Castanopsis forest and Cyclobalanopsis forest etc. Species composition of GNNR EBLFs was representative in subtropical eastern China.(2)Species composition(β diversity)largely differed between EBLFs. Physical environments, instead of geographical distance, was the most influential factor of EBLF species composition. EBLF species composition was the most influenced by the minimum temperature of the coldest month(MTCM).(3)Composition of leaf life forms of 15 typical evergreen broad-leaved forests was the most strongly influenced by the minimum temperature of the coldest month(MTCM), then by the maximum temperature of the coldest month(MTWM). These results indicate that habitat filtering is the main driver of the difference of woody plants species composition among eastern typical EBLFs, and suggest cold temperature is the most important determinant of eastern typical EBLFs communities, would provide guidance for conservation and restoration of EBLFs.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 1, WANG Xuan², JIN Yi¹, YU Jianping³, REN Haibao², QIAN Haiyuan³, CHEN Shengwen³, MA Keping², YU Mingjian^1*]]> ZHANG Tiantian¹, WANG Xuan², JIN Yi¹, YU Jianping³, REN Haibao², QIAN Haiyuan³, CHEN Shengwen³, MA Keping², YU Mingjian^1* 26true Hemerocallis lilioasphodelus is an excellent ornamental plant material, belongs to Hemerocallis of Liliaceae, and it is also a valuable wild germplasm resource for variety innovation. In this paper, the flowering phenology and pollination characteristics of H. lilioasphodelus in the wild environment were observed for 3 consecutive years to understand its flowering process and pollination mechanism. In order to play a practical role in introduction cultivation and variety innovation. The results were as follows:(1)There is only one flowering peak for H. lilioasphodelus population. The initial blooming time of population at the end of May, full flowering stage in the middle of June, the flowering duration of the H. lilioasphodelus population lasted above 30 d and the duration of a single plant was about 6-12 d. The flowering synchrony index in three years were 0.36, 0.27 and 0.21, respectively, there was little cephalocaudal underlapping of single plant flowering time.(2)The flower number was significantly correlated(P<0.05)with the fruit number, the flower number was significantly positive correlation(P<0.01)with the duration of single plant, the duration of single plant was significantly negative correlated(P<0.05)with initial blooming time. It indicates that the more flower number of H. lilioasphodelus lead the higher fruit number.(3)There were totally ten species of insect visitors which visited flowers belonging to four orders and ten families. The flower visiting time and behavior of each insect visitor are different and there are four main pollination insects. The main pollination insect have the large number and wide range of activities. Meanwhile its activity characteristics were matched with the law of the opening of H. lilioasphodelus in the afternoon, which can ensure the pollination effect. The interaction of two types of insect visitors guaranteed the seed set of H. lilioasphodelus.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 *]]> SUN Ying, LIU Song, LI Mengyu, CUI Lanming, MA Cuiqing^* 25true Dysphania ambrosioides, Arundo donax, Robinia pseudoacacacia, Broussonetia papyrifera and Cryptomeria fortunei)planted on the lead-zinc smelting slag which had been ecologically restored for six years in Northwest Guizhou were selected as the objective in this study. The contents of carbon(C), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P)and their stoichiometric characteristics in the organs of these dominant plants(fine root, coarse root, stem, branch and leaf), floor litter and surface waste slag beneath plants(0-10 cm)were studied, and their relationships were also determined. The results were as follows: There were significant differences in C, N and P contents between different plants and different vegetative organs(P<0.05). In the herbaceous plants,, the average content of C was stem > leaf > root > litter, and in the three trees, trunk > branch > fine root > coarse root > leaf > litter, The distributions of N and P in the herbaceous plants were leaf > litter > root > stem, leaf > root > litter > stem, while in the three trees, the distribution of N and P was leaf > fine root > litter > coarse root >branch > trunk. C content in litter of Cryptomeria fortunei was higher than that in all organs of others, but the contents of N and P showed an opposite rule. The highest concent of N was found in Robinia pseudoacacia. The change of C:N and C:P in organs and litter was contrary to the distributions of N and P, indicating that C:N and C:P were mainly affected by the content of N and P. Correlation analysis indicated that N:P of herbaceous plants was affected by N and P. N:P in the three arbor components was mainly controlled by N content, and also affected by P content in branches and leaves. Among the N:P leaves of the five plant leaves, only