Solanum lycopersicum ‘strawberry tomato' plants infected with TSWV of different disease severities were used as experimental materials. We analyzed lesions of chloroplast ultrastructure, and plastid pigment substance content and evaluated the correlation of these parameters on purple-veined tomato leaves. The results were as follows:(1)The degree of deformity of the chloroplast structure in TSWV-infected tomato purple-veined leaves increased gradually, the number and volume of plastoglobules increased, the number of grana decreased, and the contents of chlorophyll a and b, and total chlorophyll also decreased.(2)The total chlorophyll content was negatively correlated with the number of plastoglobules and positively correlated with the number of grana.(3)The expression levels of genes encoding enzymes related to the carotenoid synthesis pathway(ZEP, PDS, and LCYE, etc.)and the pigment transcription regulatory factors AP2a, MYB12 and PIF1a were significantly decreased.(4)The expression of N gene copy caused changes in the chloroplast ultrastructure and pigment synthesis anabolism in TSWV-infected tomato leaves, consequently, it led to the appearance of purple veins on the leaves. Above results provide a foundation for further research on the mechanism of color symptom formation after TSWV infects host plants. This study is the first to reveal the relationship between chloroplast ultrastructural changes and pigment substances in tomato purple-veined leaves caused by TSWV infection, regulatory factors involved in pigment metabolism may be new targets of TSWV pathogenesis, providing a new direction for the development of TSWV-resistant tomato cultivation through targeted gene editing.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1, WU Kuo¹, WANG Tiantian¹, YANG Changkai², YANG Yukui², ZHANG Zhongkai^1*]]> LI Yu¹, WU Kuo¹, WANG Tiantian¹, YANG Changkai², YANG Yukui², ZHANG Zhongkai^1* 15true Tripterygium hypoglaucum, the ethyl acetate extract of T. hypoglaucum was purified by various chromatographic separation methods such as silica gel, MCI, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The structures of the isolated compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy and mass spectrometry(MS). Cytotoxicities of the compounds were performed on human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y, human pancreatic cancer cells SW1990, and mouse breast cancer cells 4T1 using CCK-8 assay. The results were as follows:(1)Ten abietane diterpenoids were isolated from T. hypoglaucum and were identified as triptophenolide(1), isoneotriptophenolide(2), triptobenzene I(3), triptotin A(4), triptotin B(5), triptobenzene N(6), triptobenzene M(7), wilforol F(8), triptobenzene A(9), and quinone 21(10). Compounds 4, 5, 6 and 7 were isolated from T. hypoglaucum for the first time.(2)Compound 1 showed cytotoxicity against the SH-SY5Y cells with the IC₅₀ value of(1.10±0.03)μmol·L^-1. Compounds 1, 7 and 8 showed cytotoxicities on SW1990 cells with the IC₅₀ values of(0.47±0.02),(9.26±1.39)and(4.81±0.77)μmol·L^-1, respectively. Compounds 7, 8 and 9 showed cytotoxicities against the 4T1 cells with the IC₅₀ values of(3.98±0.73),(0.79±0.05), and(2.12±0.08)μmol·L^-1. The results of this study enrich the chemical constituents of T. hypoglaucum and provide a basis for the development of anti-tumor activity.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1, LIN Zhiqi¹, WANG Ji¹, HU Weiyan², ZHANG Rongping¹, TANG Ran³, CHEN Xinglong^1*]]> ZHOU Tang¹, LIN Zhiqi¹, WANG Ji¹, HU Weiyan², ZHANG Rongping¹, TANG Ran³, CHEN Xinglong^1* 14true Millettia pachycarpa and their inhibitory activity on MDA-MB-231 cells, the extract of M. pachycarpa was isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. The structures of the compounds were identified according to the physicochemical properties and spectral data. The inhibitory activities of the compounds on MDA-MB-231 cells were tested by MTT assay. The results were as follows:(1)Twenty-two compounds were identified from M. pachycarpa as mtricrin(1), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycetophenone(2), 6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumrin(3), globuxanthone(4), p-methoxybenzoic acid(5), oxophoeine(6), isoshonnin(7), schizndriside(8), nudiposide(9), rtemetin(10), hentricontnol(11), clliphyllin(12), corymoside(13), norrchycourmrin(14), 2, 5-dihydroxyacetophenone(15), 2, 4-dihydroxyacetophenone(16), mkoline(17), 5, 6, 7-trimethoxycoumarin(18), 5, 7, 4' -trihydroxy-3', 5' -dimethoxyflavonone(19), 4', 5-dihydroxy-3, 3', 7-trimethoxyflavonone(20), 5, 4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavonone(21), 3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-6, 8-dimethyl flavone(22). All the compounds were identified from M. pachycarpa for the first time.