Clematis tongluensis, a species distributed in Nepal, Bhutan, Northeast Indida and Bangladesh, was discovered this summer from Southeast Tibet Autonomous Region of China. This species is related to Clemateis montana Buch.-Ham. ex DC., differing from the latter in its oblong sepals caudate-acuminate at apex and hairy adaxially, glabrous abaxially. In C. montana, the sepals are obovate, at apex rounded, and glabrous adaxially, puberulous abaxially.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 WANG Wen-tsai 38true Teucrium qingyuanense, a new species of Lamiaceae from Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province of East China, is here described and illustrated. The new species resembles T. omeiense and T. simplex, but it differs from the former in having stems, rachises and pedicels densely retrorse-pubescent, calices outside pubescent and glandular or glandulose, corolla outside densely glandulose and pubescent, styles sparsely glandulose. It differs from the latter in having stems, rachises and pedicels densely retrorse-pubescent, calices outside pubescent and glandular or glandulose, 2 teeth of lower lip narrowly triangular, apex acute, corolla outside densely glandulose and pubescent, middle lobe broadly ovate, apex acute. SEM observation on indumentum of stems, leaves and calices, together with phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences supported T. qingyuanense as a distinguished and independent species.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, JIN Xiaofeng², XU Yueliang³, DING Bingyang^4*]]> CHEN Deliang¹, JIN Xiaofeng², XU Yueliang³, DING Bingyang^4* 37true Osmanthus austrozhejiangensis Z.H. Chen, W.Y. Xie et X. Liu, a new species of Osmanthus Lour. from Zhejiang, is described with illustrations and color photographs. This new species is similar to O. pubipedicellatus Chia ex H.T. Chang in having cyme and puberulent on petiole, bract, pedicel, but differs from the former in having leaf blade obovate, obovate-elliptic or elliptic,(5.5-)8-10(-13)cm long,(2.2-)3 -4.5(-5)cm wide, apex acute or shortly acuminate, margin acutely serrate or entire, lateral veins 8-10 pairs; flowers larger, corolla tube 2.2-2.3 mm, lobes 2.2-3.0 mm; filaments 1.3-1.5 mm, anthers ca.1.2 mm. The discovery of this species provides new materials for studying the migration and evolution of Osmanthus from Southwest to Northeast in East Asia.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, LIU Xi², MEI Xudong³, CHEN Feng¹, CHEN Zhenghai^1*]]> XIE Wenyuan¹, LIU Xi², MEI Xudong³, CHEN Feng¹, CHEN Zhenghai^1* 36true Haematomma from China was based on morphological, chemical and ecological charactersistics. More than 200 lichen specimens of Haematomma from China were studied. Haematomma muriformis R. Tang & Z. J. Ren is described as a new species. It is characterized by large muriform ascospores(75-87.5×12.5-20 μm)and the production of atranorin, haematommone and arthothelin. While, Haematomma matogrossense Kalb & Staiger is found from China for the first time. Based on detailed studies, morpholegical and anatomical photos and a key to all known Chinese Haematomma species are provided. The present study is very important for clarifing the species composition and local distribution of lichens of Haematomma in China and provides the basic information for the Lichen Flora of China.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, TANG Rong², DONG Linlin³, ZHANG Lulu^{3 *}]]> REN Zhaojie¹, TANG Rong², DONG Linlin³, ZHANG Lulu^{3 *} 35true Heptaptera, Keraymonia and Hymenolaena, all other genera within this clade are not monophyletic, with the type species of some genera(e.g. Physospermopsis, Pimpinella and Trachydium etc.)falling into other major clades of Apioideae. Therefore, the traditional circumscription between genera has been broken, which will bring a series of nomenclatural transfers. As the East-Asia Clade includes some medicinally important plants, to establish a set of standard identification system suitable for it will greatly promote the healthy development of traditional Chinese medicine industry, and provide guidance for folk safe medication. Furthermore, questions to be solved in its future study are also discussed.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, GUO Mingjia¹, LIU Zhenwen^2*]]> ZHOU Jing¹, GUO Mingjia¹, LIU Zhenwen^2* 34true Iris plants have important ornamental and economic values. The study on the phylogenetic relationship of Iris is of great significance for the conservation, utilization and genetic breeding of Iris. At present, the systematic relations of the taxonomic units of Iris have been long in dispute. Thus, this paper reviewed the progress of molecular phylogeny of Iris from the systematic relations of different taxonomic units based on the traditional taxonomy system. The results were as follows: Iris is paraphyletic with multiple origins, while the Subgen. Iris, Subgen. Limniris are both polyphyletic. Subgen. Scorpiris can be divided into five branches, among which the Sect. Juno is polyphyletic. The Ser. Californicae and Subser. Chrysographes may be composite species groups, which blurred the boundary of morphologic features among sibling species of the two lineages. Some species with unclear taxonomic statuses in classical taxonomy has been confirmed, which showed that Belamcanda chinensis and Iris dichotoma should be incorporated into Iris. I. tuberosa and I. subdichotoma should be classified into Subgen. Hermodactyloides and Subgen. Nepalensis, respectively. We also prospected the related researches focusing on the origin, distribution and evolution history of Iris and put forward some suggestions on the research methods aiming to provide reference for further study.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1,2, FENG Shucheng^{1, 2}, XIAO Yue'e², YU Fengyang², ZHU Shuxia¹, WANG Xianrong^1*]]> CHENG Lin^1,2, FENG Shucheng^{1, 2}, XIAO Yue'e², YU Fengyang², ZHU Shuxia¹, WANG Xianrong^1* 33true Cucurbita moschata SWEET gene(CmSWEET), based on the known pumpkin genome database. The results were of follows: 21 CmSWEET genes were identified and divided into four subfamilies(I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and IV)by phylogenetic analysis, including 3, 5, 10 and 3 genes respectively. In addition, the gene structure, transmembrane domain and conserved motif showed that CmSWEET genes were very conserved in evolution. The results of chromosome mapping showed that CmSWEET genes were unevenly distributed on 13 of 21 chromosomes and did not exist on chromosomes Cm00, Cm01, Cm03, Cm05, Cm07, Cm09, Cm19 and Cm20. Analysis of promoter cis-acting element showed that the CmSWEET genes were related to plant hormone response(abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and auxin), and may also participate in response to various environmental stresses. Finally, the phylogenetic relationship was revealed from phylogenetic tree and gene collinearity. This study systematically identified the SWEET genes family in C. moschata at the whole genome level, which provided a basis for further understanding the SWEET gene of C. moschatas and other Cucurbitaceae crops, and also provided an important candidate gene for further functional analysis.