Dephinium L.(Ranunculaceae), D. buerjinense W. T. Wang & Z. Z. Yang and D. nilekeense W. T. Wang & Z. Z. Yang, belonging to Sect. Elatopsis Subsect. Elata, and D. habaheense W. T. Wang & Z. Z. Yang, belonging to Sect. Delphinastrum Subsect. Pogonantha, are described as new from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. The diagnostic differences between the three species and their allies are given respectively.]]> 2021/3/29 9:57:22 1, YANG Zongzong²]]> WANG Wen-tsai¹, YANG Zongzong² 17true Terminalia chebula, T. bellirica, and Phyllanthus emblica three medicinal plants, belonging to Combretaceae and Euphorbiaceae families respectively. Triphala liquid is the most famous and basic prescription in not only Tibetan medicine, but mostly frequent used in Indian Ayurvedic medicine. All the three original plants are recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, among which P. emlica is included in the medicine and food plant directory of China. Triphala liquid was introduced into China in the middle ages with the frequent cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries and the opening of the silk road. Now, there are left only traces in ancient literature information. In recent years, with the research and development of ethnic medicine, more and more articles reported on the research of Tibetan medicine triphala liquid. By application of the theory and method combining ethnobotany with cultural anthropology, as well as the investigation of historical plant geography, the ancient books and literatures were reviewed for their real, and the base plant sources of triphala liquid was investigated, in order to explore the route and period of triphala introduced into China. The results showed that the triphala liquid and its basic and original plant material was mainly brought into China by the ancient sogdiana(suliya)traders. It was even earlier having been introduced into China with the spread of Buddhism. Moreover, the primitive religious exchanges between ancient Tibetan Katao dynasty and ancient India was also one of the ways to introduce triphala liquid into China. The original plants of triphala liquid might be different in different regions, however, the main materials were Terminalia chebula, T. bellirica and Phyllanthus emblica. All the three species are distributed in China. Nowadays, triphala liquid become gradually popularized in China due to its importance and position in Tibetan medicine.]]> 2021/3/29 9:57:22 *, ZHANG Yingjun]]> YANG Chongren^*, ZHANG Yingjun 16true Eupatorium heterophyllum, belonging to Eupatorium(Asteraceae), is distributed in the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Hengduan mountain, and has relatively high elevation in comparison with those of other species within this genus. A survey of two chloroplast DNA(cpDNA)fragments(ycf6-psbM and rpl32-trnL), and one nuclear DNA fragment ITS(nITS)were carried out to assess the genetic diversity and infer the population demography of E. heterophyllum. The results showed that the haplotype diversity(Hd)of combined cpDNA fragments was 0.656, and the nucleotide diversity(π) was 0.001 61 at the species level. These two index values of ITS were 0.687 and 0.002 35, respectively. All these data showed that E. heterophyllum had relatively low level of genetic diversity. Both cpDNA and ITS data show that the total genetic diversity of E. heterophyllum was higher than the average value of populations, and the genetic variations occurred mainly among populations. Significant genetic differentiation exists among populations(cpDNA: Gst=0.679, Nst=0.655, Fst=0.655; nITS: Gst=0.543, Nst=0.370, Fst=0.584). However, there was no obvious phylogeographical structure occurred in E. heterophyllum (Nst < Gst). Both the pattern of haplotype distribution and Network structure of haplotypes indicated that the southern Hengduan mountian and central Yunnan Province were probably the two refugia for E. heterophyllum during the Quaternary Glaciation period. It is infered that E. heterophyllum has not undergone population expansion after glacial period which was supported by the neutral test and mismatch analysis.]]> 2021/3/29 9:57:22 *]]> PAN Yuezhi, ZHAO Yujuan, GONG Xun^* 15true P<0.01). The spatial distribution of plant diversity in Haikou acquired from the unitary linear regression model was consistent with the actual situation. The areas with higher plant diversities were mainly distributed in the volcanic crater, Dongzhai harbor and Yangshan wetland, which had obvious spatial self-correlation. According to results obtained from this research, continual implementation of strict conservation measures, enhancement of ecological restoration and conservation projects, and improvement of vegetation coverage and biodiversity are recommended.]]