the N:P of leaves in Robinia pseudoacacia was greater than 16, and the growth in the system was restricted by P, while the growth of the other four plants were mainly restricted by N, indicating that Robinia pseudoacacia is more suitable for the waste residue environment, it was recommended to select legumes as pioneer plants in the restoration of barren waste residue yards to improve the substrate nutrient conditions. The contents of C, N and P in the waste slag were lower than those in organs and litter of the plant. The contents of C, N and P in the surface waste slag of different plants were significantly different(P <0.05). The contents of C, N and P in the residue under herbaceous restoration were lower than those under the three trees. Correlation analysis between N, P and N:P between waste residue and plant-litter showed that the N and P contents in fine roots and litter of plants were more closely related to the N and P contents and stoichiometric ratio in the waste residue.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 1, LUO Youfa¹, LIU Mingfeng¹, WU Xingyu¹, SUN Hang¹, WU Yonggui^1,2,3*]]> ZHOU Jiajia¹, LUO Youfa¹, LIU Mingfeng¹, WU Xingyu¹, SUN Hang¹, WU Yonggui^1,2,3* 24true P<0.05). Among them, soil water content, water holding capacity, plant community richness index and diversity index all increased with altitude, and the SOC content in the high altitude area was significantly higher than that in the middle and low altitude areas(P<0.05). There were significant positive correlations between soil TN content and Pielou index, soil water content and Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and species number(P<0.05). It shows that besides the elevation gradient, soil nutrients and water content are also the key factors affecting the composition and diversity of shrub layer and grass layer in plant communities.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 1,2,3, LIU Ying^1,2,3, LI Songyang^1,2,3, YU Hang^1,2,3, WU Jianzhao^1,2,3, CUI Yu^1,2,3, LIN Yongming^1,2,3*, WANG Daojie⁴, LI Jian^1,2]]> HE Jingwen^1,2,3, LIU Ying^1,2,3, LI Songyang^1,2,3, YU Hang^1,2,3, WU Jianzhao^1,2,3, CUI Yu^1,2,3, LIN Yongming^1,2,3*, WANG Daojie⁴, LI Jian^1,2 23true Schefflera octophylla is the dominant species of coastal forest in Tongguling National Nature Reserve in Wenchang, Hainan, and is also a common associated species of tropical forests in other areas of Hainan. Based on the field investigation of sample plot(2.56 hm²), the dynamic characteristic changes of S. octophylla population were analyzed. In order to reveal the survival status, renewal mechanism and dynamic change characteristics of S. octophylla population in the coastal forest in this region, the age class was divided according to the diameter class method and the static life table, the dynamic index, survival function and time series analysis of the population was compiled to quantitatively analyze the population dynamic changes. The results were as follows:(1)The total number of S. octophylla population in the study area of coastal forest was 2 814, which was divided into 12 age classes according to the diameter class. The age class structure was inverted J-shaped, belonging to the stable population.(2)The survival curve of S. octophylla in this area tended to Deevey-Ⅱ type, and the mortality rate of each diameter class of the population was closed to that of S. octophylla.(3)The quantitative index of the S. octophylla population showed that V_pi=30.685>0, V_pi'=0.236>0, which indicated that the population was in the growth stage and relatively stable, and the number of young individuals in the population was large, which could better supplement the losses caused by natural death of individuals of all ages and form a good survival strategy.(4)According to the time series model, it is predicted that the number of individuals in each age group will increase in the next 3, 6 and 9 years. The results show that the habitat in this area is favorable for the growth of S. octophylla with more young trees, abundant reserve resources and good regeneration state, which is conductive to the natural regeneration of the forest. A good survival strategy is formed, which plays a certain role in promoting the natural renewal of forest, and has great significance in the construction and stability of coastal forest community.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 1, YANG Xiaobo^2*, LI Donghai²,LV Anqi¹]]> WU Lvxin¹, YANG Xiaobo^2*, LI Donghai²,LV Anqi¹ 22true Eucalyptus plantations in low hilly areas at Northern Guangxi were taken as the research object. The effects of forest age on characteristics of soil organic carbon(SOC), total nitrogen(TN), soil labile organic carbon(LOC)and soil carbon management index(CPMI)were measured in this study. The results were as follows:(1)SOC indicated a trend of increasing with the increase of Eucalyptus forest age, and decreased with the increasing of soil depth. The content of soil organic carbon of 1-8 years old Eucalyptus varied from 5.79 to 15.57 g·kg^-1 in the whole soil layer(0-40 cm), the order of SOC contents was 8 a>5 a>3 a>4 a>2 a>1 a.