Primulina(180 species), Oreocharis(122 species), Petrocosmea(39 species), Hemiboea(39 species), Aeschynanthus(38 species), Didymocarpus(35 species), Petrocodon(31 species), Lysionotus(31 species), Paraboea(28 species)and Henckelia(22 species). The following ten areas and provinces are rich in Gesneriaceae: Guangxi(260 species, 33 genera), Yunnan(236 species, 30 genera), Guizhou(96 species, 28 genera), Guangdong(93 species, 17 genera), Sichuan(85 species, 21 genera), Hunan(58 species, 13 genera), Tibet(39 species, 9 genera), Hubei(29 species, 15 genera), Fujian(26 species, 13 genera)and Jiangxi(25 species, 9 genera). Endemic species are rich in genera including Primulina(178 species), Oreocharis(119 species), Petrocosmea(37 species), Hemiboea(35 species), Petrocodon(30 species), Didymocarpus(29 species), Lysionotus(23 species), Paraboea(19 species), Aeschynanthus(19 species)and Henckelia(11 species). Our results indicate that Primulina has the highest species diversity and the endemism in China, followed by Oreocharis, Petrocosmea, Hemiboea, Petrocodon and Lysionotus. South and Southwest China are the centers of Gesneriad diversity, containing many representative and narrow-range endemic species. Within South and Southwest China, the limestone areas have the highest species diversity and percentage of endemic species. Gesneriaceae has high diversity in China, so that more taxonomic and phylogenetic studies to be done in the future, as well as conservation and sustainable utilization.]]> 2017/11/8 0:00:00 1, GUO Jing², PAN Bo¹, ZHANG Qiang¹, LIU Yan^1*]]> XU Wei-Bin¹, GUO Jing², PAN Bo¹, ZHANG Qiang¹, LIU Yan^1* 10true 2017/11/8 0:00:00 许为斌，郭 婧, 盘 波, 张 强, 刘 演 9true 2017/11/8 0:00:00 1, 黄俞淞², 许为斌¹, 黄 洁¹, 刘 演², 向春雷³, 张 强^1*]]> 卢永彬¹, 黄俞淞², 许为斌¹, 黄 洁¹, 刘 演², 向春雷³, 张 强^1* 8true Petrocodon Hance is a genus(ca. 30 species)in the angiosperm family Gesneriaceae, which are mainly distributed in the limestone region of South China. The genus is special for its remarkable floral diversity, and is also one of the most taxonomy-difficult groups in the family. Although the genus was redefined to accommodate species with distinctive floral morphologies from eight other genera based on molecular phylogenetic studies, the evolutionary trends of the floral characters have not been studied comprehensively yet; the major causes of the incongruence between traditional taxonomy and molecular phylogenetic studies remain largely unexplored; and the morphological characters that can support the redefined Petrocodon keep unknown, either. In the present study, we coded 35 morphological characters(including 26 floral characters)of 19 Petrocodon species and 9 outgroup taxa of Primulina, traced the evolutionary trends and addressed the taxonomic implications in Petrocodon based on phylogenetic tree. We found that most of the floral characters, especially those used for delimiting traditional genera, evolved frequently and highly homoplasiously within and across the genus, which were the key factors that misled the traditional classifications. Further, we proposed that among all the characters we examined, the shape of filaments and stigmas may be used to distinguish most taxa of Petrocodon from its closest relative Primulina. The present study indicates that caution must be taken when using these floral traits in future classification of Gesneriaceae. Moreover, extensive examinations of the morphological characters and their evolutionary trends need to be carried out and traced upon denser sampling and more robust phylogenetic tree. More importantly, efforts should also be taken to investigate the underlying molecular regulatory networks and driving forces underpinning the complicated floral evolution of Petrocodon. All these will finally improve the understandings of the evolutionary processes and mechanism of this group of typical karst flora and its allies.]]