Ormosia henryi, and to screen the carbon and nitrogen sources conducive to somatic embryogenesis and optimize somatic embryogenesis system in O. henryi. Mature embryos were used as explants in O. henryi, the differences of EC induction, development and organic matter accumulation under three kinds of carbon sources, four kinds of sucrose concentrations and six kinds of nitrogen sources treatments were analyzed by single factor experiment. The results were as follows:(1)EC induction rate in medium supplemented with sucrose was significantly higher than with glucose and maltose, while there was no significant difference in somatic embryo(SE)induction rate, SE differentiation rate and the contents of soluble sugar, starch and soluble protein with EC.(2)With the increase of sucrose concentration, EC, SE induction rate, SE differentiation rate, EC weight and soluble protein content first increased and then decreased, which was the highest in 30 g·L^-1 sucrose, while the soluble sugar and starch contents of EC showed an increasing trend.(3)In six kinds of nitrogen sources treatments,EC induction rate was the highest in 500 mg·L^-1 glutamine, SE induction rates were higher in glutamine and casein hydrolysate, but there were no differences in SE differentiation rates, the soluble protein content of EC in the treatment with organic nitrogen source was significantly higher than that in the treatment without organic nitrogen source. In summary, the different carbon and nitrogen sources affected the induction, development and the organic matter accumulation of EC, and affected SE induction rate, but there were no significant differences in the SE differentiation rate. The study suggests that 30 g·L^-1 sucrose and 500 mg·L^-1 glutamine as carbon and nitrogen sources can promote SE induction in O. henryi.]]> 2023/1/19 9:54:42 1,2, WEI Xiaoli ^1,3*, WANG Xiao^1,3, WEI Yi^1,3]]> WU Gaoyin^1,2, WEI Xiaoli ^1,3*, WANG Xiao^1,3, WEI Yi^1,3 52true Gardenia jasminoides under different shading treatments. The experiment was conducted to set five different shadings on the three G. jasminoides through shading treatment(0%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%). The effects of different shading treatments on the planting effect of ornamental G. jasminoides were studied. Through the statistics and analysis of ornamental G. jasminoides growth, photosynthesis and N, P, K contents of various organs. The results were as follows:(1)G. jasminoides ‘Grandiflora' with shading rates of 60% and 0%, G. jasminoides ‘Radicans' with shading rates of 80% and 70%, and G. jasminoides ‘Variegata' with a shading rate of 0% grow better.(2)With the increase of shading rates, the P_n, C_i and T_r of G. jasminoides ‘Radicans' and G. jasminoides ‘Variegata' gradually decreased, and G_s and WUE reached the maximum value at 60% shading rate.(3)G. jasminoides ‘Grandiflora' had the highest total N content, and the organ N content was ranked as leaf, root and stem; G. jasminoides ‘Radicans' had the highest total P content, and the organ P content was ranked as root, stem and leaf; G. jasminoides ‘Grandiflora' had the highest K content at 90% shading rate. The results of the review show that G. jasminoides ‘Radicans' is more resistant to shading and is suitable for growth under 80% and 70% shading treatments. G. jasminoides ‘Grandiflora' is the second, suitable for growth under 60% and 0% shading treatments. G. jasminoides ‘Variegata' is the least tolerant and suitable for growth under 0% shading treatment.]]> 2023/1/19 9:54:42 1,2, YIN Chenxi^1,2,YANG Jilong^1,2, HOU Zhiyong³, LI Yanlin^1,2,YU Xiaoying^1,2*]]> LIU Xiangdong^1,2, YIN Chenxi^1,2,YANG Jilong^1,2, HOU Zhiyong³, LI Yanlin^1,2,YU Xiaoying^1,2* 51true DHN Rab18, Cu/Zn SOD, Mn SOD, POD41, POD73, CAT1, GR, APX were up-regulated response to high temperature treatment, indicating that these genes had positive responses to heat stress. Furthermore, the DHN Rab18, Cu/Zn SOD, POD41, GR and APX were up-regulated significantly in the 100 ℃ treatment group. In summary, lotus seed embryo has good tolerance to high temperature and low temperature stress, and the antioxidant system and stress-resistant protective proteins may play important roles in maintaining the cell viability of lotus seed embryo under different temperature stresses.]]> 2023/1/19 9:54:42 1, CHU Yunxia², XU Zheng¹, ZHANG Di^1*, ZHANG Yiying²]]> WANG Gongda¹, CHU Yunxia², XU Zheng¹, ZHANG Di^1*, ZHANG Yiying² 50true 2023/1/19 9:54:42 *]]> LIAO Haizhi, LIN Xiaokai, YANG Chengkun, DU Jingjia, PENG Junjie, ZHOU Kaibing^* 49true Cymbidium sinense is a well-known traditional orchid in China, and has been widely cultivated for a long time. This species is typically a shade species under the forest, but habitat destruction and tree canopy structure change make it subject to the dual fluctuation of light and nutrients. To explore the photosynthetic response of C. sinense to the combined stress of nitrogen and fluctuating light intensity, the leaf nitrogen content, chlorophyll content, and the responses of photosystem I(PS I)and photosystem Ⅱ(PS Ⅱ)to fluctuating light intensity were investigated under different nitrogen treatments. The results were as follows:(1)The C. sinense under 0 mmol·L^-1 nitrogen treatment had lower values for leaf nitrogen content, chlorophyll content, PS Ⅱ maximum quantum efficiency(F_v/F_m)and the value of maximum oxidizable P700 of PS I(P_m), but motivated a large amount of non-photochemical quenching and PS Ⅱ non-regulatory energy dissipation.(2)When the light intensity suddenly increased, the PS I reaction center showed over-reduction firstly, and then the over-reduction state was gradually released under 1.25 mmol·L^-1, 5 mmol·L^-1 and 10 mmol·L^-1 nitrogen treatments. Meanwhile, the excitation degree of cyclic electron flow increased first and then gradually decreased, indicating that the dynamic adjustment of cyclic electron flow was closely linked to the redox state of PS I.(3)Under fluctuating light intensity, the excessive reduction of PS I was not observed in C. sinense under 0 mmol·L^-1 nitrogen treatment. This was mainly because the few electrons were released by PS Ⅱ, thus avoiding the transfer of excess electrons to PS I. These results suggest that nitrogen fluctuation can affect significantly the response of C. sinense to fluctuating light intensity. These findings provide a scientific basis for the cultivation and conservation of C. sinense, and are helpful to explore how photosynthesis of shade plant responds to the combined stress of nitrogen and fluctuating light intensity.]]> 2023/1/19 9:54:42 1,2, HUANG Wei¹, ZHANG Shibao^1*]]> LI Zhixiong^1,2, HUANG Wei¹, ZHANG Shibao^1* 48true 2 concentration. Among them, the correlation coefficient with stomatal conductance and transpiration rate was the largest;(3)The main determinant that affected the variation of net photosynthetic rate of grape leaf was the transpiration rate in June, August and September, and the stomatal conductance in July;(4)The net photosynthetic rate of grape leaf in each month showed a “hysteretic loop” relationship with air temperature, photosynthetic active radiation, vapor pressure deficit, and a good linear relationship with transpiration rate and stomatal conductance(R²>0.85), and an exponential function relationship with intercellular CO₂ concentration(R²=0.53). Studies have shown that grapes have a strong ability to adapt to the environment in the arid area of Northwest China. In cultivation, we can optimize management and increase yield by controlling transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, but the direct and indirect effects of other factors need to be considered.]]> 2023/1/19 9:54:42 *]]> QIN Wenhua, ZHANG Yang, ZHU Yongtai, XU Cong, CHEN Huiling, ZHU Gaofeng^* 47true Michelia gioii is a precious broad-leaved tree species in China, which is of great value in terms of wood, fragrance and landscape. In order to further cultivate excellent seedlings and develop and utilize the non-woody resources, the seedlings of M. gioii were placed under eight light conditions with the same light intensity, which were composed by two photoperiods(12, 16 h·d^-1)and four light qualities(R:B=8:1, R:B=6:1, R:B:P:G=8:1:1:1, R:B:P:G=6:1:1:1, R, B, P and G respectively represent red light, blue light, purple light and green light). The results were as follows:(1)The growth of seedling height and ground diameter, leaf aspect ratio, maximum net photosynthetic rate, dark respiration rate and light compensation point reached the maximum values under the light quality R:B=6:1 with a photoperiod of 12 h·d^-1, while the leaf area and chlorophyll content were the highest under the light quality R:B:P:G=6:1:1:1 with a photoperiod of 16 h·d^-1.(2)Compared to the treatment of photoperiod 12 h·d^-1, the indicators in growth of seedling height, leaf area, quality index, chlorophyll a+b content, chlorophyll a/b ratio, carotenoid content and light saturation point showed higher under photoperiod 16 h·d^-1.(3)The addition of purple and green light into the red-blue light combination increased the quality index of seedlings and positively affected the synthesis and accumulation of photosynthetic pigments.(4)Compared with the light quality R:B=8:1, R:B=6:1 had more potential to promote the growth of seedling height, ground diameter and leaf, and to improve the photosynthesis of M. gioii seedlings. In conclusion, the light quality R:B:P:G=6:1:1:1 with a photoperiod of 16 h·d^-1 demonstrates the higher possibility to promote the growth and photosynthesis of M. gioii seedlings, followed by the light quality R:B=6:1 with a photoperiod of 12 h·d^-1.]]> 2023/1/19 9:54:42 1, LI Shuling², YANG Mei^1*, PANG Weican^1,2, HUANG Jingjie¹,LI Qianlin¹, FAN Rongyuan¹]]> WU Fanglan¹, LI Shuling², YANG Mei^1*, PANG Weican^1,2, HUANG Jingjie¹,LI Qianlin¹, FAN Rongyuan¹ 46true Viola monbeigii were selected as materials. The leaf structure was observed by paraffin section and microtechniques, and the photosynthetic parameters were measured by GFS 3000 portable photosynthesis measuring instrument. The results were as follows:(1)The stomata of variegated and non-variegated leaves were all unequal types. However, the stomatal density of the upper and lower epidermis, the thickness of palisade tissue(PT)and the ratio of palisade tissue to sponge tissue(PT / ST)of the variegated leaves were significantly lower than those of the non-variegated leaves; while the stomata of the upper epidermis of variegated leaves were larger than non-variegated leaves, showing more structural characteristics to adapt to the weak light intensity environment.