> 2021/3/29 9:57:22 1,2, LEI Jinrui^3*, YANG Fan^1,2]]> HE Rongxiao^1,2, LEI Jinrui^3*, YANG Fan^1,2 14true Pinus tabulaeformis plantation and natural Quercus wutaishanica forest. The results were as follows:(1)The understory communities of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation and natural Quercus wutaishanica forest had similar β diversities and similar β deviations with strong intraspecific aggregations of most species.(2)Environmental and spatial variables jointly explained the great variation of species composition of understory plant community in the two forest types(Herb layer: [E + S] was 33%-45%; Shrub layer: [E + S] was 21%-35%), and dominated by the environmental explanations(including pure environmental variables [E | S] and spatial environmental variables [E ∩ S]).(3)Although Pinus tabulaeformis plantation and natural Quercus wutaishanica forest on the Loess Plateau were both dominated by environmental filter, β diversities in both forests reflected dissimilar mechanisms of community assembly. It was mainly reflected in the differences of habitat heterogeneity and specific environmental factors between these two forests. Such as, altitude, litter depth and soil nutrients(available nitrogen and available potassium)were significant environmental factors that caused species differentiation between the two forest types. Therefore, it suggests that even if the same environmental filter process, it is necessary to compare the differences of regional environmental heterogeneity and further analyze the differences of the specific environmental factors that cause environmental filter. To restore species diversity effectively on the Loess Plateau, habitat heterogeneity is an important guarantee. At the same time, dispersal limitation caused by geographical distance should not be neglected, and special attention should be paid to interaction between dispersal limitation and habitat heterogeneity on β diversity.]]> 2021/3/29 9:57:22 1,2,3*, XIA Tingting², WANG Xiaoan³]]> WANG Shixiong^1,2,3*, XIA Tingting², WANG Xiaoan³ 13true 2021/3/29 9:57:22 1, LA Duo^1*, GUO Yingjie^1,4, XIANG Mingxue^1,2, WU Junxi^2,3, PAN Ying^2,3, ZHANG Yanjie³, LI Shisheng¹, DA Wenyan¹]]> GUSANG Qunzong¹, LA Duo^1*, GUO Yingjie^1,4, XIANG Mingxue^1,2, WU Junxi^2,3, PAN Ying^2,3, ZHANG Yanjie³, LI Shisheng¹, DA Wenyan¹ 12true d_GL), Shannon-Wiener index(H), Simpson index(P)and Pielou evenness index(E). The interspecific relationships in different types of vegetations were analyzed by association coefficient(AC), co-occurrence percentage(PC)and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient test. The results were as follows:(1)Dominant species gradually changed from hygrophilous species to drought-tolerant species during the process of ecological sequence change from coastal rain forest to semi-deciduous monsoon forest and then to monsoon deciduous forest;(2)The change trend of species diversity was positively related to the annual precipitation, which decreased gradually from east to west;(3)Interspecific relationship of the three vegetation types was relatively loose; while the intensity of interspecific association in coastal rain forest was relatively high, and showed likeness between the semi-deciduous monsoon forest and deciduous monsoon forest. Those indicated that the co-existence of species was weakened from coastal rain forest to deciduous monsoon forest while the repelling competition was strengthened. In conclusion, the species composition, diversity and interspecific associations of semi-deciduous monsoon forest were more similar to those of deciduous monsoon forest.]]> 2021/3/29 9:57:22 1, LI Donghai², YANG Xiaobo^2*, WU LV xin¹]]> LV Anqi¹, LI Donghai², YANG Xiaobo^2*, WU LV xin¹ 11true psbA-trnH, psbI-psbK and psbJ-petA)were used to study the phylogeography of Prinsepia uniflora, a kind of endemic plant distributed in the Loess Plateau. The results were as follows:(1)Total genetic diversity of P. uniflora was high(H_T = 0.796), but genetic diversity within species was low(H_S= 0.276);(2)The molecular variation analysis(AMOVA)showed that there was a high genetic differentiation within P. uniflora(F_ST = 0.674), and the genetic variation was mainly between populations(67.4%);(3)Mismatch analysis and MaxEnt based ecological niche simulation results in different historical periods showed that although the core suitable range of P. uniflora did not change much, population still expanded to some extent after the end of the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM). Our study indicated that, like most of the plant groups distributed in the northern regions of China, P. uniflora probably responded to the Quaternary climatic fluctuations by taking refuge nearby or in situ during the glacial period and locally recolonizing in following post-glacial period.]]