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, YUAN Jingping^2,3*]]> SHEN Changwei¹, YUAN Jingping^2,3* 32true Epimedium taxa(43 species, 1 subspecies, 6 varieties, and 1 cultivar)and two Vancouveria species was conducted in the present study. Especially, the 53 taxa studied were clustered by their karyotype resemblance-near coefficients because the interspecific karyotypes are very similar and the traditional karyotype analysis cannot provide significant evidence for the studies on genetics and evolution in Epimedium. The results were as follows: The 53 taxa studied all were diploid with 12 chromosomes(2n=2x=12), the genome of each taxon had one pair of satellites located on the pair I of homologous chromosomes, respectively, and the karyotype types of the 53 species studied all were type 1A or 2A of Stebbins. It can be concluded that the interspecific karyotypes were indeed very similar and the genomes evolvement were rather conservative in genus Epimedium. The cluster analysis of karyotype resemblance-near coefficients can provide some valuable clues for the studies on the systematics and taxonomy in genus Epimedium. Results of the cluster analysis by the karyotype resemblance-near coefficients strongly supported the previous taxonomic division of Subgen. Rhizophyllum and Subgen. Epimedium in genus Epimedium. The results also showed that the interspecific relationship was closely correlated to the geographical distribution in genus Epimedium and that the genomes of the taxa native to East Asia had obvious variation and more high genetic diversity. Finally, the formation of modern geographical distribution of genus Epimedium was inferred in the present study. Results of the present study have significant scientific values in the further studies on the resources utilization, taxonomy, and phylogenetics in genus Epimedium.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1,2, LI Shuang^1,2, WU Jing^1,3, SHENG Maoyin^1,3*]]> CHEN Yongbi^1,2, LI Shuang^1,2, WU Jing^1,3, SHENG Maoyin^1,3* 31true Punica and Trapa in Lythraceae were supported.(5)Additionally, the sequence divergence of the protein-coding genes was estimated. For Melastomataceae, 53 variable protein-coding genes were identified, with the variation percentage ranged from 5.84% to 29.53% among the 19 genera. In Myrtaceae, the proportion of variability of 57 variable protein-coding genes ranged from 1.31% to 15.78% among the nine genera. Our study provides an important framework for further phylogenetic study in Myrtales and related groups.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, SONG Weiwu^2*, XIAO Jianjia¹, LI Chaoqiong¹, LIU Hongzhan¹]]> WANG Xueqin¹, SONG Weiwu^2*, XIAO Jianjia¹, LI Chaoqiong¹, LIU Hongzhan¹ 30true Alsophila(Cyatheaceae)were taken as examples to explore the materials suitable for the study of chromosome numbers of ferns. As there are no time, season and quantitative restrictions in sampling, gametophytes were recommended as experimental materials for the study of chromosome numbers of ferns.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1*, XIANG Jianying², CHENG Xiao³ ]]> WANG Zijuan^1*, XIANG Jianying², CHENG Xiao³ 29true Fabronia moss species, F. pusilla and F. matsumurae, were observed and described at the micron level by means of indoor artificial cultivation in order to obtain the correlation between spore germination type and phylogeny, ecological selection and reproductive strategy selection of this genus. The results were as follows:(1)The spores of both species germinated outside the wall and produced chloronema twigs that composed of 1-15 semicircular cells;(2)Caulonema cells of F. pusilla were differentiated and formed from the top of chloronema whereas caulonema cells were undifferentiated in F. matsumurae;(3)Gametophyte initial cells of both species were differentiated and formed from chloronema. On the basis of previous studies, in this experiment, referring to Nishida's classification standard for moss spore germination, spore germination of the two Fabronia Raddi moss species were analyzed and determined to be of Maromitrium-type, providing developmental evidence for the systematic classification of this genus.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, CAO Zhen², ZHANG Hao¹, NIU Yulu³, WANG Zhenjie², ZHAO Jiancheng⁴]]> HUANG Shiliang¹, CAO Zhen², ZHANG Hao¹, NIU Yulu³, WANG Zhenjie², ZHAO Jiancheng⁴ 28true Euonymus L. and Glyptopetalum Thw. has been controversial for a long time. In order to clarify it, we selected 31 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)(12 from Glyptopetalum, 17 from Euonymus, and 2 from Microtropis Wall. ex Meisn.), measured 56 morphological characters of them, and performed cluster analysis(unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average)as well as principal coordinate analysis. The results were as follows: Glyptopetalum and Euonymus had a high morphological similarity, between which were some transition groups, e. g. Euonymus chloranthoides Yang, E. pallidifolius Hayata, Glyptopetalum fengii (Chun et F. C. How)Ding Hou, and G. geloniifolium(Chun et F. C. How)C. Y. Cheng. The study suggested that it is more reasonable to place Glyptopetalum as Euonymus Sect. Glyptopetalum, near Euonymus Sect. Ilicifolia. The principal coordinate analysis(PCoA)showed the great taxonomic value of some characters in Euonymus, including leaf blade length and width, number of lateral veins, petals, locules, ovules per locule, inflorescence branches, presence/absence of aril, dehiscence of capsule, flowering time, and infructescence stalk length.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1,2, MENG Shiyong³, LIU Quanru^1*]]> LIU Huiyuan^1,2, MENG Shiyong³, LIU Quanru^1* 27true Hibiscus syriacus cultivars and their relationships, we observed morphological characteristics and exine sculpture of 22 H. syriacus pollen grains by scanning electron microscope, and used R-type cluster analysis and principal component analysis to extract appropriate indicators for UPGMA cluster analysis. The results were as follows:(1)The pollen of H. syriacus was single-spherical, nearly spherical with diameter of 148.98-111.65 μm with thorn-like ornamentation on the surface with length of 27.42-14.79 μm; The tip of the thorn was sharp, and the thorns distributed around scattered pores; The pollen surface was distributed with granular protrusions and the apertures were irregular.(2)UPGMA cluster analysis was performed after extracting principal components of the measured indicators. When the Euclidean mean distance threshold was 6, 22 H. syriacus cultivars were divided into six categories. The single-petal blue-violet cultivars ‘Bluebird', ‘Dan Ban Zi Fen' and ‘Xi Ye' had close relationships, and semidouble cultivars ‘Lavender Chiffon' and ‘China Chiffon', ‘Pink Chiffon' had close relationships, while white single-petal ‘Wood Bridge' and ‘Hamabo' were relatively close. It was believed that the single-petal blue-violet cultivars in H. syriacus were more primitive than the pink and white semidouble cultivars, while purple semidouble cultivars were more evolved and the white single-petal cultivars were highly evolved. The results of this study provide theoretical basis for genetic evolution, taxonomic status, and genetic relationship studies in H. syriacus.