(2)Both leaf types had no significant differences in dark respiration rate(R_d), initial fluorescence(F_o), maximum fluorescence yield(F_m), photochemical quenching coefficient(q_P), non-photochemical quenching coefficent(q_N), maximal quantum yield of PS Ⅱ(F_v/F_m)and practical photochemical reaction quantum efficiency(Yield), but the maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_max)and chlorophyll content in variegated leaves were significantly lower than non-variegated leaves; the apparent photosynthetic electron transfer rate(ETR)of variegated leaves was significantly lower than that of non-variegated leaves when the PAR was between 400-2 000 μmol·m^-2·s^-1, while the light saturation point(LSP)of non-variegated leaves leaves was higher than that of variegated leaves and the light compensation point(LCP)was lower. In summary, non-variegated plants have a wider PAR utilization range and stronger photosynthetic adaptability, which is conducive to the use of limited resources in the environment and ensures the survival of species. Variegated plants have the characteristics of adapting to weak light stress, indicating that the appearance of variegated leaves may be a strategy for V. monbeigii to adapt to weak light environment at forest edge.]]> 2023/1/19 9:54:42 *, ZHAO Xiang, LI Mingjia, XU Junshan]]> DU Meina^*, ZHAO Xiang, LI Mingjia, XU Junshan 45true ABP gene from Impatiens uliginosa. ABP gene related to spur development of I. uliginosa was cloned by using RT-PCR method, whose homology and phylogenetic analyses of protein sequence were analyzed by using DNAMAN and MEGA softwares. In addition, the spatiotemporal expression patterns of ABP gene were investigated by qRT-PCR method. The results were as follows:(1)ABP gene of I. uliginosa was successfully cloned, whose full-length cDNA sequences was 627 bp, encoding 208 aa, and named IuABP. The protein encoded by ABP gene had the typical structure of Cupin superfamily proteins.(2)According to the result of its homology analysis, it showed that the homology of ABP gene of I. uliginosa reached 71% with those of I. glandulifera, Rose chinensis and Manihot esculenta. Based on phylogenetic analysis, it was found that IuABP and Impatiens glandulifera clustered into a branch, with the most close genetic relationship.(3)qRT-PCR analysis showed that the IuABP were expressed in both three stages and two different parts of spur development of I. uliginosa. With the development of spur, the expression level of IuABP in the blade had a tendency of declining at the beginning and rising up later, and reached the highest in the blooming stage, while the expression level decreased gradually in the spur cup. These results provide a theoretical reference for further studies on the function and the expression regulation mechanism of IuABP gene in spur development.]]> 2023/6/27 16:37:32 *]]> WEI Chunmei, MENG Danchen, LI Fan, XIANG Nanxing, YANG Jianyuan, HUANG Meijuan, HUANG Haiquan^* 44true Cunninghamia lanceolata container seedlings to different amounts of slow-release fertilizer application. In this paper, the effects of different amounts of slow-release fertilizer application treatments(0, 200, 400, 800, 1 000 and 1 200 g·m^-3)on the growth of seedlings height, ground diameters, biomass, photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics and nutrient content of C. lanceolata seedlings were investigated. Moreover, subordinate function value method was also employed to comprehensive evaluate the growth and physiology indexes of seedlings under different fertilization treatments, and screening suitable slow-release fertilizer levels for the growth of C. lanceolata seedlings, which providing reference for the efficiency cultivation of high quality C. lanceolata seedlings. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with the control, the slow-release fertilizer application could promote the growth of seedling height, ground diameter and the accumulation of total biomass of C. lanceolata seedlings to varying degrees.(2)The slow-release fertilizer treatments could significantly increase the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid in leaves of C. lanceolata as compared with control. In addition, slow-release fertilizer treatments also increased the values of maximum fluorescence(F_m), variable fluorescence(F_v), maximum photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(F_v/F_m), potential photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(F_v/F_o)and actual quantum yield(QY)to varying degrees when compared with control.(3)The slow-release fertilizer treatments could promote the nutrient accumulation in seedlings of C. lanceolata to varying degrees, among which the contents of Mn, Fe and Zn were found to be changed most significantly.(4)The results of subordinate function value method showed that when the amount of slow-release fertilizer application was 1 000 g·m^-3, its membership value was the largest, which indicated that the comprehensive growth of seedlings under this treatment was the best. In conclusion, the amount of 1 000 g·m^-3 slow-release fertilizer application is the most suitable treatment for the cultivation of high quality seedlings of C. lanceolata in the present study, under this treatment, the growth of C. lanceolata seedlings can be improved by increasing the accumulation of nutrient elements closely related to photosynthesis, thus increasing the contents of photosynthetic pigment in leaves, which in turn enhance the PS Ⅱ photosynthetic efficiency and electron transfer rate, further enhance the efficiency of light energy capture and utilization of leaves, and ultimately improve seedling growth.]]> 2023/6/27 16:37:32 1,2,3, TANG Yin^1,2,3, ZHONG Minghui^1,2,3, ZHENG Xueyan⁴, XU Shanshan^1,2,3, CAO Guangqiu^1,2,3, YE Yiquan^1,2,3*]]> LI Lingyan^1,2,3, TANG Yin^1,2,3, ZHONG Minghui^1,2,3, ZHENG Xueyan⁴, XU Shanshan^1,2,3, CAO Guangqiu^1,2,3, YE Yiquan^1,2,3* 43true AhPRK4 was an aluminum-responsive gene. To explore the role of AhPRK4 in response to aluminum stress, we analyzed the expression of AhPRK4 by qRT-PCR in ‘ZH2'(Al-sensitive)and ‘99-1507'(Al-tolerant), clarified the protein structure and genetic relationship of AhPRK4 by sequence analysis, phylogenetic tree construction and other genetic analysis, constructed the recombinant plasmid by homologous recombination, obtained the intracellular domain recombinant protein of AhPRK4 by prokaryotic expression technology and determined the activity of the recombinant protein by incubation with phosphorylated antibodys. The results were as follows:(1)The transcription level of AhPRK4 was up-regulated after different aluminum treatments time and different aluminum concentrations, indicating that AhPRK4 was an aluminum inducible gene;(2)The AhPRK4 protein had 673 amino acids with transmembrane domain, signal peptide and phosphorylation active sites, belonging to the LRR-III protein kinase family;(3)The GST-AhPRK4-CD recombinant protein was induced in vitro and verified by Western Blot. And the recombinant protein had phosphorylated on both serine/threonine and tyrosine residues, but had no significant auto-phosphorylation activity. In conclusion, AhPRK4 is an aluminum responsive gene, which participated in the regulation of short-term aluminum stress and is phosphorylated in vitro.]]> 2023/6/27 16:37:32 1, LI Xia¹, CHEN Yuxi¹, ZHAN Jie^1,2,3, WANG Aiqin^1,2,3, HE Longfei^1,2,3, XIAO Dong^1,2,3*]]> SU Guijun¹, LI Xia¹, CHEN Yuxi¹, ZHAN Jie^1,2,3, WANG Aiqin^1,2,3, HE Longfei^1,2,3, XIAO Dong^1,2,3* 42true Paris polyphylla var. chinensis, the biomass and the polyphyllin contents of different samples from different origins were determined, soil composition was measured, and the correlations between soil factors biomass and medicinal components were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)There were differences in soil composition in different place, while the yield and polyphyllin content in samples in different places were quite different.(2)Correlation analysis showed that the dry weight was significantly positively correlated with organic matter, total nitrogen, and alkaline nitrogen, the polyphyllin I content was significantly positively related with organic matter and available phosphorus, the polyphyllin Ⅱ content was significantly positively correlated with available phosphorus and available potassium.(3)Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the dry weight was dominantly affected by alkaline nitrogen, the polyphyllin I was dominantly affected by organic matter, the polyphyllin Ⅱ was dominantly affected by available phosphorus, and was linear negatively correlated with alkaline nitrogen. In summary, the main soil factors affecting dry weight was alkaline nitrogen, the main soil factors affecting the polyphyllin total content was organic matter and available phosphorus. The results provide a support for the artificial cultivation.]]> 2023/6/27 16:37:32 1, ZHAO Zhiguo¹, WU Qiaofen¹, LI Xiujuan¹, ZHENG Wenjun², QIU Shuo^1,2*]]> XIA Ke¹, ZHAO Zhiguo¹, WU Qiaofen¹, LI Xiujuan¹, ZHENG Wenjun², QIU Shuo^1,2* 41true -1)stress compared with the treatment of adding CA(100 μg·L^-1). We set up four groups of treatments in the experiment: Control(CK, distilled water), NaCl(100 mmol·L^-1), NaCl+CA(100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl + 100 μg·L^-1 CA), and CA(100 μg·L^-1). The results were as follows:(1)With the application of CA, the germination potential and the germination rate of tomato seeds were both improved. The root length and fresh weight of tomato seedlings were also significantly increased under NaCl(100 mmol·L^-1)stress.(2)CA could effectively alleviate the excessive accumulation, oxidative damage and cell death of total ROS caused by salt stress in roots of tomato seedlings. To sum up, CA can improve the salt tolerance of tomato during germination and seedling stage by alleviating the degree of oxidative damage of seedlings, and CA has the potential in field production as a new preparation.]]> 2023/6/27 16:37:32 1,3, LIU Mingqing², LI Yan², HUANG Sijie^2*, YANG Lifei^1,3]]> WANG Yuxiao^1,3, LIU Mingqing², LI Yan², HUANG Sijie^2*, YANG Lifei^1,3 40true OsIMA genes in response to Cd stress, we analyzed the expression of two OsIMA genes by qRT-PCR, generated OsIMA1 overexpression plants and CRISPR/Cas9 edited ima1 mutants by genetic transformation, assessed the plant heights of OsIMA1 overexpressing plants and ima1 mutant plants under Cd stress, and measured the Fe and Cd concentration of root and shoot. The results were as follows:(1)Transcriptional levels both OsIMA1 and OsIMA2 were up-regulated by Cd treatment.(2)Overexpression of OsIMA1 gene improved the tolerance of plants to Cd stress.(3)The loss-of-function of OsIMA1 led to the higher sensitivity of plants to Cd stress.(4)OsIMA1 overexpressing plants accumulated more Cd in the root and the ima1 mutants accumulated more Cd in the shoot. To sum up, OsIMA1 improves Cd tolerance by restricting Cd translocation from root to shoot, which provides the theoretical reference for breeding the Cd-tolerant rice.]]> 2023/6/27 16:37:33 1,2, LU Chengkai^1,2, LIANG Gang^1,2*]]> PENG Feng^1,2, LU Chengkai^1,2, LIANG Gang^1,2* 39true Hippophae rhamnoides)is an important dioecious tree species of protective plantation with insufficiently documented on the sexual responses difference to environmental stress as well as the interaction between sexual competition and heavy metal stress. In order to provide the practical guidance for repairing heavy metal pollution in soil, the physiological responses and tolerance of male and female sea buckthorn plants under Mn stress and different sexual competition interaction patterns were discussed. The physiological responses of sea buckthorn under Mn stress(4 000 mg·kg^-1)and three different sexual combinations(female × female, male × male, female × male)were determined, including the contents of chlorophyll, peroxidase(POD), superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), total phenols(TP), free proline(Pro), soluble sugar(SS), glycine betaine(GB)and manganese in male and female leaves. The results were as follows:(1)Under Mn stress, the SOD of male plants(M/FM)was the highest in all competition combinations, while the MDA content was not significantly increased compared with the control, indicating that the male plants had better antioxidant capacity and less membrane oxidative damage.