(2)Compounds 6 and 11 showed good inhibitory activities on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells. The IC₅₀ value of Compound 6 was 5.71 μmol·L^-1, which was similar to that of 5-fluorouracil(IC₅₀ value was 5.53 μmol·L^-1). The results of this study reveal the chemical constituents of M. pachycarpa, and provide a scientific foundation for further research on inhibiting the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1, MIAO Yingying¹, XU Qiuyue^2*]]> ZHANG Qian¹, MIAO Yingying¹, XU Qiuyue^2* 13true Castanopsis mekongensis is mainly distributed in southern and southwestern Yunnan, China, growing in mountainous areas below an altitude of about 2 000 m. This plant is also widely distributed in Laos. According to folk records, C. mekongensis has medicinal effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, nourishing the stomach and strengthening the spleen. In order to explore the chemical constituents of C. mekongensis leaves and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, various modern chromatographic separation techniques were used to separate and purify 70% methanol extract from leaves of C. mekongensis. The structures of all compounds were determined by comprehensive analysis methods, including mass spectrometry(MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR), and literature comparison. At the same time, the compounds were screened by testing for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity using the pNPG method. The results were as follows:(1)Seventeen compounds were isolated from the leaves of C. mekongensis, which were identified as mekongensis A(1), gallic acid(2), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(3), syringate(4), protocatechuic acid methyl ester(5), methyl gallate(6), ellagic acid(7), gentisic acid 5-O-β-D-xyloside(8), 3-O-gallic acid(9), 2,3-O-(S)-hexahydroxydiphenyl-β-D-glucopyranose(10), casuariin(11), 5-degalloylstarchyurin(12), rutin(13), kaempferol 3-O-rutoside(14), quercetin-3-O-(6″-O-galloyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(15), quercetin-3-O-(6″-O-galloyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside(16), and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3'→O-3″)quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside(17). Compound 1 is a new compound, and all compounds were isolated for the first time from C. mekongensis. (2)Pharmacological experimental results showed that compounds 3, 9-12, 14, 17 had strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ values of(0.36±0.053)mmol·L^-1,(0.03±0.398)mmol·L^-1,(0.24±0.035)mmol·L^-1,(0.41±0.283)mmol·L^-1,(0.18±0.154)mmol·L^-1,(0.15±0.296)mmol·L^-1 and(0.22±0.095)mmol·L^-1 [acarbose as the positive control, with IC₅₀ value of(0.91±0.226)mmol·L^-1]. Compounds 3, 9-12, 14, 17 are considered potential candidates for developing new antidiabetic drugs based on their performance in biological activity assays. The research results have enriched the chemical constituents of C. mekongensis, further clarified its hypoglycemic active ingredients, and provided a theoretical foundation for further development of hypoglycemic related products.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1,2, LI Haiyun¹, WANG Yafeng², YANG Bingyuan², LI Guiqin², HE Ruijie², HUANG Yonglin^2*]]> DAN Jinlong^1,2, LI Haiyun¹, WANG Yafeng², YANG Bingyuan², LI Guiqin², HE Ruijie², HUANG Yonglin^2* 12true Cinnamomum migao and their biological activities, the ethanol extract from the fruits of C. migao was isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, reversed phase column chromatography, semi-preparative HPLC and other column chromatography technologies. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties, comprehensive spectral data combined with relevant literatures. Some compounds have been tested for their neuroprotective effects and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The results were as follows:(1)Twenty-nine sesquiterpenoids were isolated from the fruits of C. migao, which were identified as dehydrocarissone(1), elemol(2), eremophil-6-en-11-ol(3), 11-hydroxy-1-oxo-4α,5α,7β,10β-eremophilane(4), 1β-hydroxy-4(15), 5E,10(14)-germacratriene(5),(1R,5S,6R,10R)-4-methylene-10-methyl-6-(2-methylprop-1-en-1-yl)octahydro-1H-inden-1-ol(6), 1β-acetoxy-4-eudesmen-11-ol(7), shiluone H(8), 7α,11- dihydroxy-cadin-10(14)-ene(9), kobusone(10), humulene diepoxide A(11), madolins A(12), holostylactone(13), 4-(2,2,5-trimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydrocyclopentapyran-3-yl)butan-2-one(14), litsemnolide D(15), spathulenol(16), isospathulenol(17), aromadendrane-4α-10α-diol(18), aromadendrane-4β-10β-diol(19), litseachromolaevane A(20), phacadinane E(21), rel-(5R,7R)-10-desmethyl-1-methyl-1,10-dioxo-1,10-seco-11-eudesmene(22), chimonol C(23), 10-hydroxy-6,10-epoxy-7(14)-isodaucane(24), 1,5-epoxy-4(14)-salvialene(25), 4-hydroxy-4,7-dimethyl-1-tetralone(26),(4S^*,5E,10R^*)-7-oxo-tri-nor-eudesm-5-en-4β-ol(27), trans-4,5-dihydroxycorocalane(28), 5,11-epoxycadalene(29). Compounds 1-10, 12-15, 17, 19-22, 24、25, 27, 29 were isolated from this plant for the first time.(2)Compounds 1, 4, 5, 8, 11, 16, 22 showed protective activities against NMDA-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.(3)Compound 5 exhibited α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ value of(33.3±0.71)μmol·L^-1. The results of this study enrich the chemical composition of C. migao, and provide a certain scientific reference for further study, development and utilization of the plant resource in the future.]]> 2025/10/31 0:00:00 1,2, CHEN Faju^1,2, YANG Lishou^1,2, WANG Li^1,2, YANG Juan^1,2, YANG Xiaosheng^1,2, LI Qiji^1,2*]]> ZHOU Lang^1,2, CHEN Faju^1,2, YANG Lishou^1,2, WANG Li^1,2, YANG Juan^1,2, YANG Xiaosheng^1,2, LI Qiji^1,2* 11true Melastoma normale roots and their ant-inflammatory activities, the ethanol extracts of M. normale roots were isolated using techniques such as Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and RP-HPLC. The structures of obtained compounds were determined using a comprehensive analysis of NMR and HRESIMS data. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory activity of the compound was evaluated by inducing the release of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cells using lipopolysaccharide(LPS). The results were as follows:(1)A total of 19 compounds were isolated and identified as 1,6-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose(1), syringylglycerol-9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2), epicatechin gallate(3), gentisic acid 5-O-β-D-glucoside(4), myricetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(5), 6-O-galloylglucose(6), 3-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-rhamnopyranoside(7), ellagic acid 3,3',4-trimethoxy 4'-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(8), 3,3',4-tri-O-methyl-4'-O-rutinosylellagicacid(9), 3,3'-di-O-methylellagic acid-4'-O-glucoside(10), 3,4-dihydroxybenzoicacid(11), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde(12), β-D-glucopyranosyloxyphenylacetoniwile(13), 1-O-benzoyl-myo-inositol(14), 2α-hydroxyursolic acid(15), ursolic acid(16), friedelin(17), α-amyrin(18), and harprogenin-28-β-D-glucopyranosylester(19). Except for compounds 6, 10, 18, all others were obtained from this plant for the first time.(2)Compound 12 exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on LPS inducing NO release in RAW 264.7 cells with an IC ₅₀ value of 18.2 μmol · L^-1. This finding provides a scientific basis for further research on the anti-inflammatory effect of M. normale.