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, FENG Qi¹, TIAN Lin¹, ZHANG Jiapei¹, WANG Xin¹, LIU Yichao^{1, 2}, LIU Dongyun^1*]]> ZHAO Yixuan¹, FENG Qi¹, TIAN Lin¹, ZHANG Jiapei¹, WANG Xin¹, LIU Yichao^{1, 2}, LIU Dongyun^1* 26true Poncirus polyandra belongs to the genus Poncirus Raf. of Rutaceae. Since it was published, its taxonomic status has always been controversial. In Flora of China, P. polyandra was regarded as a Citrus hybrid(Poncirus polyandra), and the genus Poncirus was included in the genus Citrus. In this study, we used three chloroplast DNA fragments(trnL-trnF, trnS-trnG, rbcL), ITS and one single copy nuclear genes(Chr5)to construct phylogenetic trees to explore the taxonomic status of the genus Poncirus and P. polyandra. We sampled a total of 47 individuals from ten species, including P. polyandra and P. trifoliata of the genus Poncirus as well as eight other species of the genus Citrus by using Murraya exotica was used as the outgroup. The results were as follows: The maximum likelihood trees(ML)and Bayesian inference trees(BI)constructed by all data were basically identical in topological structure. The cpDNA results showed that all species were clustered into two clades: eight species of Citrus were clustered into one major clade, and P. polyandra and P. trifoliata were clustered into another major clade. Meanwhile, all individuals of P. polyandra and P. trifoliata were grouped into a monophyletic subclade respectively, supporting the independence of Poncirus and P. polyandra could exist independently; However, the results of two nuclear DNA fragments showed that two species of Poncirus and the eight species of Citrus clustered into a large clade, indicating that the genus Poncirus cannot be recognized independently. Moreover, nine individuals of P. polyandra were monophyletic, suggesting that P. polyandra was a genetically independent lineage. In summary, both chloroplast DNA data and nuclear DNA data supported that P. polyandra was an independent taxa, but nuclear DNA data from our study did not support the independence of Poncirus.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, GONG Xun², FENG Xiuyan^2*]]> ZHANG Yu¹, GONG Xun², FENG Xiuyan^2* 25true Batrachium bungei; Scalariform perforation plates were found in four species, i.e. Callianthemum taipaicum, Adonis sutchuenensis, Ranunculus sceleratus and Halerpestes cymbalaria, but not for Ranunculus chinensis, Oxygraphis glacialis and Ceratocephalus orthoceras; Perforation plates of vessel elements of Adonis sutchuenensis were diverse, including simple perforation plate, scalariform perforation plate, reticulate perforation plate, gnetum type perforation plate, and scalariform-reticulate perforation plate; Simple perforation plate, scalariform perforation plate, and reticulate perforation plate were found in Halerpestes cymbalaria. In this study, we did not found vessel elements by dissociation the root and stem of Batrachium bungei. On the contrary, we found that there were annular vessels by semithin section. We also found that the side walls, and the pit membranes were unbroken or residual. The length diversities of those vessel elements of Ranunculeae were very high. There were significant differences in the average length of vessel elements in different species of Ranunculeae. At the same time, the differences were conspicious among different types of vessel elements even in the same species. We also discussed the adaptive significance of different types of vessel elements and the systematic position of Ranunculeae in the family Ranuculaceae. The results indicate that micro-structures of the vessel elements are also adapted to their growing environments. The vessel elements of Callianthemum taipaicum, Adonis sutchuenensis and Oxygraphis glacialis were related to their cold environments and those of Ceratocephalus orthoceras and Batrachium bungei were related to xerophytic and aquatic environment, respectively.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, 2*]]> LUO Minrong^{1, 2*} 24true Ziziphus jujuba cv. Lingwuchangzao fruit vascular bundles phloem and its surrounding parenchyma cells were analysed to discover the phloem unloading and transport pathway of photoassimilates. The results were as follows: SE/CC complex and its surrounding phloem parenchyma cells between riched plasmodesmata, and phloem parenchyma cells and surrounding cells and adjacent flesh parenchyma cells were almost non-existent plasmodesmata and formed symplastic isolation in the early bulking period; In the rapid enlargement period, plasmodesmata were found between SE/CC complex and the surrounding parenchyma cells, but the number significantly reduced compared with the early bulking period; In the coloring period, SE/CC complex and its surrounding parenchyma cells had less plasmodesmatas and appeared blockade phenomenon; In the maturation period, there were not almost plasmodesmata between sieve tube elements and companion cells, some sieve tube elements had less plasmodesmatas but appeared blockade phenomena, flesh parenchyma cells and phloem parenchyma cells formed symplastic isolation because of plasmodesmatas blockade phenomena. Therefore, the unloading of photoassimilates from sieve tube element was symplast pathway and adopted apoplastic pathway after unloading into vacuole storage and utilization in the early bulking period, the unloading transportant of photoassimilates took the symplast and apoplastic concomitant pathway in the rapid enlargement period, transportation of photoassimilates from sieve tube element to storage parenchyma cells was based on apoplastic pathway in the coloring period and the maturation period fruit.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, ZHANG Yingcai^1*, SU Weidong², HAI Yuan¹, ZHANG Yuan¹, JING Hongxia¹]]> HUANG Yue¹, ZHANG Yingcai^1*, SU Weidong², HAI Yuan¹, ZHANG Yuan¹, JING Hongxia¹ 23true Alternanthera philoxeroides)adapts to both aquatic and terrestrial habitats due to its phenotypic plasticity, high growth rate and asexual reproduction. The anatomical structure, histochemical characteristics, and apoptotic permeability of adventitious roots and stems of A. philoxeroides growing at aquatic and terrestrial habitats were studied using light and fluorescence microscope. The results were as follows:(1)The aquatic adventitious roots had a large schizogenous aerenchyma in cortex, casparian bands, suberin lamellae and lignin on the endodermis, heavily lignified in cortex and hypodermis and without secondary growth.(2)The terrestrial adventitious roots had secondary growth, with intercellular aerenchyma in cortex, casparian bands, suberin lamellae and lignin on the endodermis, slightly lignified in cortex and hypodermis; Additionally, the terrestrial adventitious roots had supernumerary cambia which produce secondary vascular bundles, parenchyma and adventitious buds; The old perennial adventitious roots possessed dilated parenchyma, and periderm had casparian bands, suberin lamellae and lignin.(3)The stolons in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats had pith, pith cavity, endodermis, collenchyma, and secondary growth, with schizo-lysigeny aerenchyma in cortex, and cuticle with suberin lamellae and lignin. The periderm possessed suberin lamellae, and lignin in the terrestrial stolons.(4)The apoplastic barriers were found in roots and stems of A. philoxeroides, which had a complex structure, and berberine can not penetrate these apoplastic barriers. The above anatomical characteristics identify the adaptation of A. philoxeroides to both aquatic and terrestrial habitats.