Castanopsis chinensis is the dominant species in 20 hm² lower subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest plot in Dinghushan and plays very important role in forest community assembly and maintenance of biodiversity. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology combined with bioinformatics softwares were used to deep analyze the genome sequence of C. chinensis. Sequencing quality was assessed by FastQC and clean data was demutiplexed by Stacks. The assembly of reference sequence of C. chinensis genome was preliminarily completed by dDocent and the fasta format file of genomic reference sequence totally contained 1 488 contig sequences including forward strand and reverse strand. Sequencing alignment was conducted by Bowtie2 and the individual sequence information was completely aligned to reference sequence. The results were as follows:(1)Pearson correlation analysis was performed using the data of soil available phosphorus content in Dinghushan plot with the result of sequence alignment matrix and the result showed that 37 significant phosphorus-responsive genes were detected. The GO function annotation analysis of the phosphorus-responsive genes found that among the 29 GO annotation classifications, there were 13 genes in the molecular functional class and the predicting functions included NAPE-specific phospholipase D activity, cytochrome-c oxidase activity, electron transporter and peroxidase activity.(2)The predicting function of 11 genes in the class of biological process class involved in RNA splicing, oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthetic electron transport in photosystem Ⅱ. Cellular component class contained nine genes, including chloroplast, integral component of membrane and photosystem Ⅱ. Moreover, the result of KEGG analysis showed that the KEGG terms of 37 genes were significantly enriched to the metabolic pathway of photosynthesis and psbD was the major gene participated in the regulatory process. This study reveals that many phosphorus-responsive genes are involved in the regulation of various biological pathways in the growth stage of C. chinensis under low phosphorus stress. psbD gene is a major phosphorus-responsive gene adjusting plant growth by regulating photosynthesis in leaves. The specific function of psbD gene in C. chinensis needs to be further vertified.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 1,2, LI Wenqi^1,2, CAO Honglin¹, LIU Wei^1*]]> JIANG Chu^1,2, LI Wenqi^1,2, CAO Honglin¹, LIU Wei^1* 66true Arabidopsis thaliana, Lycopersicon esculentum and Saussurea involucrata, the differential expression genes(DEGs)was filtered in the three low temperature transcriptomes and comparison analysis was performed on the DEGs from three plants. All the mitochondria genes were filtered through blast against the mitochondria genomes that was downloaded from the NCBI database. Promoter analysis was performed through PlantCARE online website and the mega software was used to phylogenetic tree construction. The results were as follows: In total, there were 2, 24 and 15 DEGs were found in Saussurea involucrata, Arabidopsis thaliana and Lycopersicon esculentum, and these genes were mainly focused on mitochondrial ribosomal and electron transfer chain complex subunits; A few genes were seemed to relate to the cold adaptation that the expression level was positive to the ability of cold tolerance of the three plants, especially for the NAD1 and NAD5 gene; Through cluster analysis of expression patterns, Saussurea involucrata and Arabidopsis thaliana were more similar in genes expression mode than Lycopersicon esculentum, and the expression mode of different genes had a quite difference between different plants; Further analysis on the conserved motif sequence of these genes, the sequences of Saussurea involucrata showed more close relationship with the alpine plants such as Climacium dendroides and Anomodon minor than the other compositae plants. In general, the mitochondrial genes had a quite difference on the sequence of conserved motif and expression mode under the cold condition between the Arabidopsis thaliana, Lycopersicon esculentum and Saussurea involucrata. It was concluded that the mitochondria genes and its expressional regulation could be implicated in the cold adaptation of plants.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 *]]> WANG Saisai, LI Jin, ZHU Jianbo^* 65true Handroanthus chrysotrichus towards coldness, one year seedlings of H. chrysotrichus were put under artificially controlling low temperature treatments. Physiological indexes and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured. The result shows that under low temperature stress of 6 ℃ or above, seedlings can improve their cold tolerance and protect themselves by enhancing SOD activities, SS contents and Pro contents. In addition, seedlings can also prevent their photosynthetic system from cold damaging through improving NPQ. When the temperature reaches to 2 ℃, both PSⅡ reaction center and photosynthetic system will be badly damaged. From these changes, we deduce that seedlings of H. chrysotrichus can resist to low temperature ranging 2-5 ℃ and prevent the meselves from coldness through self-adjustment. However, the critical point still needs to be determined. Our paper also finds out that when facing low temperature 6 ℃ or above, SS contents rapidly rise up. When the temperature reaches to 2 ℃ or below, Pro contents remarkably rise up. Perhaps seedlings of H. chrysotrichus can protect themselves from low temperature 6 ℃ or above by enhancing SOD activities and SS contents. Seedlings of H. chrysotrichus will mitigate damages of low temperature 2 ℃ or below by enhancing SOD activities and Pro contents. It is concluded that the seedlings of H. chrysotrichus could not resist the freezing damage caused by low temperature below 0 ℃, but have certain tolerance to low temperature above 0 ℃. The results are beneficial to both selecting resistent varieties and promoting cultivation. It is also good for exploring cold tolerant ability of plants.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 1,2, YUAN Sen¹, HUANG Zhiqing¹, QIN Xinsheng¹, FENG Zhijian^1*]]> DING Shifeng^1,2, YUAN Sen¹, HUANG Zhiqing¹, QIN Xinsheng¹, FENG Zhijian^1* 64true Tsoongiodendron odorum, Michelia alba and Manglietia glauca to different light conditions, the seedlings were grown under four light regimes(100%, 72.3%, 48.6%, 24.9% of natural sunlight). The photosynthetic characteristic parameters, biomass distribution ratio and chlorophyll contents were measured. In addition, the effects of light intensity on seedling photosynthetic efficiency and their growth were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)Seedlings vertical and diametral growth were seriously inhibited under either excessive shadings or excessive sunlight. 72.3% natural sunlight was found to be optimal for seedling growth.(2)With the light intensity increasing, maximum photosynthetic rate(P_max), light compensation point(LCP), light saturation point(LSP), respiration rate(R_d), and transpiration rate(T_r)of Tsoongiodendron odorum, Michelia alba and Manglietia glauca decreased. Chlorophyll contents increased, while the water use efficiency reached its highest value under moderate shade treatment, but lowest under severe shade conditions.(3)Under low light conditions, the aboveground biomass fraction of Tsoongiodendron odorum and Michelia alba increased, while the belowground biomass of Manglietia glauca was increased.(4)With the light intensity decreasing, the specific leaf area(SLA)of Tsoongiodendron odorum increased firstly and then decreased, SLA of Manglietia glauca decreased significantly, those of Michelia alba was not significantly different. The results suggested that the differences of response and adaptation of Tsoongiodendron odorum, Michelia alba and Manglietia glauca to low light environment were mainly observed in aboveground/belowground biomass distribution ratio and the morphological characteristics of leaves. Tsoongiodendron odorum, Michelia alba and Manglietia glauca may increase their photosynthetic capacity by increasing chlorophyll contents, reducing P_max, LSP, LCP, R_d, T_r, adjusting the aboveground/belowground biomass distribution ratio appropriately under shade condition. 72.3% natural sunlight was found to be optimal for seedling growth.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 *, ZHU Liqiong]]> LIU Jinchi, ZHAO Lijun^*, ZHU Liqiong 63true Arabidopsis thaliana as the research object and investigated the function and mechanism of ABA in the control of anthocyanin biosynthesis. Phenotypic analysis showed that exogenous application of ABA significantly increased the accumulation of anthocyanins in the stem ends of wild-type A. thaliana seedlings. Consistently, ABA induced the expression of certain transcription factors and synthetase genes associated with anthocyanin synthesis. In addition, genetic analysis revealed that ABA-stimulated anthocyanin synthesis is partially dependent on core transcription factors in the MBW complex that positively regulates anthocyanin synthesis, such as TTG1, TT8, and MYB75. Preliminary mechanism studies revealed that the bZIP-type transcription factor ABI5 in the ABA signaling pathway physically interacts with TTG1, TT8 and MYB75 to form a protein complex. Taken together, this study shows that ABA signaling induces anthocyanin accumulation in A. thaliana seedlings and may regulate the synthesis of anthocyanins by synergizing the ABI5 with the MBW complex.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 1, 2, MEI Song¹, HU Yanru^1*]]> CHEN Junjie^{1, 2}, MEI Song¹, HU Yanru^1* 62true Catharanthus roseus can produce a variety of terpeniod indole alkaloids, including a variety of natural anti-cancer, but the biosynthesis content is very low. The jasmonic acid signaling pathway regulates the biosynthesis of these terpeniod indole alkaloids. The jasmonic acid-isoleucine synthase is a key component in the jasmonic acid signaling pathway. In order to study its function, the amino acid sequence of CrJAR1 was analyzed, and prokaryotic expression was performed. Results had shown that the CrJAR1 gene encoded 585 amino acids, and the protein did not contain transmembrane structure. The subcellular localization analysis showed that the protein might be localized in the cytoplasm, and the protein did not contain signal peptide. Further phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the CrJAR1 had the highest homology with the JAR1 of the Cucurbita maxima and Carica papaya. The secondary and tertiary structures were predicted, and it was found that the CrJAR1 protein was mainly composed of α-helix. In addition, the recombinant expression plasmid pET-30b-CrJAR1 was constructed and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 after induction by IPTG. Induction at 16 and 37 ℃ after 16 hours, both showed the highest expression levels. In this paper, the bioinformatics analysis of CrJAR1 protein in Catharanthus roseus was successfully carried out and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The study will have deep effect on research of CrJAR1 protein function in vitro, and provide instructive revelation for regulation of jasmonic acid signaling pathway, and even the regulation of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in Catharanthus roseus.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 *]]> LIN Ying, WANG Yanyan, YU Fang^* 61true Diospyros germplasm, Diospyros oleifera, cultivated persimmon and the main cultivar ‘Gongcheng persimmon' in Guangxi were used as experimental materials to analyze the changes of titratable acid content, soluble sugar content, firmness, ethylene biosynthesis, total chromatism, soluble tannin content, pectin content and cell wall degrading enzyme activities in postharvest storage of artificially dehydrated ethephon. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with ‘Gongcheng persimmon', the Diospyros oleifera had high titratable acid content, low soluble sugar content, slow color change and easy softening of fruits. Among them, YS-4 was the most resistant to storage. After ethephon treatment, the firmness decreased to 1.620 N on the 4th day, and the soluble tannin content decreased to 2.398 mg·g^-1 on the 6th day. The pectin content decreased the most slowly during the whole storage period. The soluble pectin content value was the lowest at the final phase(0.832%); while YS-2 was the most resistant to storage, the firmness of ethephon treatment was 3.6 times than that of YS-4 on the 8th day, and the firmness at the end of storage was the highest among all persimmon germplasms.(2)The titratable acid content of ZP-2 was the highest, the soluble sugar content was low, the change of color was the slowest, the decline of original pectin was the least, and the content of soluble pectin was the highest after the end of storage period of ethephon treatment. On the contrary, ZP-3 fruit color changed quickly and softened easily, the titratable acid content was the lowest, the soluble sugar content was low, the original pectin content was the biggest, and the soluble pectin content was low.(3)Polygalacturonase(PG)and cellulase(Cx)of ‘Gongcheng persimmon' were much higher than D. oleifera during the ripening period after fruit softening. The relationship between the softening degree and the cell wall degradation enzyme activity was different among all the persimmon germplasms. β-D-galactosidase(β-D-Gal)and cellulase(Cx)played an important role in the early stage of storage, while poly galacturonase(PG)played an important role in fruit softening at the early and late stage of storage. The results suggest that different persimmon germplasms have different enzymes that play major roles in fruit softening progress. In general, compared with ‘Gongcheng persimmon', the storage tolerance of D. oleifera, in which YS-4 was extremely intolerant to storage, and ZP-2 was extremely tolerant to storage. These results may provide a basis for the study of fruit softening mechanism of persimmon germplasm materials.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:55 1, LU Di¹, PAN Jiechun¹, SUN Ningjing^2*]]> HUANG Sijie¹, LU Di¹, PAN Jiechun¹, SUN Ningjing^2* 60true Quercus variabilis roots with increasing diameter and detect the rational criteria for the division of its roots, the roots of one-year-old Q. variabilis seedlings were divided into four diameter classes: 1 mm, 1-2 mm, 2-3 mm and 3-4 mm. These roots were made paraffin sections separately to observe anatomical structure and determine hydraulic traits of xylem. The carbon and nitrogen content were detected with carbon/nitrogen ratios. These roots were divided by principal component method. The results were as follows:(1)The thickness of periderm, phloem and cambium of Q. variabilis roots increased with the increase of diameter class, while their percentage decreased. The diameter and percentage of xylem showed the increasing trend.