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1,2, ZOU Biqun^2,3, ZENG Siwen^2,4, WANG Yafeng², YANG Bingyuan², LI Guiqin², LIU Zhangbin², HUANG Yonglin², GUO Lunfa², GE Li¹, HE Ruijie^2*, YANG Kedi^1,4*]]> LI Jing^1,2, ZOU Biqun^2,3, ZENG Siwen^2,4, WANG Yafeng², YANG Bingyuan², LI Guiqin², LIU Zhangbin², HUANG Yonglin², GUO Lunfa², GE Li¹, HE Ruijie^2*, YANG Kedi^1,4* 10true Dendrobium officinale is a herbaceous plant with significant medicinal value. Research on its bioactive substances is crucial for elucidating its pharmacological mechanisms and broadening its applications. However, systematic studies on bioactive substances across its different tissues remain limited. To comprehensively clarify the metabolic differences and distribution regularities of bioactive substances among various tissues of D. officinale, this study to investigate the composition and distribution characteristics of key bioactive substances, including flavonoids, polysaccharides, and amino acids, in its roots, stems, and leaves based on metabolomics technology. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 460 flavonoid compounds were identified, with flavones(35.21%)and flavonols(32.61%)as the predominant components; 26 polysaccharide metabolites(primarily monosaccharides and disaccharides); 72 amino acid metabolites, and 19 organic acids and their derivatives were detected.(2)While the metabolite compositions in roots, stems, and leaves were similar, their contents exhibited significant variations. For instance, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose, cellobiose, and D-galactose reached their highest concentrations in leaves, roots, and stems, respectively.(3)Principal component analysis(PCA)revealed significant diversity in flavonoid, amino acid, and polysaccharide metabolites among tissues. The orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)model further confirmed the distinct separation of metabolic profiles across tissues(R²Y > 0.5, Q² > 0.5), indicating robust model reliability.(4)Hierarchical cluster analysis highlighted elevated accumulation of flavonoids and amino acids in roots and leaves, whereas polysaccharide metabolites displayed tissue-specific distribution. Notably, glucose and D-mannose contents in stems were significantly higher than in other tissues. This study systematically delineates the differential metabolite characteristics in distinct tissues of D. officinale for the first time, providing scientific references for understanding the synthesis mechanisms of its bioactive compounds and optimizing medicinal part selection. Furthermore, it establishes a critical data framework for advancing the application of D. officinale in medicine and healthcare.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1,2,4*, YANG Lizhi², LIU Zhen⁴, WANG Qinghao^2,3,4]]> ZHANG Wangshu^1,2,4*, YANG Lizhi², LIU Zhen⁴, WANG Qinghao^2,3,4 9true -1 to 2.73 mg·g^-1 throughout the process.(2)The RNA-seq analysis revealed that the predominant enriched term within the Gene Ontology(GO)database was related to components of membrane, while the primary enriched pathway identified in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)database pertained to amino acid synthesis.(3)Nine structural genes associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis exhibited differential expression. Specifically, within the flavonoid metabolism pathway, the expression levels of RrCHS1, RrCHS2, RrCHS3, RrCHI, RrDFR1, RrDFR2, and RrANS were significantly reduced. Conversely, in the phenylpropanoid metabolism pathway, the expression level of RrPAL1 was significantly elevated, while that of RrPAL2 was markedly decreased at the D3 stage compared to the D1 stage. In conclusion, the drying and pressing process exerts a significant degradative effect on anthocyanins in ‘Carola' petals, concurrently promoting petal color darkening. Furthermore, the drying and pressing process suppresses the expression of structural genes associated with the flavonoid metabolic pathway in petals, thereby imposing limitations on anthocyanin biosynthesis.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1*, HUANG Zhengtao¹, XU Yipei¹, YANG Jing², LI Jing¹]]> ZHOU Xuzixin^1*, HUANG Zhengtao¹, XU Yipei¹, YANG Jing², LI Jing¹ 8true The Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2012 Version) and Simca were employed to assess the similarity, cluster analysis(CA), principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)were used to analyze the discrepancy between different batches of Guangdong Shenqu. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 8 common peaks were matched in 18 batches of Guangdong Shenqu, among which five characteristic peaks were successfully authenticated as rutin, ellagic acid, hesperidin, ferulic acid, and baicalin through comparison with reference compounds. The similarity of the fingerprint was 0.997 - 1.000.(2)The mass fractions of rutin, ellagic acid, hesperidin, ferulic acid, and baicalin in the 18 batches of Guangdong Shenqu were 3.539 2 - 6.773 7 mg·g^-1, 0.220 5 - 0.907 0 mg·g^-1, 1.259 6 - 3.935 3 mg·g^-1, 0.022 2 - 0.093 8 mg·g^-1, 0.316 9 - 0.788 0 mg·g^-1, respectively.(3)CA successfully categorized the samples into three types; PCA extracted three principal components; OPLS-DA identified two differential markers for baicalin and ellagic acid. The established method of HPLC fingerprint and content determination of Guangdong Shenqu combined with chemometric analysis in this paper demonstrates excellent stability and reliability, which can be used for the quality evaluation of Guangdong Shenqu herbs.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1, LI Yingna², WU Jingyi¹, WANG Jiangting¹, ZHOU Zhongliu^1*]]> HUANG Liping¹, LI Yingna², WU Jingyi¹, WANG Jiangting¹, ZHOU Zhongliu^1* 7true Andrographis paniculata is a major southern medicinal material in China, which is mainly distributed in the acidic soil areas of southern Guangxi and Guangdong. However, the effects of Al stress on the growth and metabolism of A. paniculata(Chuanxinlian)have not been reported. Using medicinal plant A. paniculata as an experimental material, a soilless cultivation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Al stress on its antioxidative capacity and carbon and nitrogen metabolism under different Al³⁺ concentrations(0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mmol·L^-1). The results were as follows:(1)With the increase of Al³⁺ concentration, the contents of H₂O₂ and malondialdehyde(MDA)and the activities of catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were increased. Treatment with 50 mmol·L^-1 Al³⁺ for 7 d significantly inhibited plant growth.(2)Soluble protein content decreased gradually with the increase of Al³⁺ concentration. Total nitrogen content was significantly decreased under 50 mmol·L^-1 Al³⁺, while the NH₄⁺ content was significantly increased. Al stress significantly increased the glutamine synthetase(GS)activity while significantly decreased the activities of glutamate synthase(GOGAT), glutamate dehydrogenase(GDH), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase(GOT)and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT).(3)Al stress significantly decreased the accumulation of free amino acids. The contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, histidine, arginine, threonine, and proline were significantly reduced by Al stress. In contrast, the contents of methionine, cysteine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine were increased under Al stress.(4)Al stress reduced the photosynthesis, increased its non-stomatal limitation, and reduced the accumulation of malate and citrate in A. paniculata. In conclusion, A. paniculata is relatively sensitive to Al stress, which causes disorders of nitrogen assimilation and amino acid metabolism, a decline of photosynthetic capacity, and a decrease in organic acid accumulation, exacerbating oxidative stress in A. paniculata. The research results provide a theoretical guidance for the evaluation of Al toxicity tolerance and guidance for improving the Al stress tolerance of A. paniculata by correcting carbon and nitrogen metabolism through exogenous application of regulators. Further studies are required to evaluate the effects of nitrogen nutrition on the tolerance of Al stress in A. paniculata and elucidate its mechanism.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1,2,3*, JIAN Shaofen^1,2,3, HUANG Yanfen^1,2,3]]> ZHONG Chu^1,2,3*, JIAN Shaofen^1,2,3, HUANG Yanfen^1,2,3 6true 12 from Andrographis paniculata was used as research object, its fermentation process was optimized through single-factor and orthogonal tests. The biocontrol efficacy of AP-12 against Ralstonia solanacearum-induced wilt in Pogostemon cablin was evaluated via pot experiments, alongside its effects on physiological, biochemical, and bioactive compound levels. The results were as follows:(1)Optimal fermentation conditions(20 g·L^-1 fructose, 20 g·L^-1 yeast powder, pH 6.0, 400 mL liquid filling volume, 150 r·min^-1, 28 ℃, 8 d)enhanced AP-12's antibacterial activity by 83.41%.