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 *]]> WANG Ting, ZHANG Xia, ZHOU Cunyu, HU Shuangshuang, TANG Yu, YANG Chaodong^* 22true Actinidia chinensis varieties from selected samples could be clearly distinguished by the width of the lenticels. The results of scanning electron microscope showed that the stomatal apparatus only existed in blade back and mesophyll area with wide oval and elliptical shape, and the stomatal apparatus types were actinotytic, cyclocytic, anisocytic and anomocytic. Among these species, the stomatal apparatus shape of A. chinensis was actinotytic, the stomatal apparatus shape of A. deliciosa was cyclocytic, the stomatal apparatuses shapes of A. latifolia and A. eriantha were anisocytic, and the stomatal apparatus shape of A. longicarpa was anomocytic. Guard cells were arranged around stomatal apparatus, horizontal or protruding from the lower epidermis. The lower epidermal cells were papillose or anomocytic with sinuate or sinuolate anticlinal wall. The lower epidermis was granulated with furcal pubescence and bifurcate single cell without glandular trichome. Some germplasm had papillose or flake-like waxy layer. Inner margin of outer stomatal rim were sinuolate with ornamentation. According to the measure of length × width, axis and density of stomatal apparatus, there was no obvious rule with kiwifruit species division. However, the stomatal apparatus type and the species division were consistent well. Four A. chinensis varieties could be distinguished by the length, axis of stomatal and density of stomatal apparatus. In addition, there were significant differences in the microapparent morphology between A. longicarpa and other species, which provides microcosmic basis for its identification.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 *]]> LIU Pingping, XIONG Yalan, WEI Yujing, MO Quanhui, WANG Faming, YE Kaiyu^* 21true Pterolobium punctatum, a representative species within the Caesalpinioideae, the complete chloroplast genome of P. punctatum was assembled and annotated using Illumina sequencing technology. This study analyzed codon usage bias and performed comparative genomics with 19 related species. Furthermore, phylogenetic reconstruction and divergence time estimation were conducted by integrating genomic data from representative species of Caesalpinioideae. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genome of P. punctatum was 159 063 bp in length, encoding 128 genes, and exhibited a typical circular quadripartite structure, with significantly higher GC content in the inverted repeat(IR)regions(42.61%)than in the single-copy regions.(2)Comparative genomic analysis revealed dynamic evolution at the IR/SC boundaries among P. punctatum and its close relatives, and mono-nucleotide repeats dominated by A/T bases were the most frequent SSR type.(3)Analysis of codon usage bias indicated that natural selection was the primary driving force, and we identified highly variable regions such as ycf1 as potential DNA barcodes.(4)Phylogenetic analysis strongly supported P. punctatum as a sister group to Vachellia nilotica subsp. indica, providing critical chloroplast genomic validation for the new classification system of Fabaceae; divergence time estimation suggested that the genus Pterolobium diverged during the Oligocene-Miocene transition(approx. 24.09 million years ago). This study systematically elucidates the chloroplast genome characteristics of P. punctatum and confirms its phylogenetic position, providing a significant scientific basis for understanding the structural evolution of the chloroplast genome as well as for the conservation and utilization of Caesalpinioideae resources.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:47 1*, ZHOU Xueqiong¹, ZHAO Rundong¹, WANG Youyou¹, MA Zhexue¹, RAN Juan², SUN Chao³]]> YAN Kan^1*, ZHOU Xueqiong¹, ZHAO Rundong¹, WANG Youyou¹, MA Zhexue¹, RAN Juan², SUN Chao³ 20true Picea species are highly complex due to their morphological similarity. Chloroplast genome sequences can be utilized to resolve the phylogenetic relationships within Picea and provide a foundation for studies on phylogeography and organellar genome diversity. Picea likiangensis, a species in the genus Picea of Pinaceae family, is characterized by rapid growth and high-quality timber. It is widely used as an industrial timber and reforestation species, holding significant economic and ecological value. To date, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of P. likiangensis has not been determined. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of P. likiangensis was sequenced using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform and assembled by GetOrganelle. Repeat sequences within the chloroplast genome were identified using MISA and Tandem repeat finder, while codon usage bias was analyzed by CodonW. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationships among 17 Picea species were reconstructed using PhyloSuite software. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genome of P. likiangensis was 124 207 bp in length with a GC content of 38.74%. It contained 113 genes, including 74 protein-coding genes, 35 transfer RNA(tRNA)genes, and 4 ribosome RNA(rRNA)genes.(2)A total of 29 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)and 29 tandem repeat sequences were identified. Mononucleotide repeats(22)were the predominant SSRs, followed by 7 dinucleotide repeats.(3)In codon usage bias analysis, 30 codons were identified with a relative synonymous codon usage(RSCU)>1, among which the AGA codon(encoding arginine)showed the highest usage.(4)Phylogenomic analysis revealed that P. sitchensis was the basal taxon of Picea, while the remaining Picea species were divided into two major clades. P. likiangensis was most closely related to P. brachytyla. This study clarified the chloroplast genome features of P. likiangensis and reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of Picea, thereby providing valuable data for future research on genetic diversity and the breeding of superior varieties in this genus.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:47 *, WEN Jingyiran, HAN Limin, LIU Fei, WANG Mengting]]> LI Jia^*, WEN Jingyiran, HAN Limin, LIU Fei, WANG Mengting 19true Corydalis DC. is the largest genus in Papaveraceae, and southwest China is recognized as one of major centers of diversity for the genus. To further clarify the species diversity and geographical distribution of Corydalis in Xizang, this study integrated field surveys, literature reviews, herbarium specimen examinations, and phylogenetic analysis. The occurrence of C. drepanantha D. G. Long in China was confirmed for the first time, and its morphological characteristics and phylogenetic placement were investigated. The main results are as follows:(1)The rediscovery of C. drepanantha in China after nearly 90 years confirms its natural distribution within the country.(2)Phylogenetic analysis supports the placement of C. drepanantha within C. sect. Radicosae(Lidén)Lidén, and indicates that it is closely related to C. diffusa Lidén.(3)Morphologically, C. drepanantha can be clearly distinguished from its closely related species by the pale yellow apices of the inner petals, lanceolate ultimate leaf segments, and fruiting bracts that are usually longer than the pedicels. This study further enriches the data on the species diversity of the genus Corydalis in China, and provides a foundation for future taxonomic, phylogenetic, and biogeographic studies of the genus.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:47 1,2, GAO Pengwei^1,2, XIANG Chunlei^1*]]> XIAO Jinfei^1,2, GAO Pengwei^1,2, XIANG Chunlei^1* 18true Rudes-Craspedotrichae Clade of the genus Pedicularis. The results were as follows:(1)The Rudes-Craspedotrichae Clade was supported as a monophyletic group and was divided into 8 subclades.