(2)The variation tendencies of soil not labile organic carbon and carbon storage were consistent with the content of SOC. The order of soil labile organic matter contents was 8 a>5 a>4 a>3 a>2 a>1 a, respectively. There were no obvious change characteristics for the proportion of soil labile organic carbon to soil organic carbon with the increase of forest age. There was significant difference between 8 year old forest age and other forest ages.(3)The carbon pool management index increased with the increase of forest age. The soil carbon pool management index and soil carbon component contents of 8 ywars old Eucalyptus had been higher compared with 10 years old Pinus massoniana forest. Moreover, correlation analysis showed that existing extremely significant or significant correlation to soil organic carbon, soil not labile organiccarbon, labile oragnic carbon, carbon storage, carbon pool activity, total nitrogen, bulk density and soil carbon pool management index. There were also differences of carbon pool management index between different forest ages and soil layers. It was concluded that under the condition of local soil fertility, 8 years old Eucalyptus could both increase SOC contents and improve CPMI, favor soil quality amelioration and soil fertility improvement. Therefore, extending Eucalyptus plantations forest harvesting time and decreasing the disturbance to forest litter and understory vegetation would improve soil quality, and it is also important for promoting sustainable development of Eucalyptus plantations.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 1, SHEN Yuyi², XU Guangping^1*, HUANG Yuqing³, ZHANG Zhongfeng¹, ZHANG Denan¹, ZHOU longwu¹, SUN Yingjie¹, HUANG Kechao¹, HE Wen¹]]> TENG Qiumei¹, SHEN Yuyi², XU Guangping^1*, HUANG Yuqing³, ZHANG Zhongfeng¹, ZHANG Denan¹, ZHOU longwu¹, SUN Yingjie¹, HUANG Kechao¹, HE Wen¹ 21true Gastrodia uraiensis T. C. Hsu & C. M. Kuo of Orchidaceae was found in Qichong National Nature Reserve of Guangxi as a newly recorded species from Mainland, China. G. uraiensis T. C. Hsu & C. M. Kuo is similar to G. fontinalis T. P. Lin in morphology, but it is easily distinguished from the latter by its inflorescence shorter, perianth tube shorter, lip with four ridges elevated from central portion of the disc, ridges united into two higher ridges toward apex. Detailed morphological description and color photos of the newly recorded species are provided, and biogeographic significance of the discovery is discussed.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 1, LI Fuwen², QIU Shaojun², HUANG Yuzhao², LIU Yan^1*]]> QIN Ying¹, LI Fuwen², QIU Shaojun², HUANG Yuzhao², LIU Yan^1* 20true Trigonotis formosana, Salvia nipponica subsp. zhejiangensis, Gentiana zollingeri, Polyspora axillaris and Piptatherum kuoi are all newly recorded species in Fujian Province. Polyspora and Piptatherum are newly recorded genera in Fujian Province. The discovery of these newly recorded plants enriches the original plant resources of Fujian Province, and provides new information for floristic research.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 CHEN Xinyan 19true Pinus massoniana forests, we selected four forest types of stand ages(young stand, half-mature stand, mature stand, and over-mature stand)and four forest types of stand densities(low density, middle-low density, middle-high density, and jigh density)as the research objects(total eight stands)in Zhenlong Forest Farm of Hengxian County, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and we measured litter carbon(C), nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)contents and their ratios in the early and latter degradation periods of litter. The results were as follows:(1)C contents in early degradation period of litter were relatively higher in mature and over-mature stands, N contents were relatively higher in over-mature and half-mature stands, but P contents and N:P ratios were not different among four stands, C:N and C:P ratios increased from young stand to nature stand. It indicated that the growth rates were relatively faster in young stand and half-mature stand, resulting in Pinus massoniana needing large amounts of N and P in the two stands.(2)In early degradation period of litter, C contents increased but P contents decreased with the increasing of stand densities, N contents were not different among four densities of stands. C:P and N:P ratios were relatively higher in middle-high and high density stands, resulting in Pinus massoniana needing large amounts of N and P and higher P reabsorption in these stands.(3)C contents and C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios in latter degradation periods of litter were lower than those in early degradation period of litter, but N and P contents were adverse. It indicated that N and P were enriched to litters along the advancing degradation periods.