(2)M/FM accumulated more free proline and showed better osmotic adjustment ability under Mn stress, indicating that male plants under sexual competition showed better tolerance to Mn stress.(3)The study indicated that male-female interaction and Mn stress interaction significantly affected the physiological response characteristics of sea buckthorn leaves, such as chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment. Principal component analysis showed that the contents of SOD, POD, MDA, chlorophyll b(Chlb), SS and Pro in leaves could be used as the main physiological response indicators. The results can be used as a reference for the remediation of soil heavy metal pollution by sea buckthorn plants.]]> 2023/6/27 16:37:33 1, LIN Yuhu¹, HE Yunxiao^1,2, CHEN Hao¹, XU Yuanhong¹, SUN Xudong^1,2, CHEN Juan^1,2*]]> FANG Ling¹, LIN Yuhu¹, HE Yunxiao^1,2, CHEN Hao¹, XU Yuanhong¹, SUN Xudong^1,2, CHEN Juan^1,2* 38true Moringa oleifera is a perennial tropical deciduous tree species, which has high economic value and cultivation purpose. In order to investigate the effects of different water(W)and nitrogen(N)additions on the root growth and traits of M. oleifera, we explored the response of root growth(e.g., root length, surface area, volume and average diameter of coarse and fine roots)of M. oleifera seedlings to the coupling of different soil water and nitrogen availabilities. There were three soil W gradients including 40%(low water, W1), 60%(medium water, W2), 80%(high water, W3)of field saturated water capacity(SWC), and four N application levels, including no notrigen(N0, 0 g·plant^-1), low notrigen(N1, 0.6 g·plant^-1), medium notrigen(N2, 1.8 g·plant^-1), and high notrigen(N3, 3.6 g·plant^-1). The results were as follows:(1)W treatment had no significant effects on the coarse and fine root traits.(2)N treatment significantly affected the coarse root length, surface area, volume, average diameter and specific root area(SRA), while only significantly influenced fine root average diameter and SRA.(3)Two-way ANOVA demonstrated that the interaction between W and N only dramatically affected fine root length; under the same W treatment, low N promoted but high N suppressed the coarse and fine root length, surface area and volume, suggesting that the coupling of N1 with W2, or N1 with W3 to some extent promoted the root growth. The study indicates that single W treatment does not change the root traits, N1 promotes but N3 inhibit the root growth, and the coarse root are more sensitive to N application than fine root thus the coupling of W and N can obviously regulate the root growth of M. oleifera. Therefore, in order to promote the growth and biomass accumulation of M. oleifera, usage and coupling percentage of water and nitrogen should be restrained and effectively enhance the water and nitrogen efficiency in practices.]]> 2023/6/12 9:49:26 1, LIU Li², PENG Zhongtong³, CHEN Yiqun³, WANG Yiying¹, LIU Yue¹, ZENG Shucai¹, MO Qifeng^1*]]> HE Zhihang¹, LIU Li², PENG Zhongtong³, CHEN Yiqun³, WANG Yiying¹, LIU Yue¹, ZENG Shucai¹, MO Qifeng^1* 37true Eucalyptus robusta, the toxic effects of volatiles from E. robusta were studied by microscopic, cytochemical and qRT-PCR techniques, taking volatile oil from E. robusta and its main components α-pinene and eucalyptol as donors, and using root cells and leaf guard cells of Vicia faba as targets. The results were as follows:(1)The growth of radicle of V. faba were exhibited and showed a time-concentration dependent effects under the treatments of the volatiles of Eucalyptus robusta. The allelopathic effects were volatile oil, α-pinene and eucalyptol in descending order.(2)When Vicia faba roots were exposed to Eucalyptus robusta volatiles, the activity of root border cells decreased, the micronucleus rate of cells in the meristematic zone increased, mitotic index decreased, and the cell cycle of most cells was arrested in the prophase of division.(3)Under the action of the volatiles of E. robusta, the activity of NADPH oxidase increased, reactive oxygen species(ROS)burst in leaf guard cells of Vicia faba, microfilament polymerization, and stomatal aperture decreased. At the same time, the leaf epidermis strip of V. faba was treated with Eucalyptus robusta volatiles, the nuclear distortion rate of leaf guard cells increased. Moreover, the treatment of E. robusta volatiles led to the decrease of guard cell activity and caspase-dependent apoptosis in Vicia faba. However, the guard cell survival rates increased when the leaf epidermis strips of V. faba were exposed to volatiles from Eucalyptus robusta combined with different concentrations of Ca²⁺channel blocker(LaCl₃), ROS scavenger ascorbic acid(AsA), and nitrate reductase inhibitors(NaN₃), which indicated that the volatiles of E. robusta changed the signal regulation of Ca²⁺, ROS and NO. These results suggested that the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the volatiles of E. robusta altered the signal transduction pathway of the receptor cells, induced the genetic aberration of the root tip cells, then led to the dysfunction of protective function and stomatal movement of the receptor root border cells, which affected the root growth and photosynthesis of the receptor, and ultimately hindered the growth of receptor. The results provide a theoretical basis for scientific planting and management of E. robusta planting area.]]> 2023/6/12 9:49:26 *]]> REN Yumin, MENG Qiaoqiao, WANG Yu, MA Danwei^* 36true Persea americana)fruit during the growth and development were studied. An approach of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, ion exchange chromatography derived after ninhydrin column, reflux extraction, burning and GC-MS technique were applied to determine the contents of mineral elements, ash, amino acids, crude fat, and fatty acid composition in three avocado cultivars(‘HASS'‘V3' and ‘V4'), at different growth and development time from June to December. The results were as follows:(1)Oleic acid was the main oil component in the three avocado cultivars. The contents of crude fat in ‘HASS' and ‘V4' fruits increased continuously during the growth and development stages, and reached to the maximum on December, while V3 fruit increased continuously from June to October, while decreased in November and December.(2)All fruits of ‘HASS'‘V3' and ‘V4' contained 17 kinds of amino acids, including seven essential(Thr, Met, Val, Leu, Ile, Phe, Lys)for human beings, two essential(Arg, His)for children, and eight non-essential(Pro, Tyr, Cys, Ala, Gly, Glu, Ser, Asp)amino acids. The contents of 17 amino acids in ‘HASS' and ‘V3' fruits reached to the peak in November, while ‘V4' fruits reached to the peak in October.(3)All the ‘HASS'‘V3' and ‘V4' fruits contained nine mineral elements of P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Na. Among which, the contents of P, K, Zn, Fe and Na accumulated to the maximum in the later stages of growth(October to December), while the changes for the other four mineral elements were not obvious.(4)The variation of ash contents in the three avocado cultivars was similar to that of the crude fat. In conclusion, It suggests that the three studied avocado cultivars, ‘HASS'‘V3' and ‘V4', have met the picking requirements since October and can be optimized the harvest time following fluctuations in demand. The results provide a scientific basis for determining the best time to harvest avocados.]]> 2023/6/12 9:49:26 1,2, ZHU Hongtao¹, LI Yazhi³, XIANG Hanzhang³, LI Na¹, WANG Dong¹, ZHANG Yingjun^1*]]> TANG Ni^1,2, ZHU Hongtao¹, LI Yazhi³, XIANG Hanzhang³, LI Na¹, WANG Dong¹, ZHANG Yingjun^1* 35true Cerasus ‘Hongxia', a Yunnan flowering cheery cultivar blooming in March with semi-double to double pink petals, have been widely cultivated in central Yunnan for its high ornamental value. It was regarded as the cultivar of Cerasus cerasoides var. rubea. However, it was clustered in C. campanulata based on molecular markers. Therefore, the phylogeny of these cultivars are doubtful, which is not conducive to their breeding and cultivation. In order to explore the origin of Cerasus ‘Hongxia', with leaf DNA of Cerasus ‘Hongxia' as material, chloropast genome characteristics were sequenced by Illumina, assembled, annotated, and analyzed by bioinformatic methods, and analyzed by MISA and Genious R10. The phylogenetic tree of Cerasus was reconstructed by using RAxML 8.0, and the phylogenetic relationship of Cerasus ‘Hongxia' was analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genome of Cerasus ‘Hongxia' was 157 832 bp in length, containing a pair of reverse repeat sequence(inverted repeat sequence,IR, 26 381 bp)regions, which were separated by a short single copy(SSC, 19 120 bp)region and a long single copy(LSC, 85 950 bp)region. A total of 128 genes were encoded, including 84 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA ribosomal genes. The overall Guanine and Cytosine content of genome was 36.73%.(2)Based on the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree analysis of 16 chloroplast genome of Cerasus, it was found that Cerasus ‘Hongxia' was formed as sister to C. subhirtella and C. yedoensis, and was far away from C. cerasoides. Therefore, we speculated that Cerasus ‘Hongxia' may be a hybrid cultivar of C. campanulata and C. subhirtella or C. yedoensis, rather than the cultivar of C. cerasoides. The above results are be useful for studies of the origination and genetic breeding of Cerasus ‘Hongxia', as well as the cultivar identification and classification of C. cerasoides.]]> 2023/6/12 9:49:26 *]]> YAN Chengmin, ZHENG Wei, XU Xiaodan^* 34true Arabidopsis thaliana as the research object and explored the function and mechanism of circadian clock PRR proteins in the control of anthocyanin biosynthesis. The results were as follows:(1)The accumulation of anthocyanin and the expression of some anthocyanin synthesis-related genes were significantly reduced in PRR genes single mutant and multiple mutant seedlings.(2)On the contrary, in the seedlings with overexpression of PRR5, the accumulation of anthocyanin and the expression of some anthocyanin synthesis-related genes were significantly increased.(3)The results of the protein-protein interaction experiment showed that PRR5 protein could interact with MYB75, MYB90, MYB113 and TT8 to form protein complexes.(4)Results of genetic analysis showed that PRR5 promoted anthocyanin synthesis in A. thaliana seedlings depended on the MYB family anthocyanin regulatory proteins. In conclusion, the circadian clock PRR protein may promote the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin in A. thaliana seedlings through the interaction of PRR5 protein with MYB75, TT8.]]