Clematis tongluensis, a species distributed in Nepal, Bhutan, Northeast Indida and Bangladesh, was discovered this summer from Southeast Tibet Autonomous Region of China. This species is related to Clemateis montana Buch.-Ham. ex DC., differing from the latter in its oblong sepals caudate-acuminate at apex and hairy adaxially, glabrous abaxially. In C. montana, the sepals are obovate, at apex rounded, and glabrous adaxially, puberulous abaxially.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 WANG Wen-tsai 18true Teucrium qingyuanense, a new species of Lamiaceae from Qingyuan County, Zhejiang Province of East China, is here described and illustrated. The new species resembles T. omeiense and T. simplex, but it differs from the former in having stems, rachises and pedicels densely retrorse-pubescent, calices outside pubescent and glandular or glandulose, corolla outside densely glandulose and pubescent, styles sparsely glandulose. It differs from the latter in having stems, rachises and pedicels densely retrorse-pubescent, calices outside pubescent and glandular or glandulose, 2 teeth of lower lip narrowly triangular, apex acute, corolla outside densely glandulose and pubescent, middle lobe broadly ovate, apex acute. SEM observation on indumentum of stems, leaves and calices, together with phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences supported T. qingyuanense as a distinguished and independent species.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, JIN Xiaofeng², XU Yueliang³, DING Bingyang^4*]]> CHEN Deliang¹, JIN Xiaofeng², XU Yueliang³, DING Bingyang^4* 17true Osmanthus austrozhejiangensis Z.H. Chen, W.Y. Xie et X. Liu, a new species of Osmanthus Lour. from Zhejiang, is described with illustrations and color photographs. This new species is similar to O. pubipedicellatus Chia ex H.T. Chang in having cyme and puberulent on petiole, bract, pedicel, but differs from the former in having leaf blade obovate, obovate-elliptic or elliptic,(5.5-)8-10(-13)cm long,(2.2-)3 -4.5(-5)cm wide, apex acute or shortly acuminate, margin acutely serrate or entire, lateral veins 8-10 pairs; flowers larger, corolla tube 2.2-2.3 mm, lobes 2.2-3.0 mm; filaments 1.3-1.5 mm, anthers ca.1.2 mm. The discovery of this species provides new materials for studying the migration and evolution of Osmanthus from Southwest to Northeast in East Asia.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, LIU Xi², MEI Xudong³, CHEN Feng¹, CHEN Zhenghai^1*]]> XIE Wenyuan¹, LIU Xi², MEI Xudong³, CHEN Feng¹, CHEN Zhenghai^1* 16true Haematomma from China was based on morphological, chemical and ecological charactersistics. More than 200 lichen specimens of Haematomma from China were studied. Haematomma muriformis R. Tang & Z. J. Ren is described as a new species. It is characterized by large muriform ascospores(75-87.5×12.5-20 μm)and the production of atranorin, haematommone and arthothelin. While, Haematomma matogrossense Kalb & Staiger is found from China for the first time. Based on detailed studies, morpholegical and anatomical photos and a key to all known Chinese Haematomma species are provided. The present study is very important for clarifing the species composition and local distribution of lichens of Haematomma in China and provides the basic information for the Lichen Flora of China.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, TANG Rong², DONG Linlin³, ZHANG Lulu^{3 *}]]> REN Zhaojie¹, TANG Rong², DONG Linlin³, ZHANG Lulu^{3 *} 15true Heptaptera, Keraymonia and Hymenolaena, all other genera within this clade are not monophyletic, with the type species of some genera(e.g. Physospermopsis, Pimpinella and Trachydium etc.)falling into other major clades of Apioideae. Therefore, the traditional circumscription between genera has been broken, which will bring a series of nomenclatural transfers. As the East-Asia Clade includes some medicinally important plants, to establish a set of standard identification system suitable for it will greatly promote the healthy development of traditional Chinese medicine industry, and provide guidance for folk safe medication. Furthermore, questions to be solved in its future study are also discussed.