(4)The difference of C contents between the early and the latter degradation periods of litter was relatively higher in half-mature, middle-high, and high density stands, but C:N and C:P ratios were relatively lower, indicating that the degradation rates of litters C were relatively higher in these stands. The above results suggested that Pinus massoniana may need large amounts of N and P in half-mature, middle-high and high densities of stands, resulting in high nutrient resorption efficiency; additionally, there were high potential degradation rates of litter carbon, which was beneficial to return litter C to soils in these forest stands.]]> 2020/3/13 15:53:12 1, LIANG Yueming^2*, MA Jiangming³, YANG Zhangqi⁴, LING Tianwang⁵, LI Mingjin⁵, LU Shaohao⁵, ZHONG Fengyue⁵]]> PAN Fujing ¹, LIANG Yueming^2*, MA Jiangming³, YANG Zhangqi⁴, LING Tianwang⁵, LI Mingjin⁵, LU Shaohao⁵, ZHONG Fengyue⁵ 18true Pinus taiwanensis forest is distributed in an altitude of 800 m above to the peak area widely, which plays an important role in the actual vegetation of Lushan Mountain. In order to understand the population renewal and succession of P. taiwanensis better, the population structure and numeric dynamics of P. taiwanensis were analyzed, through the investigation of the population of the P. taiwanensis in Lushan Mountain, by using the analysis method of “Space Generation Time” to comply the static life-table of the population of the P. taiwanensis and replacing the age structure to the population diameter level structure, which was combined the dynamic index of population structure and time-sequence model. The results were as follows:(1)The structure of the population of P. taiwanensis in Lushan Mountain was spindle-shaped. The number of middle-aged individuals was larger than that of saplings and old individuals, it was in a relatively stable stage at present.(2)The analysis of life-table and functional value curves showed the population had one peak of mortality in age Class 8 and the life expectancy was the highest in age Class 2. The survival curve of the population belonged to Deevey-Ⅰ type.(3)Time-sequence models for P. taiwanensis population predicted that the number of old individuals would increase, the seedlings and saplings would constantly decline; the age structure was stable at present, but the species showed declining trends. We suggest that we should take some appropriate artificial measures for ensuring continuous and steady growth of P. taiwanensis populations, and replant some suitable species of broad-leaved trees to enrich the diversity of tree species and community structure in the process of operation and management of this area.]]> 2020/3/13 15:53:12 1, PENG Yansong^1*, ZHAN Xuanhuai¹, ZHANG Li¹, LIANG Tongjun¹, LIU Xiangping¹, PAN Fuxing²]]> ZHOU Saixia¹, PENG Yansong^1*, ZHAN Xuanhuai¹, ZHANG Li¹, LIANG Tongjun¹, LIU Xiangping¹, PAN Fuxing² 17true 2 dynamic monitoring plot of a natural mixed needle- and broad-leaved forest community in Shennongjia National Park, variance ratio(VR),χ²test, and association coefficient(AC)were used to determine the interspecific association of dominant species of tree, shrub and herb in the community. The results were as follows:(1)According to the χ² test, the positive-negative correlation ratios of the dominant species of tree, shrub and herb layers were 0.70, 0.61 and 1.14, respectively. VR measured the overall association of each layer had a significantly positive correlation, the community was succeeding in a stable direction.(2)From AC, there were 32.05% negative association pairs in the tree layer, the coniferous and broad-leaved dominant species had a highly competition, and the positive correlation existed only between broad-leaved species. The shrub layer and the herb layer had 48.89% and 34.17% negative correlation pairs, respectively. It was due to the competition of limited resources by species with similar ecological cha-racteristics. There were 65.38%, 35.56%, and 44.17% unrelated species pairs in the arbor, shrub, and herb layers, respectively. It may be that the species occupied a suitable niche and the dependence between species was reduced. It showed that a few pairs tended to the same habitat and species had a positive correlation. Due to the excessive overlap of niches, resource competition made a large number of pairs perform negatively. And more dominant species had weak connection due to occupying the appropriate niche.]]