(2)The overall structure of the chloroplast genomes in this clade was relatively conserved, with inverted repeat(IR)expansion detected only in P. dolichocymba and P. galeata of Subclade 3.(3)Pseudogenization or loss occurred in 2-7 genes, including ccsA, ycf15, accD, and several ndh genes.(4)Intraspecific variation was observed in several ndh genes(ndhA, ndhD, ndhF, ndhG, ndhI)of P. rhodotricha from Subclade 7.(5)Nine highly variable regions were identified in the chloroplast genomes of this clade, and all 78 protein-coding genes were found to be under purifying selection. This study elucidates the characteristics of chloroplast genomes in the Rudes-Craspedotrichae Clade, reveals the importance of multi-population sampling at the intraspecific level for revealing chloroplast genome evolution in hemiparasites, and provides valuable insights for integrative taxonomic research on the genus Pedicularis.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:47 1,3, LIU Rong^1,3, WU You^1,3, YU Wenbin^2*, WANG Hong^1*]]> WANG Zexun^1,3, LIU Rong^1,3, WU You^1,3, YU Wenbin^2*, WANG Hong^1* 17true Rudes-Craspedotrichae Clade of the genus Pedicularis. The results were as follows:(1)The Rudes-Craspedotrichae Clade was supported as a monophyletic group and was divided into 8 subclades.(2)The overall structure of the chloroplast genomes in this clade was relatively conserved, with inverted repeat(IR)expansion detected only in P. dolichocymba and P. galeata of Subclade 3.(3)Pseudogenization or loss occurred in 2-7 genes, including ccsA, ycf15, accD, and several ndh genes.(4)Intraspecific variation was observed in several ndh genes(ndhA, ndhD, ndhF, ndhG, ndhI)of P. rhodotricha from Subclade 7.(5)Nine highly variable regions were identified in the chloroplast genomes of this clade, and all 78 protein-coding genes were found to be under purifying selection. This study elucidates the characteristics of chloroplast genomes in the Rudes-Craspedotrichae Clade, reveals the importance of multi-population sampling at the intraspecific level for revealing chloroplast genome evolution in hemiparasites, and provides valuable insights for integrative taxonomic research on the genus Pedicularis.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:47 1,3, LIU Rong^1,3, WU You^1,3, YU Wenbin^2*, WANG Hong^1*]]> WANG Zexun^1,3, LIU Rong^1,3, WU You^1,3, YU Wenbin^2*, WANG Hong^1* 16true Micromeles Decne. belongs to Rosaceae, and is characterized by simple leaves and without persistent sepals when fruiting. Micromeles is widely distributed in Asia, with approximately 33 species recognized globally and 28 species occurring in China. To clarify the classification status of Micromeles, this study sequenced 18 chloroplast genomes of Micromeles using high-throughput sequencing and integrated these new data with publicly available sequences from National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI), yielding a final dataset of 135 chloroplast genomes representing 134 species. Based on this dataset, a chloroplast genome phylogenetic tree of Micromeles was constructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The results were as follows:(1)Micromeles in traditional sense(simple leaves, fruits without persistent sepals)was non-monophyletic, but clustered into a clade with the Asian-distributed species of Aria(Pers.)Host(simple leaves, fruits with persistent sepals)and formed a sister group with Sorbus s.s.(pinnate leaves).(2)The European-distributed species of Aria, Chamaemespilus Medik. and Torminalis Medik. were clustered together and more closely related to Eriolobus (DC.)M. Roem.(3)Phylogenetic study results supported incorporating the Asian-distributed species of the genus Aria into the genus Micromeles, whereas the European-distributed species featuring persistent sepals should be retained within Aria.(4)Based on the phylogenetic results and literature, the expanded Micromeles was supported as a distinct monophyletic genus, and its species range was delimitated as comprising 59 species, including 4 new combinations(Micromeles chengii(C. J. Qi)Meng Li & C. F. Tian, comb. nov., M. eleonorae (Aldosoro)Meng Li & C. F. Tian, comb. nov., M. kohimensis (Watt ex C. B. Clarke)Meng Li & C. F. Tian, comb. nov., M. verticillata(Merr.)Meng Li & C. F. Tian, comb. nov.). This study provides important evidence for the systematics and evolution of the Maleae in Rosaceae.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:47 1, PAN Yujia¹, GAO Xinfen², LI Meng^1*]]> TIAN Changfen¹, PAN Yujia¹, GAO Xinfen², LI Meng^1* 15true Micromeles Decne. belongs to Rosaceae, and is characterized by simple leaves and without persistent sepals when fruiting. Micromeles is widely distributed in Asia, with approximately 33 species recognized globally and 28 species occurring in China. To clarify the classification status of Micromeles, this study sequenced 18 chloroplast genomes of Micromeles using high-throughput sequencing and integrated these new data with publicly available sequences from National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI), yielding a final dataset of 135 chloroplast genomes representing 134 species. Based on this dataset, a chloroplast genome phylogenetic tree of Micromeles was constructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. The results were as follows:(1)Micromeles in traditional sense(simple leaves, fruits without persistent sepals)was non-monophyletic, but clustered into a clade with the Asian-distributed species of Aria(Pers.)Host(simple leaves, fruits with persistent sepals)and formed a sister group with Sorbus s.s.(pinnate leaves).(2)The European-distributed species of Aria, Chamaemespilus Medik. and Torminalis Medik. were clustered together and more closely related to Eriolobus (DC.)M. Roem.(3)Phylogenetic study results supported incorporating the Asian-distributed species of the genus Aria into the genus Micromeles, whereas the European-distributed species featuring persistent sepals should be retained within Aria.(4)Based on the phylogenetic results and literature, the expanded Micromeles was supported as a distinct monophyletic genus, and its species range was delimitated as comprising 59 species, including 4 new combinations(Micromeles chengii(C. J. Qi)Meng Li & C. F. Tian, comb. nov., M. eleonorae (Aldosoro)Meng Li & C. F. Tian, comb. nov., M. kohimensis (Watt ex C. B. Clarke)Meng Li & C. F. Tian, comb. nov., M. verticillata(Merr.)Meng Li & C. F. Tian, comb. nov.). This study provides important evidence for the systematics and evolution of the Maleae in Rosaceae.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:47 1, PAN Yujia¹, GAO Xinfen², LI Meng^1*]]> TIAN Changfen¹, PAN Yujia¹, GAO Xinfen², LI Meng^1* 14true Rehmannia glutinosa(Scrophulariaceae), namely R. glutinosa f. aurum. The taxonomic status, application value and genetic characteristics of this newly discovered forma were determined based on a combination of morphological and anatomical observations, quantification of total anthocyanins and five iridoid glycoside components, a comprehensive literature review, molecular identification and detailed genetic analysis. The results were as follows:(1)R. glutinosa f. aurum could be distinguished from the typical form a mainly on the basis of its golden-yellow corolla tube, yellowish-white corolla lobes, and a relatively low content of total anthocyanin glycosides in the corolla.