Ranunculus(Ranunculaceae), Ranunculus longziensis and R. uniradicatus are described as new from South Tibet Autonomous Region, China. R. longziensis is closely related to R. densiciliatus W. T. Wang, differing from the latter in its glabrous stems, glabrous leaves, undivided and mostly 5-nerved basal leaves, and lanceolate-linear cauline leaves; and R. uniradicatus is slightly similar in habit to R. nyalamensis W. T. Wang, differing from the latter in its annual habit, a herb with only a single fibrous root, glabrous stems, narrow-obovate petals, and puberulous ovaries.]]> 2019/9/27 16:15:48 WANG Wen-tsai 16true Aconitum(Ranunculaceae), A. tianschanicum, collected from Xinjiang, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is closely related to A. sinchiangense, but differring from the latter species in its glabrous stem, absence of basal leaves, rachis and pedicels with yellow glandular hairs, wider upper sepals, all the sepals with marginal hairs and sparsely spreading pubescence outside, dilated and erose apex of petal lips, and immature carpels with sparse glandular hairs.]]> 2019/9/27 0:00:00 YANG Zongzong 15true Sophora alopecuroides populations were collected from Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang and Shaanxi Province, which were finally planted in Etuokeqianqi in Inner Mongolia. ANOVA, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze phenotypic traits such as seed length, seed width, 1 000-seed weight and leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, leaf shape index, seedling height, ground diameter and biomass, which came from seeds and plants among these different S. alopecuroides sources. The results showed that there were significant differences among 23 geographical sources of S. alopecuroides in every phenotypic trait. The average coefficient of variation(CV)of the seed phenotypic traits was 5.24% and the CV of plant phenotypic traits was 18.34%, which indicates that seeds had higher stabi-lity than plants. At the same time, the phenotypic differentiation coefficient of each phenotypic trait was higher than 70%, which indicates that the phenotypic diversity of S. alopecuroides is mainly derived from phenotypic variation between diffe-rent sources. The mean phenotypic differentiation coefficient of seed phenotypic trait was as high as 97.55% and the seed length and 1 000-seed weight were significantly correlated with the environmental factors such as longitude and altitude, which indicates that the seed phenotypic traits are greatly affected by environmental factors. Correlation analysis showed that the plant traits leaf length(LL)and leaf area(LA)were significantly correlated with seed traits thousand seed weight(TW), seed length(SL)and seed width(SW), which implicated the influence of heritable variation in phenotypic traits. In the end, six sources of S. alopecuroides with larger biomass, higher height, heavier 1 000-seed weight and larger leaf area were picked out through the main components and cluster analysis, which were divided into two categories, and they were DK, JY, WY, WH, ETK and YN. This result will provide certain theoretical support and basic materials for the targeted development, breeding and cultivation of S. alopecuroides germplasm resources.]]> 2019/9/27 16:15:49 *]]> WANG Yuan, YU Wanwen, ZHOU Kai, WANG Guibin, CAO Fuliang^* 14true Cerasus humilis, the growth characteristics and morphology cha-racteristics of C. humilis were studied under the different drought stresses. The main results are as follows:(1)Under drought stress condition, the growth characteristics of C. humilis was significantly affected. With the increase of drought stress, the biomass, leaf biomass, total biomass accumulation, root-to-root ratio and root-to-shoot stress ratio increased first and then decreased, and reached the maximum under T1 treatment, which was significantly higher than those under other treatments.(2)With the decrease of soil water content, the biomass distribution index of C. humilis increased first and then decreased. On the contrary, the biomass distribution index of root and leaf was the smallest under T1 treatment.(3)When the water supply was between 60% and 80%, the plant height, crown width, diameter, secondary branch number, main root length, root diameter and lateral root number of C. humilis were the highest, and there was no significant effect on the growth of primary branches.(4)With the increase of drought stress, leaf length decreased from T2 treatment, leaf width, leaf area and specific leaf area increased first and then decreased. Therefore, the phenotypic plasticity of adjusted the morphological characteristics and the distribution of organ biomass were greater under the diffe-rent drought stresses.]]