> 2020/3/13 15:53:12 1,2, ZHAO Changming¹, SHU Huawei³, GE Jielin¹, ZHAO Benyuan⁴, YANG Linsen^4,5, JIANG Zhiguo^4,5, CHEN Fangqing², XIE Zongqiang^1,2*]]> ZHOU Qiujing^1,2, ZHAO Changming¹, SHU Huawei³, GE Jielin¹, ZHAO Benyuan⁴, YANG Linsen^4,5, JIANG Zhiguo^4,5, CHEN Fangqing², XIE Zongqiang^1,2* 16true 2020/3/13 15:53:12 1,2,3, WU Xuexue¹, FU Lianzhong¹, LIU Yingying⁴, LIU Mei¹, YU Shengxiang^1,5*]]> XIA Changying^1,2,3, WU Xuexue¹, FU Lianzhong¹, LIU Yingying⁴, LIU Mei¹, YU Shengxiang^1,5* 15true Murraya kwangsiensis (C. C. Huang)C. C. Huang var. macrophylla C. C. Huang and M. kwangsiensis(C. C. Huang)C. C. Huang var. kwangsiensis(Rutaceae, Murraya)as well as its taxonomic status, several species of Murraya were studied on taxonomy, by the comprehensive research means, such as literature access, specimen identification, field surveys, cultivation observations and microanatomy experiments. The results indicate that M. kwangsiensis var. macrophylla is obviously different from M. kwangsiensis var. kwangsiensis on many morphological characteristics, such as leaves, flowers and fruits, therefore, this taxon should be an independent species, and a new combination and rank Murraya macrophylla (C. C. Huang)F. J. Mou is proposed here; the morphological characteristics and the distribution of M. macrophylla are first described comprehensively; the pinnate leaves and leaflets of this species are the biggest in the genus Murraya, and it is more close to M. glabra (Guillaumin)Swingle endemic to Vietnam; many morphological characteristics, such as the largest leaflets, veins adaxially sunken and wrinkled leaflets, all make this species obviously different from other Murraya species. The taxon M. macrophylla is a independent species rather than a variety of M. kwangsiensis, and this new opinion about the systematic status of M. macrophylla is helpful to reconstruct the phylogenic relationship of the genus Murraya and to probe into the systematic relationship among species.]]> 2020/3/13 15:53:12 1, HU Xiu², MA Shizhu³, LI Yiguo^4,5*]]> MOU Fengjuan¹, HU Xiu², MA Shizhu³, LI Yiguo^4,5* 14true Schizotrema Mangold & Lumbsch is reported as new to China, with the species Schizotrema guadeloupense(Hale)Mangold & Lumbsch. Among Graphidaceae, the genus is characterized by its ascomata with concentrically layered margins composed of carbonized excipular remnants of older hymenia; the proper exciple is fused to indistinctly free, periphysoids are usually present, and the ascospores are transversely septate to muriform. The species S. guadeloupense is also new to Asia. In addition, notes of other five species in the genus are also given, with ecology and distribution, and world-wide key to species of Schizotrema is described in the present paper. All these results provide basic data information for the taxonomy of the family Graphidaceae.]]> 2020/3/13 15:53:12 1*, Robert LÜCKING²]]> JIA Zefeng^1*, Robert LÜCKING² 13true Vanda bicolor Griff. of Orchidaceae found in Motuo County, Tibet of China, is reported as a newly recorded species from China. V. bicolor Griff. is similar to V. brunnea Rchb. f. in morphology, but it is easily distinguished from the latter by its pink or yellowish-green unstriped mid-lobe of lip, apex narrowly emarginate. Detailed morphological description and color plates of the newly recorded species are also provided. This study provides a basis for Orchidaceae plants research, and has certain significance to enrich its species diversity.]]> 2020/3/13 15:53:12 *]]> DENG Jieling, HUANG Changyan, CUI Xueqiang, ZHANG Zibin^* 12true Thylacospermum Fenzl, Thylacospermum caespitosum(Camb.)Schischk, Silene rubricalyx(Marq.)Bocquet, Solms-laubachia angustifolia J. P. Yue, Al-Shehbaz & H. Sun, Oxygraphis endlicheri(Walp.)Bennet & S. Chandra, Leontopodium haastioides(Hand.-Mazz.)Hand.-Mazz. These new records enrich the floristic information for the alpine subnival belt in Northwest Yunnan, and prove that there are still deficiencies in the investigation of plant diversity in the alpine subnival belt. It is urgent to thoroughly carry out and improve investigation work in the alpine subnival belt of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, especially in the under-investigated and blank areas.]]> 2021/1/7 9:45:02 1, CHEN Guangfu^2*]]> XU Bo¹, CHEN Guangfu^2* 11true Caloplaca indica and Ramboldia haematites were found for the first time in China, through study lichen specimens collected from Wuliang Mountain, Jingdong Yi Autonomous County, Yunnan, and R. haematites was also found in Fujian and Guangxi. A detailed description of the morphology, anatomy and chemistry and microstructure photos of these species are given in this paper. This study enriched the species diversity of lichens in Yunnan, Fujian and Guangxi, and provided basic and reliable data for the taxonomic study of lichens in Caloplaca and Ramboldia. The specimens examined are deposited in the Herbarium of Shandong Normal Univesity(SDNU).]]> 2021/1/7 9:45:02 *]]> WANG Chunxiao, SUN Meijie, ZHAO Zuntian^* 10true Pedicularis species on host(Polypogon monspeliensis)growth and biomass allocation to each side of the split roots. The results were as follows:(1)Nitrogen levels and parasitism by Pedicularis species had significant effects on host biomass and root allocation patterns. Significant interaction effects were detected between nitrogen levels and parasitism, with nitrogen levels contributing more to the observed variances.(2)P. tricolor and P. rex showed different effects on host biomass. P. tricolor reduced host shoot biomass by 37.1% and 51.5%, and root biomass by 35.6% and 63.6%, respectively, when supplied with NPK and 2NPK solutions. However, P. rex significantly increased host shoot biomass by 29.9% and root biomass by 61.2% in NPK treatment and had little effect in 2NPK treatments.