P₅₀ and P₈₈(xylem water potential at 50% and 88% loss of hydraulic conductivity or air discharged respectively)were obtained from the curves, with midday leaf water potential, HSMs were then calculated, combined with the analysis of tracheid traits. The results were follows:(1)Cycas revoluta and C. elongata had similar values, while Macrozamia moorei had significantly longer tracheid length(P<0.05), which were(4 413±378),(5 146±730),(6 954±862)μm, respectively.(2)The vulnerability curves obtained by the two methods were typical sigmoidal “S” type, P_50H(xylem water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity)and P_50P(xylem water potential at 50% air discharged)of Cycas revoluta, C. elongata and Macrozamia moorei were -2.5,(-2.4±0.5)MPa; -2.3,(-3.6±0.7)MPa; -1.5,(-1.8±0.2)MPa, respectively. Values of P₅₀ for the three cycads species were in the range of published values of gymnosperms. Further, P₅₀ and P₈₈ showed significant consistency with the two methods(except P_50P had greater resistance than P_50H in Cycas elongata), and also showed significant correlations with published data for other tracheid species(R²=0.72, P=0.008 1; R²=0.87, P=0.000 7).(3)HSM obtained by bench dehydration and pneumatic methods showed consistent trends, Macrozamia moorei had a negative HSM, both Cycas revoluta and C. elongata had positive HSMs. For conclusion, xylem drought resistant of the three cycads were in the range of to the reported data of gymnosperms, the pneumatic and bench dehydration methods were suitable for determining the vulnerability curves of cycads. Moreover, C. revoluta, C. elongata and Macrozamia moorei had different hydraulic safety margins. Determining the HSMs of cycads with vulnerability curves and midday water potentials will provide the basic hydraulic traits in these plants which will be useful in water monitoring, management, and conservation of cycads.]]> 2022/9/30 15:09:08 1,2, PANG Yukun^1,2, ZHANG Tianhao^1,2, AN Yidong^1,2, JIANG Guofeng^1,2*]]> QIN Lanli^1,2, PANG Yukun^1,2, ZHANG Tianhao^1,2, AN Yidong^1,2, JIANG Guofeng^1,2* 9true Smilax stans the traits and microscopic identification of the samples were carried out. Diosgenin and resveratrol were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Water, total ash and alcohol soluble extract contents were checked according to the relevant general rules of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Part Ⅳ). The results were as follows: Smilax stans had obvious characters and microscopic characteristics; The separation degree of thin-layer chromatography(TLC)was specific, the spots corresponding to diosgenin and resveratrol were clear; The range of water, total ash and alcohol soluble extract contents were 3.72%-7.91%, 1.54%-4.74%, 5.08%-7.31%, respectively; The linear range of diosgenin was 0.10-0.70 mg·mL^-1 and the average added sample recovery was 93.32%(RSD 2.69%); The linear range of resveratrol was 6.375-255 μg·mL^-1 and the average added sample recovery was 96.45%(RSD 2.94%). The method has specificity and feasible, which is the basis for species identification, quality control and clinical rational application.]]> 2022/9/30 15:09:08 1, LI Hanwei¹, SU Xiuhong^1,2*, LAN Jinxu^1,2, CHAO Liqin³]]> ZHAO Chunxiao¹, LI Hanwei¹, SU Xiuhong^1,2*, LAN Jinxu^1,2, CHAO Liqin³ 8true Sphagnum fimbriatum, S. magellanicum and S. squarrosum were selected as study species. Methylene blue, TTC, I₂-KI and red ink were used to dye spores, and nutrient solution and smoke + nutrient solution were used to culture spores, to test which is optimal method for rapid detection of peatland bryophyte spore viability. Of the four methods, methylene blue showed the most obvious dyeing effect while TTC and I₂-KI did not dye the Sphagnum spores and the spores had no clear and sharp reaction to red ink. Compared with those cultured with nutrient solution only, spores cultured with smoke + nutrient solution increased their germination by 5%, 5% and 18% in S. fimbriatum, S. magellanicum and S. squarrosum, respectively. The frequency of Sphagnum spores dyed with methylene blue was the closest to that of spores germinated after smoke solution treatment. The results indicate that methylene blue dyeing is an ideal method to quickly detect viability of Sphagnum spores.]]