> 2023/5/12 15:53:21 1,2, YANG Milian^1,2, HU Yanru^1*]]> YANG Jiajia^1,2, YANG Milian^1,2, HU Yanru^1* 33true 3)on the growth of ‘Paulownia 1201' seedlings under NaCl stress, this study took ‘Paulownia 1201' seedlings as materials, different NaCl and GA₃ concentrations were set to determine and analyze the physiological indexes, photosynthetic indexes and ion transport capacity of ‘Paulownia 1201' seedlings under NaCl stress alleviated by GA₃. The results were as follows:(1)Under 150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl stress, the growth of ‘Paulownia 1201' seedlings decreased significantly(P<0.05), which was more than 50%. The appropriate concentration of exogenous GA₃ significantly increased the plant height, root length and biomass of ‘Paulownia 1201' seedling. The dry weight of 400 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatment increased by 69.71% compared with A0.(2)With the increase of GA₃ concentration, the activities of three antioxidant enzymes(SOD, POD, CAT)increased significantly; content of MDA decreased significantly; chlorophyll content and gas exchange parameters(P_n, T_r, C_i, G_s)were increased, and the photosynthetic efficiency increased; the contents of each ion(K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺)increased first and then decreased. The Na⁺ contents in leaves and roots of 400 mg·L^-1 GA₃ treatment group decreased by 23.59% and 11.92% compared with A0.(3)Correlation analysis and PCA analysis showed that there was a correlation between each index, seedlings which treated with different concentrations of GA₃ had obvious differences, and the best alleviating effect was found when the concentration of GA₃ was 400 mg·L^-1. In summary, foliar spraying GA₃ can enhance the antioxidant capacity of ‘Paulownia 1201' seedlings under salt stress, alleviate the membrane lipid peroxidation reaction caused by the increase of reactive oxygen species under salt stress, promote the accumulation of photosynthesis and biomass of plants, reduce the absorption of Na⁺ by plants, promote the accumulation of nutrient ions, adding 400 mg·L^-1 GA₃ can improve the resistance of ‘Paulownia 1201' seedlings best. This study provides a basis for further understanding of Paulownia salt tolerance mechanism identification, and also provides a scientific reference for the development and utilization of Paulownia in saline land.]]> 2023/5/12 15:53:21 1, YANG Huihuan¹, YU Hong², HAN Yu¹, REN Fangfang¹, RU Guangxin^1*]]> ZHU Xiuhong¹, YANG Huihuan¹, YU Hong², HAN Yu¹, REN Fangfang¹, RU Guangxin^1* 32true Saxifraga stolonifera is often used in landscape of courtyards and gardens. The light intensity may have an important infuence on its growth performance, especially on leaf color, formation and coloration of leaf variegation, which subsequently affects its ornamental value. However, the related study has not been reported before. In order to explore the adaptability of different cultivars of S. stolonifera to light intensity and understand their light or shade tolerance, three internationally-registered cultivars raised in China were used as the experimental materials, the effects of five light intensity treatments(100%, 85%, 60%, 40% and 15%)on plant growth and development and photosynthetic physiological indexes were investigated. The suitable indexes of light intensity for S. stolonifera were screened by the principal component analysis, and the light tolerance of the cultivars was evaluated by membership function analysis. The results were as follows:(1)The number of blades, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, specific leaf area, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents increased with shading.(2)The number of stolons, fresh weight above ground, dry weight above ground, stolon diameter, and the contents of carotenoid and flavonoids increased first and then decreased.(3)The maximum fluorescence value and the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and malondialdehyde of the leaves decreased with shading.(4)By analysis of principal component and membership function, the significant differences were found in the adaptability of the three cultivars to light intensity, ‘Xue Wen' > ‘Tianmu Enci' > ‘Hei Kui'. In which, 40% light intensity was optimal for ‘Xue Wen', and 15%-40% light intensities were optimal for ‘Tianmu Enci' and ‘Hei Kui'. Therefore, in horticultural practice, the suitable light intensity should be considered according to the cultivars of Saxifraga.]]> 2023/5/12 15:53:21 1,2,3,4, CAI Wenqi^1,3, ZHANG Damao^1,3, CHEN Qianru^1,3, LI Yanlin^1,3*, TIAN Daike^2,4*]]> TANG Shimei^1,2,3,4, CAI Wenqi^1,3, ZHANG Damao^1,3, CHEN Qianru^1,3, LI Yanlin^1,3*, TIAN Daike^2,4* 31true Wolfiporia cocos lignocellulolytic enzymes and culture methods on its main enzymes, the main lignocellulolytic enzymes of W. cocos were determined in this study. The microscopic observation of the culture characteristics of the wild W. cocos strains was carried out, three pairs of primers were used for PCR amplification to carry out phylogenetic identification, and the dominant strain YX1 was screened by qualitative culture and finally the activities of cellulase, hemicellulase and ligninolytic enzymes under different conditions were determined by microplate reader. The results were as follows:(1)W. cocos had mycelium, fruiting body and sclerotium three morphological characteristics.(2)PCR obtained rDNA-ITS sequence of 1 652 bp, ribosomal large subunit sequence of 660 bp and translation elongation factor sequence of 545 bp, and submitted to NCBI,accession numbers were ON129554, ON129553, and ON155840, respectively.(3)The highest secretion of exo-β-glucanase(CBH), endo-β-glucanase(EG)and β-glucosidase(BGL)in the presence or absence of sawdust was 16-17 U·mL^-1, 32-35 U·mL^-1, 36-37 U·mL^-1; The maximum secretion of xylanase, mannanase and α-glucosidase was 28-38 U·mL^-1, 280-342 U·mL^-1, 9-11 U·mL^-1. The three ligninolytic enzymes manganese peroxidase(MnP), laccase, and lignin peroxidase(LiP)had weak enzymatic activities in four different cultures, the magnitude of enzymatic activities in lignocellulases were in the order of mannanase > xylanase > BGL> EG > CBH > α-glucosidase > LiP > MnP > laccase, and there were significant differences between cellulase and hemicellulase enzymatic activities(P<0.05). In conclusion, this study combines morphological and molecular identification to clarify the taxonomic status of YX1, which has both relationship and genetic gap with brown rot fungi, and provides a basic enzymatic reference for the degradation mechanism of the lignocellulolytic enzymes system produced by W. cocos.]]> 2023/5/12 15:53:21 1, YIN Liwei^1*, HU Ting¹, YANG Chuncheng¹, WU Lin², HUANG Zhu¹, HU Ya'nan¹]]> QIN Wen¹, YIN Liwei^1*, HU Ting¹, YANG Chuncheng¹, WU Lin², HUANG Zhu¹, HU Ya'nan¹ 30true -1 melatonin treatment significantly increased the photosynthetic capacity of wheat plants, Chlorophyll a(Chl a), Chlorophyll b(Chl b)and Chlorophyll(a+b)[Chl(a+b)] increased to the maximum value when melatonin concentration was 0.1 μmol·L^-1. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters include parameters of quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation Y(NPQ), the electron transport rate(ETR)and non-photochemical quenching(NPQ)also reached the maximum at 0.1 μmol·L^-1. The PS Ⅱ maximum photosynthetic efficiency(Fv/Fm)and maximum photochemical conversion potential(Fv/Fo)decreased with the increase of melatonin concentration. Photochemical quenching(qL)decreased first and then increased with the increase of melatonin.(2)Compared with CK(0 μmol·L^-1), low concentration of melatonin treatment significantly decreased peroxidase(POD)activity in wheat and decreased catalase(CAT)activity in wheat leaves, high melatonin concentration significantly increased POD activity in wheat. The content of malondialdehyde(MDA)in wheat roots decreased firstly and then increased with the increase of melatonin concentration. In conclusion, it suggests that appropriate melatonin treatment can promote the growth of wheat and maintain the photosynthetic capacity of wheat at a high level, and can also regulate oxidative stress induced by different concentrations of melatonin in wheat seedlings through POD and CAT. This study laid a foundation for further understanding the regulatory mechanism of melatonin in wheat.]]> 2023/5/12 15:53:21 *]]> CHU Jing, TIAN Xiaoqin, CHEN Shihua, GUO Shanli^* 29true Prunus serrulata is a famous ornamental plant worldwide. Flower color is the most prominent trait of cherry. In order to analyze the different pathways and key metabolite change in flower color among P. serrulata cultivars, we conducted a comparative analysis of anthocyanin metabolomics among white, green, and pink P. serrulata cultivars using LC-MS/MS. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 42 anthocyanins were detected, mainly including petunidin, delphinidin, flavonoids, malvidin, peonidin, cyanidin, pelargonidin, and procyanidins.(2)A total of 25 anthocyanins were identified as differential metabolites, including 11 down-regulated and 14 up-regulated ones, in which seven anthocyanins with higher abundance in the pink flower.(3)KEGG pathway annotation showed that the differential metabolites were significantly enriched in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway; the results of clustering showed that petunidin-3-O-glucoside was the key metabolite for flower color differences of P. serrulata cultivars. This study provides important insights into the metabolic mechanism of flower color differences in P. serrulata and a reference for novel color cultivars and variety breeding.]]> 2023/5/12 15:53:21 1,2, PAN Jingyi^1,2, ZHANG Min^1,2, YI Xiangui^1,2, WANG Xianrong^1,2, LI Meng^1,2*]]> YE Qi^1,2, PAN Jingyi^1,2, ZHANG Min^1,2, YI Xiangui^1,2, WANG Xianrong^1,2, LI Meng^1,2* 28true Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis has long been controversial and the interspecific relationships of some species are unclear. At present, chloroplast genomes have been used to solve the phylogenetic problems of subg. Quercus and Castanea in the Fagaceae, but there are few researches on solving the phylogenetic problems of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis with chloroplast genome information. To reveal the chloroplasts genome characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of Quercus ningangensis, Q. oxyodon, Q. gambleana and Q. neglecta. In this study, mature leaves of the above four species of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis were selected for next-generation sequencing, and the chloroplast genome structure and characteristics were analyzed, phylogeny was studied in combination with related taxa. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genome sequences of Q. ningangensis, Q. oxyodon, Q. gambleana and Q. neglecta were 160 906, 160 883, 160 832, 160 784 bp, respectively. They all encoded 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes.(2)The codons ending in A/T were preferred by the four species of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis, and the variation regions of plastid genome mainly existed in non-coding sequences.(3)According to IR boundary analysis, ycf1 pseudogene was found in four species of Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis and expanded in IRb/SSC regions.(4)Phylogenetic analysis showed that Fagus and Trigonobalanus were differentiated early in Fagaceae, while subg. Quercus did not form a monophyly. The results of phylogenetic tree based on chloroplast genome were consistent with the nuclear marker plasmid markers. Interspersed between Ilex group and Cerris group in subg. Quercus. (5)The Flora of China and some local flora treated Q. gambleana as a separate species, while ZHOU Zhekun and DENG Min et al. treated Q. gambleana as a subspecies according to the characteristics of leaves. The phylogenetic status of Q. gambleana is still controversial. Based on the chloroplast genome information and previous morphological analysis results, the present study supported the idea that Q. gambleana existed as an independent species. This study provides basic data for discussing the phylogenetic status of the Quercus subg. Cyclobalanopsis, the division of its groups, and the resolution of doubtful relationships among them.]]> 2023/5/12 15:53:21 *]]> HUANG Ting, TANG Meng, CHEN Xiaoli, LI Buyu, ZHNAG Xuemei^* 27true Codonopsis pilosula, effects of sodium selenite levels on Se accumulation, growth, physiology and quality were explored by using hydroponic experiments. The results were as follows:(1)Treatment with 0.2 mg·L^-1 Se promoted leaf size, plant height and biomass of C. pilosula, while treatment with 10 mg·L^-1 Se suppressed them.(2)Both increasing Se level and exposure time to C. pilosula seedlings could raise its Se contents in root and leaf, and Se was distributed in organs with an order of root>leaf>stem.(3)Treatment with 0.2 mg·L^-1 Se increased photosynthetic pigment content and root activity, and reduced malondialdehyde, proline and hydrogen peroxide contents, while treatment with 10 mg·L^-1 Se had opposite effects.(4)Treatment with 0.2 mg·L^-1 Se had positive effects on accumulations of lobetyolin, polysaccharide, and soluble protein, while treatment with 10 mg·L^-1 Se had negative effects on the accumulations of polysaccharide and soluble protein. In summary, sodium selenite has double effect on C. pilosula; application of appropriate Se is beneficial to its growth, plant physiology and quality, and 0.2 mg·L^-1 Se level is the optimum. This study may improve us to understand the effect of selenite level on the biology effect of C. pilosula, which will be useful for the basic research and cultivation of Se-enriched C. pilosula.]]> 2023/5/12 15:53:21 *]]> LI Tingting, DUAN Gengting, ZHANG Lan, WANG Dandan, WU Faming, YAO Qiuyang^* 26true Hydrangea macrophylla, non-adjustable color ‘Tijana' and adjustable color ‘Ravi Brent' of Hydrangea macrophylla were used as experimental materials. The extraction conditions were optimized and the components of H. macrophylla anthocyanins were measured. Their physical-chemical stabilities were also explored, aiming to explore the mechanism of flower color adjustability. The optimal extraction conditions of Hydrangea anthocyanins by the ultrasonic method were determined through L₉(3³)orthogonal experiments. The anthocyanin components were separated and identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. And the effects of temperature, light, metal ions and sugars on the physical-chemical stabilities of H. macrophylla anthocyanins were also explored in vitro conditions. The results were as follows:(1)The optimal conditions for extraction of H. macrophylla anthocyanins were that the ethanol concentration for ‘Tijana' and ‘Ravi Brent' were 70% and 80% respectively; the ratio of plant material to extraction solution was both 1:20; and the extraction time was both 20 m.(2)The main anthocyanin component of the two varieties was both Delphinidin 3-O-glucoside.(3)H. macrophylla anthocyanins were more stable when stored below 70 ℃ and in the dark.(4)Both Cu²⁺ and Al³⁺ change the color of the anthocyanin solution, and Cu²⁺ specifically improved the stability of the anthocyanin of ‘Tijana'. 10-90 mmol·L^-1 Ca²⁺, Al³⁺ and 90 mmol·L^-1 Mg²⁺ had significant effects on the stability of anthocyanin of both varieties. Glucose, maltose, sucrose, galactose and 8%-10% concentration of rhamnose increased the stability of the non-adjustable color ‘Tijana' Hydrangea macrophlla anthocyanins. While 4%-10% concentration of rhamnose promoted the stability of adjustable color ‘Ravi Brent' Hydrangea macrophylla anthocyanins. The non-adjustable color ‘Tijana' of H. macrophylla anthocyanins were more stable to light, sugars and most metal ions, compared with the adjustable color ‘Ravi Brent'. Only the anthocyanins of the adjustable color ‘Ravi Brent' of H. macrophylla turned from pink to blue, and its stability increased after adding low medium concentration(10-30 mmol·L^-1)of Al³⁺. However, the non-adjustable color ‘Tijana' of H. macrophylla did not have this kind of color change, indicating that the difference in color adjustability of H. flowers is related to its physical-chemical stability. These results provide the theoretical reference for the extraction and observation of H. macrophlla anthocyanins, flower color improvement and dry flower color protection.]]> 2023/5/12 15:53:21 *]]> LI Qingyun, TANG Qianwen, CHEN Guanqun, SHEN Xiaohui^* 25true Gentiana macrophylla is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for treating jaundice, hepatitis, and stomachic and choleretic ailments, and its main secondary metabolites are secoiridiod glycosides represented by gentiopicroside. The biosynthetic pathway of gentiopicroside is via methylerythritol phosphate pathway(MEP)and mevalonate pathway(MVA)pathways. Fosmidomycin and lovastatin are specific inhibitors of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase(DXR)of the MEP pathway and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase(HMGR)of the MVA pathway, and are widely used in the research of the biosynthesis pathway and regulation mechanism of secondary metabolites. The article aims to test and search for the optimal condition for decreasing the contents of four secoiridiod glycosides compounds(loganic acid, sweroside, swertiamarin and gentiopicroside)in G. macrophylla by using the orthogonal test designs. In this study, the concentration of fosmidomycin(A), concentration of lovastatin(B)and sampling days(C)were taken as three factors, and each factor was taken as four levels to design an orthogonal test, with 16 groups of treatment. HPLC was used to determine the contents of four secoiridiod glycosides, and the data were statistically analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)The contents of the four secoiridiod glycosides compounds in G. macrophylla were most affected by sampling time, followed by fosmidomycin concentration and then lovastatin concentration.(2)After treatment with the optimal inhibitory conditions, the contents of loganic acid, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside and sweroside decreased by 69%, 36%, 33% and 4% respectively. In conclusion, optimal inhibition conditions are determined to be fosmidomycin 400 μmol·L^-1, lovastatin 50 μmol·L^-1, samples are harvested on six days, which provides the reference for further research on the regulatory mechanism of MEP and MVA pathways in the metabolism and synthesis of secoiridiod glycosides.]]> 2023/5/12 15:53:21 1, HE Yihan^1*, YIN Yangyang¹, HU Wei¹, YANG Ye¹, YUE Zhenggang^1,2]]> FU Huanhuan¹, HE Yihan^1*, YIN Yangyang¹, HU Wei¹, YANG Ye¹, YUE Zhenggang^1,2 24true 2 concentration were significantly increased by 15.88%, 1.41%, 6.84%, 18.67%, 10.06%, respectively, photosynthetic capacity was enhanced, and the dry matter accumulation per plant in FL145 was significantly increased by 9.26%.(4)At harvest, the number of millable canes, stem length and stem diameter of newly planted sugarcane in FL145 were significantly increased. The theoretical yield and actual yield in FL145 significantly were increased by 5.07% and 5.11%, respectively, while the sucrose content in cane juice and the Brix were significantly increased by 1.61% and 1.50%, respectively, and the content of reducing sugar was significantly decreased by 12.50%.(5)Compared with CK, the total production cost of newly planted sugarcane in FL145 was reduced by 378 yuan·hm^-2, while the total output value and the profit were increased by 1 934.4 and 2 312.4 yuan·hm^-2, respectively. Therefore, FL145 has the effect of reducing cost and increasing efficiency in the production of newly planted sugarcane by reducing the investment in soil preparation and ditching and chemical weeding. Meanwhile, FL145 creates better soil conditions, and has a positive effect on the root growth, thereby promoting photosynthetic capacity and the growth and development of plant, and has a positive effect on the accumulation of dry matter and sugar, resulting in the increase of the quality and yield of newly planted sugarcane.]]> 2023/3/26 0:00:00 1, QIN Dongshuang¹, HAN Shijian¹, WEI Benhui², LI Zhigang¹, LI Suli^1*]]> ZENG Weicong¹, QIN Dongshuang¹, HAN Shijian¹, WEI Benhui², LI Zhigang¹, LI Suli^1* 23true Paeonia suffruticosa cultivar ‘Lihua Fen' and lateral-flowered cultivars ‘Zimei Youchun' and ‘Yun'e Fen' were compared in order to provide a reference for the long florescence breeding of tree peony. The flower bud differentiation process of ‘Lihua Fen', ‘Zimei Youchun' and ‘Yun'e Fen' were observed by anatomy and paraffin sections. The contents of auxin(IAA), abscisic acid(ABA), gibberellin(GA₃)and zeatin nucleoside(ZR)in ‘Lihua Fen' and ‘Zimei Youchun' at different differentiation stages were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The results were as follows:(1)The flower bud differentiation of ‘Lihua Fen' was only 6 stages and that of ‘Zimei Youchun' and ‘Yun'e Fen' were 11 stages. The apical flower primordium differentiated earlier than the lateral flower primordium.(2)The contents of ABA, GA₃ and ZR of ‘Zimei Youchun' and ‘Lihua Fen' increased during the leaf primordium differentiating to the bract primordium, while the content of IAA decreased. As for ‘Zimei Youchun', ABA and GA₃ contents decreased at the initial stage of lateral flower primordium, while ZR and IAA increased.(3)The ABA/IAA of ‘Lihua Fen' was the lowest at morphological differentiation stage. The study reveals that the lateral-flowered cultivars have earlier and longer flower bud differentiation compared with the single-flowered cultivar, parts of the floral organ differentiation stage of apical and lateral flowers overlaps. Higher ZR and IAA levels and lower ABA and GA₃ levels are beneficial to initiate lateral flower primordium differentiation.]]