(3)Polypogon monspeliensis roots had obvious perception of nitrogen heterogeneity and parasitism by the root hemiparasites, as shown by foraging behavior for nitrogen and a tendency to avoid Pedicularis roots in treatments with equally low N levels.]]> 2021/1/7 9:45:02 1,2, SUI Xiaolin1, ZHANG Ting1,2, LI Yanmei1,2, LI Airong1*]]> TIAN Yuqing1,2, SUI Xiaolin1, ZHANG Ting1,2, LI Yanmei1,2, LI Airong1* 9true Gentiana szechenyii, G. algida, G. veitchiorum, G. sino-ornata, G. stipitata, used ecological survey methods to conduct field surveys to analyze the distribution characteristics and habitat characteristics of each species, and applied the MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software to predict potential distribution areas. The results were as follows:(1)The growth of the five mainstream varieties of “Bangjian” required good soil fertility conditions. G. szechenyii and G. stipitata were only distributed in low grasses meadow or meadow shrubs, and the other varieties had a wide range of ecology because of the large elongation of the stem.(2)Altitude was the limiting factor that affected the distribution of the five mainstream varieties of “Bangjian”, and the contribution rates to the habitat suitability of G. szechenyii, G. algida, G. veitchiorum, G. sino-ornata, G. stipitata were 56.5%, 39.6%, 49.4%, 48.1%, 44.2%, respectively. G. algida was mainly distributed in the area with an altitude of more than 1 500 m, while the other were mainly distributed in the area with an altitude of more than 2 600 m.(3)The five mainstream varieties mainly concentrated in Sichuan, Qinghai, Yunnan, Gansu and Tibet, but the distribution areas and spatial patterns of different species were different in each province(region). The optimal distribution area of G. szechenyii and G. algida was similar, concentrated at the junction of Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai and Tibet, and the latter also had the most suitable distribution area in Xinjiang; The most suitable areas for G. veitchiorum were located in central Sichuan, northern Sichuan bordering Qinghai and Gansu, southwestern Sichuan bordering Yunnan, and eastern Tibet; G. sino-ornata was similar to G. stipitata, whose most suitable area was mainly located at the junction of Sichuan, Qinghai, and Gansu. Both of them were narrower than that of G. veitchiorum. It should be noted that G. szechenyii and G. algida were aggregated populations of plaque distribution. The ecological suitability distribution result of each species were basically consistent with the actual investigation results, which provides a basis for the protection of wild resources and artificial cultivation of related plants.]]> 2021/1/7 9:45:02 1, DING Rong¹, FU Lin¹, GU Rui², DENG Wei^2*, SUN Hongbing³]]> TANG Yi¹, DING Rong¹, FU Lin¹, GU Rui², DENG Wei^2*, SUN Hongbing³ 8true α-, β-, and γ-diversity)were calculated to explore the patterns of species diversity at different altitude gradients and their relationships with environmental factors. The results were as follows:(1)Unimodal patterns of variation for α-diversity(calculated using the Simpson, Shannon-Wiener and Pielou indexes)that corresponded to increasing altitudes, with the highest species diversity occurring at the mid-altitude gradient; The results calculated for β-diversity using different indexes revealed the highest value for the Cody index and the lowest value for the Bray-Curtis index at altitudes between 1 900 and 2 000 m, indicating that areas located between 1 900 and 2 000 m form a transition zone in which the herbaceous community undergoes a rapid process of species renewal and changes in its composition; The results for γ-diversity indicated a pattern of unimodal variation in relation to altitude.(2)Changes in altitude gradient had highly significant impacts on changes in temperature and humidity(P<0.01); Various environmental factors, notably altitude, humidity, and temperature had a combined effects on changes in the values of the α-diversity indexes, with altitude being the main influencing factor(P<0.05), and changes in temperature and humidity had no significant effects on species diversity(P>0.05). Therefore, species diversity within the herbaceous community in the Lüliang Mountains predominantly showed a “mid-altitude bulge” pattern, with altitude being the main factor affecting changes in species diversity. The finding of this study can contribute to refining and expanding studies of herbaceous communities in this region and provide inputs for advancing the systematic conservation and management of herbaceous resources.]]> 2021/1/7 9:45:02 *]]> ZHANG Shixiong, QIN Ruimin, YANG Xiaoyan, WEN Jing, XU Manhou^* 7true Castanopsis kawakamii natural forest gaps and its spatial distribution. It can help us to predict C. kawakamii forest population dynamics and its succession. In this paper, the orthoimage of C. kawakamii natural forest was obtained by using unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)and field investigation. Then we extracted the characteristics factors for forest gaps and calculated the vegetation coverage to explore the forest gap spatial distribution and its influence factors. The results were as follows:(1)The vegetation coverage of the C. kawakamii natural forest was 75.53% in this reserve. However, there existed a certain area of bare land in the reserve.