Allium wallichii is one of the important wild plant resources in the karst geomorphic area of Hezhang County, Guizhou Province, which has high development and utilization values. In order to analyze the differences of metabolites and their pathways between Allium wallichii seeds and A.tuberosum seeds, we used UPLC-MS/MS material separation and identification techniques to broadly target the chemical components of the two kinds of seeds for the metabolomic analysis. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 782 kinds of metabolites were detected.(2)Principal component analysis(PCA)showed that there were differences between samples. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)screened out 12 types of differential metabolites with significant changes(P<0.05, VIP≥1), involving 492 kinds, among them, the top 20 metabolites with up-and down-requlation included flavonoids, steroidal saponins, flavonols, phenolic acids, isoflavones, free fatty acids, triterpenoid saponins, alkaloids, indole alkaloids, amino acids and their derivatives and soon.(3)KEGG annotated 84 differential metabolic pathways, of which four pathways were significantly enriched with differential metabolites(P<0.01). In addition, the biosynthetic pathway of steroidal saponins, which were not annotated significantly differential metabolites, was constructed. This research result provides a reference for the analysis of the effective components of the two kinds of seeds and the study of pharmacologically active substances, and also provides new ideas for the development, protection and diversified utilization of wild A. wallichii in Hezhang County.]]> 2023/1/19 9:54:42 1, TIAN Ruifeng², REN Yongquan³, DUAN Xingyu², HONG Dengfeng², WANG Bo^2*]]> HUO Dongao¹, TIAN Ruifeng², REN Yongquan³, DUAN Xingyu², HONG Dengfeng², WANG Bo^2* 5true Hibiscus mutabilis is native to China with a long cultivation history, and is an ancient garden tree species and medicinal plant. In this study, we selected three cultivars of H. mutabilis in a hybrid combination(H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai, H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong, H. mutabilis cv. Mudanfen)to investigate evolutionary characteristics between the cultivars of H. mutabilis and its related species, and clarify the phylogenetic relationship between the cultivars of H. mutabilis and its related species, as well as explore the genetic model of chloroplast genome(cpDNA)of H. mutaibilis at the same time. We first sequenced the three cultivars of H. mutaibilis using Illumina NovaSeq. After assembly and annotation, three complete chloroplast genome sequences were obtained. The cpDNAs of the related species H. taiwanensis from our group, and H. syricus and H. rosa-sinensis from the gene bank. Then we carried out comparative analysis on composition and structure of cpDNAs of four species of Hibiscus and three cultivars of H. mutabilis, and completed its phylogenetic tree reconstruction. The results were as follows:(1)Total sizes of cpDNAs of H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai, H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong, H. mutabilis cv. Mudanfen were 160 880, 160 879, 160 920 bp, respectively, and the total gene number was 130, including 85 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNAs, and 37 transfer RNAs.(2)The comparative analyses showed that the cpDNAs of three cultivars of H. mutabilis and the related species H. taiwanensis were highly conserved, and the inverted repeat regions(IR)were all 26 300 bp; H. rosa-sinensis and H. syriacus shrank to at 25 745 and 25 598 bp, respectively.(3)The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the three cultivars were planted into a monophyletic branch, and then together with H. taiwanensis into a high support branch, indicating that H. mutabilis and H. taiwanensis had the closest relationship; Compared with H. syriacus and H. rosa-sinensis, H. mutabilis and H. taiwanensis were more closely related to H. hamabo, H. tiliaceum and H. canabinus.(4)Three cultivars of H. mutabilis could be distinguished by cpDNA sequence, the length of LSC/SSC of H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai, H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong, H. mutabilis cv. Mudanfen were 89 355 bp/18 925 bp, 89 353 bp/18 926 bp, 89 400 bp/18 920 bp, respectively. And candidate molecular markers and DNA barcodes had been developed from repeat sequence and nucleotide diversity analyses, which could be used as a tool for cultivars identification.(5)The cpDNAs of H. mutabilis cv. Danbanbai and H. mutabilis cv. Jinqiusong showed a minimum difference and had the closest phylogenetic relationship. According to the relationship between their female and offspring, the maternal genetic characteristics of the cpDNAs of Hibiscus were proved. This study will help us to understand the evolutionary characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of cpDNAs of three cultivars of H. mutabilis and H. taiwanensis, and provide basic data on cpDNA for accurate identification of the cultivars of H. mutabilis and breeding of excellent cultivars.]]> 2023/1/19 9:54:42 1, REN ting¹, DENG Jiaojiao¹, CHEN Junpei¹, ZHOU Songdong^1*, ZENG Xinmei², MA Jiao², LI Fangwen²]]> LI Zhenbing¹, REN ting¹, DENG Jiaojiao¹, CHEN Junpei¹, ZHOU Songdong^1*, ZENG Xinmei², MA Jiao², LI Fangwen² 4true CesA gene family in cellulose synthesis and development of Brassica rapa var. glabra, we identified the members of CesA genes in B. rapa var. glabra genome via bioinformatic method and the physiochemical properties, gene structures, evolutionary characteristics, conserved inotifs and domains, cis-acting elements and tissue expressions were indentified and analysed. The results were as follows:(1)We identified 16 BrCesA genes from 10 B. rapa var. glabra chromasomes with isoelectric point ranged from 4.76 to 9.12, molecular weight ranged from 17.76 to 122.67 kD and amino acid length ranged from 153 to 1 089 aa.