(2)The mean maximum and minimum vessel diameters, root specific hydraulic conductivity and embolism vulnerability index of xylem increased significantly in the roots with the diameter above 2 mm. The vessel density decreased and the percentage of vessel area to xylem area altered without significance.(3)The carbon content in the roots with the diameter above 2 mm increased significantly. With the increase of diameter class, the root nitrogen content decreased and the carbon/nitrogen ratio increased.(4)The principal component analysis showed that the variance contribution of the first two principal components reached 62% after dimensionality reduction of 13 root structure and element content indexes. PCA biplot indicated that the roots of Q. variabilis were divided into two groups: absorbing root group in diameter below 2 mm and transporting root group above 2 mm. It is concluded that 2 mm is the criterion for fine root classification of Q. variabilis, which is more accurate with both morphological and functional characteristics.]]> 2020/9/27 10:41:56 1, XI Guorong¹, LI Yue'e¹, WANG Xiaoxue², MA Chuang^1*, WANG Bolin¹]]> SHU Lixiang¹, XI Guorong¹, LI Yue'e¹, WANG Xiaoxue², MA Chuang^1*, WANG Bolin¹ 59true Fagopyrum tatari-cymosum)were selected to investigate the main agronomic traits under seed sowing and autumn regeneration. The results were as follows:(1)The effects of different sowing seasons on pollen fertility, total seed set, effective rate of seed set, plant height, main stem diameter, main stem branching number, main stem node number, 100-grain weight, grain number per plant and yield of main inflorescence of new perennial tartary buckwheat lines reached signi-ficant or extremely significant level. Fertility rate of main inflorescence, total seed set, effective rate of seed set, number of branches of main stem, 100-grain weight, grain number per plant and yield per plant under autumn sowing were extremely significantly higher than those under spring sowing; Plant height, diameter of main stem and number of nodes of main stem under autumn sowing were extremely significantly lower than those under spring sowing; There was no significant differences in the size of main inflorescence flowers and the ratio of length to width of ten grains.(2)The effects of different planting methods on pollen fertility and effective rate of seed set on main inflorescence, number of main stem nodes and 100-grain weight of plant reached signi-ficant or extremely significant level; The fertility rate of regeneration main inflorescence pollen and the grain number per plant in autumn are significantly higher than those of autumn sowing; The effective rate of seed set on main inflorescence, the diameter of main stem, number of main stem nodes and 100-grain number of plant are significantly lower than those of autumn sowing. There are no significant differences in the size of main inflorescence flowers, the total seed set, plant height, number of main stem branches, length-width ratio of grain and yield per plant; The correlation analysis showed that there were the highest correlation coefficient between the effective rate of seed set of main inflorescence and grain number per plant with yield per plant in each growing season.(3)Among all the tested lines, the autumn sowing yield per plant of 1612-241 was significantly higher than that of other lines, and the autumn regeneration yield per plant of 1612-16 and 1612-33 were significantly higher than that of the normal season. The results of this study are helpful to obtain the best lines suitable for sowing on one season and harvesting in two seasons, and provide clues for the perennial tartary buckwheat breeding in the future.]]> 2020/7/14 15:43:41 *]]> YANG Lijuan, SHI Taoxiong, DENG Jiao, WANG Yan, CUI Yasong, RAN Pan, CHEN Qingfu^* 58true -2, to discuss the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the growth, dry matter accumulation and transport of vegetative organs and nitrogen application rate on grain filling characteristics and yield of two Tartary buckwheat. The results were as follows.(1)Nitrogen fertilizer significantly promoted the growth and development of Tartary buckwheat. With the increase of nitrogen application, the plant height, SPAD value and dry matter accumulation of Tartary buckwheat showed a gradual increase trend, reached the maximum value under N3 treatment, significantly higher than N1 and N2 treatment. Under the same nitrogen application conditions, Qianku 3 was better than Xinong 9940. As far as the translocation rate is concerned, the two varieties of Tartary buckwheat perform inconsistently. Nitrogen application significantly increased the stem and leaf dry matter transport rate of Xinong 9940, while Qianku 3 did the opposite.(2)With the increase of nitrogen application, the day of filling duration of Tartary buckwheat increased, the maximum grain filling date was prolonged, the mean grain flling rate decreased, and the 100-grain weight showed a downward trend. Under the same nitrogen applicaton conditions, compared with Qianku 3, Xinong 9940 had a fasted flling rate and greater grain weight.(3)With the increase of nitrogen application, yield and its constituent factors increased first and then decreased, but the varieties were different. The yield of Xinong 9940 reached the highest in N2 treatment, which was 1 650.0 kg·hm^-2,which was 45.6% and 28.2% higher than that of N1 and N3 treatments. The yield of Qianku 3 reached the highest in N1 treatment, which was 616.7 kg·kg^-2, which increased yield by 12.8% and 51.6% compared with N2 and N3. It was suggested that in the dry farming area of the Loess Plateau, buckwheat breeding and planting depend on the variety of buckwheat, and the optimum amount of nitrogen application should be selected, and the best nitrogen rate of Xinong 9940 was 180～270 kg·hm^-2, and the optimum nitrogen rate of Qianku 3 was 90～180 kg·hm^-2.]]> 2020/7/14 15:43:41 *]]> XIA Meijuan, BAI Wenming, HUANG Qipeng, ZHANG Weili, GAO Licheng, REN Huili, GAO Jinfeng^* 57true Pinus tabulaeformis after planting on the basis of cost control. The split area experiment design method was adopted in this study. Three irrigation levels and three application amounts of organic fertilizer of garden waste were selected for comparative experiment. The effects of different treatments on the growth of P. tabulaeformis forest were studied by measuring the height, DBH, chlorophyll and leaf nutrient content indexes of P. tabulaeformis forest. The results were as follows: Irrigation can significantly improve the growth index of P. tabulaeformis in DBH, tree height, physiology and other aspects, and the promotion effect of tree height and DBH under medium amount irrigation(A2)is even higher than that under high amount irrigation(A3); After one year of experimental treatment, fertilization had a significant effect on the growth of P. tabulaeformis, but there was no significant differences among the three fertilization levels; There was no significant interaction between irrigation and organic fertilizer application. Fertilization and irrigation can significantly promote the growth of P. tabulaeformis. From the perspective of the effect of fertilization and comprehensive consideration of resource utilization efficiency, it is an economic and effective management and protection measure for P. tabulaeformis ecological forest to apply a small amount of organic fertilizer and drip irrigation in the growing season(April to September)with the amount of 80 L·(10 d· plant · time)^-1.]]> 2020/7/14 15:43:41 1, PENG Zuodeng^1*, JIA Suping², JIA Jianxue², YU Lingxiao²]]> ZHANG Tingyu¹, PENG Zuodeng^1*, JIA Suping², JIA Jianxue², YU Lingxiao² 56true PhNAC1(GenBank accession No. MF797909)was cloned from the leaves of Phalaenopsis using RT-PCR and RACE method. The full-length of PhNAC1 was 1 442 bp, which contained a 942 bp ORF that encoding a protein with 313 amino acids residues. The molecular weight of the putative protein was 35.22 kDa and the theoretical pI was 6.95, a hydrophilic and unstable protein. Prediction of secondary structure showed that the random coil and extended strand were the main structural elements of the protein, which conformed to the prediction of tertiary structure. Amino acid sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis between the protein of PhNAC1 and NACs from other Orchids showed that PhNAC1 was close to Phalaenopsis equestris(XP_020576379)with the sequence identity of 97%, followed by the Dendrobium catenatum(XP_020695081)with 84%. The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the PhNAC1 gene was expressed in both of the vegetative and reproductive organs, and the expression level was the highest in the column. Under the cold stress of 11 ℃/6 ℃, the expression level of PhNAC1 gene was increased significantly with treatment time in leaves during the first five days, and then decreased at the 7th day. Under the cold stress of 4 ℃, the expression level was decreased slightly at 0.5 h, then recovered and remained to the initial level at 1 h after treatment, whereas the expression level was increased obviously after treating for 24、48 h, indicating that PhNAC1 may be involved in cold stress response of Phalaenopsis. This research will be useful for study of molecular mechanism of NAC transcription factor in cold stress response in Phalaenopsis species.]]> 2020/7/14 15:43:41 *]]> LIANG Fang, ZHANG Yan, NIU Suyan, YUAN Xiuyun, CUI Bo^* 55true Physcomitrella patens, and their gene structures, chromosomal locations and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed. The results were as follows: Genome of the P. patens contains 32 Expansin A(EXPA)and 6 Expansin-like A(EXLA), but Expansin-like B(EXLB)and Expansin B(EXPB)were not found. The Expansin amino acid sequence is between 228-290 aa in size, and the encoded protein has two conserved domains, Pollen_allerg_1 and DPBB_1. The results of protein subcellular localization prediction showed that about 4/5 of the EXP family genes in the P. patens were located outside the cell using the CELLO online tool; while the Euk-mPLoc prediction showed that the EXP gene family member was fully localized in extracellular. Gene structure analysis showed that about 68% of the Expansin gene in P. patens contains 1-3 introns. This study analyzed the basic information of the P. patens extended protein gene family, which lays a foundation for further study of the molecular evolution and biological functions of its extended protein genes.]]> 2020/7/14 15:43:41 1, HUANG Bin¹, WEI Jiao¹, JIANG Shan^2*]]> LAN Yuchun¹, HUANG Bin¹, WEI Jiao¹, JIANG Shan^2* 54true CYP735A homologous gene was firstly cloned and identified in Pinus massoniana through the rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE). The results were as follows: The full-length of cDNA of PmCYP735A was 1 744 nucleotides, including 1 647 bp open reading frame(ORF), 44 bp 5'-untranslated region(UTR)and 53 bp 3'-UTR. PmCYP735A encoded a protein of 548 amino acids, and its secondary structure was rich in alpha helix and random coil. PmCYP735A protein did not contain either transmembrane region or signal peptidase cleavage site. But two conserved motifs of P450 superfamily such as ETLRLYP(ExxRxxP)and heme-binding region FSFGPRKCVG(FxxGxRxCxG)were existed in amino acid sequence of 399-406 aa and 475-484 aa, respectively. The phylogenetic tree showed that PmCYP735A was clustered into the same evolutionary branch with homologous of Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Zea mays, while CYP735A homologous proteins from Theobroma cacao, Populus trichocarpa and Jatropha curcas were classified in another evolutionary branch. The results of qRT-PCR showed that PmCYP735A expressed significantly higher in roots and stems than in leaves. Furthermore, the gene responded to exogenous auxin NAA with a increased firstly and then decreased gene expression trend over treatment time in all three tissues. These results will be valuable for further study of the biological function of CYP735A homologous genes in woody plants and enrich the excellent genetic resources of Pinus massoniana.]]> 2020/7/14 15:43:41 1, 2, WU Ling^{1, 2}, LEI Yandong^1,2, XU Li'an^{1, 2*}, XU Meng^{1, 2}]]> XU Mengxuan^{1, 2}, WU Ling^{1, 2}, LEI Yandong^1,2, XU Li'an^{1, 2*}, XU Meng^{1, 2} 53true 6 is involved in the stress response in plants, Pyridoxal kinase(PLK)is a key enzyme in the vitamin B₆(VB₆)salvage pathway. In order to further understand the function and mechanism of PLK in tea plant biosynthesis, this study based on the tea plant genome database, and using longjing 43 as material, the CsPLK gene was cloned from tea plant by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). The results were as follows: The sequence of CsPLK was 1 179 bp in length, encoding 393 amino acids; CsPLK protein and PLK protein of known species had high homology, both were members of the ribokinase superfamily; The pET-CsPLK vector was constructed for prokaryotic expression, and the recombinant protein was identified to have strong catalytic activity, indicating that the gene cloned from tea tree is PL kinase; Tissue expression specificity analysis showed that the expression level in leaves was higher than that in stems and roots, and the lowest in roots; Real-time PCR showed that CsPLK was up-regulated expressed by low temperature and CsPLK was down-regulated by drought. This study reveals that CsPLK had an obvious stress response in tea plants, suggesting that CsPLK played an important role in the growth and development of tea plants and the stress resistance.]]> 2020/7/14 15:43:41 1, XIA Ying¹, HUANG Longquan^1*, ZHANG Jianyun²]]> CHEN Xingxing¹, XIA Ying¹, HUANG Longquan^1*, ZHANG Jianyun² 52true GGPPS gene in Prunella vulgaris, the specific primers were designed based on the sequencing of P. vulgaris transcriptome. The full-length nucleotide sequence of GGPPS gene was obtained in P. vulgaris by reverse transcription PCR technology, and the bioinformatics analysis was done. qPCR was used to analyze the expression of PvGGPPS gene in ear induced by different exogenous substances and in different organs in P. vulgaris. The results showed that the PvGGPPS gene had an open reading frame of 1 092 bp and encoded 363 amino acids, with a theoretical molecular weight of 38 815.68 D and an isoelectric point of 5.69. PvGGPPS protein had the characteristic domain of isopentenyl pyrophosphate synthase family. Phylogenetic tree showed that PvGGPPS protein was closely related to Salvia miltiorrhiza and Coleus forskohlii GGPPS protein. qPCR analysis showed that the expression of PvGGPPS gene in leaves was higher than that in ears and stems. The expression level of PvGGPPS gene was increased in the ear after GA3 treatment for 24 h, one of seven exogenous substances treated. The expression of PvGGPPS gene in different tissues of Prunella vulgaris was quite different and was induced by exogenous substances treatment. The results of this study lay a foundation for further study on the function and expression regulation of PvGGPPS gene in the synthesis pathway of terpenoids from P. vulgaris.]]