> 2017/11/8 0:00:00 1, HUANG Yu-Song², XU Wei-Bin¹, HUANG Jie¹, LIU Yan², XIANG Chun-Lei³, ZHANG Qiang^1*]]> LU Yong-Bin¹, HUANG Yu-Song², XU Wei-Bin¹, HUANG Jie¹, LIU Yan², XIANG Chun-Lei³, ZHANG Qiang^1* 7true Petrocodon lui and soil fertility values in the native environments. The results were as follows:(1)Pet. lui had a higher important value in their habitats. It was ranked the second in the Levins and Hurblert niche breadth index. But the Pianka niche overlap showed that when a competitive relationship occurred, Pet. lui was always at a competitive disadvantage. The above showed that it had a high degree of utilization of resources in the native environment, but the competitive ability was weak.(2)There were significant differences in the environmental resources of different spaces in the karst cave environment. This leaded to the complexity of the niche overlap value and the interspecific relationship. Hence the need for research based on the difference between the biological characteristics of the species and the needs of the environment.(3)There were certain relations between differently ecological factors and resource availability in the type locality of Pet. lui. Because of the very weak competitiveness of Pet. lui with its accompanying plant species, this mechanism provides some protection to alleviate the pressure on struggling. Therefore, we should make it a priority to protect the natural habitat in our later work.]]> 2017/11/8 0:00:00 1, 2, XU Shuang-Shuang¹, YANG Shi-Yong¹, FU Long-Fei², WEI Yi-Gang², WEN Fang^2*]]> WU Hao-Tian^{1, 2}, XU Shuang-Shuang¹, YANG Shi-Yong¹, FU Long-Fei², WEI Yi-Gang², WEN Fang^2* 6true Primulina effusa F. Wen & B. Pan, a new species of Gesneriaceae from limestone areas of South China is published here. The current existence status of two new species are assessed as “Critically Endangered” according to their population information and threatened situations.]]> 2017/11/8 0:00:00 1, ZOU Ling-Li¹, ZHANG Rui-Li², KANG Ming³, WEN Fan^1*]]> PAN Bo¹, ZOU Ling-Li¹, ZHANG Rui-Li², KANG Ming³, WEN Fan^1* 5true Loxostigma dongxingensis(Chun ex K. Y. Pan)Möller & Y. M. Shui, belongs to Loxostigma Clarke, which was never recorded before in Guangdong. Loxostigma species are perennial herbs or subshrub, having rhizomes or not. Corolla bilabiate, tube broadly tubular, stamens 4, anthers coherent in pairs at apex, and two pairs of stamens are gradually connivent. Seeds with one hairlike appendage at each end. Loxostigma species are similar to Briggsia species. There are eleven spsecies in Loxostigma so far, distributed in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sikkim, and North Vietnam. All eleven species distribute in China(Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi). This is the first record in Guangdong. Guangdong is the most east boundary where Loxostigma naturally distributed. L. dongxingensis is perennial herbs, stems 20-60 cm, corolla yellow, swelling at the base, then become constricted above the base and below the middle, stamens 4, anthers coherent in pairs, distributed in Guangxi and North Vietnam, first recorded in Guangdong, grows in shaded dense forest near streams in Xiangyashan Forest Station of Deqing County.]]> 2017/11/8 0:00:00 *]]> LIU Jia, TAN Wei-Zheng, FENG Hui-Zhe, LIAO Wen-Bo^* 4true Primulina lutea, P. purpurea and Paraboea guilinensis, three kinds of plants of Gesneriaceae were cultivated in limestone soil and red soil. Morphological characters of these plants were discussed, the chemical elemental contents of plant leaves were tested and compared in two soils. At the same time, the leaves and soil were collected in the sampling sites, and the leaf elements and soil elements were measured as a reference of nursery test. The results showed that the growth and adaptability of three species of Gesneriaceae had differences in two kinds of soils. They grew well in the limestone soil, but not well in red soil. Except for N, the other elements in leaves of Paraboea guilinensis such as P, K, Mn, Mg, Ca, Zn