Hymenasplenium belongs to the fern family Aspleniaceae, which comprises about 800 species, and it has approximately 30 species widely distributed in East and Southeast Asia and tropical America. Hybrids and intraspecific polyploidy are frequently found in Hymenasplenium. Like revealed in Asplenium, another genus comprises over 700 species in Aspleniaceae, hybridization and polyploidization might be key evolutionary processes in Hymenasplenium. Consequences of these processes are species with complex evolutionary history and their taxonomic problems difficult to be resolved. So far, boundaries for several species in Hymenasplenium still remain unclear. Species numbers and taxonomy for this group of plants still need further study. In order to establish a natural classification for Hymenasplenium, traditional taxonomy researches are needed. In this study, morphological characteristics of Hymenasplenium were studied in order to explore the taxonomy and species relationship within this group. The spore morphology, shape of the pinna, scales on the petioles and rhizomes, and the characteristics of the frond veins of ten species of Hymenasplenium were investigated in detail. The results showed that the morphology of fronds and pinnae were valuable characters to distinguish some species such as H. excisum, H. cheilosorum and species among H. retusullum group. However, spore and scale were similar among species in Hymenasplenium and only slightly differed among H. murakami-hatanakae, H. hondoense, H. apogamum and H. cheilosorum. The results indicate that morphological characteristics are important for recognizing species in this genus. However, more evidence should be taken into account in order to revising taxonomy of Hymenasplenium. This study provide evidence for further research of taxonomy and species diversity of Hymenasplenium.]]> 2017/11/8 11:52:30 1,2, CHANG Yan-Fen^1*]]> HONG Hua-Feng^1,2, CHANG Yan-Fen^1* 9true Platycrater arguta, we conducted field observations and artificial pollination experiments on flowering phenology, morphology and breeding system. P. arguta studied in this paper was grown in Shangrao Guangfeng Tongbo Mountain National Nature Reserve and Yangjifeng National Nature Reserve in Jiangxi. The results were as follows:(1)P. arguta inflorescence as umbel, and flowering in middle summer, the flowering span of the population and single flowering were approximately 10 d and 2-3 d, respectively. The flowering process had significant difference due to the average annual temperature and illumination in two protected areas.(2)Fertile flowers and sterile flowers changed their colours from green to white to attract pollinators, and increased frequency of insect visiting.(3)The ratio of pollen to ovule(P/O)was 2 520-3 100. The outcrossing index(OCI)was 3 or 4.(4)The breeding system mainly belonged to outcrossing, with partial self-compatibility, and the pollinator insects were essential. The most frequent floral visitors were bees(Bombus sp., Apis florea and Andrena cammelia).(5)Two experiments bagged and artificial pollination showed that P. arguta breeding system could be self-pollination and cross-pollination, the fruit-setting rate and seed-setting rate of cross-pollination were significantly higher than self-pollination. Lack of pollination insects, low pollination efficiency, deposition of self pollen and partial self-compatibility may account for the low fruit set and seed set. It was suggested that habitat affected the early stage reproduction process of P. arguta plants. It was concluded that the main way of population spreading of P. arguta was the sexual reproduction and the asexual reproduction as an important supplementmean and reproductive protection.]]> 2017/11/8 11:52:30 1,2, QIU Li-Hong^2*]]> ZHANG Li-Fang^1,2, QIU Li-Hong^2* 8true Amomum tsaoko, a flexistylous ginger, build an insect-plant interrelation to influence on reproduction of its two morphs. The nectar production of both the morphs reached a peak during 16:40-19:00 in one-day anthesis, although the anaflexistylous flowers offered significantly more nectar than the cataflexistylous morph, which was influenced significantly by temperature, light and humidity, and whose fruit-setting rate was significantly lower than the former. The visiting frequency of the effective pollinator(Apis cerean cerana)was an bimodal visit pattern in one-day anthesis. The bees were significantly affected by both temperature and humidity, 78% or 18 ℃ was suitable for them to visit. In one-day