> 2020/7/14 15:43:42 1, DONG Chengming^1,2, ZHU Yunhao^1,2*]]> ZHANG Mengjia¹, DONG Chengming^1,2, ZHU Yunhao^1,2* 51true TIR-NBS gene is a class of gene closely related to plant disease resistance regulation and growth and development, and its characteristic analysis contributes to the understanding of plant immunity and developmental regulation. Through bioinformatics analysis method, the TIR-NBS gene family of tobacco was identified and molecularly analyzed from the aspects of gene identification, chromosome distribution, gene structure, protein properties and structure, signal peptide, subcellular localization and cis-acting elements. The results were as follows: The TIR-NBS gene family contained 30 members, distributed on 21 chromosomes, containing 3-8 conserved motifs; The encoded proteins were unstable proteins, no signal peptides, mainly distributed in the nucleus, cytoplasm and chloroplast; The secondary structure was characterized by α-helix and random coiling; It was mainly selected by purification in evolution, and had the closest relationship with TIR-NBS gene of tomato; Analysis of cis-acting elements showed that it may be regulated by light, temperature, and hormones such as auxin, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, and gibberellin. The results provided a basis for further exploring the biological functions of the TIR-NBS gene and improving plant yield and quality.]]> 2020/7/14 15:43:42 1, YANG Shimei¹, ZHAO Degang^1,2, SONG Li^1*]]> DONG Yaping¹, YANG Shimei¹, ZHAO Degang^1,2, SONG Li^1* 50true Fritillaria thunbergii, ultra high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS)and real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)techniques were used to determine the total alkaloids(the sum of peimine and peiminine)and the expression level of three genes involved in alkaloid synthesis pathway(HMGR, FPS and DXR)in eleven samples from different producing areas. Meanwhile, biostatistics was used to analyze the correlation between the alkaloid content of mature bulbs and the expression of each gene. The results were as follows: There were significant differences in total alkaloid content of mature bulbs(P<0.05), ranging from 0.2105% to 0.4612%; The variation trend of the expression of HMGR and FPS genes in the tissue of full-bloom stage and the bulbs from full-bloom stage to maturity stage was basically consistent with the variation trend of alkaloid content; The expression of DXR gene was the highest in mature bulbs, and the change trend of the tissue expression at the full-bloom stage and the bulb expression from the full-bloom stage to maturity stage was generally inconsistent with the change trend of alkaloid content; The expression levels of HMGR and FPS genes were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with peimine, peiminine and total alkaloid content, respectively(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the coefficients between FPS gene expression and alkaloid content were the highest, which were 0.672, 0.631, 0.664, respectively, meanwhile, the coefficients between DXR gene expression and alkaloid content were low. In summary, the data indicate the accumulation of alkaloids is significantly regulated or modified by HMGR and FPS genes in the MVA pathway, but not by DXR genes in the MEP pathway.]]> 2021/1/7 0:00:00 1, JI Yuanye¹, DONG Lili¹, SHEN Xiaoxia², WANG Zhian², WANG Zhonghua^1*]]> WU Qiuli¹, JI Yuanye¹, DONG Lili¹, SHEN Xiaoxia², WANG Zhian², WANG Zhonghua^1* 49true Camellia tunghinensis seedlings to water stress, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water control time on the physiological and ecological characteristics of C. tunghinensis seedlings. The results were as follows: Net photosynthetic rate(P_n), stomatal conductance(G_s)and transpiration rate(T_r)decreased significantly with the extension of water control time and the aggravation of water stress; The variation trend of intercellular CO₂ concentration(C_i)was low first and then high, and water use efficiency(WUE)was high first and then low. Soil water content and leaf relative water content showed a decreasing trend, malondialdehyde first decreased and then increased; The fluorescence parameters F_v/F_m and F_v/F_o of C. tunghinensis seedlings first increased and then decreased continuously, from 0.806 to 0.754 and 4.17 to 3.08, respectively, which showed that water stress reduced PS Ⅱprimary light energy conversion efficiency, impaired the potential activity of PS Ⅱ, and inhibited the primary reaction process of photosynthesis. Based on the above changes of physiological and ecological indexes of water stress and biological characters of leaves,C. tunghinensis could improve its own water use efficiency to resist drought in the case of water control time of 4 d, indicating that seedlings had certain adaptability and response mechanism to water stress. In 8-12 d, the photosynthetic indexes of C. tunghinensis decreased significantly, and soil water content decreased to 14.157%-15.065%, which leaf wilting, curl, and lower than this level seedlings will die due to excessive drought, indicating that the tolerance limit of C. tunghinensis seedlings to water stress was 14.157%-15.065% of soil water content. The results of the study are helpful to the establishment of a suitable environment to ensure the normal growth and reproduction of C. tunghinensis, which is of important scientific significance to the conservation, cultivation and return to nature.]]> 2021/1/7 9:45:01 *]]> TANG Jianmin, CHAI Shengfeng, ZOU Rong, CHEN Zongyou, SHI Yancai, JIANG Yunsheng, WEI Xiao^* 48true AC2 gene of the Saudi tomato yellow leaf curl virus by bioinformatics. In this study, primary structure, secondary structure, phosphate site, glycosylation site, tertiary structure and important functions of the protein encoded by AC2 gene in tomato were predicted and analyzed by online software. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by maximal likelihood method for the encoded protein sequences of AC2 genes from different species for phylogenetic analysis. The results were as follows: The AC2 gene encoded a total of 135 amino acids in tomato, and the encoded protein belonged to an unstable hydrophilic protein; The secondary structure was dominated by random coil folding, with a ratio of 58.52%; The protein did not have a transmembrane domain, it belonged to non-transmembrane protein and had no signal peptide; The 1-129 amino acid region of this protein was the Gemini_AL2 superfamily domain; The phylogenetics and plant taxonomy were basically the same, and the relationship between Saudi tomato yellow leaf curl virus AC2 gene and the South African cassava is recent. The analysis of the structure and function of the encoded protein provides a basis for further understanding of the AC2 geminivirus gene family, and provides a feasible approach for tomato disease resistance in pest control.]]> 2021/1/7 9:45:01 *, WANG Baoqiang, FENG Yue, ZHAO Yaodong]]> ZHU Xiaolin, WEI Xiaohong^*, WANG Baoqiang, FENG Yue, ZHAO Yaodong 47true 3 stress on the morphological indices and photosynthetic parameters of purple root Eichhornia crassipes, we used purple root E. crassipes as material, treated the adult purple root E. crassipes with different concentrations of the alkaline salt NaHCO₃ solution, and determined the morphological indices of purple root E. crassipes, including plant height, root length, root-shoot ratio, biomass, water content, and photosynthetic parameters of purple root E. crassipes, including net photosynthetic rate(P_n), intercellular CO₂ concentration(C_i), transpiration rate(T_r)and stomatal conductance(G_s). The results were as follows: The pH value of the water solution of purple root E. crassipes at 20 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃ concentration was the most gentle; In low concentration of alkaline salt NaHCO₃ solution(≤40 mmol·L^-1), compared with CK, the morphological indices of purple root E. crassipes showed an increase or no significant effect, while in high concentration alkaline salt NaHCO₃ solution(≥60 mmol·L^-1), with the increase of NaHCO₃ concentration, the morphological indices of purple root E. crassipes decreased significantly, and there was a negative correlation with the concentration of NaHCO₃; NaHCO₃ stress had a significant effect on the photosynthetic parameters of purple root E. crassipes, with the increase of the alkaline salt NaHCO₃ concentration and the extension of experimental treatment time, the P_n of purple root E. crassipes showed a continuously decrease trend, and C_i, T_r and G_s generally showed a continuously increase trend, and non-stomatal restriction was the main way to restrict photosynthesis in the purple root E. crassipes. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the purple root E. crassipes has a certain resistance to NaHCO₃, and the purple root E. crassipes can normally survive in water environment with an alkali concentration of no more than 40 mmol·L^-1 NaHCO₃, and the purple root E. crassipes can improve the pH value of water bodies in the low alkaline salt NaHCO₃ concentrations.]]> 2021/1/7 9:45:01 *]]> CHENG Beibei, CHEN Shengyan, YUE Liran^* 46true HbCOI1, HbJAZ1, HbJAZ2, HbJAZ3, HbMYC1, HbMYC2, HbMYC3, HbMYC4, HbMYC5 and six rubber biosynthesis genes, HbHRT2, HbSRPP, HbREF, HbHMGR1, HbHRT1, HbGAPDH, in laticifer cells of five Wichham germplasms and five 1981'IRRDB germplasms following tapping them with S/2D d3 tapping system, Hb18S was used as internal reference gene. The correlation between these 15 genes was analyzed through Pearson correlation coefficient. The bivariate correlation coefficient(r12)and partial correlation coefficient(r12.3)of 105 gene pairs were obtained with the mean ± standard deviation of 0.486 ± 0.220 and 0.304 ± 0.211, respectively. Among them, 63 gene pairs(60%)with r12 in the same direction as r12.3 and 42 genes pairs(40%)in the opposite direction; In the degree of correlation, 23 gene pairs(21.905%)with | r12 | less than | r12.3 |, and 82 gene pairs(78.095%)with | r12 | greater than | r12.3 |. There 76 gene pairs(72.38%)bivariate correlation coefficient(r12)were significant correlation at P<0.05 level and 59 gene pairs(56.19%)at P<0.01 level. In contrast, there less partial correlation coefficient(r12.3)were significant correlation at P<0.05 level(21pairs, 20%)and P<0.01 level(16 pairs, 15.24%). These results suggested that the expression of genes involved in these two pathways were related to each other, which provides a further evidence for the assumption that “expression correlation of functional related genes”, which is widely adopted in gene expression profile analysis. It can be used for excavating, screening and predicting unknown genes related to rubber biosynthesis, as well as provides a theoretical basis for studying the molecular regulation mechanism of rubber yield formation in Hevea brasiliensis.]]> 2021/1/7 9:45:02 1, YANG Xiuguang², ZHAO Yue³, SHI Minjing¹, LI Yan¹, DENG Xiaomin¹, CHAO Jinquan¹, TIAN Weimin^1*]]> YANG Shuguang¹, YANG Xiuguang², ZHAO Yue³, SHI Minjing¹, LI Yan¹, DENG Xiaomin¹, CHAO Jinquan¹, TIAN Weimin^1* 45true AP2 gene family encoded proteins in Auxenochlorella protothecoides, in this study, the protein members of AP2 gene family in A. protothecoides are predicted and analyzed in detail by bioinformatics. Eight protein members of the AP2 family of A. protothecoides were analyzed by online tools such as PrtoParam, Pfam 3.20 and Protscale and so on. The results were as follows: Amino acids numbers of the family members were 247(XP_011395646.1)to 715(XP_011401904.1), the maximum theoretical isoelectric point was 9.39(XP_011396011.1), and the minimum was 5.81(XP_011398158.1); The positions and numbers of conserved domains in each member of the family were different; All protein members had no signal peptide, did not contain transmembrane helix, and did not have transmembrane region; The maximum hydrophilicity value of the protein members was -3.222(XP_011398158.1), and the maximum hydrophobicity value was 2.333(XP_011401904.1), and the average hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity values of all members were less than 0; The values of many phosphorylation sites in the members were far beyond the standard value of 0.5, and the maximum value of phosphorylation site was 0.998; The component content of secondary structures of protein members in the gene family was arranged in the order of random coil > alpha-helix > extended strand > β-turn; and it is speculated that alpha-helix and random coil are the main modes of its secondary structure, while extended strand and β-turn are dispersed in the amino acid chain of all protein members; Alpha-helix, β-sheet, β-turn, N-terminal and C-terminal were observed in tertiary structure of all members; Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ostreococcus tauri was the most distant relative to Auxenochlorella protothecoides, the closest relatives were Chlorella variabilis NC64A and Helicosporidium, and the next closest relatives were Picochlorum sp. SENEW3 among the other 15 species. This study systematically analyzed the physicochemical properties, conserved motifs and phylogenetic relationships of AP2 protein family in Auxenochlorella protothecoides. It provides a reference for further study on the function and interaction of AP2 transcription factors in A. protothecoides.]]> 2021/1/7 9:45:02 1,2*, TANG Yi1,2, JIANG Na3, YANG Yaojun1,2]]> FU Chun1,2*, TANG Yi1,2, JIANG Na3, YANG Yaojun1,2 44true RgCDPK gene was cloned from Rehmannia glutinosa. Meanwhile, the bioinformatics analysis was used the online software, quantitative real-time PCR technique was used to detect RgCDPK expression level in different tissues. The results were as follows:(1)The full-length cDNA sequence of RgCDPK gene was 1 770 bp and encoded 589 amino acid residues;(2)Multiple sequence alignments and structural analysis revealed that its protein contained serine/threonine protein kinase region and EF-hand region, which were typical domains of calcium-dependent protein kinase. Phylogenetic analysis showed the highest similarity with Arabidopsis AtCDPK28. Thus, the gene was defined as RgCDPK(Genbank accession No. MT024235);(3)The expression analysis of RgCDPK in different tissues revealed that high transcript levels occurred at leaves. In this study, the CDPK gene of R. glutinosa was successfully cloned, and the expression of the gene in different tissues was found to be different. The results of this study provide theoretical basis for further study on the function of CDPK in biotic, abiotic stresses and continuous cropping obstacles.]]