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, GUO Mingjia¹, LIU Zhenwen^2*]]> ZHOU Jing¹, GUO Mingjia¹, LIU Zhenwen^2* 14true Iris plants have important ornamental and economic values. The study on the phylogenetic relationship of Iris is of great significance for the conservation, utilization and genetic breeding of Iris. At present, the systematic relations of the taxonomic units of Iris have been long in dispute. Thus, this paper reviewed the progress of molecular phylogeny of Iris from the systematic relations of different taxonomic units based on the traditional taxonomy system. The results were as follows: Iris is paraphyletic with multiple origins, while the Subgen. Iris, Subgen. Limniris are both polyphyletic. Subgen. Scorpiris can be divided into five branches, among which the Sect. Juno is polyphyletic. The Ser. Californicae and Subser. Chrysographes may be composite species groups, which blurred the boundary of morphologic features among sibling species of the two lineages. Some species with unclear taxonomic statuses in classical taxonomy has been confirmed, which showed that Belamcanda chinensis and Iris dichotoma should be incorporated into Iris. I. tuberosa and I. subdichotoma should be classified into Subgen. Hermodactyloides and Subgen. Nepalensis, respectively. We also prospected the related researches focusing on the origin, distribution and evolution history of Iris and put forward some suggestions on the research methods aiming to provide reference for further study.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1,2, FENG Shucheng^{1, 2}, XIAO Yue'e², YU Fengyang², ZHU Shuxia¹, WANG Xianrong^1*]]> CHENG Lin^1,2, FENG Shucheng^{1, 2}, XIAO Yue'e², YU Fengyang², ZHU Shuxia¹, WANG Xianrong^1* 13true Cucurbita moschata SWEET gene(CmSWEET), based on the known pumpkin genome database. The results were of follows: 21 CmSWEET genes were identified and divided into four subfamilies(I, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and IV)by phylogenetic analysis, including 3, 5, 10 and 3 genes respectively. In addition, the gene structure, transmembrane domain and conserved motif showed that CmSWEET genes were very conserved in evolution. The results of chromosome mapping showed that CmSWEET genes were unevenly distributed on 13 of 21 chromosomes and did not exist on chromosomes Cm00, Cm01, Cm03, Cm05, Cm07, Cm09, Cm19 and Cm20. Analysis of promoter cis-acting element showed that the CmSWEET genes were related to plant hormone response(abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and auxin), and may also participate in response to various environmental stresses. Finally, the phylogenetic relationship was revealed from phylogenetic tree and gene collinearity. This study systematically identified the SWEET genes family in C. moschata at the whole genome level, which provided a basis for further understanding the SWEET gene of C. moschatas and other Cucurbitaceae crops, and also provided an important candidate gene for further functional analysis.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, YUAN Jingping^2,3*]]> SHEN Changwei¹, YUAN Jingping^2,3* 12true Epimedium taxa(43 species, 1 subspecies, 6 varieties, and 1 cultivar)and two Vancouveria species was conducted in the present study. Especially, the 53 taxa studied were clustered by their karyotype resemblance-near coefficients because the interspecific karyotypes are very similar and the traditional karyotype analysis cannot provide significant evidence for the studies on genetics and evolution in Epimedium. The results were as follows: The 53 taxa studied all were diploid with 12 chromosomes(2n=2x=12), the genome of each taxon had one pair of satellites located on the pair I of homologous chromosomes, respectively, and the karyotype types of the 53 species studied all were type 1A or 2A of Stebbins. It can be concluded that the interspecific karyotypes were indeed very similar and the genomes evolvement were rather conservative in genus Epimedium. The cluster analysis of karyotype resemblance-near coefficients can provide some valuable clues for the studies on the systematics and taxonomy in genus Epimedium. Results of the cluster analysis by the karyotype resemblance-near coefficients strongly supported the previous taxonomic division of Subgen. Rhizophyllum and Subgen. Epimedium in genus Epimedium. The results also showed that the interspecific relationship was closely correlated to the geographical distribution in genus Epimedium and that the genomes of the taxa native to East Asia had obvious variation and more high genetic diversity. Finally, the formation of modern geographical distribution of genus Epimedium was inferred in the present study. Results of the present study have significant scientific values in the further studies on the resources utilization, taxonomy, and phylogenetics in genus Epimedium.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1,2, LI Shuang^1,2, WU Jing^1,3, SHENG Maoyin^1,3*]]> CHEN Yongbi^1,2, LI Shuang^1,2, WU Jing^1,3, SHENG Maoyin^1,3* 11true Punica and Trapa in Lythraceae were supported.(5)Additionally, the sequence divergence of the protein-coding genes was estimated. For Melastomataceae, 53 variable protein-coding genes were identified, with the variation percentage ranged from 5.84% to 29.53% among the 19 genera. In Myrtaceae, the proportion of variability of 57 variable protein-coding genes ranged from 1.31% to 15.78% among the nine genera. Our study provides an important framework for further phylogenetic study in Myrtales and related groups.