(2)With an exception of Bra036008, which located in scaffold, the rest of 15 BrCesA genes unevenly distributed in seven chromosomes.(3)Most of CesA contained 4 to 14 exons and 1 to 11 conserved motifs.(4)This family had a DDD-QXXRW conserved functional domain.(5)The coding proteins of this family were mainly distributed on the plasma membrane, and the secondary structure was mainly random coil and α-helix, and most members contained the typical N-terminus, C-terminus and transmembrane regions of CesA protein.(6)CesA gene was expressed in relatively high amounts in stems, and Bra011865, Bra023952 and Bra029874 were significantly expressed in stem,leaf and flowers. The results of this study provide a basis for further research on the function of CesA gene and the growth and development of Brassica rapa var. glabra.]]> 2023/1/19 9:54:42 1, ZHAO Yumei^1,2, HUANG Danlin¹, ZHANG Mengqing¹, WU Xiaoyu^1,2, WANG Jie^1,2, CHEN Yu¹, HUANG Jiabao^1,2, DUAN Qiaohong^1,2*]]> MA Yuchen¹, ZHAO Yumei^1,2, HUANG Danlin¹, ZHANG Mengqing¹, WU Xiaoyu^1,2, WANG Jie^1,2, CHEN Yu¹, HUANG Jiabao^1,2, DUAN Qiaohong^1,2* 3true AP2/ERF gene family in the water stress of O. europaea, this study performed transcriptome sequencing on the roots and leaves of two cultivars ‘Frantoio' and ‘TYZ-1' that were under drought and flooding stresses. And based on the whole genome data, the protein physicochemical properties, gene structure and system evolution of AP2/ERF transcription factor in O. europaea were analyzed. At the same time, the difference in gene expression of AP2/ERF transcription factor related to water stress in the two O. europaea cultivars was analyzed by transcriptome sequencing data and verified by RT-qPCR. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 110 AP2/ERF gene family members were identified in O. europaea. The amino acid size of the 110 proteins was 173-717bp, there was no signal peptide and it was a non-secreted protein. The phylogenetic tree was constructed between O. europaea AP2/ERF and model plant Arabidopsis AP2/ERF protein. It was found that O. europaea AP2/ERF protein was divided into four categories, AP2, RAV, ERF and Solosist. Among them, ERF was divided into two subtypes, ERF and DREB. ERF included six subtypes of ERF B1 to ERF B6, and DREB included six subtypes of DREB A1 to DREB A6, which was consistent with the classification of the model plant Arabidopsis AP2/ERF. Each subfamily contained AP2/ERF proteins of O. europaea and Arabidopsis at the same time, indicating that the AP2/ERF family of Arabidopsis and O. europaea were similar in evolution.(2)The analysis of gene structure and conserved elements found that the proteins of the same subfamily of O. europaea AP2/ERF had the same gene structure and conserved elements. Combining gene expression with genes with known water regulation functions in the evolutionary tree, it was preliminarily speculated that OeAP2-75, OeAP2-97, OeAP2-101, OeAP2-23 and OeAP2-13 were closely related to the water regulation of O. europaea, OeAP2-13, OeAP2-28, OeAP2-104, OeAP2-75, OeAP2-80 and OeAP2-50 had different expression levels in the two cultivars. It is speculated that this may be the reason for the different resistance of ‘Frantoio' and ‘TYZ-1'.(3)The RT-qPCR technique was used to detect the expression changes of O. europaea AP2/ERF gene under different stresses. The results showed that OeAP2-101, OeAP2-28 and OeAP2-42 were significantly up-regulated by water stress, which was consistent with the results of transcriptome analysis. The results of this study lay a foundation for the research on the stress resistance expression and gene function of the AP2/ERF family genes of O. europaea, and provides the method and theoretical basis for the selection of drought-resistant and flood-tolerant rootstock cultivars of O. europaea.]]> 2023/1/19 9:54:42 1,2, WANG Yi^2*, LU Bin², LUO Maniya^{1, 2}, XU Lingwen¹, YUAN Xiaolong², LI Xianzhong¹]]> WANG Lijuan^1,2, WANG Yi^2*, LU Bin², LUO Maniya^{1, 2}, XU Lingwen¹, YUAN Xiaolong², LI Xianzhong¹ 2true TIFY gene family plays a very important role in Camellia sinensis hormone signal transduction and its adversity stress. Bioinformatics methods were employed to identify the TIFY family members in the C. sinensis genome in this study, and the physical and chemical properties, system evolution, gene structure, chromosomal location, the cis-acting elements of promoter region and tissue expression pattern were also analyzed, and the results of RT-qPCR experiments verified the hormone response and stress response characteristics of some members of the TIFY family. The results were as follows:(1)There were 19 TIFY gene family members(CSTIFY1-CSTIFY19)in C. sinensis, which belonged to four protein subfamilies of TIFY, JAZ, ZML and PPD, and distributed unevenly on eight chromosomes. According to evolutionary relationship and structural characteristics, TIFY genes could be divided into seven groups, and members of each group had similar gene structure and conserved motif.(2)The promoter region of the CsTIFYs gene contained a varieties of cis-acting elements in response to abiotic stress and hormones, the RT-qPCR experiments proved that its family members were highly responsive to methyl jasmonate, salt(20% NaCl), cold(4 ℃)and drought(20% polyethylene glycol 6000)treatments, and some genes were highly expressed during the development of roots and apical buds. Based on the above results, it is speculated that the TIFY gene family may play roles in C. sinensis hormone signal regulation, stress defense response and growth and development.]]> 2023/1/19 9:54:42 1, ZHANG Baohui², CHEN Hufang², LV Litang^1,2*]]> YAO Xinzhuan¹, ZHANG Baohui², CHEN Hufang², LV Litang^1,2* 1true