(2)Phylogenetic analysis results of both the multi-copy nuclear gene ITS and the single-copy nuclear gene R255 showed that R. glutinosa f. aurum and R. glutinosa were in the same clade, providing a strong evidence that these two forms belong to the same species.(3)The catalpol contents in the leaves and tuberous roots of R. glutinosa f. aurum were measured to be 5.15% and 4.51%, respectively, indicating that this new forma was rich in iridoid glycosides.(4)R. glutinosa f. aurum was crossed with the cultivated variety HF of R. glutinosa. All resulting F1 generation plants(HF/f. aurum)exhibited purple-red corollas. Subsequently, backcrossing was performed using R. glutinosa f. aurum as the recurrent parent and the F1 hybrid plants(HF/f. aurum)as the donor parent and obtained seed was BC1F1 generation. In the resulting BC1F1 population(HF/f. aurum//f. aurum), plants with purple corollas and plants with golden-yellow corollas segregated at a ratio of 4.17:1. In conclusion, R. glutinosa f. aurum found in this study represents a forma of R. glutinosa. The inhibition of anthocyanin biosynthesis is the primary reason for its unique flower coloration. Both its leaves and tuberous roots contain abundant iridoid glycosides, which are of potential medicinal value. Genetically, the flower color trait of this forma is likely controlled by two pairs of recessive genes. Taken together, these findings provide a solid scientific basis for the further development, conservation, and utilization of the germplasm resource of R. glutinosa f. aurum.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:48 1, DING Ning1, ZHENG Lianjun1, LI Mingming2, YANG Yahe1, ZHOU Mengjie1, ZHANG Zhongyi3, WANG Fengqing1*]]> HU Jingyi1, DING Ning1, ZHENG Lianjun1, LI Mingming2, YANG Yahe1, ZHOU Mengjie1, ZHANG Zhongyi3, WANG Fengqing1* 13true Planktothrix is one of the key genera responsible for cyanobacterial blooms. In order to explore its species diversity and distribution patterns in subtropical regions, particularly in South China, this study focused on a strain of Planktothrix mougeotii discovered in a eutrophic river in Nanning, Guangxi. A polyphasic approach was employed, integrating morphological examination, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and comparative analysis of the secondary structure of the internal transcribed spacer(ITS)region, to systematically determined the taxonomic status of the strain(WZU2314), and discussed phylogenetic relationships. The results were as follows:(1)Strain WZU2314 exhibits filaments 5.78 - 7.48 μm wide, with cells shorter than wide and gas vesicles concentrated in the central part of the cells, matching the morphological descriptions of P. mougeotii.(2)Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that WZU2314 clustered robustly within a clade containing reference strains of P. mougeotii (bootstrap values of NJ and ML were 100% and 94%, respectively; Bayesian posterior probability was 1), with a sequence similarity exceeding 99.91%.(3)The secondary structures of conserved ITS domains(D1-D1', Box-B, and V3 helices)showed both conserved features within the genus and species-specific characteristics, providing further corroboration at the molecular conformational level for its classification at the species level. This study confirms, for the first time, the presence of P. mougeotii in Guangxi. This finding extends the record of cyanobacterial diversity in Guangxi, and provides essential support for further research into the distribution status of cyanobacteria in subtropical eutrophic waters and their relationship with bloom formation.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:48 1, ZHANG Bangyue², HU Xiang¹, CHENG Yao¹, XIAO Peng¹, ZHANG He¹, ZUO Jun¹, LI Renhui^1*]]> LIU Yuting¹, ZHANG Bangyue², HU Xiang¹, CHENG Yao¹, XIAO Peng¹, ZHANG He¹, ZUO Jun¹, LI Renhui^1* 12true Orchipedum Breda(Orchidaceae)is newly reported in China, with O. echinatum Aver. & Averyanova as the sole species. This study provides detailed morphological descriptions in Chinese for both the genus and the species, along with a key to the species of Orchipedum and color photographs of O. echinatum. The genus is characterized by a lip with two longitudinal keels and a spherical spur containing two large calli, each covered with conical to glandular appendages. Orchipedum was previously known to include only four species, all recorded from the Indochinese Peninsula to the Malay Archipelago. The leaves of O. echinatum are elliptic-ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, and its sepals and petals are olive-pink. The lip is irregularly grooved on the sides, with the epichile distinctly folded inward. Until now, O. echinatum had been recorded at only two locations in central and southern Vietnam. The discovery of new populations in the understory of karst forest near ravines in Dawei Mountain, Yunnan Province, China, expands the known distribution range of Orchipedum and adds valuable data to China's wild orchid resources.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:48 1,2, CAI Lei¹, PING Yanmei³, ZHANG Guisheng⁴, ZHANG Guiliang^4*, YA Jidong^5*]]> XIAO Siyue^1,2, CAI Lei¹, PING Yanmei³, ZHANG Guisheng⁴, ZHANG Guiliang^4*, YA Jidong^5* 11true Saussurea ispajensis Iljin and Rhaponticum lyratum C.Winkl. ex Iljin, respectively. Furthermore, morphological descriptions, plant photographs, distribution sites, and habitat information for the two newly recorded species were provided. The discovery of these two newly recorded species not only enriches the diversity of Asteraceae in China but also provides important biogeographical evidence for elucidating the historical dispersal routes between the Central Asian and the Northwest Chinese floras, while adding new taxa to China-Kyrgyzstan cross-border biodiversity conservation.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:48 1, 2, LI Le^1,2, LUO Chengwen^1,2, MAMUT Adil¹, LI Pan³, YANG Zhaoping^{1, 2*}]]> ZENG Siwei^{1, 2}, LI Le^1,2, LUO Chengwen^1,2, MAMUT Adil¹, LI Pan³, YANG Zhaoping^{1, 2*} 10true Aspidistra in China, a taxonomic study was conducted on specimens collected from Malipo County, Yunnan Province, along the China-Vietnam border region. Based on field investigations and ex situ cultivation observations, combined with comparative analyses of morphological characteristics, examination of herbarium specimens, and verification of relevant literature, as well as palynological observations using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), the plant was identified as Aspidistra stellata Aver. & Tillich. This species is reported here as a new record for China. Previously, it was only known from Tuyên Quang Province, Vietnam. The species is characterized by linear-lanceolate perianth lobes that are conspicuously longer than the perianth tube, a peltate pistil, and a stigma with a diameter of 8 - 10 mm. Morphologically, it resembles A. melanaster Aver., K. S. Nguyen & Tillich, differing mainly in leaf and flower size. However, the two species share overlapping distributions and flower coloration, suggesting a close phylogenetic relationship that warrants further investigation to clarify species boundaries. In addition, the present study corrects inaccuracies in the original description regarding the stigma. Detailed information on morphological description, geographical distribution, and palynology information is provided, along with color photographic plates. A diagnostic key to species of Aspidistra with perianth lobes longer than the perianth tube(with included stigma)is also constructed to facilitate identification. In conclusion, the discovery of this newly recorded species not only enriches the known species composition of Aspidistra in China but also supplements baseline data on the diversity of the family Asparagaceae, providing new empirical evidence for understanding the formation and evolutionary history of the flora in the China-Vietnam border region.