(2)The gap ratio and density of forest gaps were 2.40% and 6.50 ind·hm^-2.(3)The number of forest gaps had a negative exponential distribution with the increase of gap area. This forest dominated by tiny, small and medium gaps, and few gaps with area above 100 m².(4)Forest canopy coverage was good in the low elevation, and the number and average area was relative more in the middle elevation, while high elevation had higher gap density and gap ratio. Forest gaps mainly distributed on the gentle and incline slope, and their average areas, densities, and ratios were relatively high. There were many forest gaps in western and southern directions, and the gap densities and ratios were relatively large in northern, northwestern and southeastern directions. The vegetation coverage of C. kawakamii natural forest was relatively high, and dominated by tiny, small and medium area of forest gaps. Topographic factors drive the quantitative and spatial distribution of forest gaps by changing the gap area, density and ratio of C. kawakamii natural forest. The study provides a theoretical basis for the application of UAV in forest gaps.]]> 2021/1/7 9:45:02 1,2, HE Zhongsheng^1,2*, LUO Lijie^1,2, LIU Jinfu^1,2, SHI Youwen³, SHEN Caixia³]]> LU Yaoshun^1,2, HE Zhongsheng^1,2*, LUO Lijie^1,2, LIU Jinfu^1,2, SHI Youwen³, SHEN Caixia³ 6true Eucalyptus, using the space-time intergenerational method, we studied the variations characteristics of soil microbes and enzyme activities from four soil depths(0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm)of different forest ages of Eucalyptus plantations(1, 2, 3, 4, 5 a)at the hilly areas in North Guangxi. The results were as follows:(1)In the soil layers, soil microbial and enzyme activities had obvious vertical distribution characteristics. Both microbial contents and enzyme activities decreased with the deepening of the soil layer, with significant differences among the soil layers.(2)The order of bacteria and actinomycetes contents were autumn > summer > spring > winter, the variation tendency of fungi was spring > summer > autumn > winter, and the enzyme activity changed with season differently, which was higher in summer and autumn, and lower in spring and winter.(3)The soil bacteria, fungi, urease and catalase in the Eucalyptus plantations showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing with the increase of forest ages, and actinomycetes decreased, increased and then decreased. The activities of invertase and acid phosphatase all increased with the increase of forest ages.(4)There was the significant correlation between the soil microbes and the soil enzymes, indicating that the interaction between soil microbes and soil enzymes had a close relationship, both of which affected the quality of the soil. The seasonal changes of soil microbes and enzyme activities were different in soil layers, which was the lowest in the winter and was mainly related to temperature, water condition and nutrient return of litter and so on. The interactions between different seasons, soil layers and forest ages had significant effects on soil microbes and enzyme activities.]]> 2021/1/7 9:45:02 1,2,5, HE Chengxin^2,5, SHEN Yuyi³, TENG Qiumei², XU Guangping^2,5*, LUO Yajin⁴, ZHOU Longwu², GU Daxing², HE Wen², HUANG Kechao²]]> DUAN Chunyan^1,2,5, HE Chengxin^2,5, SHEN Yuyi³, TENG Qiumei², XU Guangping^2,5*, LUO Yajin⁴, ZHOU Longwu², GU Daxing², HE Wen², HUANG Kechao² 5true Ilex with better fire resistance, to understand the characteristics of foliage burning process, and to optimize the evaluation methods of fire resistant potential for landscape tree species, fresh and dry leaves of Ilex &#215; koehneana, Ilex ‘Nellie R. Stevens', I. dabieshanensis, I. cornuta ‘Burfordii' and I. dipyrena were tested in burning experiments with Pittosporum tobira and Photinia serrulata as the reference tree species. Fifteen parameters, such as water content of leaves, heat release rate of fresh and dry leaves, ignition time of fresh and dry leaves and so on, were measured by cone calorimeter. Fire resistance potential for fresh or dry leaves were ranked by factor analysis. Fresh leaves reflect the fire resistance of normal live plants, and dry leaves reflect the fire resistance of plant's litter. The results were as follows:(1)Among the 15 parameters tested, the fire performance factor index of fresh leaves showed significant differences at P<0.05 level and the other parameters had extremely significant differences at P<0.01 level.(2)The fire resistance rank of fresh leaves from strong to weak were I. cornuta ‘Burfordii', Ilex ‘Nellie R. Stevens', I. dabieshanensis, Photinia serrulata, Pittosporum tobira, I. dipyrena and Ilex &#215; koehneana and the dry leaves Ilex ‘Nellie R. Stevens', I. dabieshanensis, I. cornuta ‘Burfordii', Pittosporum tobira, I. dipyrena, Ilex &#215; koehneana and Photinia serrulata.