> 2021/1/7 9:45:02 1,3, SONG Xiaofeng^1,3, ZHU Yunhao^2*]]> YUAN Zengyan^1,3, SONG Xiaofeng^1,3, ZHU Yunhao^2* 43true 2021/9/29 14:12:47 *, LU Ruijie, LEI Zhiyu]]> LI Suli, LIANG Xiaoying, WEI Benhui, HUANG Jinling, LI Zhigang^*, LU Ruijie, LEI Zhiyu 42true Pinus yunnanensis, which can be used as potential tree species for the construction of P. yunnanensis hybrid forest. The six broad-leaved tree species were Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii, Quercus acutissima, Celtis kunmingensis, Cinnamomum camphora, Michelia&#215;alba and Camellia japonica. The results were as follows:(1)Water extracts from the leaves of four broad-leaved tree species, namely Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii, Quercus acutissima, Celtis kunmingensis and Camellia japonica had promoting effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus yunnanensis when at low concentrations, but showed inhibitory effects on them at high concentrations.(2)In the tested concentrations, the water extracts from leaves of Michelia&#215;alba and Cinnamomum camphora had exhibited inhibitory effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus yunnanensis. In conclusion, six species of broad-leaved trees reflected different sensitivities to allelopathic effects of P. yunnanensis. At low concentrations, water extracts from leaves of Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii, Quercus acutissima, Celtis kunmingensis and Camellia japonica had promoting effects on the growth of Pinus yunnanensis, while water extracts from leaves of Michelia&#215;alba and Cinnamomum camphora had inhibiting effects. Thus, in combination with silviculture techniques, Alnus ferdinandi-coburgii, Quercus acutissima, Celtis kunmingensis can be selected to construct Pinus yunnanensis insect-resistant mixed forest.]]> 2021/9/29 14:12:47 1, TANG Shaorong², YANG Bin³, ZHAO Ning^1,3*]]> MAO Xiangzhong¹, TANG Shaorong², YANG Bin³, ZHAO Ning^1,3* 41true Quercus wutaishanica seedlings planted in greenhouse pots. The results were as follows:(1)The shoot height(SH), basal stem diameter(BSD), leaf number(LN), leaf area per plant(LAPP), total dry mass(TDM), and root-shoot ratio(RSR)of Q. wutaishanica seedlings germinated from large seeds were higher than those of seedlings from small seeds in all treatments of cotyledon excision. There were significant differences in all above parameters, with the exception of SH, among seedlings from large and small seeds, on which cotyledons were lightly excised(P<0.05). Moreover, TDM of the former was significantly higher than that of the latter for the medium cotyledon excision(P<0.05). Also, higher specific leaf area(SLA)and specific root length(SRL)of seedlings from large seeds than those from small seeds were observed in all treatments of cotyledon excisions, while the specific shoot length(SSL)was detected in reverse.(2)With the intensity of cotyledon excision increasing, SH, BSD, LN, LAPP and TDM of seedlings from both large and small seeds appeared a trend of decline. SH, BSD, LN and LAPP of seedlings emerged from high cotyledon excision seeds were significantly lower than those of seedlings from control and light cotyledon excision seeds(P<0.05). Higher sensitivity to cotyledon excision was found in seedlings from small seeds than from large seeds, and SH, LN, LAPP and TDM of seedlings originated from small seeds, of which cotyledons were mediumly excised were also lower than those of seedlings from control seeds(P<0.05). RSR increased with the intensity of cotyledon excision increasing, and they were markedly higher in seedlings from seeds, regardless of whether they were large or small sized, mediumly and highly excised than those in seedlings from control and light cotyledon excision seeds(P<0.05).(3)With the intensity of cotyledon excision increasing, SLA and SRL gradually increased, while SSL of seedlings emerged from large seeds continuously decreased and the seedlings emerged from small seeds whose cotyledons were lightly excised had the maximum of SSL.]]> 2021/9/29 14:12:47 *, ZHANG Jinfeng]]> ZHU Yating, WANG Jianli, YAN Xingfu^*, ZHANG Jinfeng 40true Melaleuca alternifolia tissue culture seedlings to cold stress, 3-month-old tissue culture seedlings were exposed to low temperatures and then recovered at air temperature, the physiological indexes including chlorophyll(Chl), malondialdehyde(MDA), antioxidant enzymes(SOD, POD, CAT), ascorbic acid(AsA), glutathione(GSH), soluble sugar(SS), soluble protein(SP), free proline(Pro)were examined. The results were as follows:(1)The stress at -5 ℃ for 24 h caused a significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the contents of antioxidants, but an increase in the content of MDA.(2)At 0 ℃, the activities of POD and CAT first rose and then descended, while the contents of AsA and GSH showed an opposite pattern; After 48 h of stress, the activities of protective enzymes significantly increased but the contents of antioxidants decreased.(3)At 10 ℃, the activity of SOD first elevated and then declined; All three osmotic regulators manifested a remarkable elevation after the 48 h of stress. Collectively, the 3-month-old tissue cultures seedlings of M. alternifolia could be lethally injured at -5 ℃, but they were able to survive the low temperature above 0 ℃ by rapidly increasing protective enzyme activities and accumulating osmotic regulators. However, there was a certain difference in mechanisms underlying the response to low temperature stress at 10 ℃ and 0 ℃. The results of this study will help to understand its cold resistance ability and physiological response mechanism, and provide the theoretical basis for rational introduction and large scales of planting.]]> 2021/9/29 14:12:48 1,2, YANG Hong^3,4, ZHANG Ye^1,2, CHEN Bowen^1,2, XIAO Yufei^1,2, QIN Zihai^1,2, LIU Hailong^1,2*]]> ZHANG Xiaoning^1,2, YANG Hong^3,4, ZHANG Ye^1,2, CHEN Bowen^1,2, XIAO Yufei^1,2, QIN Zihai^1,2, LIU Hailong^1,2* 39true Telopea speciosissima ‘Braidwood Brilliant', we used young branches and shoots as explants to reveal the growth characteristics of T. speciosissima ‘Braidwood Brilliant'in in vitro culture and to establish its efficiently regeneration system, by studying the influence of basic medium on plant growth, the effect of hormone type, concentration on proliferation and rooting. The results were as follows: Treating explants with the 0.1% HgCl₂ for 12 min, the explants contaminate rate was 21.5%; The lateral buds germination rate of explants was73% on medium WPM+ZT 1 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1; The optimal multiplication medium was MS + BA 0.4 mg·L^-1+ NAA 0.05 mg·L^-1with 6.63 proliferation coefficient, and the proliferating shoots originating from axillary bud and basic adventitious bud; MS + IBA 0.75 mg·L^-1+ NAA 1 mg·L^-1 was the suitable rooting medium, with 70% rooting rate; The rooting seedlings were transplanted in the substrates [perlite:moss(v:v)=0.5:1] in the greenhouse with light intensity 10 000-12 000 lx, air humidity 70%-80%, and the survival rate of the seedlings was 72% 60 d later. The results provide technological support for commercial production of Telopea speciosissima tissue culture seedlings, and promoted the planting and industrialization of this famous woody cut-flower.]]> 2021/9/29 14:12:48 1,2,3,4, SONG Jie^1,2,3,4, LI Shufa^1,2,3,4, CAI Yanfei^1,2,3,4, QU Suping^1,2,3,4, TIAN Ge⁵, LI Shifeng^1,2,3,4*]]> PENG Lvchun^1,2,3,4, SONG Jie^1,2,3,4, LI Shufa^1,2,3,4, CAI Yanfei^1,2,3,4, QU Suping^1,2,3,4, TIAN Ge⁵, LI Shifeng^1,2,3,4* 38true Med25 gene in the transcription mediator(Med)plays an important regulatory role in many processes, such as tissue development, organogenesis, stress response, and regulation of jasmonate acid(JA)signaling pathway in plants. The Med25 gene sequence was found in the genome of Hevea brasiliensis, and the full-length sequence of HbMed25 gene was cloned by RT-qPCR and RACE technology, and the biological information was predicted and analyzed. The results were as follows: The HbMed25 gene included an open reading frame for 2 655 bp, encoded 884 amino acids, the molecular weight was 95 kD and theoretical isoelectric point was 8.68, hydrophobic protein, and most likely localized in the nucleus in subcellular localization analysis. Real-time PCR analysis results showed that HbMed25 was the most highly expressed in the bark; HbMed25 was up-regulated at the early stage of treatment(1 h and 2-4 h)in the cambium and latex treated by the plant hormone of JA. After tapping, HbMed25 had the highest expression at the early stage of tapping treatment, and up-regulates expression in high-yield rubber clones(CATAS 8-79 and CATAS 7-33-97). All the results indicate that HbMed25 is highly likely to participate in the regulation of the JA signal pathway, and it plays a role in promoting the molecular regulation mechanism of JA-induced secondary laticifer differentiation.]]> 2021/9/29 14:12:48 1, WU Shaohua1, YANG Shuguang1, CHAO Jinquan1, LI Zhaodi1,2, TIAN Weimin1*]]> ZHANG Shixin1, WU Shaohua1, YANG Shuguang1, CHAO Jinquan1, LI Zhaodi1,2, TIAN Weimin1* 37true WOX gene family is a kind of transcription factor peculiar to plants, and plays an important regulatory role in the critical stages of plant development, such as embryo formation, stem cell stability and organ formation. In order to explore the molecular basis of WOX transcription factors regulating the growth and development of Actinidia chinensis, the physical and chemical characteristics, subcellular localization and signal peptide of 16 WOX transcription factors in A. chinensis were analyzed by ProtParam,Cell-PLoc2.0,SignalP4.1 Server online software in detail in this study. The results were as follows:(1)The amino acid number of all protein members of WOX transcription factors in A. chinensis ranged from 138 to 371, with molecular weight ranging from 16.222 to 42.185 kD, all of which were unstable hydrophilic proteins located in nucleus.(2)The 16 WOX protein members of A. chinensis belonged to Homodomain superfamily, only Achn362451 was secreted protein, and only Achn362451 and Achn141001 had transmembrane regions.(3)The potential phosphorylation sites of most WOX members were located in serine site.(4)The secondary structure of WOX proteins was mainly random coil, followed by α-helix.(5)Conservative motifs analysis results showed that all 16 WOX protein members of A. chinensis contained motif1.(6)Phylogenetic analysis results showed that the genetic relationship between A. chinensis and Ananas comosus was the closest, and that between Actinidia chinensis and Solanum lycopersicum was the farthest.(7)The results of transcriptome analysis in different stages of fruit ripening process of Actinidia chinensis showed that four members of the WOX gene family, Achn131681, Achn145561, Achn336591, Achn362451, were highly expressed on 20, 120, 127 d after pollination, while those of the other 12 WOX gene members were low or even not expressed. This study provides a reference basis for further study on the molecular mechanism of WOX transcription factors in the growth and development of A. chinensis.]]> 2021/9/29 14:12:48 1,2*, HUANG Chunli^1,2, JIANG Na³, YANG Yaojun^1,2]]> FU Chun^1,2*, HUANG Chunli^1,2, JIANG Na³, YANG Yaojun^1,2 36true HSF in stress tolerance and post-harvest storage of Manihot esculenta, M. esculenta cv. SC124 was used as cloning material. In this study, a HSF gene designated MeHSF10 was isolated from M. esculenta leaves through RT-PCR method. The results were as follows:(1)The full-length cDNA of MeHSF10 was 1 098 bp, encoded a polypeptide of 365 amino acid residues with a predicted relative molecular mass of 40.7 kD and an isoelectric point of 8.15. Subcellular localization of MeHSF10 was predicted as nuclear localization. Multiple protein sequence alignment showed that MeHSF10 shared a significant degree of sequence similarity with other HSF proteins in Jatropha curcas(80.31%)and Hevea brasiliensis(90.54%). The protein sequence of MeHSF10 contained conserved motifs of the HSF family, such as DNA Binding Domain(DBD), HR-A Core, HR-B Core, insert sequence, and nuclear localization sequence signal(NLS), these results suggested that MeHSF10 isolated from M. esculenta was a genuine member of the HSFC family.(2)In order to analyze the expression profiles of MeHSF10 gene in M. esculenta, the expression data of eleven M. esculenta tissues/organ types were analyzed, and the result showed that MeHSF10 gene expressed in all eleven M. esculenta tissues, and the highest expression of MeHSF10 was in leaf.(3)Results of promoter element analysis revealed that MeHSF10 contained drought-induced motif(MBS), ABA responsive motif(ABRE), and several light-responsive motifs.(4)The transcriptome data results also showed that MeHSF10 was upregulated by drought stress and ABA treatment. The expression of MeHSF10 was also induced in M. esculenta post-harvest physiological deterioration(PPD)process. All the above results indicate that MeHSF10 may be involved in ABA mediated drought stress response, and that MeHSF10 is also related with PPD and may operate mainly through ROS-regulated gene networks. Therefore, these results offered critical basic knowledge for future gene function analysis of MeHSF10 in stress tolerance and post-harvest storage of Manihot esculenta.]]> 2021/9/29 14:12:48 1, ZHANG Yanqiu¹, CHEN Liping¹, WU Chunlai², HU Wei^2*]]> ZENG Jian¹, ZHANG Yanqiu¹, CHEN Liping¹, WU Chunlai², HU Wei^2* 35true Pinus massoniana seedling growth, but the nitrogen demand, especially different nitrgen forms of nitrogen demand are not clear until now. In this study, four N levels, i.e. 2, 4, 8 and 16 mmol·L^-1 were respectively set for each of two N forms(nitrate N, NO₃^--N; ammonium N, NH₄⁺-N), and no N supply was used as the control using the matrix culture method. Variations for growth of plant height and basal diameter, root configuration parameters(RC), including total root length, total surface area, total volume, average diameter and the total number of root tip), and biomass of tissue cultured seedlings of P. massoniana were investigated exposed to N treatments. The results were as follows:(1)Under the treatment of 2 to 8 mmol·L^-1 NO₃^--N, plant height(H), basal diameter(D), RC and biomass(B)were not lower than that under the control except for ratios of root to shoot biomass(RRS), and the best growth performance of seedlings was observed at the 2 mmol·L^-1, where H, D, RC and B were higher than that at the control. However, H, total root length(RL)and number of root tips(NR)were lower under the treatment of 16 mmol·L^-1 NO₃^--N compared with the control.(2)In the range of 2 to 16 mmol·L^-1 tested levels, NH₄⁺-N supply caused the reduced RRS, while H, D, RC and B were not decreased in comparison to the control without NH₄⁺-N addition. In general, the optimal growth results were investigated at the 4 mmol·L^-1 of NH₄⁺-N.(3)There was no significant differences in RRS between NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-N within a N supply level, while the growth of seedlings was better under NH₄⁺-N treatment than that under NO₃^--N treatment, except for the observed similar values of total root surface area(RS)and NR between NO₃^--N and NH₄⁺-N treatments at 2 mmol·L^-1 level. This indicated that P. massoniana preferred to absorb and utilize NH₄⁺-N. In summary, it was initially concluded that the application of exogenous NO₃^-N and NH₄⁺-N were all able to promote growth of tissue cultured seedlings in P. massoniana on the assumption of controlling the applied concentration of N at optimal level. The best promotive effects of N on seedling growth were found at 2 mmol·L^-1 level of NO₃^--N and 4 mmol·L^-1 level of NH₄⁺-N, respectively. High supply level of NO₃^--N was prohibitive to the development of shoot and root. Furthermore, the promotive effect of NO₃^--N to seedling growth was weaker in contrast with that of NH₄⁺-N in the case of equal fertilization level. Hence, the application of NH₄⁺-N fertilizer should be considered in the future cultivation of P. massoniana seedlings.]]