> 2019/9/27 16:15:49 1,2, XU Jun¹, CHEN Hailing¹, GAO Junliang¹, LIU Yuting¹, JIA Yukui^1*]]> DUAN Na^1,2, XU Jun¹, CHEN Hailing¹, GAO Junliang¹, LIU Yuting¹, JIA Yukui^1* 13true Dactylorhiza hatagirea prefered the damp soil of alpine meadow soils which mainly distributed in the northern, southeas-tern, southern parts Qinghai Province and western part Sichuan Province of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, as well as the wet meadows or swampy meadows, weedy meadows, shoals, and on river banks, covering the area between 94°15'49″-102°46'27″ E, 29°14'15″-36°59'7″ N, with the altitude between 2 960-4 150 m.(2)The climate in the distribution area of D. hatagirea had the average annual wind speed of 2.1 m·s^-1, the annual average temperature of 3.5 ℃, the annual average precipitation of 339.4-680.2 m, and the annual relative average humidity of 58%.(3)There were diverse species of D. hatagirea and symbiotic plants, with different symbiosis in each D. hatagirea in habitats. A total of 58 species of vascular plants were found in the survey site, belonging to 22 families and 45 genera. The dominant species in Community 1 were Ligularia virgaurea and Oxytropis kansuensis; The dominant species in Community 2 was Iris lactea var. chinensis, followed by the plant of sun-tolerate and shade-tolerate species, like Potentilla anserina; The dominant species in Community 3 was Equisetum arvense and Pedicularis longiflora var. tubiformis.(4)Principal component analysis found that the main ecological factors affecting Dactylorhiza hatagirea were soil organic matter, total nitrogen content, total phosphorus content content, rainfall and humidity, with the load coefficient of above 0.9, followed by wind speed, temperature and pH value, the load coefficient of above 0.8. Fragile habitats, low genetic diversity, low wind-borne transmission efficiency, low seed germination rate, weak natural regeneration ability and narrow distribution area were the main causes for the rare and endangered plant. It is proposed to establish the protected area at the herbal habitat, while the research of individual breeding and wild tending should be strengthened to increase the number and growth of individual plants.]]> 2019/9/27 16:15:49 1,2,3, CHEN Weidong^1*, LIN Pengcheng²]]> SUONAN Dengdeng^1,2,3, CHEN Weidong^1*, LIN Pengcheng² 12true Salix oritrepha in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau using the non-coding region of chloroplast DNA fragments.The study will have guiding significance for the protection of ecological environment and animal husbandry of S. oritrepha and species richness in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the future. We designed two useful primers 5'trnG2G-3'trnG(UUC)and 5'rpS12-rpL20. The amplified fragments and their combined fragments were used for subsequent genetic diversity analysis of S. oritrepha. The results showed that we detected 35 haplotypes by the combined sequences, haplotype diversity(Hd)was 0.626, nucleotide diversity(Pi)was 0.000 85. Neutrality tests of Tajima's D(-2.286 70, P<0.01)and Fu's Fs(-5.298 05, P<0.02)showed significantly negative values, which meant that S. oritrepha had expansion recently of its individual numbers. Analysis of molecular variance showed that within-population variance was described as 93.70% of the total variance, while among-population variance was 6.30%, which meant that within-population variance was the main resource of genetic variation of S. oritrepha. The fi-xation index(F_ST)was 0.063 and number of migrants(N_m)was 7.439, which meant that gene flow was very frequent among different geographical populations. An estimation of non-signification N_ST(0.075)was bigger than gene differentiation coefficient G_ST(0.068). UPGMA tree based on genetic distance and haplotypes suggested that all populations were divided into four groups and had no significant correlation with the geographical distribution of the population. The mode of reproduction(sexual or asexual)of S. oritrepha mainly depended on environmental factors. The genetic variability mainly came from within-population and it has a frequently gene flow among populations.]]> 2019/9/27 16:15:49 1,2, YANG Qian¹, WANG Jiuli¹, GAO Qingbo^1,3, ZHANG Faqi¹, CHEN Shilong^1,3*]]> WU Jin^1,2, YANG Qian¹, WANG Jiuli¹, GAO Qingbo^1,3, ZHANG Faqi¹, CHEN Shilong^1,3* 11true Caltha palustris accessions and ten C. scaposa accessions have been cytologically investigated using the traditional chromosome tableting technique and flow cytometry(FCM), in order to investigate the evolution of C. palustris and C. scaposa in Caltha of Ranunculaceae. C. palustris was found to be a polyploid complex, which contained tetraploids(2n=4x=32), hexaploids(2n=6x=48), and octoploids(2n=8x=64), and C. scaposa were tetraploids(2n=4x=32)and octoploids(2n=8x=64). Tetraploids were common in C. palustris and C. scaposa, however, any diploids were hardly discovered. This finding may be explained by cytotype adaptive differences to the underlying heterogeneity of