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:48 1,2, YOU Yue^1,2, WANG Bingmou³, LIN Chunrui^2*]]> WAN Xinyu^1,2, YOU Yue^1,2, WANG Bingmou³, LIN Chunrui^2* 9true Elatostema and Pilea showing the most significant variability. This pattern was hypothesized to be associated with their adaptation to the extreme karst habitats; at the chromosome basic number level, Elatostema was predominantly characterized by x=13, while Pilea was primarily characterized by x=12.(2)The FCSS results clearly demonstrated a consistent correlation between ploidy and reproductive pathway, diploid individuals engaged in sexual reproduction, whereas triploid individuals primarily formed seeds via apomixis. In conclusion, apomixis acts as a critical adaptive mechanism for circumventing the “triploid block”, the reproductive barrier faced by odd polyploids during sexual reproduction; the synergistic interplay of chromosome basic number variation, polyploidization, and apomixis within the tribe Elatostemateae is posited as a significant evolutionary driver for the ecological adaptation and resulting diversification of its species in karst environments.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:48 1,2, XIONG Chi², XIN Zibing², WEN Fang², FU Longfei^2*]]> WEI Jing^1,2, XIONG Chi², XIN Zibing², WEN Fang², FU Longfei^2* 8true Elatostema and Pilea showing the most significant variability. This pattern was hypothesized to be associated with their adaptation to the extreme karst habitats; at the chromosome basic number level, Elatostema was predominantly characterized by x=13, while Pilea was primarily characterized by x=12.(2)The FCSS results clearly demonstrated a consistent correlation between ploidy and reproductive pathway, diploid individuals engaged in sexual reproduction, whereas triploid individuals primarily formed seeds via apomixis. In conclusion, apomixis acts as a critical adaptive mechanism for circumventing the “triploid block”, the reproductive barrier faced by odd polyploids during sexual reproduction; the synergistic interplay of chromosome basic number variation, polyploidization, and apomixis within the tribe Elatostemateae is posited as a significant evolutionary driver for the ecological adaptation and resulting diversification of its species in karst environments.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:48 1,2, XIONG Chi², XIN Zibing², WEN Fang², FU Longfei^2*]]> WEI Jing^1,2, XIONG Chi², XIN Zibing², WEN Fang², FU Longfei^2* 7true Aucuba, to explore their taxonomic significance, and provide objective morphological evidence for species classification within this genus, this study examined 10 species and 7 varieties of Chinese Aucuba using light microscopy(LM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results are as follows:(1)Stomatal apparatuses in Aucuba occur exclusively on the abaxial leaf epidermis, ranging from nearly round to oval in shape. The guard cells are kidney-shaped, overlying 5-7 undifferentiated epidermal cells and surrounded by them, lacking subsidiary cells. This represents a novel stomatal type termed the “Platanus-Type”.(2)Cluster analysis of micro-morphological characteristics reveals that Chinese Aucuba species can be divided into two groups: Group Ⅰ exhibits a relatively smooth cuticular surface, papillae adaxial epidermis, sinuolate to sinuous anticlinal walls, and predominantly round stomatal apparatuses; Group Ⅱ is characterized by cuticles with abundant wax, sinuous to sinuate anticlinal walls, and sub-round to oval stomatal apparatuses. These groupings align completely with the traditional morphological classification of “green-flowered tree group” and “red-flowered shrub group”.(3)Leaf epidermal characteristics supported certain taxonomic revisions, such as recognizing A. grandiflora and A. cavinervis as distinct species, but do not support the recognition of A. chinensis var. angusta as the variety of A. chinensis. In conclusion, the micro-morphological characteristics of leaf epidermis have significant taxonomic value at the group level in Chinese Aucuba, and provide a reference value for the identification of certain species within the genus.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:48 1, FAN Zhichao¹, LIN Zhiyi¹, CHEN Nier², ZENG Lingfu¹, PAN Chaomei¹, TONG Yi^1,3*]]> LAN Yaoqing¹, FAN Zhichao¹, LIN Zhiyi¹, CHEN Nier², ZENG Lingfu¹, PAN Chaomei¹, TONG Yi^1,3* 6true Hemiboea C. B. Clarke — namely H. esquirolii H. Lév., H. gamosepala Z. Yu. Li, and H. follicularis C. B. Clarke var. retroflexa Yan Liu & Y. S. Huang — and to resolve issues of ambiguous species delineation and taxonomic controversy within the genus, this study integrated examinations of original literature, specimens, and field observations, revealing that:(1)The previous taxonomic treatment of H. esquirolii as a synonym of H. follicularis C. B. Clarke is not appropriate;(2)H. esquirolii is actually synonymous with H. follicularis var. retroflexa;(3)The type specimens of H. gamosepala contain mixed materials from two species within Hemiboea, and the plant materials in the holotype and isotype specimens are actually misidentified H. cavaleriei H. Lév. In accordance with the provisions and recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants(Madrid Code)(2025), we hereby reinstate H. esquirolii as an independent specific rank, treat H. gamosepala as a synonym of H. cavaleriei, and treat H. follicularis var. retroflexa as a synonym of H. esquirolii. This study clarifies the taxonomic relationships among three dubious taxa within Hemiboea, providing a theoretical foundation for subsequent research into the phylogenetic evolution of the genus, as well as for the conservation and rational utilization of its species resources.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:48 1, MENG Dechang², LI Zhi¹, HE Songtao¹, WEN Fang^3,4, BAI Xinxiang^1*, HU Guoxiong⁵]]> LIANG Ping¹, MENG Dechang², LI Zhi¹, HE Songtao¹, WEN Fang^3,4, BAI Xinxiang^1*, HU Guoxiong⁵ 5true Opithandra B. L. Burtt, an artificial genus established on the basis of a single morphological character, namely having two fertile posticous stamens, was merged into Oreocharis Benth. In this study, we observed a plant species(Oreocharis sp.)which is similar to Oreocharis burttii (W. T. Wang)Mich. Möller & A. Weber in the Qingyunshan Nature Reserve of Shaoguan, Guangdong, China, but it exhibits variable numbers of fertile stamens. To clarify the taxonomic identity of this unusual population and to evaluate whether it should be treated as conspecific with O. burttii, we performed species delimitation on this population using both morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses. The results are as follows:(1)Both morphological and molecular data support that the unidentified species discovered in Qingyunshan Nature Reserve is O. burttii. It is highly consistent with O. burttii in core diagnostic characters, including the morphological characteristics of leaves and flowers. On the phylogenetic tree, its sample clusters into one clade together with the two samples of O. burttii.