> 2021/7/5 15:46:28 *]]> WANG Yin, YAO Ruiling^* 34true Hemerocallis minor to be able to select good salt-tolerant plants and alleviate the problem of soil salinization. Using a sand culture method, we analyzed how different concentrations of NaCl stress(0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mmol·L^-1)influence the growth characteristics, cytoplasmic membrane permeability, and organic osmotic adjustment substance content. The results were as followers:(1)The damage to H. minor began at an exposure of 100-150 mmol·L^-1 of NaCl, but did not affect survival. Growth was significantly inhibited at concentrations above 200 mmol·L^-1. Side effects at this concentration included: root system underdeveloping, damaged leaves, and insufficient dry matter accumulation, which seriously affected plant survival status.(2)Under 50-150 mmol·L^-1 of NaCl stress, the cell membrane permeability and MDA content increased slightly. NaCl stress at this concentration range causes limite amounts membrane lipid damage. NaCl stress above 200 mmol·L^-1 makes it impossible to maintain ion balance and the selective permeability of the membrane is lost.(3)we found that as the concentration of NaCl increases, the content of proline in the leaves increased significantly. Under 50-100 mmol·L^-1 of NaCl stress, the soluble sugar content increased at the initial stage of stress, and reached its maximum on 15 d. Soluble sugar content began to decrease at a later period and the soluble protein content in the leaves changed more slowly. This indicated that the main osmotic adjustment substance in H. minor was not soluble protein. Studies have found that H.minor can alleviate salt damage to plants by improving cell membrane permeability and promoting the synthesis of organic osmotic adjustment substances. This allows for H. minor to grow normally in saline-alkali soil under 50-100 mmol·L^-1.]]> 2021/7/5 15:46:28 1, ZHOU Ying¹, YU Minghua², WANG Chengzhong¹, QIAN Jianlin^1*]]> GENG Xiaodong¹, ZHOU Ying¹, YU Minghua², WANG Chengzhong¹, QIAN Jianlin^1* 33true Stylosanthes guianensis were studied, and the tolerance of S. guianensis to phosphorus concentration was evaluated. Using 12 different genotypes of Stylosanthes species as the material, seven phosphate fertilizer gradients were set up, 0.2, 0.1, 0.075, 0.050, 0.035, 0.02 g·kg^-1, respectively, with no phosphate fertilizer as a control, and the fertilization experiment was carried out by potting method. The responses of different morphological indexes of different Stylosanthes species to different phosphorus concentrations and biomass status were compared. Designed to screen out phosphorus-efficient Stylosanthes species. The results were as follows:(1)With the increase of soil phosphorus concentration, the number of branches, plant height and stem diameter increased gradually, and root length decreased gradually, the biomasses of aboveground and underground parts increased.(2)Under the treatments of low phosphorus and high phosphorus, the aboveground biomasses of S. scabra ‘Seca', S. guianensis ‘COOK' were less than 9.64 g·plant^-1(taking about 2/3 of the highest biomass in the test materials as the critical line), which were phosphorus-inefficient Stylosanthes species; The aboveground biomasses of S. hamataev.verano, S. guianensis ‘GC1463' were higher than 9.64 g·plant^-1, which were phosphorus-efficient Stylosanthes species; The aboveground biomasses of S. guianensis ‘Oxley', S. guianensis TRPC90072, S. guianensis ‘Graham', S. guianensis ‘Endeavour', S. guianensis ‘Reyan No.5', S. capitata, S. guianensis ‘GC1480', S. guianensis ‘GC1576' were less than 9.64 g·plant^-1 under low phosphorus treatment, and the species were higher than 9.64 g·plant^-1 under high phosphorus treatment and were phosphorus-sensitive Stylosanthes species. The soil phosphorus content had a great influence on the morphological indexes of Stylosanthes species, and the phosphorus-efficient Stylosanthes species had strong adaptability to the low-phosphorus soil environment.]]> 2021/7/5 15:46:28 *]]> LIU Jinfeng, CHEN Dafei, DUAN Xinhui, ZHOU Kai, ZHAO Xiaoxue, LUO Fucheng, WEN Yifu^* 32true Rhododendron is later than common species, and it has high ornamental and research values. Therefore, it has been widely used in garden planting and landscaping as a horticultural variety. With the increasing requirement of tourism and rapid economic development, it is extremely urgent to develop and utilize the resources of late flower Rhododendron. Germination rate of late flowering Rhododendron is relatively low under natural conditions. Therefore, in order to improve the germination rate of late flower Rhododendron and explore the effects of different concentrations of GA₃ on the germination of five species of late flower Rhododendron, we took the seeds of five species late flower Rhododendron(R. maculatum, R. decorum, R. annae, R. stamineum and R. jiulongshanense)as experimental materials, and soaked the five species seeds of late flower Rhododendron in GA₃ with different concentrations(0, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 mg·L^-1 )for 24 h, furthermore, germination index, germination potential, germination rate and seedling percentage of them have been determined. Meanwhile, the optimum concentration of GA₃ for germination of five species of Rhododendron seeds was determined, and we also compared the germination rates of five species of late flower Rhododendron seeds. The results were as follows:(1)A certain concentration of GA₃ promoted the germination of five species seeds of late flower Rhododendron. In addition, the germination indexes, germination potentials, germination rates and seedling rates of five species seeds of Rhododendron at a certain concentration of GA₃ were significantly higher than those of the control, and the germination time lag, germination peak period and sustained germination lasting time were relatively shorter than those of the control.(2)Germination indicators of the seeds of R. stamineum, R. annae and R. jiulongshanense were relatively higher when treated with 600 mg·L^-1; and the germination rate of R. stamineum seeds was relatively higher when soaked with 700 mg·L^-1 GA₃; The germination rate of R. maculatum was higher when treated with 400 and 700 mg·L^-1 GA₃. To sum up, the GA₃ treatment can be extensively used to improve seed germination rate and shorten the germination time in the cultivation of late flower Rhododendron.]]> 2021/7/5 15:46:28 1,3, DENG Zhifen³, LONG Yuting³, MENG Junxia³, LIU Jie^2,3*, YI Yin^1,2]]> CHEN Ting^1,3, DENG Zhifen³, LONG Yuting³, MENG Junxia³, LIU Jie^2,3*, YI Yin^1,2 31true Manglietia patungensis are difficult to regenerate naturally, and seedlings or saplings are rarely found under the forest. To explore the tolerance of seed germination and the growth period of bud seedlings under drought stress, we used the seeds of M. patungensis with different mass concentrations of polyethylene glycol(PEG-6000)to analyze the effects of drought stress on seed germination, sprout growth and related physiological and biochemical indexes under different simulate drought treatments. The results were as follows:(1)The concentration of PEG solution had a significant impact on seed germination and sprout growth of M. patungensis(P <0.05). The germination and survival rate gradually decreased with the increase of PEG mass concentration. When the PEG mass concentration was more than 301 g·L^-1, seed germination was inhibited, and the germination time was significantly delayed.(2)The chlorophyll content of M. patungensis buds decreased gradually with the increase of the degree of drought stress; the content of soluble protein and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)enzyme increased and then decreased; While the contents of proline(Pro), malondialdehyde(MDA)and the activities of peroxide(POD)and ascorbate perixide(APX)enzyme increased. In summary, the water demand for seed germination and bud growth of M. patungensis is obvious. Although it can adapt to a certain degree of drought stress through osmotic adjustment and increase protective enzyme activity, it is necessary to prevent drought damage in the breeding process. The research provides a theoretical basis for seed reproduction and regeneration of M. patungensis, and contributes to the population expansion.]]> 2021/7/5 15:46:28 1,2, HUANG Ting¹, CHEN Fajv¹, LIANG Hongwei¹, WANG Yubing^1*]]> WANG Yimin^1,2, HUANG Ting¹, CHEN Fajv¹, LIANG Hongwei¹, WANG Yubing^1* 30true Liriodendron tulipifera, the full-length sequence of the LtuFPPS1 gene was cloned by RACE technology and analyzed by bioinformatics using the transcriptome data of L. tulipifera, by designing specific primers. The results were as follows:(1)The length of LtuFPPS1 gene was 1 460 bp and ORF was 1 056 bp, coding 351 amino acids. The protein molecular weight was 40 589.45 D, the isoelectric point was 5.19, and the instability coefficient was 43.50, which was classified as unstable protein. The protein encoded by the LtuFPPS1 gene was an unstable hydrophilic protein that was localized to mitochondria and contains no signal peptide. It had a characteristic domain of isoprenoid compound synthase, and the secondary structure of amino acid sequence was mainly α-helix.(2)The phylogenetic tree and homologous sequence analysis showed that the LtuFPPS1 protein of L. tulipifera was more closely related to the FPPS protein of Michelia chapensis.(3)The results of tissue expression analysis revealed that the LtuFPPS1 gene was the most highly expressed in the pistil of L. tulipifera, and its order was pistil > flower bud > stem > stamen > sepal > leaf > petal > root. Based on this, it is speculated that terpenoid metabolites are relatively more synthesized in flower organs. In summary, the LtuFPPS1 gene is a terpene synthase gene, which can provide some theoretical help for exploring the synthesis of terpenoids in L. tulipifera from the molecular level.]]> 2021/7/5 15:46:28 1,2, LIU Huanhuan1,2, ZONG Yaxian1,2, LI Huogen1,2*]]> ZHANG Chengge1,2, LIU Huanhuan1,2, ZONG Yaxian1,2, LI Huogen1,2* 29true Fagopyrum tataricum ‘Diqing' and F. tataricum ‘Heifeng 1', we took F. tataricum ‘Diqing' and F. tataricum ‘Heifeng 1' as the experimental materials, artificial water control was carried out in the pot experiment to study the effects of drought stress on the two kinds of F. tataricum growth and physiological characteristics in seedling, blooming and mature stages. The results were as follows:(1)Drought stress significantly affected the growth of the two kinds of F. tataricum, especially for plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot-leaf dry weight, root volume, root surface area, root average diameter, root dry weight, root activity, soluble protein content. These indexes are significantly lower than those in the control group. However, the contents of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), malondialdehyde(MDA)and free proline content in root system were significantly higher than those in control group. Fagopyrum tataricum ‘Diqing' had better performance than F. tataricum ‘Heifeng 1' under drought stress.(2)The effects of drought stress on the two kinds of F. tataricum at different growth stages were blooming stage > seedling stage > mature stage. Drought stress at blooming stage had the greatest effect on shoot-leaf dry weight. Compared with the control group, shoot-leaf dry weight of F. tataricum ‘Diqing' and F. tataricum ‘Heifeng 1' decreased by 44.47% and 51.04% respectively. It can be concluded that drought affects the growth of these two kinds of F. tataricum, and the greatest impact on the growth of these two kinds of F. tataricum at blooming stage; while under drought stress, drought-tolerant F. tataricum ‘Diqing' grows better and is less affected. Therefore, in the production practice, it is necessary to timely supply water to F. tataricum at blooming stage.]]> 2021/7/5 15:46:28 2, PEI Hongbin^1,2*, ZHANG Yongqing^2,3, YANG Tian², YANG Qian²]]> DONG Fuhui², PEI Hongbin^1,2*, ZHANG Yongqing^2,3, YANG Tian², YANG Qian² 28true Physcomitrella patens, we identified and analyzed members of the LysM-type receptor kinase gene family of P. patens, using bioinformatics and preliminarily discussed the relationship between LYK gene structure, evolution and function by analyzing the basic physical information, gene structure, chromosomal location and phylogenetic relationship of the LYK family members. The results were as follows:(1)There were 21 LYK genes in the moss, the amino acid sequence size ranged from 625 to 755 aa, the molecular weight ranges from 69.54 to 82.02 kDa, and the isoelectric point ranged from 5.98 to 7.78.(2)A phylogenetic tree was constructed by combining all the LYK proteins of P. patens with the LYK proteins of three typical model plants(Rice, Arabidopsis, and Medicago truncatula). All LYK proteins were divided into four subgroups(LYK-I, LYK- Ⅱ, LYR-I and LYR-Ⅱ). The genetic structure and conserved domain characteristics of the members in each subgroup of P. patens showed relatively similar characteristics, and it was speculated that they might have the same or similar functions.(3)Chromosome mapping found that 21 LYK genes were concentrated on four chromosomes and there were small gene clusters, which may also be related to gene function. This article analyzed the basic information of the LysM receptor-like protein kinase gene family of P. patens, which can lay the foundation for the in-depth study of the physiological and biochemical functions of its LYK gene family members.]]> 2021/7/5 15:46:28 1, XIN Jiankang¹, JIANG Shan^2*]]> GAO Mei¹, XIN Jiankang¹, JIANG Shan^2* 27true LcSAI by bioinformatics, and analyzed the expression of LcSAI in different tissues and fruits at different developmental stages of Litchi chinesis ‘Feizixiao' by using qRT-PCR. The results were as follows:(1)The acid invertase of litchi fruit was a hydrophilic unstable protein localized to vacuole, and there was no signal peptide. The secondary structure of the protein mainly consisted of irregularly coiled and extended chain members, which were scattered throughout the protein.