> 2022/5/8 9:42:48 1,2,3, TONG Wei⁴, WANG Jianyi^1,2,3, BU Zhaojun^1,2,3*, LIU Wenjing^1,2,3, Shuayib YUSUP^1,2,3, XU Xueying^1,2,3]]> BAI Xiaoshan^1,2,3, TONG Wei⁴, WANG Jianyi^1,2,3, BU Zhaojun^1,2,3*, LIU Wenjing^1,2,3, Shuayib YUSUP^1,2,3, XU Xueying^1,2,3 7true Cymbidium Golden Elf ‘Sundust', the stem tip of the lateral bud was used as the explant for the initial culture in 1/2MS with 1.0 mg·L^-1 NAA, 50 g·L^-1 banana puree and 15 g·L^-1 sucrose. After 60 d culture, the mixture of callus and protocorm was used as the materials for investigating the effects of different factors and combinations on the embryonic callus and protocorm occurrence, proliferation via L₉(3)⁴ orthogonal and complete combination experiments. Finally, an efficient and stable proliferation system of Cymbidium Golden Elf ‘Sundust' was established in the present study. The results were as follows:(1)Proliferation coefficient was 8.13 and the protocorm masses similar to mulberry could be obtained on the MS medium containing 2.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA, 150 mL·L^-1 coconut juice and 20 g·L^-1 sucrose for 70 d.(2)The protocorm was cultured in MS medium containing 1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA and 1.0 mg·L^-1 NAA for 70 d, the protocorm developed into shoots with a 5.36 bud proliferation coefficient; At this time, cluster buds induced from protocorm were transferred into MS medium with 1.0 mg·L^-1 6-BA and 1.0 mg·L^-1 NAA to proliferate via the proliferation mode of bud to bud, and the proliferation coefficient reached 4.28, and the stable proliferation system could be established.(3)The rooting rate was up to 96.5% in MS medium equipped with 1.0 mg·L^-1 NAA and 150 g·L^-1 banana puree, and the healthy seedlings with 4-7 true leaves and a height of 8-10 cm could be obtained after 60 d culture; The survival rate of seedlings was more than 85% when they were transplanted into polyethylene basin with a volume ratio of pine bark to mountain soil of 3:2. In this study, the efficient and rapid propagation system of cluster bud of Cymbidium Golden Elf ‘Sundust' was established by the pathway of callus and protocorm to embryonic callus and protocorm to protocorm to cluster bud to regeneration plant, which provides an experimental basis for further artificial breeding and genetic transformation. Meanwhile, this protocol also provides the reference for asexual rapid propagation of other Orchidaceae species.]]> 2022/5/8 9:42:48 *]]> XI Yinkai, YANG Wude^* 6true -1.(2)The optimum medium for proliferation of shoot cluster was WPM+ NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1 + ZT 1.5 mg·L^-1, and the coefficient of propagation reached 8.6 after subcultured for 60 d; The best treatment for test-tube rooting was that the shoot cluster dipped in 500 mg·L^-1 IBA for 20 s firstly, then cultivated them with the medium WPM+IBA 0.2 mg·L^-1, the rooting rate and effective rooting rate all reached 96.3%, and the rooting number and length were 12.7 and 43.3 mm after cultured for 90 d, at the same time, and the root developed well.(3)The survival rate of rooted seedlings reached 92.22% after transplanted in Media Ⅰ(river sand:vermiculite:perlite=1:1:1). Thus, the best rapid propagation system of southern highbush blueberry ‘O'Neal' was that: the explant treated by 10% NaClO with 15 min, the shoot cluster was inducted and proliferated with WPM+ ZT 1.5 mg·L^-1 and WPM+ NAA 0.1 mg·L^-1 + ZT 1.5 mg·L^-1respectively; The shoot cluster dipped in 500 mg·L^-1 IBA for 20 s and cultivated with WPM+ IBA 0.2 mg·L^-1, and rooted seedlings were transplanted in media(river sand:vermiculite:perlite=1:1:1). The results play a foundation for providing rapid propagation seedlings and factory production of ‘O'Neal' in the future.]]> 2022/5/8 9:42:48 *]]> XIA Ke, ZHAO Zhiguo, WU Qiaofen, GUO Lunfa, QIN Hongbo, QIU Shuo^* 5true Triticum aestivum)production. Improving salinity tolerance is one of the main biological approaches responding to the problem. The germination stage is also sensitive to salt, and the salt tolerance at the germination stage is very important for wheat planting in saline-alkali land. In order to explore the feasibility of using physiological indexes of leaves to evaluate salt tolerance of wheat at germination stage, CM6005 and its 73 sodium azide mutagenesis families were used as experimental materials. The contents of proline, soluble sugar, total protein and soluble protein, as well as the activities of peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the leaves were measured under the conditions of ultra-pure water and 40% artificial sea water, and principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to evaluate the salt tolerance of the wheats. The results were as follows:(1)Under 40% artificial sea water salt stress, the contents of proline and soluble sugar increased, while those of total protein and soluble protein decreased. The activity of POD increased, however, the activities of CAT and SOD decreased.