environmental factors. Most accessions of C. palustris and C. scaposa were from extreme habitats, such as the alpine mountains in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Ancestral diploids may have existed in this region during glacial periods and colonized most regions at the end of the glaciation cycles. However, individuals with other ploidy levels may gradually replace diploids, because of their increased fitness in changing environment. Moreover, there were two possible evolutionary colonization routes: one from Gansu to Yunnan, and the other from Tibet to Yunnan of China. Molecular phylogeny have shown that C. scaposa is closely related to C. palustris, the chromosome size of C. scaposa is smaller than that of C. palustris, C. scaposa may be a relatively derived evolutionary taxon. More samples need to be analyzed in the future to better elucidate C. scaposa cytogeography because of only ten accessions.]]> 2019/9/27 16:15:49 1,2,3, ZHOU Ning^1,2,3,4, QIAN Min^1,2,3, ZHANG Chan⁵, YANG Yongping^1,2,3*]]> WANG Guangyan^1,2,3, ZHOU Ning^1,2,3,4, QIAN Min^1,2,3, ZHANG Chan⁵, YANG Yongping^1,2,3* 10true Suaeda salsa, Seriphidium kaschgaricum, Horaninowia ulicina, and Alhagi sparsifolia, among which the biomass, its allocation ratio in response to the edaphic factor, and allometric models were compared. The results were as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the biomass and its allocation ratios among the four plants, with Seriphidium kaschgaricum having the largest above-ground and below-ground biomass, while Horaninowia ulicina the smallest; The R/S(root-shoot ratio)showed Alhagi sparsifolia > Horaninowia ulicina and Seriphidium kaschgaricum > Suaeda salsa(P<0.05).(2)The effect of edaphic factor on R/S analyzed with RDA showed that the interpretability of edaphic factors towards R/S in terms of the four plants were 16.3%, 24.8%, 33.1% and 35.4%, respectively. Among them, the soil total nitrogen had a positive correlation with the R/S of Horaninowia ulicina (P<0.05), and the soil moisture a significantly positive correlation with the R/S of Suaeda salsa(P<0.01).(3)The four plants all had significant correlations with regards to AGB-BGB(P<0.01), where the AGB-BGB of Seriphidium kaschgaricum had a pattern of isometric scaling(α=1), while both Horaninowia ulicina and Alhagi sparsifolia showed an allometric scaling of α=3/4, and Suaeda salsa belonged to the allometric scaling of a non-3/4 power exponent(α<1). All the four plants shared a common allometric scaling index(0.767). The above results indicate that the desert plants in Ebi Lake have functional convergence, and the characteristics of their spatial distribution are species-specific in response to edaphic factors.]]> 2019/9/27 16:15:49 1,3, LÜ Guanghui^2,3*, JIANG Lamei^2,3, TENG Dexiong^2,3, ZHANG Yang^1,3, LI Zhoukang^1,3]]> ZHANG Lei^1,3, LÜ Guanghui^2,3*, JIANG Lamei^2,3, TENG Dexiong^2,3, ZHANG Yang^1,3, LI Zhoukang^1,3 9true Hippophae), we measured the relevant environmental factors and diurnal changes in photosynthetic characteristics of female and male plants of the three Hippophae species in Qilian County of Qinghai Province in July. The results were as follows:(1)The diurnal variation of photosynthesis between female and male plants of the same species was basically consistent, and there are differences in the diurnal variation of photosynthetic characteristics of the threeHippophae species. Diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate(P_n)in H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis showed a significant bimodal curve, with peak values at 10:00 and 14:00, and the highest value was(19.53±5.35)μmol·m^-2·s^-1 when photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)and air temperature(T_a). Although the diurnal changes of P_n in H. goniocarpa and H. neurocarpa ssp. neurocarpa were all nearly bimodal curve, the higher values at 8:00 and 16:00, and the highest values were(13.43±3.43)and(15.27±2.43)μmol·m^-2·s^-1, repectively when PAR and T_a were lower.(2)Water use efficiency(WUE)of the three species of Hippophae was consistent with the change of P_n, but H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis had a higher WUE, which peaked at 10:00 and 14:00, and the highest value was(6.7±0.95)μmol·mmol^-1. The peak values of H. goniocarpa and H. neurocarpa ssp. neurocarpa were 8:00 and 16:00, and the highest values were(4.03±1.08)and(4.93±0.86)μmol·mmol^-1, respectively.(3)The diurnal changes of transpiration rate(T_r), stomatal conductance(G_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration(C_i)and stomatal limiting value(L_s)of the three species of Hippophae were similar. G_s decreased uniformly after 10:00 among them, and there were different degrees of stomatal closure at around 12:00, which was one of the causes of leaf photosynthetic depression in midday. In diurnal changes of photosynthesis, H. rhamnoides ssp. sinensis was significantly different from others, H. goniocarpa showed similar change trend with H. neurocarpa ssp. neurocarpa, and its P_n and WUE may be affected by environmental factors such as T_a, PAR and air relative humidity(RH).]]