(3)In conclusion, Ilex cornuta ‘Burfordii', Ilex ‘Nellie R. Stevens' and I. dabieshanens had better fire resistance than those of Photinia serrulata, Pittosporum tobira and other Ilex cultivated varieties.]]> 2021/6/4 11:38:28 1, HAO Mingzhuo^1,2,4*, HOU Zhaobin³, YU Fangyuan¹, LIANG Youwang¹, ZOU Yiping⁴, ZHANG Yu¹]]> YANG Ding¹, HAO Mingzhuo^1,2,4*, HOU Zhaobin³, YU Fangyuan¹, LIANG Youwang¹, ZOU Yiping⁴, ZHANG Yu¹ 4true Tithonia diversifolia, an alien plant invading in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Yunnan, has quickly dispersed in recent years. In order to evaluate the risk of its invasion in different geographical environments, we investigated the invasion situation of T. diversifolia in Yunnan Province, and collected the distribution samples in the world. Using this species' distribution coordinates and 12 main environmental variables, we analyzed the suitability of T. diversifolia to different environments and the dominating environmental factors by MaxEnt model. The results were as follows: Yunnan had not high-suitability area in the worldwide pattern of T. diversifolia's distribution, meanwhile sub-, medium-, low-, un-suitability area accounted for 3.58%, 32.90%, 42.80% and 20.72% of the provincial area, respectively; Medium-suitability area was the main risk region, which widely interspersed in the south of 26° N in Yunnan; Field investigation showed T. diversifolia mainly distributed at the altitude of 1 000-1 500 m and its upper altitudinal limit was 2 200 m, while the model predicted that the altitude region below 2 000 m was suitable, especially between 500-2 000 m; The most important environmental factors affecting distribution of T. diversifolia were annual precipitation, human footprint, annual average temperature and altitude. In conclusion, although T. diversifolia has reached sporadically its suitable geographical limiting boundary at present, the invaded area is far less than the potential suitable area. It is necessary to keep monitoring T. diversifolia's dispersal dynamic in the future, so that hazard caused by T. diversifolia could be controlled in time.]]> 2021/6/4 11:38:28 1,2, WANG Sihai^1,2*, ZHU Feng³, YUAN Chunming ^1,2]]> CHEN Jian^1,2, WANG Sihai^1,2*, ZHU Feng³, YUAN Chunming ^1,2 3true Polygonatum sibiricum as materials, the ITS region of fungi form rhizosphere, rhizome and root was sequenced by Illumina MiSeq to analyze the diversity and community composition, and FUNGuild was used to analyze the ecological function categories of endophytes fungi in rhizome. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 1 023 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were obtained from all samples of P. sibiricum. The numbers of OTU from rhizosphere, rhizome and root fungi were 703, 128 and 141, respectively. The composition of fungal community in three samples was significantly different, and there was specific fungi Chytridiomycota in root.(2)There was 41 OTU in common of three samples, and Ascomycota accounted for the highest proportion(58.15%).(3)In ecological functional, endophytic fungi of rhizome in P. sibiricum contained six functions groups, undefined saprotroph, mycoparasites, plant pathogen, animal pathogen, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, lichenized fungi, and 37 undefined species(34.91%)had no reference information in the FUNGuild database. It is suggested that the dominant endophytic fungi like Setophoma and Neocosmospora in rhizome may be important microbial communities affecting the biosynthesis of the active products, which provides data reference for the exploration of medicinal functional microorganisms in P. sibiricum.]]> 2021/6/4 11:38:28 1,2, WANG Ruofan¹, DU Yanqiu¹, LIU Yan¹, HUANG Qingyang^3*]]> FANG Ruifeng^1,2, WANG Ruofan¹, DU Yanqiu¹, LIU Yan¹, HUANG Qingyang^3* 2true Heppia despreauxii and Lichinella myriospora, were discovered during a taxonomical study of the macrolichens from Shandong Province. Heppia despreauxii, belonging to the genus Heppia, grows on well-lit bare soil in open situations, and is characterized by its absence of lower cortex and hymenium IKI+ blue; Lichinella myriospora, belonging to the genus Lichinella, occurs on calcareous rock in arid sites, and is characterized by its hymenium IKI+ wine-red turning blue. Descriptions in detail, comments with similar species, and morphological photographs of these two species are provided. The materials of Heppia solorinoides, reported from China by other lichenologists, lack apothecia, and the morphological and anatomical characters of its apothecia are described according to the materials collected and examined by us. Both genera Heppia and Lichinella are reported for the first time from Shandong Province. All these results provide basic data information for the taxonomy of the family Lichinaceae.]]> 2021/6/4 11:38:28 1, REN Qiang^2*]]> LIU Lin¹, REN Qiang^2* 1true