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, SONG Weiwu^2*, XIAO Jianjia¹, LI Chaoqiong¹, LIU Hongzhan¹]]> WANG Xueqin¹, SONG Weiwu^2*, XIAO Jianjia¹, LI Chaoqiong¹, LIU Hongzhan¹ 10true Alsophila(Cyatheaceae)were taken as examples to explore the materials suitable for the study of chromosome numbers of ferns. As there are no time, season and quantitative restrictions in sampling, gametophytes were recommended as experimental materials for the study of chromosome numbers of ferns.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1*, XIANG Jianying², CHENG Xiao³ ]]> WANG Zijuan^1*, XIANG Jianying², CHENG Xiao³ 9true Fabronia moss species, F. pusilla and F. matsumurae, were observed and described at the micron level by means of indoor artificial cultivation in order to obtain the correlation between spore germination type and phylogeny, ecological selection and reproductive strategy selection of this genus. The results were as follows:(1)The spores of both species germinated outside the wall and produced chloronema twigs that composed of 1-15 semicircular cells;(2)Caulonema cells of F. pusilla were differentiated and formed from the top of chloronema whereas caulonema cells were undifferentiated in F. matsumurae;(3)Gametophyte initial cells of both species were differentiated and formed from chloronema. On the basis of previous studies, in this experiment, referring to Nishida's classification standard for moss spore germination, spore germination of the two Fabronia Raddi moss species were analyzed and determined to be of Maromitrium-type, providing developmental evidence for the systematic classification of this genus.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, CAO Zhen², ZHANG Hao¹, NIU Yulu³, WANG Zhenjie², ZHAO Jiancheng⁴]]> HUANG Shiliang¹, CAO Zhen², ZHANG Hao¹, NIU Yulu³, WANG Zhenjie², ZHAO Jiancheng⁴ 8true Euonymus L. and Glyptopetalum Thw. has been controversial for a long time. In order to clarify it, we selected 31 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)(12 from Glyptopetalum, 17 from Euonymus, and 2 from Microtropis Wall. ex Meisn.), measured 56 morphological characters of them, and performed cluster analysis(unweighted pair group method using arithmetic average)as well as principal coordinate analysis. The results were as follows: Glyptopetalum and Euonymus had a high morphological similarity, between which were some transition groups, e. g. Euonymus chloranthoides Yang, E. pallidifolius Hayata, Glyptopetalum fengii (Chun et F. C. How)Ding Hou, and G. geloniifolium(Chun et F. C. How)C. Y. Cheng. The study suggested that it is more reasonable to place Glyptopetalum as Euonymus Sect. Glyptopetalum, near Euonymus Sect. Ilicifolia. The principal coordinate analysis(PCoA)showed the great taxonomic value of some characters in Euonymus, including leaf blade length and width, number of lateral veins, petals, locules, ovules per locule, inflorescence branches, presence/absence of aril, dehiscence of capsule, flowering time, and infructescence stalk length.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1,2, MENG Shiyong³, LIU Quanru^1*]]> LIU Huiyuan^1,2, MENG Shiyong³, LIU Quanru^1* 7true Hibiscus syriacus cultivars and their relationships, we observed morphological characteristics and exine sculpture of 22 H. syriacus pollen grains by scanning electron microscope, and used R-type cluster analysis and principal component analysis to extract appropriate indicators for UPGMA cluster analysis. The results were as follows:(1)The pollen of H. syriacus was single-spherical, nearly spherical with diameter of 148.98-111.65 μm with thorn-like ornamentation on the surface with length of 27.42-14.79 μm; The tip of the thorn was sharp, and the thorns distributed around scattered pores; The pollen surface was distributed with granular protrusions and the apertures were irregular.(2)UPGMA cluster analysis was performed after extracting principal components of the measured indicators. When the Euclidean mean distance threshold was 6, 22 H. syriacus cultivars were divided into six categories. The single-petal blue-violet cultivars ‘Bluebird', ‘Dan Ban Zi Fen' and ‘Xi Ye' had close relationships, and semidouble cultivars ‘Lavender Chiffon' and ‘China Chiffon', ‘Pink Chiffon' had close relationships, while white single-petal ‘Wood Bridge' and ‘Hamabo' were relatively close. It was believed that the single-petal blue-violet cultivars in H. syriacus were more primitive than the pink and white semidouble cultivars, while purple semidouble cultivars were more evolved and the white single-petal cultivars were highly evolved. The results of this study provide theoretical basis for genetic evolution, taxonomic status, and genetic relationship studies in H. syriacus.