(2)AP-12 fermented broth and sterilized broth exhibited disease control efficiencies of 31.45% and 21.58%, respectively, confirming thermostability of active metabolites.(3)AP-12 treatment mitigated chlorophyll and nitrogen loss in Pogostemon cablin under pathogen stress, while reducing activities of catalase(CAT), peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and malondialdehyde(MDA)content(P<0.05).(4)AP-12 alleviated declines in pogostone content and root vitality(P<0.05)under pathogen stress. In conclusion, it is believed that the endophytic fungus AP-12 significantly enhanced the antibacterial effect by optimizing the fermentation process through the synergistic mechanism of “antibacterial-stress resistance-quality improvement”, enhanced the antioxidant capacity, reduced the oxidative damage, and alleviated the effective constituent, significantly enhanced resistance to bacterial blight of P. cablin. This study not only provides a high standard biocontrol agent for bacterial wilt in Pogostemon cablin, but also provide a new theoretical basis and technical support for the application of plant endophytic fungi in the green prevention and control of agricultural diseases.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 *]]> HUANG Jin, CHEN Shuoqing, DING Mei, HU Jingwen, YANG Fan, LUO Wenrong, DU Qin^* 5true Tinospora sinensis and obtain strains with microbial transformation capabilities for the host medicinal material, this paper employed a tissue isolation method and ITS sequence analysis to identify the isolated endophytic fungi and conduct microbial transformation research. The bioactivity and chemical constituent differences of the extracts before and after microbial transformations were analyzed and evaluated through antibacterial experiments, DPPH radical scavenging assays, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)techniques. The results were as follows:(1)An endophytic fungus was isolates and identifies as Colletotrichum queenslandicum from Tinospora sinensis, which demonstrated microbial transformation capabilities towards the host medicinal material.(2)The extracts of T. sinensis before microbial transformation had no inhibitory effect on the tested strains. However, after microbial transformation, the n-butanol extract of T. sinensis had an inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, with a minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)of 31.3 mg·mL^-1.(3)The DPPH free radical scavenging abilities of crude extract, n-butanol and ethyl acetate extracts decreased compared with those before transformation, while the petroleum ether extract exhibited an increased scavenging ability compared with that before transformation.(4)A total of 33 and 23 compounds were identified and characterized from the n-butanol extracts of Tinospora sinensis before and after microbial transformations, respectively, indicating the changes in chemical constituent. This study isolated and obtained an endophytic fungus with microbial transformation capabilities from the T. sinensis, providing a theoretical support for the research on its efficient utilization and biotransformation.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1, YANG Minting¹, CHEN Lanyan¹, ZHANG Wenxiu¹, YANG Lang¹, LAI Hongfang¹, LI Jun^2*, WANG Aijuan^1*]]> ZHANG Gaorong¹, YANG Minting¹, CHEN Lanyan¹, ZHANG Wenxiu¹, YANG Lang¹, LAI Hongfang¹, LI Jun^2*, WANG Aijuan^1* 4true 2 fluid extraction(SFE-SAO), and microwave-assisted ethanol extraction(MAEE-SAO)were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)There were no significant differences in rotation, relative density, and refractive index between SD-SAO and SFE-SAO, while the refractive index of MAEE-SAO(1.394)was significantly lower than that of the other two samples(1.557 for SD-SAO and 1.555 for SFE-SAO).(2)The electronic nose radar fingerprint analysis indicated that the aroma profiles of SD-SAO and SFE-SAO were similar, with insignificant differences in aroma characteristics, whereas, the aroma radar profile of MAEE-SAO differed significantly from those of SD-SAO and SFE-SAO.