(2)In principal component analysis, the first and the fourth principal components were two factors of the response of salt-tolerant enzyme system, and the second and third principal components were the main two factors of osmotic adjustment of salt tolerance in wheat leaves at the stage of germination.(3)In the evaluation of salt tolerance, the salt-tolerant grade of CM6005 was 2(salt tolerance), and that of the lines was 1(high salt tolerance), which were SAM1, SAM49 and SAM59. All the above results indicate that the activities of POD, CAT and SOD as well as the contents of proline and soluble sugar can be used as physiological indexes to evaluate the salt tolerance of wheat at germination stage. These results can be used as a reference for the evaluation of salt tolerance in wheat based on physiological indexes of leaves at the germination stage.]]> 2022/3/3 16:55:13 1, LIU Yantao², WANG Zhi¹, NIU Liya¹, YU Liang¹, LU Li¹, WANG Fengzhi¹, WANG Weiwei^1*]]> WANG Wei¹, LIU Yantao², WANG Zhi¹, NIU Liya¹, YU Liang¹, LU Li¹, WANG Fengzhi¹, WANG Weiwei^1* 4true Yi)to LAI(Xi)of Yi=bXi+a.(4)With the detention of sowing date, the parameter b and |a| in formula of ‘Jinyunuo 3' were increased, while those of ‘Guojiaohong 1' were decreased. To sum up, it is viable to infer panicle differentiation stage applying LAI, and the results provide theoretical basis for sorghum cultivation index management.]]> 2022/3/3 16:55:13 *]]> ZHOU Yu, HUANG Juan, ZHANG Yaqin, WU Yu, LI Zebi^* 3true C-glycosides, as one kind of the effective components in Premna fulva, have the effect of antigen-induced arthritis. In order to optimize the enrichment and purification process of P. fulva stems, through static adsorption and desorption experiments on 13 kinds of macroporous resins with five flavonoid-C-glycosides in P. fulva stems as the index, a suitable macroporous resin was selected, and the results were tested by the HPLC, and then the orthogonal process was used to optimize the enrichment and purification conditions. The results were as follows:(1)XAD-16N macroporous resin has good adsorption and desorption effects on the five flavonoid -C-glycosides in P. fulva stems. Through single factor screening and orthogonal process optimization, the best enrichment and purification process was finally determined as that the loading concentration was two times the original extract diluted, the loading flow rate was 2 BV·h^-1, and the eluent concentration was 60% ethanol.(2)The contents of five flavonoid-C-glycosides increased from 1.73%(in the original plant)to 14.50%, an increase of 7.38 times. All the results indicate that the selected extraction process is stable and feasible, and the selected macroporous resin has good separation and purification effects, which provides a reference for the drug development of P. fulva stems.]]> 2022/3/3 16:55:13 1,2, CHEN Yueyuan², YAN Xiaojie², LU Fenglai², LI Xia¹, LI Dianpeng^2*]]> DANG Jiaoyang^1,2, CHEN Yueyuan², YAN Xiaojie², LU Fenglai², LI Xia¹, LI Dianpeng^2* 2true Euphorbia maculata, GAPDH, EF-1α, act, UBQ, TUB-α, eIF-4A, and CYP gene fragments from roots, stems, leaves and fruits at different growth stages were cloned with the method of homologous cloning. Subsequently, the expression patterns of the seven candidate reference genes were obtained by RT-qPCR in E. maculata, and the expression stability was assessed by geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. The results were as follows:(1)The fragment sequences of GAPDH, EF-1α, act, UBQ, TUB-α, eIF-4A and CYP contained 729 bp(encoding 242 amino acids), 808 bp(encoding 269 amino acids), 753 bp(encoding 250 amino acids), 422 bp(encoding 140 amino acids), 233 bp(encoding 77 amino acids), 656 bp(encoding 218 amino acids), and 313 bp(encoding 103 amino acids), respectively. And the seven amino acid sequences shared over 85% identity with other GAPDH, EF-1α, act, UBQ, TUB-α, eIF-4A, CYP by BlAST in GenBank.(2)The order of expression stability was UBQ>EF-1α>TUB-α>eIF-4A>GAPDH>CYP>act by geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper. Therefore, UBQ can be selected as a reference gene for RT-qPCR in E. maculata using for gene expression analysis in different plant tissues at different growth stages.]]> 2022/3/3 16:55:13 1, HUANG Shenghe^1*, CHEN Zujie², ZOU Jiaxuan³, LIU Huansheng³, QUAN Wenjun³]]> SONG Meiling¹, HUANG Shenghe^1*, CHEN Zujie², ZOU Jiaxuan³, LIU Huansheng³, QUAN Wenjun³ 1true