(2)LcSAI contained a transmembrane region at the N-terminus, including two conserved domains, the N-terminal Pfam DUF3357 domain and the Glyco_32 domain, belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase gene family 32 superfamily. Phylogenetic evolution indicated LcSAI homology with the longan acid invertase gene, the LcSAI expression levels were male flower > root > young stem > seed > young leaf > female flower > peel >mature leaf; the expression of LcSAI in different stages of fruit development was specific, LcSAI expression reached a peak in the second week, then LcSAI expression dropped sharply in the third week, gradually increased in the fourth and fifth weeks, and decreased to a minimum in the eighth week of fruit development. This study provides a theoretical reference for further study of the mechanism of LcSAI fruit acid invertase gene regulation of sucrose metabolism pathway.]]> 2021/7/5 15:46:28 *]]> DONG Chen, WEI Yongzan, WANG Yi, ZHENG Xuewen, LI Weicai^* 26true FmMYBL2 gene was cloned in Fraxinus mandshurica, and its structure and expression characteristics were analyzed using bioinformatics and a phylogenetic tree of FmMYBL2 was constructed. Low temperature, salt and hormone molecules(including ABA, IAA, GA₃, JA, SA)were used to induce F. mandshurica seedlings. Samples were taken at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. Quantitative analysis of FmMYBL2 gene in the treated samples. The temporal and spatial expression characteristics of FmMYBL2 were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)The FmMYBL2 gene was 762 bp in length and encodes 253 amino acids.(2)FmMYBL2 encoded a hydrophilic protein. Amino acid sequence alignment showed that it was closely related to Gossypium hirsutum.(3)Quantitative fluorescence analysis showed that FmMYBL2 gene responded to low temperature and salt stress. At the same time, ABA, IAA, GA₃, JA and SA jointly regulated the expression of FmMYBL2 gene.(4)The gene expression was the highest under low temperature treatment for 1 h and salt stress for 48 h. After hormone induction, the expression of this gene fluctuates continuously, but it can respond quickly in a short time.(5)Expression of this gene was observed in roots, buds, flowers and seeds and the male flowers had the highest expression. The results of this study provide reference for further studying the function of MYBL2 gene and the regulation of stress resistance of Fraxinus mandshurica.]]> 2021/7/5 15:46:28 1, YU Lei^1,2, HAN Zhaojun³, ZHANG Zhenfeng³, ZHANG Xu^1,2, LIU Zhang^1,2, ZHAN Yaguang^1,2*]]> HAN Danyu¹, YU Lei^1,2, HAN Zhaojun³, ZHANG Zhenfeng³, ZHANG Xu^1,2, LIU Zhang^1,2, ZHAN Yaguang^1,2* 25true E)-butenyl-4-diphosphate reductase(HDR)is a key enzyme in the synthesis of terpenoids. In order to explore the relationship between the expression of Gentiana rigescens HDR(GrHDR)gene and contents of gentiopicroside under different light conditions, the cDNA from the leaves of G. rigescens was used as template, the GrHDR gene sequence was obtained by PCR and TA cloning technologies, and then bioinformatics analysis and tissue expression analysis were carried out. Finally, high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)was used to determine the contents of gentiopicroside, and the expression of GrHDR gene were compared to the contents of gentiopicroside. The results were as follows:(1)The GrHDR gene(GenBank accession number: KJ917165.1)was 1 398 bp in length and encodes 465 amino acids, its putative protein was hydrophilic and stable, the relative molecular mass was 52 281.25 Da, and the theoretical isoelectric point was 5.32.(2)The putative protein that belonged to the LYTB protein family may be located on the chloroplast and had no signal peptide, and its secondary structure was mainly composed of α-helix(45.16%), β-turn(6.24%), random coil(33.98%), and extended chain(14.62%).(3)The GrHDR protein sequence had the highest similarity to the HDR protein of the G. macrophylla(95.71%).(4)The results of real-time PCR showed that the expression levels of GrHDR gene in G. rigescens were in the order of root > leaf > stem, its tissue expressions were significantly different under the condition of 10%, 30% and 100% of full-light.(5)The results of HPLC showed that the contents of gentiopicroside under different light conditions were in the order of root > leaf > stem; among them, the content of gentiopicroside in root(7.141%)under 100% of full light, which was about twice that of 30% and 10% of full light, but the results were not completely consistent with the GrHDR gene expression pattern under the same light condition. This study provides references for explaining the function of HDR gene and its relationship with gentiopicroside.]]> 2021/7/5 15:46:28 1,2, CAI Chuantao^1*, ZHANG Ji^1,2,3]]> DU Bo^1,2, CAI Chuantao^1*, ZHANG Ji^1,2,3 24true Gynostemma pentaphyllum were analyzed in this study. Fluorescence quantitative PCR was employed to test the expression levels of GpFPS, GpSS and GpSE, key enzyme genes in saponin biosynthesis pathway in different organs of G. pentaphyllum treated with ethephon, while spectrophotometry and HPLC were used to assay the contents of total gypenoside and saponin monomer Rb₁, Rb₃ and Rd in G. pentaphyllum. The results were as follows:(1)The expression levels of GpFPS, GpSS and GpSE genes were up-regulated by addition of ethephon in different extents, and the expression patterns of these three genes were dissimilar in different organs, but similar in the same organ.(2)The contents of total gypenoside in all organs increased when compared with the control, and those in root, mature leaf and young leaf arrived at significant level 3 d after ethephon treatment; However, the three saponin monomers increased or decreased in organs were inconsistency, with Rb₃ had the highest content. The results provide reference for the research of using plant hormone to regulate the secondary metabolism in G. pentaphyllum.]]> 2021/7/5 15:46:28 1,2, ZHANG Shixin², PAN Fengliu¹, PENG Xiaolie¹, TIAN Weimin^2*, LIU Shibiao^1*]]> WANG Ting^1,2, ZHANG Shixin², PAN Fengliu¹, PENG Xiaolie¹, TIAN Weimin^2*, LIU Shibiao^1* 23true Peganum multisectum is a common plant in arid-desert areas of Northwest China, which has the effects of resisting wind and sand fixation, preventing soil erosion, inhibiting bacteria and insects, and resisting tumor. But the lack of molecular biology research on this plant, such as gene function and metabolic pathway, leads to its underutilization. Here in this study, the transcriptomes of P. multisectum leaves were sequenced by the platform of Illumina. According to the sequencing results, we analyzed splicing, functional annotation, sequence level and expression level of the transcriptome data. Then we obtained a total of 7 723 653 900 bp nucleotide sequence information, assembled 78 641 Unigene sequences and predicted 55 535 CDS sequences. After comparing with several databases, 33 184 NR database annotation information, 31 835 GO database annotation information, 17 206 KOG database Unigene functional classification information and 7 617 KEGG database metabolic pathway annotation information were obtained. In addition, we detected a total of 86 113 single nucleotide polymorphism sites and 6 987 microsatellite information. In this study, transcriptome data of P. multisectum were obtained and analyzed for the first time. These analyses not only shed light on the molecular information of P. multisectum, but also provide a certain reference for the post research, development and utilization of this plant.]]> 2021/5/7 15:45:40 1,2, ZHANG Yu^1,2, YU Jingya^1,2, ZHANG Faqi^1*]]> XIA Mingze^1,2, ZHANG Yu^1,2, YU Jingya^1,2, ZHANG Faqi^1* 22true XTH family genes in different inflorescence treatments, 29 LcXTH family members were identified with ‘Feizixiao' litchi as the experimental material, based on the pre-transcriptome database. The inflorescences of litchi were treated with flower thinning and uniconazole treatment, respectively. Expressions of LcXTH gene family members in different inflorescences were studied by real-time PCR(RT-qPCR), and the response of LcXTH family genes to different inflorescence treatments were analyzed. The results showed that the expressions of LcXTH family members were different in the different flower developmental stages after control, flower thinning treatment and uniconazole treatment, and there are differences in the expression levels of different genes. Among them, members of LcXTH subfamily Ⅲ, LcXTH subfamily Ⅳ(LcXTH2, LcXTH3, LcXTH4, LcXTH5, LcXTH6, LcXTH7, LcXTH9, LcXTH10, LcXTH11, LcXTH12, LcXTH13, LcXTH22 and LcXTH23)and LcXTH20 had higher expression levels, presumably it plays a key role in flower development. LcXTH expression was up-regulated at the 14 d after flower thinning, and we speculated flower thinning had a positive regulation effect on LcXTH. Uniconazole treatment inhibited the expression of LcXTH and negatively regulated LcXTH.]]> 2021/5/7 15:45:40 *]]> DONG Chen, WEI Yongzan, WANG Yi, ZHENG Xuewen, LI Weicai^* 21true CesA gene family for cellulose synthesis, growth and development in Apocynum venetum. Using bioinformatic methods, we conducted systematic identification and molecular characterization of A. venetum CesA gene family which include gene family member identification, structural analysis, protein physicochemical properties and multi-level structure prediction, subcellular localization, signal peptides, evolutionary relationships, cis-acting elements. The results were as follows: Based on whole-genome sequencing, the A. venetum CesA gene family contained 15 members, which were distributed on 8 of the 11 A. venetum chromosomes. These family proteins were encoded by 730-1 158 amino acids, with the molecular weight at 81 280.81-130 123.18 kDa and theoretical isoelectric point at 6.18-8.83. Among these proteins, AvCesA3, AvCesA5, AvCesA7, AvCesA10 and AvCesA11 proteins were stable proteins, the rest of the members were unstable proteins. Except for AvCesA12 protein as a hydrophobic protein, the remaining members were hydropathicity proteins. Members of this family contained 3-14 exons and 8-15 conserved motifs. The encoded proteins were mainly distributed on the plasma membrane and the Golgi apparatus, without a clear signal peptide. The secondary structure was mainly composed of random coils and α-helices. The transmembrane domained and tertiary structure of AvCesA15 protein were significantly different from other members. Evolutionary selection of A. venetum CesA gene was mainly affected by purification selection. The analysis of cis-acting elements in the upstream 1 500 bp region showed that these gene might be regulated by environmental factors such as light, temperature, water, oxygen and plant hormones such as auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, and so on. This study lays a theoretical foundation for further exploring the biological function of CesA gene family and improving fiber quality and variety of A. venetum.]]> 2021/5/7 15:45:40 1,2, LI Guoqi^1,2*, SONG Lixiao^1,2, XIE Boxun^1,2, WANG Yafang^1,2, LIU Xing^1,2]]> XIE Sheng^1,2, LI Guoqi^1,2*, SONG Lixiao^1,2, XIE Boxun^1,2, WANG Yafang^1,2, LIU Xing^1,2 20true GSTs gene family in regulating the growth and development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla and the synthesis of active components, 30 glutathione-S-transferase(PhGSTs)gene family members were identified in P. heterophylla based on hidden Markov model. The results were as follows: 30 PhGSTs genes had both highly conserved N-terminal domain and complex and changeable C-terminal domain, which belonged to six subfamilies and ten motif regions, among which motif 1, motif 2 and motif 3 belonged to all families, motif 4 belonged only to Tua subfamily. There were obvious similarities in the tertiary structure of PhGST protein. The N-terminal mainly consisted of three α helices and four β folds to form βαβαββα domain. The C-terminal consisted of α helices. The number and combination of C-terminal α helices of different subfamilies were different, but the similar three-dimensional structure was always maintained. PhGST gene had different tissue expression specificities in P. heterophylla plants. For example, PhGSTU1, PhGSTU8, PhGSTU9 and other genes were preferentially expressed in the root tuber of P. heterophylla, and PhGSTF2 was preferentially expressed in stems and leaves. Four genes responded positively to drought stress after water stress treatment, and PhGSTZ1 showed the most obvious response. At the same time, four genes were up-regulated with the increase of soil water content, such as PhGSTU8 and PhEFB1γ3. In this paper, 30 PhGST genes were identified and their expression patterns in P. heterophylla were analyzed, which laid a theoretical foundation for the functional research of PhGSTs gene family in physiological processes such as synthesis regulation of active components in P. heterophylla and stress response.]]> 2021/5/7 15:45:40 1, ZHENG Wei², ZHOU Tao^1*, JIANG Weike¹, YANG Changgui¹, XIAO Chenghong¹, ZHOU Taimin¹]]> BI Yan¹, ZHENG Wei², ZHOU Tao^1*, JIANG Weike¹, YANG Changgui¹, XIAO Chenghong¹, ZHOU Taimin¹ 19true Dimocarpus longan Lour.(D. longan), a DlPSY gene identified from D. longan RNA-seq data was screened and analyzed in this research by bioinformatics methods including the primary structure of protein, physicochemical properties, signal peptide, transmembrane structure, subcellular localization, hydrophilicity, protein secondary structure and tertiary structure, coiled coil, protein binding site, phylogenetic tree, as well as protein-protein interaction. In addition, the real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)was applied in this research to analyze the expression pattern of DlPSY gene in root and leaf tissues. The bioinformatics software used in this research included NCBI BLAST, DNAMAN, NCBI CD search, Protparam, SignalP 4.1 Server, TMHMM Server, SOSUI, PSORT, ProtScale, SOPMA, COILS, SWISS-MODEL, MolProbity, 3DLigandSite, and STRING. The bioinformatics analysis results were as follows: The length of the DlPSY gene was 1 260 bp, coding for 420 amino acids; the DlPSY protein was predicted to have ‘Isoprenoid Biosyn C1' superfamily structure, contained a signal peptide, did not contain the transmembrane structure, and was a soluble hydrophilic and secretory protein which was predicted to be located outside the membrane; the DlPSY protein secondary structure was predicted to be mainly composed of α-helix and random coil; the DlPSY protein was predicted to have a coiled coil. The Ramachandran evaluation results showed that the tertiary structure model constructed by SWISS-MODEL was reliable, and its ligand binding sites were 344Phe and 347Lys, respectively. In addition, the expression pattern of the DlPSY gene was analyzed by RT-qPCR, the results of which showed that the DlPSY gene was expressed in roots and leaves of D. longan but with the different expression levels. The expression level of DlPSY gene was higher in leaves than that in roots. The results of this study will enrich our knowledge on PSY gene family and also lay a foundation for further improving the carotenoid content in D. longan by genetic methods.]]