and Cu had extremely significant differences(P<0.01). Except for P, the other elements in leaves of Primulina purpurea such as N, K, Mn, Mg, Ca, Zn and Cu had extremely significant differences in these two kinds of soils(P<0.01). Except for N, Cu, Ca, the other elements in leaves of P. lutea such as P, K, Mn, Mg, Zn had extremely significant differences in these two kinds of soils(P<0.01). Except that some of the leaf element ratios had no difference, most of the leaf element ratios of these three species had extremely significant differences in these two kinds of soils. The correlation analysis of leaf element and cultivated soil element showed that the content of leaf element, like Mn, was positively correlated with the contents of elements in soil such as N, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn and organic matter. The soil element content, like P, was positively correlated with the content of leaf element such as N, P, and it was negatively related with leaf element like Zn. In the same cultivated conditions, soil and genetic factors were the main causes of different adapations of P. lutea, P. purpurea and Paraboea guilinensis.]]> 2017/11/8 0:00:00 1, LI Bo², HU Xing-Hua¹, DENG Tao¹, HUANG Shi-Xun^1*, ZOU Ling-Li¹]]> LIU He-Xia¹, LI Bo², HU Xing-Hua¹, DENG Tao¹, HUANG Shi-Xun^1*, ZOU Ling-Li¹ 3true Primulina glandaceistriata is a highly ornamental value of the wild flowers in karst area, yet there is no research on the tissue culture of P. glandaceistriata. We took the leaves of P. glandaceistriata as material to study tissue culture and rapid propagation by two methods. The results showed that the optimum medium for adventitious bud regeneration was MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.10 mg·L^-1, the optimum medium for multiplication culture was MS+ZT 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.10 mg·L^-1+ active carbon 0.05 g·L^-1 and the multiplication coefficient was 11.09, the optimum culture medium which induced the callus was MS+TDZ 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.10 mg·L^-1, the best differentiation medium was MS+ZT 1.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.10 mg·L^-1 and the differentiation coefficient was 12.46, the optimum medium for rooting culture was 1/2MS+IBA0.1 mg·L^-1+ active carbon 0.05 g·L^-1 and 1/2MS+IBA0.5 mg·L^-1+ active carbon 0.05 g·L^-1, the rooting rate was 100%. In this study, tissue culture and rapid propagation system of P. glandaceistriata was successfully developed to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for future research on genetic transformation.]]> 2017/11/8 0:00:00 *]]> YAN Hai-Xia, DENG Jie-Ling, HUANG Chang-Yan, GUAN Shi-Kai, HE Jing-Zhou, ZHANG Zi-Bin, BU Zhao-Yang^* 2true Primulina genus, Paraboea genus, Oreocharis genus, Lysionotus genus, Didymocarpus genus, Glabrella genus, Hemiboea genus and Titanotrichum genus. The fruit-setting was calculated in different interspecific crosses. In addition, hybrid seed germinations were observed. The results were as follows:(1)Species in the different genra and same genus as the female parent, cross with the same male parent all showed significant difference in fruit-setting.(2)Species in the different genra and same genus as the male parent, cross with the same female parent all showed significant difference in cross-compatibility.(3)The differences of fruit-setting between positive and reverse crosses were significant.(4)Mature seeds were easily obtained from intergeneric cross between some species of Oreocharis genus and Hemiboea genus, Chirita genus and Lysionotus genus, Lysionotus genus and Hemiboea genus or Primulina genus, Glabrella genus and Primulina genus or Lysionotus genus.(5)Compatibility of intergeneric crosses between sect. Oreocharis, sect. Orthoanthera and sect. Stomactin were observed.]]> 2017/11/8 0:00:00 1, XU Hui², WAN Zuo-Xi³, HUANG Sheng^1,4*]]> LV Wen-Jun¹, XU Hui², WAN Zuo-Xi³, HUANG Sheng^1,4* 1true