anthesis, temperature and humidity influence on the bees and the dynamic secretion of nectar of the plant collectively promoted the bimodal visit pattern of the bees. Both the rhythms of the nectar secretion of the plant and the bimodal visit pattern of the bees matched with the flexistylous movement of the plant, favoring to the precise pollination and maintaining flexistyly of the plant. Between the two morphs, the influences of the environmental factors on the nectar secretion were significantly different, and had consequently different behavioral responses of the pollinators and the reproductive success. Properly increasing the anaflexistylous morph in a population of the plant would obtain higher prolificacy.]]> 2017/11/8 11:52:30 1, ZHANG Hong-Wu³, LIU Xiao-Li¹, QIAN Zi-Gang¹, GUAN Kai-Yun², YANG Yao-Wen^1*]]> LI Guo-Dong¹, ZHANG Hong-Wu³, LIU Xiao-Li¹, QIAN Zi-Gang¹, GUAN Kai-Yun², YANG Yao-Wen^1* 7true Michelia crassipes, a small tree to low shrub in Magnoliaceae, is a great ornamental plant with fragrant and dark purple flowers. It is a great ornamental germplasm resource for breeding Magnolia plants for container production. In order to explain the main reasons for the low natural seed rate of M. crassipes and determine optimum pollinating time for Magnolia cross breeding, the pollination biology of M. crassipes was studied. We attempted to study the floral character through field observation in Changsha. We also estimate the type of breeding system by out-crossing index(OCI), the pollen-ovule ratio(P/O), pollen viability and the stigma receptivity. And artificial pollination experiments were carried out. The visitors and their behaviors were observed and recorded. The results were as follows:(1)The florescence of the M. crassipes was from mid-April to late May, lasting for approximately 50 d. Each flower opened for 4-5 d.(2)M. crassipes was a typical species that monoecious with protogyny and herkogamy, and stamen was higher than pistil on spatial location. However, pistils were ready before stamens.(3)The outcrossing index(OCI)was four and pollen/ovule ratio(P/O)was 2,671±123, which indicated that M. crassipes should be majorly classified as an allogamous plant.(4)The artificial pollination revealed that spontaneous self-pollination phenomenon was existed and no apomixis phenomenon under field conditions. The fruiting rates and seed quality of artificial cross-pollination were significantly higher than that of natural and self-pollination.(5)The optimal time to pollinate M. Crassipes with M. figo was 36 h after flowering when the gynoecium began to bend and secrete mucus, with the highest successful fruiting rate of 85.7%.(6)The effective pollinators mainly were Apis cerana, Episyrphus balteatus and Allomyrina dichotoma whose frequency of pollination was low and easily affected by weather. In conclusion, the breeding system of M. crassipes was self-pollination, and mainly cross-pollination which requires pollinators. In addition, inbreeding depression was existed to some extent. And its fruit-setting rate was limited by pollinators and herkogamy under natural conditions. The success rate of hybridization could be raised by determining the optimum pollination time. The results can promote for protecting the resources M. Crassipes and hybridization of Magnolia.]]> 2017/11/8 11:52:30 1, CAI Meng-Ying¹, JIN Xiao-Ling^1*, ZHANG Dong-Lin^1,2]]> CHAI Yi-Xia¹, CAI Meng-Ying¹, JIN Xiao-Ling^1*, ZHANG Dong-Lin^1,2 6true Nemosenecio yunnanensis and N. formosanus, chromosomal dates of two species in Nemosenecio, are reported for the first time herein. The results showed that both of these two species have 48 chromosomes, with their karyotypes being 2n=2x=36m + 10sm + 2st, which are somewhat different from that of N. incisifolius previously reported. The chromosomes of the both two species showed a steady gradation from the longest to the shortest in length, with no evidence of bimodality, while the chromosomes size of the former are obviously much bigger than those of the latter. The results confirm that x=24 should be the basic chromosome number in Nemosenecio, and also reveal that the genus Nemosenecio is indeed closely relative to those species with x=24 as the basic chromosome number in Sinosenecio and Tephroseris at geneal level.]]