> 2021/5/7 15:45:40 1*, SUN Wenwen¹, DONG Xueming¹, ZHANG Qiuying¹, YU Xuefei², CHEN Ning¹]]> ZHENG Wei^1*, SUN Wenwen¹, DONG Xueming¹, ZHANG Qiuying¹, YU Xuefei², CHEN Ning¹ 18true PTS, FPPS, SQLE)expressions of Pogostemon cablin for the JA signal transduction and sesquiterpene synthesis pathways were studies. This would establish a foundation of the molecular mechanisms of MeJA in these two pathways. We treated the leaves of patchouli with 0.10 and 0.25 mmol·L^-1 MeJA respectively and picked them at 0、2、6、12、24、48、72 h after treatments. We used qRT-PCR to detect the key genes expression of JAZ2、MYC2、COI1、PTS、FPPS、SQLE. The results were as follows: 0.10 and 0.25 mmol·L^-1 MeJA promoted the expression of these genes in different degrees, with the most significant effect on JAZ2. The expression levels of JAZ2 increased 13.52-fold after 2 h at 0.10 mmol·L^-1 MeJA treatment and 19.09-fold after 48 h at 0.25 mmol·L^-1 MeJA treatment. There was a significant positive correlation between the key gene JAZ2 in JA signal transduction pathway and FPPS in sesquiterpene synthesis pathway. The above results demonstrated that MeJA promoted the expression of JAZ2, MYC2, COI1, PTS, FPPS, SQLE, and different concentrations of MeJA had different effects on gene expression. JAZ2 was the main gene induced by MeJA in JA signal transduction pathway, which can activate the co-expression of FPPS gene in sesquiterpene synthesis pathway, so as to affect the synthesis of sesquiterpene such as patchouli alcohol.]]> 2021/5/7 15:45:40 1, ZHANG Hongyi^1,2,3, OU Xiaohua¹, LU Changhua¹, HUANG Weizhan¹, YAN Hanjing^1,2,3*]]> DENG Wenjing¹, ZHANG Hongyi^1,2,3, OU Xiaohua¹, LU Changhua¹, HUANG Weizhan¹, YAN Hanjing^1,2,3* 17true Paeonia delavayi, using the RT-PCR technology, a complete open reading frame of PdCAS gene was cloned from Paeonia delavayi for the first time. The full-length cDNA of PdCAS gene was 2 274 bp, encoded 757 amino acids. The PdCAS protein sequence of P. delavayi had more than 86% similarty with the Prunus persica, Prunus yedoensis var. nudiflora and Vitis vinifera. Sequence alignment analysis showed that PdCAS had a typical conserved DCTAE motif of oxidosaualene cyclase and the marker sequence DGSWYGSWGVCFTYG of triterpenoid synthase. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that PdCAS clustered together with CAS proteins of Malus domestica (XP 008391430.1), Pyrus bretschneideri(XP 009370034.1), Rosa chinensis(XP 024193310.1), Prunus yedoensis var. nudiflora(PQQ11009.1)and Prunus persica (XP 007225240.1). PdCAS expressed significantly in different tissues and had the highest transcript profile in flowers. PdCAS was closely related to the synthesis of sterols from Paeonia delavayi.]]> 2021/5/7 15:45:40 1,2, YUAN Xiaolong^1,2, CHEN Zhonghua¹, WANG Yi^1,2*]]> LI Yunqin^1,2, YUAN Xiaolong^1,2, CHEN Zhonghua¹, WANG Yi^1,2* 16true AhBAK1 was responded to aluminum stress. In order to explore the role of AhBAK1 in peanuts under Al stress, the transcriptional changes of AhBAK1 between Al-tolerant cultivar ‘99-1507' and Al-sensitive cultivar ‘ZH2' under Al stress were analyzed. Furthermore, the full-length CDS of AhBAK1 was amplified by RT-PCR and analyzed. The results were as follows: AhBAK1 responded significantly to aluminum treatment, with much higher induced level in ‘99-1507'. Furthermore, the full-length ORF of AhBAK1 was cloned into pMD19T vector, encoding a protein with 625 amino acids and belonging to LRR receptor-like protein kinase family. It was predicted that AhBAK1 had transmembrane and protein kinase catalytic domains, and located in plasm membrane. The recombinant plasmid of pGEX-6p-1-AhBAK1-CD was further introduced into the Rosetta(DE3)to express a 70 kD soluble protein. The purified recombinant protein was verified by Western Blot analysis. The research set a foundation for further study on biological and biochemical functions of AhBAK1.]]> 2021/5/7 15:45:40 1, LI Xia¹, HUANG Shuting¹, Chanthaphoone KEOVONGKOD¹, HE Longfei^1,2,3, ZHAN Jie^1,2,3, WANG Aiqin^1,2,3, XIAO Dong^1,2,3*]]> WEI Li¹, LI Xia¹, HUANG Shuting¹, Chanthaphoone KEOVONGKOD¹, HE Longfei^1,2,3, ZHAN Jie^1,2,3, WANG Aiqin^1,2,3, XIAO Dong^1,2,3* 15true Bletilla striata has a very low natural reproduction rate, and tissue culture is one of the main ways of its seedling reproduction. In order to explore an efficient artificial light environment for improving the quality of B. striata and shortening its seedling time, the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of B. striata seedlings under different light qualities were studied. The results were as follows: Increasing the proportion of blue light(2R1B1G)in the background of red and blue light was conducive to promoting the growth and biomass accumulation of B. striata, and its bulb size was positively correlated with the proportion of red light; The chlorophyll contents and net photosynthetic rate were significantly increased and the development of roots and leaves were accelerated when adding 25% green light(2R1B1G)in the background of red and blue light. All these results indicate that plant height, bult diameter, chlorophyll concent, P_n and root development are all the best under 2R1B1G treatment. Therefore, the light quality 2R1B1G is recommended as the best light quality recipe for the seedlings of B. striata.]]> 2021/5/7 15:45:40 *]]> WANG Tingting, ZHAN Zhuo, MA Jian, CHEN Yiqun, LI Yang^* 14true FRUITFULL(FUL)homologous genes involving in regulating flower and fruit development in buckwheat, an 837 bp of FeFUL2 cDNA containing a 690 bp full ORF(Open Reading Frame)encoding 229 amino acids(GenBank Accession Number MG779493.1)was isolated from a Fagopyrum esculentum mutant line with long pistil and long stamen(lpls)through homologous cloning. Moreover, the FeFUL2 cDNA contains a 30 bp 5'UTR(untranslated region, UTR)and a 117 bp 3'UTR including poly-A. The results showed that the buckwheat FeFUL2 was classified into the core eudicot euFUL lineages of AP1/FUL subfamily MADS-box transcription factors through phylogenetic, protein alignment and sequence analyses. In addition, FeFUL2 was classified transcription contained a highly conservation MADS-box domain(1-57)with 57 amino acids(aa), a secondary conserved K domain(91-159)with 69 aa, as well as two conserved motifs: FUL motif and paleo AP1 motif lying variable C terminal region. The highly conserved MADS domain was responsible for DNA binding, dimerization and nuclear localization of MADS-domain transcription factors. The secondary conserved K domain was involved in the formation of amphipathic helices and responsible for protein dimerization and multimeric complex formation protein-protein interactions. Finally, the C domain was important for transcriptional activation and multimeric complex formation. Moreover, the C terminal region of FeFUL2 was variable in sequence and length comparing with other euFUL-like transcriptors, which suggested that FeFUL2 may play different roles regulating flower and fruit development with FUL-like homologs from other species. qPCR revealed that FeFUL2 expression was detectable in all tissues including root, stem, leaf, tepal, stamen, gynoecium and 4-day-old juvenile fruit. However, FeFUL2 expression level in tepal was significantly higher than those in other organs(LSD, P<0.01). In addition, FeFUL2 expression level in stamen, gynoecium and 4-day-old juvenile fruit displayed no significant differences(LSD,P>0.05), but FeFUL2 expression level in stem and leaf was significantly higher than root(LSD,P<0.05). However, FeFUL2 expression level in stem and leaf showed no significant differences(LSD,P>0.05). Above all, our data suggest that the function of FeFUL2 may show a difference with other euFUL-like gene, and FeFUL2 play a major role involving in perianth development.]]> 2021/5/7 15:45:40 *]]> ZHANG Liangbo, WANG Xuan, QIAN Chengxu, LIU Zhixiong^* 13true Zanthoxylum armatum and the effect of grafting on its flavor, we designed specific primers based on transcriptome data and cloned a novel full-length cDNA sequence of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase(GGPPS)gene from Z. armatum by RT-PCR, and named ZaGGPPS. We analyzed the ZaGGPPS gene by using NCBI, ProParam, SignalP 4.1 server, DNAMAN and MEGA 7.0 softwares. The expression of ZaGGPPS gene in grafted and seedling trees were compared. The results were as follows: ZaGGPPS contained a complete open reading frame(OFR), consisting of 1 086 bp, encoding 361 amino acids. The relative molecular weight of the protein was 39 079.14 Da and the theoretical isoelectric point pI was 6.38. Blast comparison results showed that the protein belonged to the GGPPS family and contains two specific aspartic acid enrichment motifs, namely “DDXXXXD” and “DDXXD”, and five characteristic functional domains. Phylogenetic tree results showed that Z. armatum had close relationships with sweet orange(Citrus sinensis), clementine mandarin(C. clementina)and pomelo(C. maxima). Fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expression level of ZaGGPPS gene in Zanthoxylum armatum ranged from high to low as follows: leaf of seedling tree, leaf of grafted tree, stem of seedling tree and stem of grafted tree. Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase was a key enzyme in terpenoid biosynthesis pathway of Z. armatum, and grafting can affect the expression of ZaGGPPS gene in leaves and stems. The cloning and analysis of ZaGGPPS gene of Z. armatum provides theoretical basis for further study on the molecular mechanism of aroma formation of Z. armatum and selection of excellent varieties by molecular biological means.]]> 2021/5/7 15:45:40 1,2, WANG Yi2*, HAO Jiabo2, YUAN Xiaolong2, LU Bin2, LI Xianzhong1]]> GUAN Shuwen1,2, WANG Yi2*, HAO Jiabo2, YUAN Xiaolong2, LU Bin2, LI Xianzhong1 12true Quercus gilva, a naturally-occurring leaf-color mutant was used as experimental materials, and the metabolome and transcriptome of mutant leaves and normal green leaves were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Q(UHPLC-Q)Exactive HF-X and high-throughput RNA sequencing, respectively. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 257 and 357 significantly changed metabolites(SCMs)were respectively identified under the positive ion(POS)mode and the negative ion(NEG)mode. Compared with green leaves, the content of some flavonoids such as quercetin, leucocyanidin, myricetin and their glucoside derivatives(pyranodelphinin A, isorhamnetin 3-glucuronide, etc. )increased significantly in mutant leaves, but the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids decreased significantly.( 2 )A total of 4 146 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were detected, of which 1 711 were up-regulated and 2 435 were down-regulated.( 3 )KEGG enrichment analysis showed that SCMs and DEGs were mainly enriched in photosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis. In conclusion, the inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis, chloroplast developmental abnormalities and promotion of flavonoid synthesis were the main factors driving the leaf etiolation in the mutant Q. gilva. In addition, the genes of the MYB and bHLH families were significantly up-regulated in mutant leaves, confirming these two types of transcription factors were involved in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis. This study provides new molecular insights for the phenomenon of leaf etiolation, and also provides the reference for exploring leaf color-related functional genes and breeding of landscape plant.]]> 2024/8/5 10:00:45 1, HE Yueqiu¹, WANG Hao², LU Yunfeng², WANG Jianjun², HUANG Huahong³]]> LIN Li¹, HE Yueqiu¹, WANG Hao², LU Yunfeng², WANG Jianjun², HUANG Huahong³ 11true Grifola frondosa during various culture periods, this study employed HPLC-MS/MS analysis to thoroughly investigate the mycelium cultured for 10, 20, 30 d. The results were as follows:(1)We identified a total of 584 metabolites belonging to 42 different categories. Notably, among these metabolites, 159, 47, and 165 metabolites exhibited distinct accumulation patterns in the control comparison groups of 10 d vs 20 d, 20 d vs 30 d, and 10 d vs 30 d, respectively. This significant variation in metabolite composition across different culture periods suggested that the metabolic activities of the mycelium were dynamically changing as it grew.(2)During the early stage of culturing(10 d), the mycelium produced a higher concentration of metabolites related to promoting its growth and oxidative energy supply. As the culture progressed to 20 d, the mycelium began to produce or accumulate various secondary metabolites that were beneficial to humans. These included compounds like oleuropein, glycyrrhetic acid, N-methyltyramine, and alprazolam, which were known for their biological activities and potential in health benefits. As the culture progressed to 30 d, the mycelium contained multiple compounds were associated with aroma production.(3)To further understand the underlying metabolic processes, we conducted KEGG metabolic pathway enrichment analysis. This analysis revealed that the comparison groups of 10 d vs 20 d, 20 d vs 30 d, and 10 d vs 30 d were enriched in 163, 81, and 137 metabolic pathways, respectively. Among these, amino acid metabolism emerged as the most significantly influenced pathway in different culture periods, and this finding underscored the importance of amino acid metabolism in driving the metabolic activities of the mycelium during its growth cycle. In conclusion, this study initially explores the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways of the mycelium of G. frondosa, and finds that there are significant differences in the metabolites of the mycelium of G. frondosa in different culture periods, and that the contents of some components in the mycelium is related to the culture time, which has a certain reference value for the quality control and mechanism research of the mycelium of G. frondosa.]]> 2024/8/5 10:00:45 1,2, ZHANG Yancheng², LIU Yan², ZHANG Qiang³, LV Huqiang^3,4, MOU Guangfu^2*]]> LIU Jinrong^1,2, ZHANG Yancheng², LIU Yan², ZHANG Qiang³, LV Huqiang^3,4, MOU Guangfu^2* 10true Siraitia grosvenorii fruits pollinated in different seasons and the underlying molecular mechanism involved, the differences in climate factors, quality traits, and gene expression between fruits of the main cultivar S. grosvenorii “Qingpiguo” pollinated in summer and autumn were statistically analyzed by monitoring climate factors at different developmental stages, measuring morphological changes, detecting mogroside metabolism, and analyzing gene expression using qRT-PCR. The results were as follows:(1)Compared to summer-pollinated fruits, the average temperature and effective accumulated temperature of autumn-pollinated fruits decreased significantly after 35 d. Additionally, the temperature difference between day and night increased significantly before 65 d. However, this difference was still less than that of the average temperature and effective accumulated temperature. The light intensity and air humidity remained similar.(2)The transverse diameters, longitudinal diameters, and single fruit weights of autumn-pollinated fruits increased compared to those of summer-pollinated fruits, however, these differences were not statistically significant.