> 2023/3/26 0:00:00 1, DONG Xiaoxiao¹, YUAN Tao^1*, LI Qingdao², BIE Peiting¹]]> CHEN Tingqiao¹, DONG Xiaoxiao¹, YUAN Tao^1*, LI Qingdao², BIE Peiting¹ 22true Ardisia humilis is an excellent wild ornamental plant. For the purpose of fully utilization of this elite germplasm, the flowering biology and breeding system of this plant had been explored in this study. We conducted field investigation in the flowering phenology, flower-visiting insect and their visiting behaviors on A. humilis individuals introduced in homogeneous garden. Furthermore, pollen viability and stigma receptivity were detected by pollen germination in vitro and benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method, respectively. Combined with artificial pollination,the self-compatibility and the self-pollination of A. humilis were also analyzed in this study. The results were as follows:(1)The florescence of A. humilis was from mid-late May to early June, and the full flowering period was at the end of May. The flowering period of the population, single plant and single flower were approximately 25 d, 17-20 d and 1 d, respectively.(2)A. humilis developed protogynic bisexual flowers, the pistil ripened first with partial overlaps on mature stage of pistil and that of stamen, while stigma remained receptivity until 1 d after stamens fall.(3)With the out-crossing index(OCI)value of 4 and pollen / ovule value of 5.61×10³, the breeding system of A. humilis was considered to be outcrossing with partial self-compatibility, and the pollinator insects were essential.(4)The seed set of natural pollination ranked the highest level(average 52.96%), followed by that of autogamy(52.29%)and of artificial-cross pollination(50.33%), with no significant differences among the three(P>0.05), but significantly higher than that of artificial geitonogamy(28.67%)(P<0.05). This study indicated that, beside of being excellent flowering plant, A. humilis was also a potentially important ornamental fruit plant due to the generalized pollination system and the strongly autogamy ability which enhancing the high success of fruits development from blossoms.(5)Lasioglossum sp. 1, Lasioglossum sp. 2 and Halictus sp. were the most observed floral visitors on Ardisia humilis. This study provides an important theoretical reference for the resource utilization and germplasm innovation of A. humilis.]]> 2023/3/26 0:00:00 1,2, MAO Shizhong², HU Xinghua^2*, ZHU Xiaozhen², DUAN Yunbo², DENG Tao², HUANG Shixun²]]> YE Jiatong^1,2, MAO Shizhong², HU Xinghua^2*, ZHU Xiaozhen², DUAN Yunbo², DENG Tao², HUANG Shixun² 21true Derris Lour., widely distributed in Southwest China, has promising development and utilization values as a raw material source of biopesticide rotenone. In order to explore germplasm resources with high rotenone content and excellent agronomic traits, and to promote the cultivation of Derris and the development of rotenone industry, we collected 14 Derris species and measured their rotenone contents through a resource survey in South China and Vietnam, and focused on seedling breeding and artificial cultivation technology for two Derris species with high rotenone content. The results were as follows:(1)All 14 Derris species could be successfully grown in Guilin, Derris elliptica and Derris montana with high rotenone content were selected for further research.(2)Both of the cutting survival rate of the two Derris plants were more than 95%; the rotenone was mainly concentrated in plant roots, rotenone content of thick roots was higher than that of thin roots, rotenone content in the xylem was higher than that in the phloem.(3)The highest rotenone content reached 14.12% for D. elliptica and 6.75% for D. montana, rotenone content of the two Derris plants were fluctuated with seasons, rose rapidly from the sprouting period of the plants in spring and maintained at high levels thereafter. All these results indicate that both D. elliptica and D. montana have high exploitation value, and the latter grow more rapidly and has higher yield compared with D. elliptica.]]> 2023/3/26 0:00:00 *, WANG Xingui, LOU Shumao, ZHANG Yibin, QIN Hongbo]]> PAN Yanlin, GUO Lunfa^*, WANG Xingui, LOU Shumao, ZHANG Yibin, QIN Hongbo 20true Arabidopsis, which is upregulated under Fe deficiency condition, however, the underlying regulatory mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the single and dual overexpression plants of A. thaliana bHLH38 and FIT, as well as the bHLH Ib quadruple mutant plants,were used as research materials, and Fe deficiency test and quantitative RT-PCR were used to analyze the change of FIT transcription level from the perspective of RT-RNA. The results were as follows:(1)Under Fe sufficient condition, the transcription level of FIT significantly increased in the bHLH38 overexpression plants compared with in the wild type plants.(2)The transcription of FIT did not respond to Fe deficiency in the bHLH Ib quadruple mutant plant.(3)The overexpression of FIT could not activate the transcription of native FIT, and the dual overexpression of FIT and bHLH38 promoted the transcription of native FIT under Fe sufficient conditions.(4)There was no significant difference for the expression of FIT between the transgenic or mutant plants and wild type plants under Fe deficiency condition. Taken together, these data suggest that bHLH Ib transcription factors are necessary, but not sufficient, for the upregulation of FIT by Fe deficiency. The results of this study provide new insights into the various ways that plants work together to maintain Fe homeostasis.]]> 2023/3/26 12:05:36 1,2, LIANG Gang^1*]]> YANG Yujie^1,2, LIANG Gang^1* 19true Citrus maxima ‘Mansailong' seeds as the research material, heated the seeds at different developmental stages, and simultaneously detected changes in seed morphology, contents of soluble protein and heat-stable protein, and cellular ultrastructure. The results were as follows:(1)The seed moisture content dramatically dropped between 23 and 49 weeks after flowering(WAF), whereas the percentage of DW/FW and fresh weight increased significantly. All of these indicators began to change quickly from 31 WAF and stabilized around 41 WAF.(2)At 29 WAF, the seeds acquired full seedling formation ability and a preliminary tolerance to high temperature; from there, the high-temperature tolerance gradually grew and improved quickly between 37 and 49 WAF. The improvement in high-temperature tolerance was accompanied by a steady increase in contents of soluble protein and heat-stable protein of seeds, from 23 to 49 WAF. The results of the correlation analysis showed a substantial positive correlation between the accumulation of heat-stable protein and soluble protein and the ability of seeds to tolerate high temperature.(3)Ultrastructural observation showed that the number of mitochondria progressively dropped as the seed developed, the volume of the embryonic axis cells gradually decreased, and the number of lipid bodies in the cells gradually rose and their arrangement became more and more regular. In addition, the vacuoles enlarge at the same time, and at a later stage, they were packed with black floccules. In conclusion, the C. maxima ‘Mansailong' seeds reach physiological maturity at 41 WAF without any noticeable maturation drying; the ability to tolerate high temperature is acquired during seed development and is further enhanced until a later stage; changes in cellural ultrastructure and an increase in contents of soluble protein and heat-stable protein of seeds are essential in helping the seeds develop their high-temperature tolerance.]]> 2024/6/5 11:30:13 1,2, YANG Lan¹, WEN Bin^1*, CHEN Ligang¹]]> AN Xuejiao^1,2, YANG Lan¹, WEN Bin^1*, CHEN Ligang¹ 18true Pyrrosia petiolosa as well as the synthesis and accumulation of chlorogenic acid(CGA), tissue culture seedlings of P. petiolosa were used as materials, and three concentration gradients of low nutrient( no fertilization: N₀, P₀, K₀ ), normal fertilization( N: 0.20 g·kg^-1, P: 0.15 g·kg^-1, K: 0.15 g·kg^-1 )and high nutrient( N₁: 0.40 g·kg^-1, P₁: 0.30 g·kg^-1, K₁: 0.30 g·kg^-1)were set up. Seven treatments were set up to NPK, N₀PK, N₁PK, NP₀K, NP₁K, NPK₀ and NPK₁, and the resistance physiological indexes, CGA contents and key enzyme activities of P. petiolosa under different treatments were determined. The results were as follows:(1)Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers had significant effects on the resistance physiology of P. petiolosa. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)increased significantly under high nitrogen and low potassium treatments, but catalase(CAT)activities rose significantly under low and high treatments of three nutrients.(2)The contents of CGA in P. petiolosa was significantly affected by different nutrient levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The CGA level in normal fertilization was the highest, reaching 12.92 mg·g^-1, while the CGA content in high potassium fertilization was the lowest, 7.79 mg·g^-1. Potassium fertilizer had the most significant effect on CGA content.(3)The key enzyme activities of CGA synthesis were significantly different in different fertilization treatments. The content of CGA was positively correlated with the activities of quinate o-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(HQT)and 4-coumaroyl coenzyme ligase(4CL), and negatively correlated with the activity of quinic acid shikimate o-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase(HCT). HQT, 4CL and HCT were the key factors leading to the difference of CGA content. The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for the artificial cultivation of P. petiolosa.]]> 2024/6/5 11:30:13 1, PAN Zhifang¹, CUI Xiangxiang¹, ZHOU Xiao¹, CHEN Jianhua^1,2, HUANG Rongshao^1,2, LI Liangbo^1,2*]]> BU Yuanyuan¹, PAN Zhifang¹, CUI Xiangxiang¹, ZHOU Xiao¹, CHEN Jianhua^1,2, HUANG Rongshao^1,2, LI Liangbo^1,2* 17true Isatis indigotica upon Plasmodiophora brassicae exposure. The grades of disease severity according to morphology were verified. Moreover, histological observation, physiological and biochemical parameters have been collected together with transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis in Isatis indigotica after infection for 0, 7, 14, 21 d. The results were as follows:(1)After inoculation for 0, 7, 14, 21 d with Plasmodiophora brassicae, Isatis indigotica showed club root grades in 0, 1, 3, and 5 respectively, notably, cortical invasion occurred on 7 d.(2)When Plasmodiophora brassicae exposed lasting 14 d later, the contents of soluble protein and malondialdehyde, along with superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and catalase activities in Isatis indigotica increased significantly compared to control group at time depended manner.(3)A total of 161 alkaloids were detected in metabolomics, among those alkaloids, indoles were noticed as the most abundant form. There were 16, 17 and 39 discriminating metabolites had been spotted after infected with Plasmodiophora brassicae for 7, 14, 21 d, the most discriminating metabolites enriched at alkaloid and amino acid metabolism pathways.(4)Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 2 439, 256 and 6 437 genes expression alteration for 7, 14, 21 d compared to control, those differentially expressed genes enriched at 11 alkaloids related metabolism pathways. Markedly, expression level of 9 genes(encoding for enzymes thebaine synthase, tyrosine aminotransferase, indole-3-pyruvate monooxygenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase)were increased after infection for 7, 14, 21 d. The results reveal the interaction between Plasmodiophora brassicae and Isatis indigotica,explored the effects of Plasmodiophora brassicae on indole alkaloid synthesis and its key enzyme genes, and lay a foundation for later research on resistance genes and alkaloid secondary metabolic pathways in Isatis indigotica.]]