> 2017/11/8 11:52:30 3, TANG Ming^{1, 2*}]]> WANG Long-Yuan³, TANG Ming^{1, 2*} 5true China Plant Catalogue Volume 1(3)(Liliaceae-Dilleniaceae), the authorities of two species from Liliaceae were wrongly treated and used, and we found it was necessary to explain and give new treatment for the two taxa. As a result, the incorrect later isonym, Lilium concolor var. pulchellum(Fisch.)Regel adopted in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, should be corrected to Lilium concolor var. pulchellum (Fisch.)Baker. Tricyrtis pilosa Wall., adopted in Flora of China, should be replaced by Tricyrtis maculata(D. Don)J. F. Macbr., which is based on Compsoa maculata D. Don.]]> 2017/11/8 11:52:30 1,2, TONG Yi-Hua³, LI Juan⁴, YANG Li-Qin⁴, HE Xing-Jin^4*]]> LIU Bo^1,2, TONG Yi-Hua³, LI Juan⁴, YANG Li-Qin⁴, HE Xing-Jin^4* 4true Berberis bodinieri Lév. was published in 1911, but Léveilléin did not specify the herbarium in which the holotype was deposited. Furthermore, since its publication, B. bodinieri had been neglected in literatures about Berberis worldwide for more than one century. In 2014, the author found the holotype of B. bodinieri in E, the Royal Botanical Gardens, Edinburgh, UK. Later, based on comparative analysis of the holotypes and protologues of B. bodinieri and B. wilsoniae Hemsl. var. guhtzunica(Ahrendt)Ahrendt, obvious similarities were found between these two taxa in the main taxonomic characteristics, including the sulcate branches, spathulate or obovate-spathulate leaves, racemose or umbellate inflorescences, subglobose or oblate, red berries with prominent persistent styles. Consequently, B. bodinieri is treated herein as a synonymy of B. wilsoniae var. guhtzunica.]]> 2017/11/8 0:00:00 LI Xin-Hua 3true Cunninghamia lanceolata is native to China, and it is an important timber tree in South China. Investigation of morphological and structural development of pollen can provide the basis for studying reproductive development, sexual propagation and phylogeny in C. lanceolata. In this study, we selected C. lanceolata from Yangzhou as experimental materials, and investigated the development of pollen using semi-thin section, scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The main results are shown as follows: The sporogenous cells initiated in mid-October, and were located in center of microsporangia, and these cells were polygonal with a dense arrangement. Each sporogenous cell had a thin wall with a large nucleus, and it was rich in organelles and lipids. After separating from each other, some sporogenous cells were developed into microspore mother cells which meiosis occurred in late February. After twice meiotic divisions, dyad and tetrad were formed successively. After the release from the tetrad, microspore enlarged rapidly and then became the mature pollen. Obvious variation of nutrients was observed in this process. The wall of mature pollen consisted of the thin-walled area and the thick-walled area. The center of the thin-walled area was a germinal aperture. There are many warty particles on the surface of pollen exine.]]> 2017/11/8 11:52:30 *]]> MA Kai-Biao, TANG Liang, CUI Jia-Wen^* 2true 2. This paper reported the results of study on floristic feature of the spermatophytic flora of Fanjing Mountain region. The results were as followed:(1)The area was rich in species and complex in geographical elements. There were 2 584 species belonging to 843 genera and 163 families, in which 1 010 species were endemic to China(among them 46 species are endemic to Fanjing Mountain). The tropical geographical elements of genera was a little more than temperate zone.(2)The flora of Fanjing Mountain was rich of relict and endemic species and original taxa, e.g. Abies fanjingshanensis, Tsuga longibracteata, Cephalotaxus sinensis, Tetracentron sinense, Bretschneidera sinensis, Euptelea pleiosperma, etc.(3)The flora of Fanjing Mountain had extensive relationship with the surrounding flora. The analysis indicated that Fanjing Mountain was probably situated at a special distribution boundary, where there were 120 families 197 genera 288 species. They were the north, south, east and west boundary of 103, 62, 87 and 36 species respectively. In other words, Fanjing Mountain was the barrier that prevented many tropical and subtropical plants moving further north and also stopped many west Himalaya components moving eastward.(4)Both evergreen trees and deciduous trees had developed collectively, and tropical geographical elements and temperate geographical elements had competed strongly. Furthermore, Fanjing Mountain is an important floristic region to Chinese spermatophytic flora and East Asia flora.]]> 2017/11/8 11:52:31 *, RONG Li]]> WU Ren-Xia, XIONG Kang-Ning^*, RONG Li 1true