(3)Mogroside V and 11-O-mogroside V in autumn-pollinated fruits accumulated slowly from 55 d with a delay of about 10 d, moreover, the content of both compounds in ripe fruits decreased by 40.66% and 46.07%, respectively.(4)In autumn, the number and extent of up-regulated mogroside V synthetase genes were relatively lower, and their co-expression consistency was poorer than in summer. Furthermore, the glucosyltransferase gene SgUGT94-289-3 which was responsible for the final step in mogroside V biosynthesis, exhibited down-regulation at all time points of 55 d. In summary, the shape and size of S. grosvenorii fruits pollinated in different seasons were not significantly affected by climatic factors; however, the content of mogroside V was significantly influenced by the temperature, which potentially influences these variations in mogroside V by regulating both the co-expression consistency and expression level of mogroside V synthetase genes. The results of this study provide the theoretical reference for high-quality cultivation and genetic breeding of S. grosvenorii.]]> 2024/8/5 10:00:45 1, MO Changming², XIE Lei³, LUO Zuliang³, GUO Wenfeng², TANG Qi⁴, XIAO Dong^1*]]> PENG Huan¹, MO Changming², XIE Lei³, LUO Zuliang³, GUO Wenfeng², TANG Qi⁴, XIAO Dong^1* 9true TCP gene under drought and salt stresses. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 28 TCP family members were identified in the tartary buckwheat genome, unevenly distributed across its eight chromosomes.(2)Most tartary buckwheat TCP genes contained 1-5 exons.(3)Phylogenetic analysis classified the tartary buckwheat TCP family into five clades, with intraspecific TCP proteins mainly clustering together.(4)Collinearity analysis indicated that there were five tartary buckwheat TCP genes originated from genome-wide replication events.(5)Cis-element analysis revealed that the promoter regions of tartary buckwheat TCP genes predominantly contained two types of cis-response elements as stress response elements and hormone response elements.(6)Transcriptomic data analysis demonstrated that all tartary buckwheat TCP genes were expressed in the examined tissues.(7)qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression levels of FtTCP3, FtTCP6, FtTCP12, and FtTCP13 changed under drought stress and salt stress conditions, with FtTCP3 peaking at 6 h of drought and salt treatments, suggesting that it plays a positive regulatory role in tartary buckwheat's response to drought stress and salt stress. This study provides new insights into the evolution and function of the TCP gene family, and provides a reference for the functional exploration and utilization of the tartary buckwheat TCP gene family.]]> 2024/8/5 10:00:45 1, ZHU Xudong¹, ZHOU Binhan¹, LUO Yirou¹, LI Minghui², FANG Zhengwu^1*]]> YANG Lanfeng¹, ZHU Xudong¹, ZHOU Binhan¹, LUO Yirou¹, LI Minghui², FANG Zhengwu^1* 8true Picea abies)proembryogenic masses(PEM), PEMs of Norway spruce embryonic cell lines PaVⅢ, PI3, and PI5 were used as the material for nucleus extraction with six lysis buffers:(LB01, Otto's, Galbraith's, GPB, WPB and Tris·MgCl₂). Based on detecting DNA content by flow cytometry, the quantity and quality of the nuclear suspensions were evaluated to screen for the optimal buffer. Further, the stability of optimal buffer and the integrity of nucleus were measured. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with the other lysates, the number of nuclei obtained of PaVⅢ line PEMs from LB01 was the highest, but lower amount of cell debris.(2)In addition, coefficients of variation(CVs)of G0/G1 and G2/M nuclei, obtained from LB01, were not more than 5%. The CVs were relatively low.(3)The nuclei of different lines PEMs were extracted by LB01. There was no significant difference in the number of nuclei extracted and the proportion of cell debris among the different lines.(4)The nuclear membrane of most cells maintained in a high integrity when the nuclei of Norway spruce PEMs were extracted via LB01 through morphology investigation. To sum up, compared with other buffers, LB01 is the optimal one for Norway spruce PEMs nucleus extraction, which may provide reference for nuclear extraction from gymnosperms.]]> 2025/8/29 21:28:38 1, GAO Han³, WANG Junhui¹, ZHU Tianqing^2*]]> HU Jiwen¹, GAO Han³, WANG Junhui¹, ZHU Tianqing^2* 7true Pinus elliottii, seven cell lines induced by immature seeds of P. elliottii were used as materials. The phenotype and cellular structure were observed, and the contents of endogenous hormones, soluble protein, soluble sugar, starch and antioxidant enzyme activities were determined, followed by the maturation culture of five selected cell lines. In order to explore the characteristic index values that affect the embryogenic capacity of cell lines, so as to identify the embryogenic capacity of cell lines with strong embryogenic capacity in the early stage, and provide technical reference for optimizing the somatic embryogenesis and improving the somatic embryo induction rate of P. elliottii. Data analysis involved analysis of variance(ANOVA), Duncan multiple range test, and pearson correlation analysis. The results were as follows:(1)Different cell lines differed in cytological observation, among which the V30 cell line had obvious and more embryonal-suspensor mass(ESM), indicating the V30 line was a strong embryonic line.(2)The endogenous hormone content was significantly and different among cell lines, with a significant positive correlation among abscisic acid(ABA), trans-zeatin riboside(ZR)and cell lines, a significant negative correlation among indoleacetic acid(IAA)content and cell lines, no significant difference among gibberellic acid(GA₃)and no significant correlation among GA₃ and cell lines.(3)The soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, starch content, peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase(SOD), and catalase(CAT)activity were significantly different among cell lines, but showed no obvious correlation with the embryogenic ability of cell lines.(4)Based on the embryogenesis of the cell line and the number of mature embryos, the V30 cell line had a high somatic embryogenesis potential. The somatic embryogenic capacity of the P. elliottii cell line is significantly correlated with the endogenous hormone content, and it can provide reference for improving the embryogenic capacity of cell lines and optimizing the maturation conditions of somatic embryos.]]> 2025/8/29 21:28:38 1, HU Shan¹, SHI Maoyin², LIU Qian¹, ZHONG Dongyang², YANG Chunxia^1*]]> DENG Zhaolei¹, HU Shan¹, SHI Maoyin², LIU Qian¹, ZHONG Dongyang², YANG Chunxia^1* 6true SAUR (SMALL AUXIN UP RNA)gene family is an important downstream gene family that promotes hypocotyl elongation. However, the molecular mechanism by which SAURs are regulated in high temperature induced-hypocotyl elongation remains unclear. Thermomorphogenesis is defined as a series of morphological changes that occur in the mild high temperature range between the optimal temperature and the adverse high temperature in higher plants. Hypocotyl elongation is one of the most intensively researched one. In this study, Arabidopsis Col wild type, hy5 mutant, 35S::HY5-HA/Col overexpressed plants and tobacco were used as research materials. Inhibitor NPA(N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid)treatment, quantitative RT-PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation and double luciferase reporter gene detection were used to explore the molecular mechanisms of high temperature regulated SAUR1/2/3/4. The results were as follows:(1)Auxin was downstream of HY5(ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5)in the thermomorphogenesis signaling pathway.(2)HY5 inhibited the transcription of SAUR1/2/3/4 in 20 ℃ and 29 ℃.(3)At normal temperature and high temperature, HY5 binded to the E-box-containing regions of SAUR1/2/3/4 promoter chromatin, and these bindings were inhibited by high temperature.(4)Auxin was required for the regulation of SAUR1/2/3/4 by HY5. In summary, high temperature regulates the transcription of these four genes by affecting the binding strength of HY5 and SAUR1/2/3/4 promoter chromatin, and this regulatory process requires auxin. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of hypocotyl elongation downstream genes regulated by high temperature.]]> 2025/8/29 21:28:38 1,2,3, LIU ZhouLi^1,2,3, WANG Xin^1,2,3*]]> FENG Yu^1,2,3, LIU ZhouLi^1,2,3, WANG Xin^1,2,3* 5true Trichoderma spp. is ubiquitously detectable in soil and plant roots, and it plays a crucial role in the biological control of agriculture. To explore the influence of Trichoderma spp. on the resistance of Astragalus membranaceus to root rot, the aim of this study is to isolate and identify type of Trichoderma spp. from Astragalus membranaceus root rot, and subsequently investigate its antagonistic action on pathogen and analyze its effect on physiological indexes of disease resistance of Astragalus membranaceus. The type of Trichoderma spp. was determined through morphological characteristics, ITS and tef1 sequence analysis. The antagonistic action of Trichoderma spp. isolate against Fusarium solani HYFS-1 was analyzed by plate confrontation assay. To determine the role of Trichoderma spp. isolate in inducing the disease resistance of Astragalus membranaceus, the physiological indexes such as catalase(CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), phenylalanine ammonlyase(PAL), peroxidase(POD)and proline(Pro)were determined. The results were as follows:(1)The Trichoderma spp. type from Astragalus membranaceus root rot was identified as Trichoderma harzianum and named T9131.(2)The inhibition rate of Trichoderma harzianum T9131 against Fusarium solani HYFS-1 reached 72%±1% after 6 days of two confrontation.(3)Compared to HYFS-1 alone, T9131 significantly enhanced SOD activity at 0 h after HYFS-1 infection; at the 24 h HYFS-1 infection, T9131 markedly increased SOD activity, POD activity, and Pro content; by the 48 h HYFS-1 infection, T9131 significantly elevated POD activity, PAL activity, and Pro content. To sum up, Trichoderma harzianum T9131 can control Astragalus membranaceus root rot by directly inhibiting the growth of HYFS-1 and inducing acitivities of SOD, POD, PAL and Pro content of Astragalus membranaceus under Fusarium solani HYFS-1 stress. This research will lay the foundation for exploring the biocontrol effect of Trichoderma harzianum and its machanism of resistance of Astragalus membranaceus root rot.]]> 2025/8/29 21:28:38 1,2, YAN Xiang¹, BAI Yuguo¹, LI Wandi¹, SHI Zhiyong¹, LIANG Jianping^1,2*, LI Yufang³, LI Biao³, ZHAO Xiang⁴]]> NIU Jingping^1,2, YAN Xiang¹, BAI Yuguo¹, LI Wandi¹, SHI Zhiyong¹, LIANG Jianping^1,2*, LI Yufang³, LI Biao³, ZHAO Xiang⁴ 4true FKF1 is known to be a blue light-responsive gene and an important factor in regulating plant flowering through the photoperiod pathway. To explore the molecular mechanism of BdFKF1 gene in regulating flowering in tobacco plants through the photoperiod pathway, wild-type tobacco(SR1)and BdFKF1 gene-transformed tobacco plants(BdFKF1-OE)were used as materials. Transcriptomic sequencing and RT-qPCR validation were conducted to observe and record the flowering time in both materials. The results were as follows:(1)In SR1 vs FKF1 group, a total of 472 differentially expressed genes were identified, with 248 up-regulated genes and 224 down-regulated genes. Among them, 14 differentially expressed genes were related to the photoperiod, with 7 up-regulated genes and 7 down-regulated genes.(2)GO enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in pathways such as U5 snRNP, oxidoreductase activity, and acting on paired donors and response to blue light. Among them, the differentially expressed genes related to the photoperiod were mainly enriched in pathways such as FK506 binding, photoperiodism and flowering, photoperiodism, phosphatidylethanolamine binding, macrolide binding, and regulation of flower development.(3)KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in pathways such as ABC transporters, Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, cutin, suberin and wax biosynthesis and circadian rhythm-plant pathways. Among them, the differentially expressed genes related to the photoperiod were mainly enriched in pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction and circadian rhythm-plant.(4)The observation and recording showed that the flowering time of BdFKF1-OE plants was advanced by 3.9 d compared to SR1.(5)RT-qPCR results were consistent with the trend of changes in the transcriptomic data, indicating that the transcriptomic data had high reliability. In conclusion, under long-day conditions, the BdFKF1 gene can affect the expression of photoperiod pathway-related genes, and overexpression of the BdFKF1 gene promotes flowering in tobacco plants.]]> 2025/8/29 0:00:00 1, LI Yajiao2, CHEN Xi2, MA Peijie2, LUO Wenju1, CHEN Caijun2, CHEN Ying2, LIU Xiaoxia2, WANG Xiaoli 2*]]> YANG Longjiao1, LI Yajiao2, CHEN Xi2, MA Peijie2, LUO Wenju1, CHEN Caijun2, CHEN Ying2, LIU Xiaoxia2, WANG Xiaoli 2* 3true SMPD gene(RcSMPD)in the strongly desiccation-tolerant plant Racomitrium canescens, quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)was employed to detect the expression of RcSMPD under dehydration stress and high-temperature treatments. The coding sequence of RcSMPD was cloned, and bioinformatics analysis was carried out to predict the protein encoded by RcSMPD. Furthermore, transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana lines overexpressing RcSMPD were constructed to evaluate the drought tolerance and high-temperature tolerance of RcSMPD. The results were as follows:(1)RcSMPD was found to respond to the dehydration stress and high-temperature treatments of Racomitrium canescens to different degrees.(2)RcSMPD had a total of 326 amino acid residues and was a hydrophilic protein. RcSMPD could be an acidic or neutral SMPD and was predicted to be located in chloroplasts or vacuoles.(3)Compared with wild-type plants, the morphology of the RcSMPD overexpression transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana showed differences, yet there was no significant difference in stress resistance under simulated drought stress and high-temperature stress treatments among the A. thaliana lines. In conclusion, RcSMPD can participate in the response to Racomitrium canescens to dehydration and high-temperature stress. Overexpression of RcSMPD can change the morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana, but has no significant impact on its drought tolerance and high-temperature resistance.]]> 2025/8/29 21:28:38 *]]> BAO Wei, WANG Jingjing, SHA Wei, ZHANG Meijuan, PENG Yifang, MA Tianyi^* 2true 2025/8/29 21:28:38 1, FAN Zhiwei^1*, ZHU Jiafu², LIN Li¹, ZHANG Rui¹, XU Shengguang¹, MA Huanjin¹, ZHANG Jinwen^3*]]> ZHANG Xiaohua¹, FAN Zhiwei^1*, ZHU Jiafu², LIN Li¹, ZHANG Rui¹, XU Shengguang¹, MA Huanjin¹, ZHANG Jinwen^3* 1true