> 2024/6/5 11:30:13 1, LI Guodong¹, ZHANG Liqin², ZHAO Mingzhi³, SHI Jianlian³, LIU Jiajia^1*]]> ZHAO Shuli¹, LI Guodong¹, ZHANG Liqin², ZHAO Mingzhi³, SHI Jianlian³, LIU Jiajia^1* 16true Phoebe bournei seedlings in natural communities under extremely low light environment. Two-year-old seedlings of P. bournei were used as experimental materials.Leaf morphology, anatomical structure and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of P. bournei seedlings were measured by simulating different light environments(100%, 35% and 10% light transmittance), and to explore the internal relationship between seedling morphology, physiological plasticity and light adaptation. The results were as follows:(1)The leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and specific leaf area(SLA)of seedlings increased with the decrease of light intensity. The leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness and palisade/spongy(palisade tissue thickness/spongy tissue thickness)of 10% light transmittance were the minimum.(2)The net photosynthetic rate(P_n), stomatal conductance(G_s), transpiration rate(T_r), light utilization efficiency(LUE), photochemical quenching coefficient(q_p), non photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ), effective photosynthetic quantum yield(F_v'/F_m')and potential photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_o)of photosystem Ⅱ of 35% light transmittance were significantly higher than those of 100% and 10% light transmittances.(3)Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total chlorophyll and maximal photochemical efficiency(F_v/F_m)all increased with the decrease of light intensity, but chlorophyll a/b decreased with the decrease of light intensity.(4)The phenotypic plasticity indexes of seedling structure and physiology showed that photosynthetic pigment content characteristics > morphological characteristics > photosynthetic characteristics > anatomical structure characteristics > chlorophyll fluorescence parameter characteristics, among which, the phenotypic plasticity indexes of leaf area, SLA, P_n, G_s, LUE and photosynthetic pigment content ranged from 0.455 to 0.755. To sum up, P. bournei seedlings are not suitable to grow under full light, and perform well under about 35% light transmittance; under extremely low light with 10% light transmittance, P. bournei leaves can improve light energy capture by increasing leaf area, SLA, P_n and photosynthetic pigment content; the seedlings of P. bournei mainly adapt to the low light environment by adjusting the plasticity of photosynthetic pigment content and morphology, coordinating with the changes of anatomical structure, photosynthetic physiology and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter plasticity. This study can provide theoretical reference for the management and selection of light environment of P. bournei for future cultivation.]]> 2024/4/1 11:07:45 1,2, WEI Xiaoli^1,3*, YAO Yao¹, JIN Nianqing¹, WU Gaoyin¹, WANG Xiao¹]]> AN Jing^1,2, WEI Xiaoli^1,3*, YAO Yao¹, JIN Nianqing¹, WU Gaoyin¹, WANG Xiao¹ 15true Prunus mume ‘Gulihong' seedlings through informed fertilization strategies, a comprehensive three-factor, three-level orthogonal experiment was designed, utilizing one-year-old ‘Gulihong' cuttings as the test material. We specifically investigated the impact of light substrate ratios(volume ratios), single fertilization amount, and fertilization frequencies on the growth and physiological characteristics of ‘Gulihong' seedlings. The quality index(QI)for each treatment was calculated utilizing a seedling quality index formula. Principal component analysis was subsequently performed on individual index, and weight coefficients were computed to elucidate the relationships between variables. The fertilization effect D value was ascertained using a membership function model. The results were as follows:(1)The overall growth of ‘Gulihong' seedlings was optimal with a pine needle soil:grass charcoal:perlite(volume ratio)of 1:2:2, outperforming the other two substrate ratios in terms of growth outcomes.(2)In fertilization treatments, the contents of the soluble sugar, soluble protein, chlorophyll, and photosynthetic parameters of ‘Gulihong' seedlings increased with higher fertilizer application rates. However, some indices plateaued or marginally decreased when the application rate was excessive, underscoring the necessity of balanced fertilization.(3)The nutrient contents in ‘Gulihong' leaves consistently increased with higher fertilizer application rates, highlighting the direct relationship between fertilization and nutrient uptake.(4)A fertilization frequency of 20 days and a single fertilization amount of 200 mL were conducive to biomass accumulation in ‘Gulihong' seedlings, promoting overall growth. Considering plant growth index, physiological index, nutrient content, QI, membership model, and principal component analysis results, the recommended light substrate fertilization program for one-year-old ‘Gulihong' seedlings comprises a nutrient solution with N=420 mg·L^-1, P=217 mg·L^-1, K=273 mg·L^-1, pine needle soil:grass charcoal:perlite(volume ratios)=1:2:2, a single fertilization amount of 150 mL, and a fertilization frequency of 15 days. This conclusion provides a vital technical support for the light substrate cultivation of ‘Gulihong', indispensable theoretical support for further exploration of general formulas suitable for one-year-old P. mume seedlings, and holds significant implications for the scientific fertilization and export of P. mume, ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of the industry.]]> 2024/4/1 11:07:45 *]]> REN Anqi, WEI Linxin, ZHANG Ruoxi, ZHANG Yuhan, LI Qingwei^* 14true Pinus massoniana, four aluminum concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mmol·L^-1 were set up in this study. The growth status of P. massoniana and the distribution characteristics of aluminum at the subcellular level under different Al concentrations were studied by pot experiment. The results were as follows:(1)P. massoniana exhibited significant growth enhancement under 0.5 mmol·L^-1 Al treatment, and the biomass, seedling height, root length, as well as the number of lateral roots were all significantly promoted. However, higher Al concentrations(≥1 mmol·L^-1)led to diminished growth promotion effects and inhibited root growth and cell viability in P. massoniana root tips.(2)Translocation of Al from roots to shoots in P. massoniana was limited. The absorbed Al was mainly deposited in the roots(P<0.05), although the accumulation of Al in the shoots increased along with the Al concentration increased.(3)At the subcellular level, different Al concentrations affected the proportions of absorbed Al deposited in cell walls and vacuoles. Under both 0.5 and 1.0 mmol·L^-1Al treatments, the proportions of Al in both the cell walls and vacuoles of roots or shoots were all at higher levels compared with other cell components, and there was no significant difference between the Al contents of cell walls and vacuoles. However, at high Al concentration(2.0 mmol·L^-1), a majority of deposited Al was found on the cell walls, accounting for 55% and 70% in root and shoot cells, respectively. In contrast, the Al contents in the organelles and cytoplasm maintained low levels of Al concentration treatments, which mitigated the adverse effects of Al on cellular functions. In summary, the presented results suggest that P. massoniana effectively adapted to Al stress through coordinated distribution and subcellular localization mechanisms for absorbed Al. This evokes the needs of further investigation of the adaptation mechanisms of P. massoniana to Al stress from both the cellular and molecular levels.]]> 2024/4/1 11:07:45 1,2, SUN Xueguang^1,2*, YUAN Guiyun^1,2, FENG Wanyan^1,2]]> REN Heqin^1,2, SUN Xueguang^1,2*, YUAN Guiyun^1,2, FENG Wanyan^1,2 13true Drynaria roosii is a typical epiphytic pteridophyte in Karst area, which lives on the surface or crevice of rocks mainly through its rhizome. The dried rhizome of D. roosii is used as medicine and has important medicinal value. In order to study the changes of metabolites in D. roosii rhizome under Ca²⁺ stress, the D. roosii rhizome under different concentrations(0, 600, 1 200 mmol·L^-1)of Ca²⁺ stress was analyzed by using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF/MS). The results were as follows:(1)A total of 64 differentially expressed metabolites were identified.(2)Forty-eight differentially expressed metabolites were identified between the 0 mmol·L^-1and 600 mmol·L^-1 comparison group, 45 differentially expressed metabolites were identified between the 0 mmol·L^-1 and 1 200 mmol·L^-1 comparison group, and 44 differentially expressed metabolites were identified between the 600 and 1 200 mmol·L^-1 comparison group.(3)The identified differentially expressed metabolites were classified into five categories according to their chemical classification information. In summary, Ca²⁺ stress affects the amino acid metabolism, flavonoids biosynthesis, lignin biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism and other pathways of D. roosii rhizome. Through non-targeted metabolomics analysis, the key metabolites that response to Ca²⁺ stress in D. roosii rhizome are revealed. These results lay a foundation for further study on the regulatory mechanism of D. roosii adaptation to Ca²⁺ stress, and also provide a new idea for the quality improvement of medicinal materials of D. roosii rhizome.]]> 2024/4/1 11:07:45 *]]> WU Yilin, LI Hui, MA Hongna, LI Weizhong, TAN Longyan^* 12true Xanthoceras sorbifolium, the seeds of four cultivars [‘Putong'(PT),‘Qihong'(QH), ‘Wofeng'(WF)and‘Woshi'(WS)] were stored at -20 ℃ for different periods(30, 60, 90, 120, 150 d). The seed germination indexes were determined in each treatment, and the changes of reserve substance and hormone content were also analyzed in three stages including before storage, after storage, and 7 days of germination. The results were as follows:(1)Cold storage could significantly promote the germination rate and germination potential of small seeds(PT, QH). The best treatment was cold storage for 60 d, and the germination rate was up to 48.3% and 58.3%, respectively. The effects of cold storage on large seeds(WF and WS )was lower than that of small seeds.(2)The kernel oil content, seed shell thickness(SST)in four cultivar seeds all decreased significantly during periods of cold storage and germination, especially in 3-7 days of germination, the oil content and SST(except WS cultivar)decreased notably. However, water content in kernels increased rapidly within 1-3 days of germination and then slowly increased to the peak value on the 7th day. The contents of soluble sugar in kernels increased significantly at the 3-4 days of germination.