> 2019/9/27 16:15:49 *]]> ZHAO Yidan, JIA Lingyun, ZHANG Hui, FAN Baoqiang, LIU Benli, SUN Kun^* 8true Scapania (Hepaticae, Scapaniaceae)were reported. Two species(S. carinthiaca J. B. Jack and S. orientalis Steph. ex K. Müller.)are newly recorded in Tibet Autonomous Regionare. In addition to the two species mentioned above, there are nine species including S. apiculata Spruce, S. ciliata Sande Lac., S. curta(Mart.)Dumort., S. glaucocephala(Taylor)Austin, S. nemorea(L.)Grolle, S. nepalensis Nees, S. parvifolia Warnst, S. parvitexta Steph. and S. verrucosa Heeg. are newly recorded in Sygara Mountain of Tibet. The morphological characters and geographical distribution of S. carinthiaca, S. orientalis and S. glaucocephala are described, and the primary morphological characters photos are provided. The results provide new information for Scapania in China and bryoflora of Tibet. The voucher specimens are preserved in the herbarium of China Agricultural University(BAU).]]> 2019/9/27 16:15:49 1,2, SHAO Xiaoming², WANG Qinggang², MA Heping¹, DONG Zhu¹, LI Wei^3*]]> SONG Xiaotong^1,2, SHAO Xiaoming², WANG Qinggang², MA Heping¹, DONG Zhu¹, LI Wei^3* 7true Ceratostylis radiata J. J. Sm. and Bulbophyllum psychoon Rchb. f.(Orchidaceae), are described and illustrated. Ceratostylis radiata has white flower, star-shaped without colored spot, with short stem 2-2.5 cm, lip 3-lobed. Bulbophyllum psychoon is similar to B. levinei, but this species can be easily identified by its petals ovate, apex obtuse. Both of the voucher specimens were deposited in Herbarium of XZ and PE. Both of orchids were original distributed in India, Myanmar and Vitenam. The discovery of the two new record species in Medog, enriches the plant species in Southeast Tibet of China, which indicates that there is a certin relationship between the flora of Medog and the original distribution areas, and also confirms that Medog is a subtropical region with the species of distribution elevation above the orginal distribution range, and delayed flowering period. Discovery of this new record orchid species further highlights the value for biodiversity conservation of Southeast Tibet, China, and calls for more comprehensive exploration on botanical survey, study, and conservation in this region.]]> 2019/9/27 16:15:49 1, WANG Chengwang², LI Jianwu^3*]]> WANG Xilong¹, WANG Chengwang², LI Jianwu^3* 6true Hedysarum laeve in Hulunbuir, Horqin, Hunshandake and Mu Us sandy lands were observed and analyzed by field measurement, paraffin section technology and leaf dissociation technology. The relationship among morphology, structure and ecological factors was also studied. The results were as follows:(1)With drought intensifies, the morphological characteristics of H. laeve leaf were smaller, thicker, lateral lobules longer and wider; stomatal number per unit area decreased, upper and lower epidermal cells became thicker, palisade tissue became more developed, palisade cells arranged closely, diameter of main vascular bundle became larger, and dredging ability was strengthened.(2)H. laeve mesophyll contained a large number of idioblast, which had the functions of drought-resisting and storage, and reflected the long-term adaptation of drought environment.(3)The precipitation in growing season, annual average precipitation and annual average evaporation were the main environmental factors for the formation of H. laeve lobule morphology and regional structure differentiation. This indicates that the response of plants to regional differentiation is not only reflected in the external morphology, but also in the organizational structure, and the hydrothermal conditions are the main factors.]]> 2019/9/27 16:15:49 1,2, ZHAO Xinghua^1,2, ZUO Hejun^1,2*]]> YANG Yang^1,2, ZHAO Xinghua^1,2, ZUO Hejun^1,2* 5true 2019/9/27 16:15:49 1,2,3, MA Youxin^1,2*, BAI Yang^1,2, CAO Hui^1,2,3]]> YANG Jianbo^1,2,3, MA Youxin^1,2*, BAI Yang^1,2, CAO Hui^1,2,3 4true Macrosolen cochinchinensis can not only affect their reproductive fitness, but also affect the animals that depend on them for food resources. To understand the reproductive phenological characteristics and impact factors of this mistletoe species, and also to explore the interaction between host plants and its seed dispersers of this mistletoe, we studied the reproductive phenology of M. cochinchinensis in Xishuangbanna region. We observed the reproductive pheno-logy of M. cochinchinensis and its host species Schima superba at regular intervals, and measured their biological traits and environmental factors like temperature and humidity. Meanwhile, we analyzed the reproductive phenological characteristics of Macrosolen cochinchinensis at individual and population levels, and probe into the effects of its host plants and environmental factors(temperature and humidity etc.)on their reproductive phenology at the same time. The main results were as follows:(1)The flowering phenology of M. cochinchinensis belong to mass flowering patterns. The flowering and fruit duration of the whole population were about 20 d and 72 d respectively. The synchrony index of flowering and fruiting duration was relatively higher. The number of fruits foraged and rate of fruit foraged reached the maximum peak in the middle of June, and then gradua decreased.