> 2021/3/29 9:57:22 *]]> LIU Jiaqi, FU Mengjiao, WU Haiyang, TIAN Bin^* 10true 2021/3/29 9:57:22 1,2, SONG Liang^1,3*, SHEN Ting⁴, WU Yi¹, LI Su^1,3, LU Huazheng^1,3]]> QUAN Dongli^1,2, SONG Liang^1,3*, SHEN Ting⁴, WU Yi¹, LI Su^1,3, LU Huazheng^1,3 9true Elymus L. is a perennial genus in the Triaceceae family of Poaceae, which is widely distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Most species are components of grasslands and meadows, and many species are good quality pastures. Both E. nutans and E. dahuricus belong to Triteceae family(Elymus L.), which are heterologous hexaploidy, with StYH chromosome composition. In order to further explore the intrinsic mechanism of genetic diversity of E. nutans, we used SSR molecular markers to analyze genetic diversities and genetic structures of 58 individuals collected from two codomain populations of E. nutans and E. dahuricus in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The results were as follows: There were 163 and 124 amplified bands in 8 pairs of primers in E. nutans and E. dahuricus, respectively. Percentages of polymorphic loci(PPB)were 89.71% and 76.07%, respectively, and the polymorphism information contents(PIC)were between 0.583-0.929 and 0.524-0.830, respectively. The genetic diversities of E. nutans(H_e=0.69, I=1.34, P_p=100%)were higher than those of E. dahuricus(H_e=0.53, I=0.80, P_p=93.75%), and E. nutans showed higher genetic diversity. The AMOVA molecular variation showed that the genetic variations within the population of the two species were 80.92% and 63.62%, respectively, while the levels of genetic differentiation among populations were low. Genetic structure analysis revealed the presence of gene flow existed between the two species. It is concluded that intraspecific genetic differentiation caused by interspecific hybridization, and may play an important role in the diversity formation of these two species.]]> 2021/3/29 9:57:22 1,2, LIU Bo^1,2, TAO Xiaoyan^1,2, DOU Quanwen^1,3*]]> LU Xingwang^1,2, LIU Bo^1,2, TAO Xiaoyan^1,2, DOU Quanwen^1,3* 8true 2021/3/29 9:57:23 1,2,3, CAO Guangchao^2,3*, CAO Shengkui^1,2,3, LAN Yao^1,2,3, ZHANG Zhuo^1,2,3, CHEN Zhirong^1,2,3]]> YANG Rongrong^1,2,3, CAO Guangchao^2,3*, CAO Shengkui^1,2,3, LAN Yao^1,2,3, ZHANG Zhuo^1,2,3, CHEN Zhirong^1,2,3 7true 2021/3/29 12:04:57 1,2, YU Xiajun^2,3, WU Lin^1,2*, MOU Li^1,2, LI Xiaoling^1,2, WANG Han^1,2]]> HONG Liu^1,2, YU Xiajun^2,3, WU Lin^1,2*, MOU Li^1,2, LI Xiaoling^1,2, WANG Han^1,2 6true Tagetes minuta, as a newly invasive species in Tibet of China, its damage is beginning to appear. However, there are few studies on its invasion mechanism in China. In order to explore the biomass and its allocation characteristics of population modules of T. minuta in heterogeneous habitats, and to further understand its survival strategies and invasive habitats, we determined and analyzed the biomass characteristics and calculated the index values of phenotypic plasticity of the population modules in the flowering and fruiting stages of the T. minuta in five typical invasive habitats, including vegetable garden, orchard, roadside, wasteland and riverside. The results were as follows:(1)The basic law of biomass of module in T. minuta population was stem > flower and fruit > leaf > root. The biomass of each module was the largest in the roadside and the smallest in the vegetable garden, and there were significant differences between these two habitats(P<0.05).(2)The total coefficient of variation(CV)and phenotypic plasticity index(PI), based on maximum and minimum means of each module were 46.93% and 61.44%, respectively.(3)The relationship between biomass ratio of reproductive module and nutrient module of T. minuta was wasteland > roadside > orchard > riverside > vegetable garden, and the root-shoot ratio was vegetable garden > wasteland > riverside > roadside > orchard.