(3)GC-MS analysis of volatile components showed that the composition and content of aroma components in SAO varied significantly with different extraction methods. The number and relative content of identified volatile components also differed. Although trans-anethole was the major component in all three types of SAO, its relative amount varied significantly, with values of 94.38% in SD-SAO, 85.40% in MAEE-SAO, and 82.67% in SFE-SAO. Additionally, principal component analysis(PCA)enabled successful discrimination of the three SAO samples prepared with different extraction methods, further confirming that different extraction processes significantly impact the aroma characteristics of SAO. A comprehensive comparison revealed that SAO extracted by steam distillation and supercritical CO₂ extraction exhibited better aroma characteristics, while SAO extracted by microwave-assisted ethanol extraction had a more complex volatile component profile and required further refinement. The results of this study provide a technical reference for the analysis of aroma characteristics of SAO, and a solid theoretical basis for the processing and quality control of SAO products.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1,2]]> GUO Xiangyang^1,2 3true GPAT gene in the plateau plant Salsola abrotanoides, SaGPAT1, a member of the GPAT gene family, was cloned from S. abrotanoides using qRT-PCR. Its function was preliminarily interpreted through bioinformatics analysis and gene expression patterns. The results were as follows:(1)The cloned SaGPAT1 gene cDNA was 1 648 bp in length and encoded a protein of 532 amino acids. This study protein was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, was stable, mainly consisted of α helix and random coil, and belonged to the GPAT family because it contained a PlsC structural domain.(2)Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the SaGPAT1 protein was more closely related to those in Chenopodium quinoa and Spinacia oleracea and clustered in the same clade as AtGPAT2 and AtGPAT3 in Arabidopsis thaliana.(3)Predictive analysis of the SaGPAT1 promoter revealed several cis-acting elements related to plant growth, development, and stress response.(4)qRT-PCR results showed that the SaGPAT1 gene was expressed in different tissues, with the highest expression in leaves, followed by stems and seedlings. Under drought stress, the SaGPAT1 gene was upregulated, and its expression increased significantly. In conclusion, it is hypothesized that the SaGPAT1 gene might be involved in the regulatory mechanisms related to drought stress response in Salsola abrotanoides. This study provides a reference for further clarification of the gene's specific function in drought tolerance through transformation studies in model plants.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1, MA Jianzhi¹, DUO Jiecuo², LUO Tianrong¹, XIONG Huiyan², DUAN Ruijun^1,2*]]> DU Mingyang¹, MA Jianzhi¹, DUO Jiecuo², LUO Tianrong¹, XIONG Huiyan², DUAN Ruijun^1,2* 2true Carpesium faberi, the compounds were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Rp-C₁₈ column chromatography and preparative high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), and their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectrum data. The results were as follows: Eleven monomer compounds were isolated from the extract of C. faberi whole grass ethyl acetate and identified as 4α,10α-dihydroxy-1β(H),5β(H)-guai-11(13)-en-8,12-olide(1), vomifoliol(2), grasshopper ketone(3), carpespene F(4), 4-[(1R,2S)-3,3-dimethyl-2-(3-oxobutyl)cyclobutyl] pent-4-en-1-yl acetate(5), carpespene I(6), 4β, 10β-dihydroxy-5α(H)-1,11(13)-guaidien-8α,12-olide(7), luteolin(8),(+)-syringaresinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(9), 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenyl β-D-glucopyranoside(10), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11). Compound 5 was a new compound, compounds 1, 4, 6, 7 were guaiane-type sesquiterpenoids, and compounds 9, 11 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the chemical constituent of C. faberi.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1, CHEN Jie¹, LI Qindan¹, CHEN Lu¹, LIU Lulan¹, YAN Ying^1,2*]]> FENG Enming¹, CHEN Jie¹, LI Qindan¹, CHEN Lu¹, LIU Lulan¹, YAN Ying^1,2* 1true