study can provide a scientific guidance for conservation and cultivation of Fritillaria unibracteata.

Correlation between community structure parameters of pure forests and temperature reduction and humidity increase in summer

2018/4/2 10:37:05

In the early research, the temperature reduction and humidity increase of plants were mainly based on big scale measurement such as green belt and microcosmic research in the scale of leaves in use of photosynthesis equipment, ignoring the effects of tree types and structural characteristics of communities in the dimension of quantification. We investigated the correlation among the effects of temperature reduction and humidity increase, canopy porosity and density based on small scale of pure forest, using dummy variable regression analysis. Furthermore, in order to obtain certain conclusion in the range of our research, we also put forward the optimal interval of structural parameter. The results showed canopy density was significantly positively correlated with both temperature reduction and humidity increase. While canopy porosity was positively correlated with temperature reduction and negatively correlated with humidity increase, but there was no significant difference. The pure forests could elaborate maximum function of releasing thermal island effect when canopy porosity ranged from 0.81 to 0.85 and canopy density ranged from 0.31 to 0.35. At the same time, we took the types of pure tree as related factors. The results showed there was no significant difference among Liquidambar formosana, Cercis chinensis and Magnolia grandiflora. And we also found significant difference appeared in Cerasus, Acer palmatum, Cinnamomum camphora and Acer palmatum ‘Atropurpureum' and Cerasus when it comes to temperature reduction effect. As for humidity increase that the pure forests played, we can see Osmanthus fragrans, Cinnamomum camphora, Acer palmatum ‘Atropurpureum' showed no difference compared to Magnolia grandiflora while there were significant differences between Sapium sebiferum and Cercis chinensis. This study provides a scientific basis for the selection of plant configurations to alleviate the heat island effect through urban greening, and provides a quantitative reference model for the urban green space to mitigate the heat island effect evaluation system, which has far-reaching impact in the ecology field.

Resource investigation and structure characteristic analysis of avenue trees in Liuzhou City

2018/4/2 10:37:05

Through the comprehensive survey of the main avenue landscape greening in Liuzhou, 68 road trees were selected in the four urban districts to conduct on-site investigation and comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that there were 28 species of avenue trees in Liuzhou, belonging to 17 families and 21 genera. The proportion of evergreen tree species and deciduous tree species, native tree species and exotic tree species was reasonable. The frequency of application of Ficus microcarpa and F. virens in the avenue trees of Liuzhou City was higher than that in the urban areas, and the structure of tree species was relatively simple. The application frequency of seasonal tree species in various urban areas was not balanced, and the effects of spring landscape construction in some urban areas were significant, while the effects of summer and winter seasonal landscape were not significant. There was still a big gap between the standard rate of afforestation and avenue promotion rate from the national ecological garden city. Species richness and diversity index need to be improved. It was suggested that the application and popularization of native tree species should be increased, the species richness and the application of seasonal tree species in urban areas should be improved, and the seasonal landscape of urban roads should be built. Therefore, we put forward technical suggestions for developing native tree species, rich tree species diversity and seasonal landscape construction, and provided scientific basis for planning and construction of avenue tree species in Liuzhou City.

Resource distribution characteristics and conservation of native Palmaceae species in Fujian Province

2018/4/2 10:37:05

To study the native species of Plamaceae family, one of widly applied families in the world, native species resource distribution was carried out, which is helpful to make a more reasonable and scientific strategy to protect and use the palm resource. Based on the field survey and statics collection, ten native species belonging to eight genera were found for this family and Caryota maxima were suggested to be a newly recorded species in Fujian. Palm tree distributed separately in Fujian Province, with more abundant species in its southern part. Zhangzhou City has eight species ranking the first, Fuzhou and Longyan cities have four species respectively among nine cities. Trachycarpus fortune and Calamus thysanolepis were recorded in the nine cities suggesting they are cosmopolitan species while Livistona saribus, Caryota ochlandra, Phoenix canariensis, Pinanga discolor, Calamus tetradactylus were only found in Zhangzhou City indicating that they are stenotopic species. Native palm tree is located in the subtropical evergreen board forest, forest edge or shrub, along the brook in Fujian. Artificial harvest and living environment destruction were the main reasons for them to become endangered. Suggestions for the main protecting approaches are conservation in situ or ex situ and strengthen science research on Palmaceae.

Newly recorded species of mosses in Guangxi,China

2018/4/2 10:37:05

Based on the field investigation and identification of mosses in Southwest Guangxi, 1 952 moss specimens were collected and 47 species belonging to 25 families, 36 genera were newly reported in Guangxi. Each species with the specimen information was given, including the updated distribution. This study not only enrich the diversity of bryophytes in Guangxi, but also provide new reference for the floristic study and resource development of bryophytes in China.

New records of pteridophytes in Xizang

2018/4/2 10:37:05

Some pteridophytes are reported for the first time from Xizang Autonomous Region of China. These include two genera, Pityrogramma and Ctenitis, fifteen species and one variety: Selaginella remotifolia, Pityrogramma calomelanos, Lomagramma yunnanensis, Polystichum scariosum, Arachniodes gigantea, Dryopteris wuzhaohongii, D. kawakamii, Ctenitis subglandulosa, Microlepia rhomboidea, Athyrium xichouense, Diplazium ovatum, D. simile, Pseudocyclosorus tuberculifer, Cyclosorus procurrens, Cyclogramma auriculata, Lepisorus mucronatus, L. sordidus, Selliguea rhynchophylla and Arthromeris himalayensis var. niphoboloides. Furthermore, a new suggestion on taxonomic treatment of Microlepia medogensis was raised. All the voucher specimens were deposited in Shanghai Chenshan Herbarium(CSH)

Bulbophyllum pinicola(Orchidaceae), a newly recorded species in China

2018/4/2 10:37:05

Bulbophyllum pinicola, a newly recorded species of Orchidaceae from China is illustrated by colorful photos. B. pinicola is similar to B. acutiflorum, but can be easy distinguished from the later by the following features: sepals lanceolate, apex acuminate; petals triangular lanceolate, apex acuminate; lip slightly excurvate.