(2)The first flowering date of M. cochinchinensis and its host species Schima superba was highly correlated, and the flowering and fruiting period of Macrosolen cochinchinensis and Schima superba were mainly overlapped in time scale.(3)Individuals numbers of flowering and fruit mature plants per month of Macrosolen cochinchinensis was not significantly correlated with the average temperature and relative humidity of the same and previous months. In summary, the reproductive phenological characteristics of mistletoe species may be influenced by many factors, and it is essential to consider comprehensively combination of multiple factors such as many biotic and abiotic factors to understand the reproductive phenological characteristics of those hemiparasite mistletoes in the ecosystem.]]> 2019/9/27 16:15:49 1,2, ZHANG Ling^1*]]> LI Manru^1,2, ZHANG Ling^1* 3true Dipterocarpus retusus is a national key protected wild plant. It is the representative species in tropical rainforest of Southeast Asia. Our study aimed to elucidate the community characteristics of D. retusus forest which was not yet studied before. Four community plots(30 m × 30 m)and 20 population plots(10 m × 10 m)were typically sampled in the D. retusus forest distributed in Niuluo River Natural Reserve in Jiangcheng County. The height, DBH(diameter at breast height), numbers and community characteristic of all the spermatophyte species were recorded. We evaluated the distribution types, species diversity and population age structure. The results were as follows:(1)181 spermatophyte species belonging to 143 genera, 76 families were recorded. D. retusus community was dominated by tropical floristic elements, of which 58 families, 126 genera and 162 species all belonged to tropical flora and the ratios were as high as 76.32%, 88.11% and 89.50%, respectively.(2)Species diversity indices varied in different stand layers: Richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity showed shrub layer>tree layer>herb layer, while Simpson index showed opposite trend shrub layer<tree layer<herb layer and Pielou index is similar in different stands.(3)D. retusus is the dominant species in the community with the highest important value of 26.85 in tree layer.(4)The age structure of D. retusus population had a positive pyramidal type, which indicates that the population structure is growing.]]> 2019/9/27 16:15:49 *, YANG Jinchao, SHI Ming]]> XIAO Mingkun, DU Fan^*, YANG Jinchao, SHI Ming 2true Jasminum yuanjiangense is an narrowly distributed endemic species in Yuanjiang River Valley of Yunnan Province. Four sample plots, belongs to two vegetation types including dry-hot shrubs and savanna were typically selected in the distribution area of J. yuanjiangense. The population age structure and survival curves were created and the type of population structure were analysed by Chen Xiaode's Quantification Method, and predicted population dynamics using time sequence model, and compared the population differences between different habitats. The results were as follows:(1)The population of J. yuanjiangense presented as a growing type and tend to stable(V_pi'=0.004 1). The populations had definite fluctuations during their growth dynamics, and the number of individuals in the pre-growth stage was more than that in the late growth stage. The survival curve of population approached to type Deevey-Ⅲ and Deevey-Ⅰ. The seedlings was abundant, but the mortality was high. The growth and development of individuals were limited from young to middle age.(2)The time sequence model predicted that the population of J. yuanjiangense was able to keep stable and the number of individuals would have a light rising tendency in the coming 2, 4 age classes.(3)The population structure of J. yuanjiangense varies greatly among different sites, but it can be roughly divided into two types according to its age structure. Sample plots 1, 2 and 4(Habitat 1)displayed growing type with Deevey-Ⅲ survival curve, Plot 3(Habitat 2)displayed stable type with Deevey-Ⅰ survival curve. The habitat of stable type is more suitable for the growth of J. yuanjiangense than the habitat of growing type.]]> 2019/9/27 16:15:49 *]]> LI Juan, ZOU Lin, LÜ Yamei, XIAO Mingkun, DU Fan^* 1true