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, FENG Qi¹, TIAN Lin¹, ZHANG Jiapei¹, WANG Xin¹, LIU Yichao^{1, 2}, LIU Dongyun^1*]]> ZHAO Yixuan¹, FENG Qi¹, TIAN Lin¹, ZHANG Jiapei¹, WANG Xin¹, LIU Yichao^{1, 2}, LIU Dongyun^1* 6true Poncirus polyandra belongs to the genus Poncirus Raf. of Rutaceae. Since it was published, its taxonomic status has always been controversial. In Flora of China, P. polyandra was regarded as a Citrus hybrid(Poncirus polyandra), and the genus Poncirus was included in the genus Citrus. In this study, we used three chloroplast DNA fragments(trnL-trnF, trnS-trnG, rbcL), ITS and one single copy nuclear genes(Chr5)to construct phylogenetic trees to explore the taxonomic status of the genus Poncirus and P. polyandra. We sampled a total of 47 individuals from ten species, including P. polyandra and P. trifoliata of the genus Poncirus as well as eight other species of the genus Citrus by using Murraya exotica was used as the outgroup. The results were as follows: The maximum likelihood trees(ML)and Bayesian inference trees(BI)constructed by all data were basically identical in topological structure. The cpDNA results showed that all species were clustered into two clades: eight species of Citrus were clustered into one major clade, and P. polyandra and P. trifoliata were clustered into another major clade. Meanwhile, all individuals of P. polyandra and P. trifoliata were grouped into a monophyletic subclade respectively, supporting the independence of Poncirus and P. polyandra could exist independently; However, the results of two nuclear DNA fragments showed that two species of Poncirus and the eight species of Citrus clustered into a large clade, indicating that the genus Poncirus cannot be recognized independently. Moreover, nine individuals of P. polyandra were monophyletic, suggesting that P. polyandra was a genetically independent lineage. In summary, both chloroplast DNA data and nuclear DNA data supported that P. polyandra was an independent taxa, but nuclear DNA data from our study did not support the independence of Poncirus.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, GONG Xun², FENG Xiuyan^2*]]> ZHANG Yu¹, GONG Xun², FENG Xiuyan^2* 5true Batrachium bungei; Scalariform perforation plates were found in four species, i.e. Callianthemum taipaicum, Adonis sutchuenensis, Ranunculus sceleratus and Halerpestes cymbalaria, but not for Ranunculus chinensis, Oxygraphis glacialis and Ceratocephalus orthoceras; Perforation plates of vessel elements of Adonis sutchuenensis were diverse, including simple perforation plate, scalariform perforation plate, reticulate perforation plate, gnetum type perforation plate, and scalariform-reticulate perforation plate; Simple perforation plate, scalariform perforation plate, and reticulate perforation plate were found in Halerpestes cymbalaria. In this study, we did not found vessel elements by dissociation the root and stem of Batrachium bungei. On the contrary, we found that there were annular vessels by semithin section. We also found that the side walls, and the pit membranes were unbroken or residual. The length diversities of those vessel elements of Ranunculeae were very high. There were significant differences in the average length of vessel elements in different species of Ranunculeae. At the same time, the differences were conspicious among different types of vessel elements even in the same species. We also discussed the adaptive significance of different types of vessel elements and the systematic position of Ranunculeae in the family Ranuculaceae. The results indicate that micro-structures of the vessel elements are also adapted to their growing environments. The vessel elements of Callianthemum taipaicum, Adonis sutchuenensis and Oxygraphis glacialis were related to their cold environments and those of Ceratocephalus orthoceras and Batrachium bungei were related to xerophytic and aquatic environment, respectively.