(2)The population discovered in Qingyunshan Nature Reserve differs from the protologue in the sizes of several morphological traits. Compared to the original description, individuals in this population possess longer petioles(5.7-13.5 cm vs. 0.5-5.4 cm), wider leaf blades(4.6-5.4 cm vs. 1.7-4.0 cm), cymes with longer peduncles(5-12 cm vs. 2-6 cm), larger calyxes(ca. 5 mm × 2 mm vs. 3.5-3.8 mm × ca. 1 mm)and larger corolla tubes(ca. 15 mm × 7 mm vs. 10-14 mm × ca. 3.5 mm).(3)The population discovered in Qingyunshan Nature Reserve differs from the protologue in quantity of the cyme branch orders, number of flowers and number of fertile stamens. Specifically, it has more orders of cyme branches(2-3 vs. 1-2), more flowers(5-14 vs. 2-7), and a variable number of fertile stamens [in 20 individuals: 1(5%, rare); 2(70%); 3(12.5%); 4(12.5%)] vs. 2. In conclusion, this study provides a supplementary morphological description for O. burttii. These findings expand the known range of morphological variation for this species, contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of its intraspecific morphological variation, provide essential foundational data for future accurate identification and taxonomic revision.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:48 1, XIE Chonglin^2*, YANG Xindong², ZENG Xianxing², CHEN Liubao², HUANG Qinghua², XU Han^1*]]> HUANG Ruizhou¹, XIE Chonglin^2*, YANG Xindong², ZENG Xianxing², CHEN Liubao², HUANG Qinghua², XU Han^1* 4true Opithandra B. L. Burtt, an artificial genus established on the basis of a single morphological character, namely having two fertile posticous stamens, was merged into Oreocharis Benth. In this study, we observed a plant species(Oreocharis sp.)which is similar to Oreocharis burttii (W. T. Wang)Mich. Möller & A. Weber in the Qingyunshan Nature Reserve of Shaoguan, Guangdong, China, but it exhibits variable numbers of fertile stamens. To clarify the taxonomic identity of this unusual population and to evaluate whether it should be treated as conspecific with O. burttii, we performed species delimitation on this population using both morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analyses. The results are as follows:(1)Both morphological and molecular data support that the unidentified species discovered in Qingyunshan Nature Reserve is O. burttii. It is highly consistent with O. burttii in core diagnostic characters, including the morphological characteristics of leaves and flowers. On the phylogenetic tree, its sample clusters into one clade together with the two samples of O. burttii.(2)The population discovered in Qingyunshan Nature Reserve differs from the protologue in the sizes of several morphological traits. Compared to the original description, individuals in this population possess longer petioles(5.7-13.5 cm vs. 0.5-5.4 cm), wider leaf blades(4.6-5.4 cm vs. 1.7-4.0 cm), cymes with longer peduncles(5-12 cm vs. 2-6 cm), larger calyxes(ca. 5 mm × 2 mm vs. 3.5-3.8 mm × ca. 1 mm)and larger corolla tubes(ca. 15 mm × 7 mm vs. 10-14 mm × ca. 3.5 mm).(3)The population discovered in Qingyunshan Nature Reserve differs from the protologue in quantity of the cyme branch orders, number of flowers and number of fertile stamens. Specifically, it has more orders of cyme branches(2-3 vs. 1-2), more flowers(5-14 vs. 2-7), and a variable number of fertile stamens [in 20 individuals: 1(5%, rare); 2(70%); 3(12.5%); 4(12.5%)] vs. 2. In conclusion, this study provides a supplementary morphological description for O. burttii. These findings expand the known range of morphological variation for this species, contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of its intraspecific morphological variation, provide essential foundational data for future accurate identification and taxonomic revision.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:48 1, XIE Chonglin^2*, YANG Xindong², ZENG Xianxing², CHEN Liubao², HUANG Qinghua², XU Han^1*]]> HUANG Ruizhou¹, XIE Chonglin^2*, YANG Xindong², ZENG Xianxing², CHEN Liubao², HUANG Qinghua², XU Han^1* 3true Phyllanthus sensu lato(s. l.)is the core group of Phyllanthaceae and exhibits high diversity in life form, floral, seed and pollen morphology, indicating that the genus is not monophyletic. Recent studies based on molecular and morphological data have segregated Phyllanthus s. l. into ten monophyletic genera. In this study, one new species and one newly recorded species of Phyllanthaceae from Guangxi, China are reported, namely Cathetus filipes D. X. Nong, B. Y. Huang & Z. Xiong, and Emblica pacoensis(Thin)R. W. Bouman(newly recorded). Both species occur in karst mountains of southwestern China and northern Vietnam. Detailed morphological descriptions, phenology and distribution information are provided. Cathetus filipes is morphologically similar to C. clarkei(Hook. f.)R. W. Bouman, but differs by its usually reddish-brown branchlets, distinctly longer pedicels, filaments up to 3 mm long, connate in the lower about 2.5 mm and free above, and longer stigmas. Emblica pacoensis is similar to E. tsarongensis(W. W. Sm.)R. W. Bouman, but can be distinguished by its orbicular, ovate or ovate-lanceolate leaves with veins raised adaxially, and cymes consisting of one female flower and several male flowers. Phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences, using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference, confirm the phylogenetic positions of the two species: Cathetus filipes is nested in the Cathetus clade, whereas Emblica pacoensis falls into the Emblica clade. These discoveries enrich China's biodiversity inventory of Phyllanthaceae, correct previous misidentifications of herbarium specimens, and are significant for understanding the floristic composition and evolution of plants in karst areas.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:48 1, XIONG Zheng¹, NONG Donghong², HUANG Baoyou¹, HUANG Xueyan¹, PENG Yude¹, YU Liying^1*]]> NONG Dongxin¹, XIONG Zheng¹, NONG Donghong², HUANG Baoyou¹, HUANG Xueyan¹, PENG Yude¹, YU Liying^1* 2true Breynia trinervia(Phyllanthaceae)in China, this study employed traditional morphogeographical methods to examine voucher specimens cited in early literature and related herbarium collections. The results were as follows:(1)The specimens cited in literature for the previously reported distribution of this species in Huize County and Kaiyuan City, Yunnan, China, were actually Colubrina javanica(Rhamnaceae), indicating, the previous distribution records of B. trinervia in these areas resulted from specimen misidentification.(2)Further examination revealed a specimen collected from Yingjiang County, Yunnan, whose diagnostic morphological characters(ovate-lanceolate leaves, three basal veins, and star-shaped calyx in male flowers)are consistent with the type specimen of B. trinervia, confirming its natural distribution in China.(3)Based on specimen observations and literature review, this study provides detailed morphological descriptions of B. trinervia in both Chinese and English, and discusses the biogeographical implications of its distribution. In conclusion, this work corrects the previous errors in the distribution records of B. trinervia, confirms the natural distribution of B. trinervia in Yingjiang County, Yunnan, China, provides a evidence for the taxonomic research of species in the genus Breynia in China, and substantiates the biogeographical importance of Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, as a transition zone between the Paleotropical and East Asian floras.]]> 2026/10/16 9:36:48 *]]> YANG Feng, WANG Huanchong^* 1true