(4)There were significantly positive correlation between biomass of different modules, between biomass of different modules and total biomass, which showed its ensemble and consistent strategy of survival. The above results indicate that T. minuta can adapt to heterogeneous habitats by adjusting the biomass of each module, and thus has a strong phenotypic plasticity. High reproductive output and adaptability to heterogeneous environments may be the important reasons for its successful invasion.]]> 2021/3/29 9:57:23 1,2,3, XU Zhiyuan⁴, TU Yanli⁵, LUO Jian^1,2,3*]]> QIU Xiaoyu^1,2,3, XU Zhiyuan⁴, TU Yanli⁵, LUO Jian^1,2,3* 5true 2. However, what is the appropriate sample area remains unknown. In the present study, aboveground biomass(AGB)and its spatial distribution pattern of woody plants with diameter at breast height(DBH)≥1 cm in three subtropical secondary forests in Jiulong Mountain National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province, East China were analyzed, and the appropriate sample areas for the AGB survey of the three secondary forests were explored by moving window method. The results were as follows:(1)The AGB of woody plants in the three secondary forests were 63.75(Dayanqian site), 84.70(Batongling site)and 128.20(Piguku site)Mg·hm^-2, respectively. AGB was concentrated in plants with large DBH but with a small individual number. The spatial variation degree of secondary forest AGB at the Piguku site was higher than those at the Dayanqian and Batongling sites.(2)The appropriate sample areas of the three secondary forests based on AGB data were 2 025(Dayanqian site), 2 500(Batongling site)and 3 600(Piguku site)m², respectively. The higher the forest AGB and its spatial variation degree were, the larger sample area was required. The present study provides evidence for sample area setting of AGB survey in subtropical forests, and provides basic data for regional forest biomass and carbon storage estimations.]]> 2021/3/29 9:57:23 1, LIU Libin², LI Chenghui¹, WEI Boliang³, NI Jian², YU Mingjian³, LIU Julian^1*]]> ZHENG Yingmao¹, LIU Libin², LI Chenghui¹, WEI Boliang³, NI Jian², YU Mingjian³, LIU Julian^1* 4true Microstigma Trautv. is an oligo-species genus of Brassicaceae. Its division of species and geographic distribution has not been systematic research. Basing on specimen collected from Gansu and Inner Mongolia, specimen searched on GBIF and the other relative literatures on Microstigma Trautv., we described its morphological characteristics and distribution in detail, clarified the number of species and compiled a key to these species within Microstigma Trautv., mapped its geographic distribution. The results indicate that Microstigma junatovii is an independent and newly recorded species in China. Microstigma Trautv. is a near-endemic genus in the Mongolian Plateau, composed of 4 species. Our study not only enriches species diversity of Microstigma Trautv. in China, providing theoretical basis for plant identification in Microstigma Trautv., but also accumulates new information for future related research on the flora and vegetation of the Mongolian Plateau.]]> 2021/3/29 9:57:23 *]]> WU Yehui, YANG Jinrong, ZHAO Liqing^* 3true State Key List of Protected Wild Plants, including 15 species belonging to the first-class protected plants in China, 3 species belonging to critically endangered plants, 11 species belonging to endangered plants and 20 species belonging to vulnerable plants. Three areas of Jiuling Range, Jiulingshan National Natural Reserves, Guanshan National Natural Reserves and Daweishan National Natural Reserves have been protected while other areas still lack efficient protection. The endangered plants in the lack of protection areas need to be protected by in-situ and ex-situ conservation to establish germplasm resources center and ensure their sustainable utilization.]]> 2021/3/29 9:57:23 1, WU Linfang³, YE Huagu², ZENG Feiyan^2*]]> QIN Qiaomei¹, WU Linfang³, YE Huagu², ZENG Feiyan^2* 2true Bulbophyllum raskotii J. J. Verm., Schuit. & de Vogel and Panisea panchaseensis Subedi, are reported from southeastern Tibet, China for the first time. They grow on trees or rocks in evergreen broad-leaved forest at elevations of 2 000 m. Descriptions and photos for diagnostic characters are provided. Key to Panisea species occurring in China is provided. This study enriched the records of Orchidaceae in China, and provided basic data for studies of Orchidaceae diversity and conservation.]]> 2021/3/29 9:57:23 1, CHEN Xueda¹, XIA Chenxi¹, XING Zhen^1*, LUO Yan²]]> LI Mengkai¹, CHEN Xueda¹, XIA Chenxi¹, XING Zhen^1*, LUO Yan² 1true