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, 2*]]> LUO Minrong^{1, 2*} 4true Ziziphus jujuba cv. Lingwuchangzao fruit vascular bundles phloem and its surrounding parenchyma cells were analysed to discover the phloem unloading and transport pathway of photoassimilates. The results were as follows: SE/CC complex and its surrounding phloem parenchyma cells between riched plasmodesmata, and phloem parenchyma cells and surrounding cells and adjacent flesh parenchyma cells were almost non-existent plasmodesmata and formed symplastic isolation in the early bulking period; In the rapid enlargement period, plasmodesmata were found between SE/CC complex and the surrounding parenchyma cells, but the number significantly reduced compared with the early bulking period; In the coloring period, SE/CC complex and its surrounding parenchyma cells had less plasmodesmatas and appeared blockade phenomenon; In the maturation period, there were not almost plasmodesmata between sieve tube elements and companion cells, some sieve tube elements had less plasmodesmatas but appeared blockade phenomena, flesh parenchyma cells and phloem parenchyma cells formed symplastic isolation because of plasmodesmatas blockade phenomena. Therefore, the unloading of photoassimilates from sieve tube element was symplast pathway and adopted apoplastic pathway after unloading into vacuole storage and utilization in the early bulking period, the unloading transportant of photoassimilates took the symplast and apoplastic concomitant pathway in the rapid enlargement period, transportation of photoassimilates from sieve tube element to storage parenchyma cells was based on apoplastic pathway in the coloring period and the maturation period fruit.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 1, ZHANG Yingcai^1*, SU Weidong², HAI Yuan¹, ZHANG Yuan¹, JING Hongxia¹]]> HUANG Yue¹, ZHANG Yingcai^1*, SU Weidong², HAI Yuan¹, ZHANG Yuan¹, JING Hongxia¹ 3true Alternanthera philoxeroides)adapts to both aquatic and terrestrial habitats due to its phenotypic plasticity, high growth rate and asexual reproduction. The anatomical structure, histochemical characteristics, and apoptotic permeability of adventitious roots and stems of A. philoxeroides growing at aquatic and terrestrial habitats were studied using light and fluorescence microscope. The results were as follows:(1)The aquatic adventitious roots had a large schizogenous aerenchyma in cortex, casparian bands, suberin lamellae and lignin on the endodermis, heavily lignified in cortex and hypodermis and without secondary growth.(2)The terrestrial adventitious roots had secondary growth, with intercellular aerenchyma in cortex, casparian bands, suberin lamellae and lignin on the endodermis, slightly lignified in cortex and hypodermis; Additionally, the terrestrial adventitious roots had supernumerary cambia which produce secondary vascular bundles, parenchyma and adventitious buds; The old perennial adventitious roots possessed dilated parenchyma, and periderm had casparian bands, suberin lamellae and lignin.(3)The stolons in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats had pith, pith cavity, endodermis, collenchyma, and secondary growth, with schizo-lysigeny aerenchyma in cortex, and cuticle with suberin lamellae and lignin. The periderm possessed suberin lamellae, and lignin in the terrestrial stolons.(4)The apoplastic barriers were found in roots and stems of A. philoxeroides, which had a complex structure, and berberine can not penetrate these apoplastic barriers. The above anatomical characteristics identify the adaptation of A. philoxeroides to both aquatic and terrestrial habitats.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 *]]> WANG Ting, ZHANG Xia, ZHOU Cunyu, HU Shuangshuang, TANG Yu, YANG Chaodong^* 2true Actinidia chinensis varieties from selected samples could be clearly distinguished by the width of the lenticels. The results of scanning electron microscope showed that the stomatal apparatus only existed in blade back and mesophyll area with wide oval and elliptical shape, and the stomatal apparatus types were actinotytic, cyclocytic, anisocytic and anomocytic. Among these species, the stomatal apparatus shape of A. chinensis was actinotytic, the stomatal apparatus shape of A. deliciosa was cyclocytic, the stomatal apparatuses shapes of A. latifolia and A. eriantha were anisocytic, and the stomatal apparatus shape of A. longicarpa was anomocytic. Guard cells were arranged around stomatal apparatus, horizontal or protruding from the lower epidermis. The lower epidermal cells were papillose or anomocytic with sinuate or sinuolate anticlinal wall. The lower epidermis was granulated with furcal pubescence and bifurcate single cell without glandular trichome. Some germplasm had papillose or flake-like waxy layer. Inner margin of outer stomatal rim were sinuolate with ornamentation. According to the measure of length × width, axis and density of stomatal apparatus, there was no obvious rule with kiwifruit species division. However, the stomatal apparatus type and the species division were consistent well. Four A. chinensis varieties could be distinguished by the length, axis of stomatal and density of stomatal apparatus. In addition, there were significant differences in the microapparent morphology between A. longicarpa and other species, which provides microcosmic basis for its identification.]]> 2021/2/6 20:20:27 *]]> LIU Pingping, XIONG Yalan, WEI Yujing, MO Quanhui, WANG Faming, YE Kaiyu^* 1true