(3)Cold storage increased GA/ABA and tHor/ABA ratios in small seeds(PT, QH), promoted oil degradation, made seed shell thinning and break seed dormancy. In conclusion, the main factors leading to dormancy in X. sorbifolium seeds are larger in size, higher shell thickness and more hardness, physiological post-ripening, and belongs to comprehensive dormancy type. Cold storage at -20 ℃ for 60 d can improve the germination rate of PT, QH and WF seeds, reduces dormancy degree, while the cold storage time of WS seeds needs prolonging to 150 d. The method using -20 ℃ storage with wet sand germination is a rapid and simple method to promote X. sorbifolium seeds germination. This study provides a reference for the promotion of superior varieties and the research on the seed breaking dormancy mechanism in X. sorbifolium.]]> 2024/4/1 11:07:45 1, HU Yuchen¹, CHEN Ying^1*, CHENG Le¹, JU Dingshun¹, LI Shouke², CAO Fuliang¹]]> WU Qinxia¹, HU Yuchen¹, CHEN Ying^1*, CHENG Le¹, JU Dingshun¹, LI Shouke², CAO Fuliang¹ 11true Thuidium kanedae is a kind of moss with wide distribution and high landscape value. However, we lack information about the cultivation of T. kanedae. To investigate an appropriate scheme of fertilization for the growth and development of T. kanedae, pot culture experiments were conducted with no fertilization(CK)as control, using urea(N fertilizer), calcium superphosphate(P fertilizer)and potassium sulfate(K fertilizer)combination treatments, set three levels(1-3)fertilization schemes. We investigated the growth length, coverage and color ratio of T. kanedae in various treatments, and we confirmed the fertilization scheme conducive to its growth. At the same time, the changes of related physiological indexes of plants in the optimal fertilization scheme were measured to explore the effects of fertilizer on the growth and physiological characteristics of T. kanedae. The results were as follows:(1)The coverages of T. kanedae under N₁ and N₂P₂K₂ treatments were the highest and significantly higher than that of CK. The plant length under N₁ and N₂K₂ treatments were the highest and larger than that of CK. The plants treated with N₃P₃K₃ and N₂P₂K₂ had the best green degree maintenance.(2)N fertilizer and combined application of NK and NPK had the best promotion effects on the growth of T. kanedae. Overall, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and soluble sugar under these treatments were higher than that of CK, while the content of soluble protein was lower than that of CK.(3)The correlation analysis showed that the green proportion was highly significantly and positively correlated with the coverage, the growth length was highly significantly and negatively correlated with the chlorophyll content of the plant. The results of this study illustrate that different treatments of fertilizer have different effects on the growth and color of T. kanedae. N fertilizer should be the main fertilizer for T. kanedae, and P and K combined application should be supplemented. N₂P₂K₂(N, P, K fertilization rates are 26, 14, 28 kg·hm^-2·a^-1 respectively)treatment has the best effects on the growth status and green degree of T. kanedae.]]> 2024/4/1 11:07:45 *, SHI Bingyang, CHEN Hongmei]]> YANG Shuoyuan, WANG Xiurong^*, SHI Bingyang, CHEN Hongmei 10true 2024/4/1 11:07:45 *]]> LI Hongyan, OU Meijing, ZHAO Qiuju, LI Jiawei^* 9true 2024/4/1 11:07:45 *]]> LI Hongyan, OU Meijing, ZHAO Qiuju, LI Jiawei^* 8true Morus alba seedlings grown in karst regions may suffer from low nitrogen stress. In order to provide a scientific management of inorganic nitrogen for M. alba seedlings grown in karst regions, the M. alba seedlings were used as the experimental materials in this study. The M. alba seedlings were cultured hydroponically with a modified Hoagland solution. NaNO₃, with a δ¹⁵N of 22.35‰, was employed as the sole nitrogen source at three concentrations(0.5, 2.0, and 8.0 mmol·L^-1)in this study. The photosynthetic characteristics, dry weights, carbon contents, nitrogen contents and δ¹⁵N values of the leaves, stems and roots of the M. alba seedlings were measured in this study. The physiological responses to different nitrogen supply levels were analyzed for M. alba seedlings. The relationship between internal nitrogen demand and external nitrogen supply of M. alba seedlings was estimated based on the stable nitrogen isotope fractionation values at the whole-plant scale. The carbon-nitrogen coupling relationship was studied based on the nitrogen accumulation amount(NAA)and carbon accumulation amount(CAA)in the whole plant. The results were as follows:(1)When the nitrate nitrogen concentrations at 0.5, 2.0 mmol·L^-1, increasing nitrate nitrogen concentrations significantly increased the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of the M. alba seedlings, which in turn significantly promoted the biomass accumulation. However, when the nitrate nitrogen concentration exceeded 2.0 mmol·L^-1, more nitrate nitrogen supply(8.0 mmol·L^-1)did not lead to a significant increase in the chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and biomass.(2)Increasing the nitrate nitrogen supply could promote the nitrogen assimilation in M. alba seedlings. The NAA in M. alba seedlings gradually increased with increasing nitrate nitrogen supply. However, the CAA in M. alba seedlings did not change significantly at nitrate nitrogen concentrations of 2.0 mmol·L^-1 and 8.0 mmol·L^-1.(3)The stable nitrogen isotope fractionation values of the nitrate nitrogen assimilates in the whole M. alba seedlings reached the minimum value at 2.0 mmol·L^-1. Therefore, the inorganic nitrogen supply at the nitrate nitrogen concentration of 2.0 mmol·L^-1 is close to the internal nitrogen demand of M. alba seedlings, and the close balance between external nitrogen supply and internal nitrogen demand of the plants means an effective coordination of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plants, thus achieving a simultaneous increase in carbon and nitrogen assimilates.]]> 2024/4/1 11:07:45 1, WU Yanyou^1,2*, ZHANG Kaiyan³]]> ZHANG Furong¹, WU Yanyou^1,2*, ZHANG Kaiyan³ 7true Pleurotus pulmonarius cultivated with three different substrates among eucalyptus bark, eucalyptus sawdust and miscellaneous sawdust. Based on the Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry(UHPLC-MS)technique, an untargeted metabolomic study was performed on the differences metabolites of fruit bodies of Pleurotus pulmonarius under different cultivation substrates by and Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis(OPLS-DA). The results were as follows:(1)The screening results based on Value Importance in Projection(VIP)>1 and T test P<0.05 showed that there were 45 differential metabolites and eight differential metabolite pathways between treatment Group B(eucalyptus sawdust)and control Group A(miscellaneous sawdust), 53 differential metabolites and 15 differential metabolite pathways between treatment Group C(eucalyptus sawdust)and control Group A, and 39 differential metabolites and five differential metabolite pathways between treatments Group B and Group C, respectively.(2)According to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment metabolic pathway, four significant metabolic pathways were obtained between treatment Group C and control Group A, including arginine biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and treatment groups B and C obtained one significant metabolic pathway which was Histidine metabolism, while there was no significant metabolic pathway between treatment Group B and control Group A(P>0.05). In conclusion, using the by-products of eucalyptus processing(eucalyptus bark and eucalyptus sawdust)as the main cultivation substrates of P. pulmonarius, especially eucalyptus sawdust, can realize resource recycling, reduce production costs and improve economic benefits. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of eucalyptus processing by-products in the cultivation of edible fungi.]]> 2024/4/1 11:07:45 1, WANG Canqin^1*, HU Xiuyue², LAN Taoju¹, WEI Shiyan¹, WEI Jiaojun¹, WU Shengjin¹]]> LUO Yanglan¹, WANG Canqin^1*, HU Xiuyue², LAN Taoju¹, WEI Shiyan¹, WEI Jiaojun¹, WU Shengjin¹ 6true in vitro culture technique. The results were as follows:(1)Selenium was mainly distributed in the cell wall of rice leaves, followed by chloroplast and mitochondrial fractions, with the least in the cytosol.(2)The uptake capacity of sodium selenite in leaves within a few hours of leaf application of selenium fertilizer was significantly higher than that of nano-selenium, selenomethionine and yeast selenium, by 1.25-fold, 1.32-fold and 5.43-fold, respectively, and the migration capacity was about 1.26-fold higher than that of the remaining three.(3)The optimal amount of selenium applied to each leaf was 0.008 mg, and at that time the selenium content in chloroplasts and mitochondria reached the maximum value.(4)Three to seven hour after leaf application of selenium was the critical time point for selenium uptake and translocation in leaves.(5)Meanwhile, compared with cyclodextrin and alkyl glycoside, the addition of rhamnolipid to exogenous selenium at a concentration of 30 mg·L^-1 promoted selenium uptake in rice leaves, and the content of the absorbed content increased by 80%. The above results provide the theoretical referecence for the subsequent understanding of selenium transport mechanisms in leaves, and also provide the support for the optimization of selenium formulations, the establishment of scientific selenium application systems, and the reduction of selenium ecological and environmental risks in the future.]]> 2024/12/5 21:50:58 1, LU Jiani^1,2, LI Xiaojun^2*, XUE Chenyang²]]> SUN Jianping¹, LU Jiani^1,2, LI Xiaojun^2*, XUE Chenyang² 5true 15N isotope tracing and physiological and biochemical analysis, this study aimed to clarify the characteristics of N uptake and utilization and its effect on the accumulation of andrographolide components at different growth stages(rapid growth stage, jointing stage, budding stage, flowering stage)of Andrographis paniculata. The results were as follows:(1)N contents in leaf and root decreased gradually with the growth stage, and it was lower in the NN treatment.(2)The uptake rate of N was higher in the vegetative growth stage, and rapidly decreased in the reproductive growth stage. The uptake rates of AN, UN and GN were higher than that of NN in A. paniculata.(3)The allocation ratio of N in leaf was decreased, while the allocation ratio of N in stem was increased at budding stage. In comparison to the NN treatment, AN, UN, and GN treatments reduced N allocation ratio in leaf, but increased the ratios in stem and root at this growth stage.(4)At rapid growth stage, the maximum carboxylation rate and maximum electron transport rate of photosynthesis were lower in the NN treatment, as well as the proportion of leaf N allocation in the carboxylation system and bioenergetics components. The allocation of leaf N in the carboxylation system in UN and AN treatments were reduced at budding and flowering stages, respectively.(5)AN, UN and GN increased andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide contents, and decreased 14-deoxyandrographolide content at budding and flowering stages, while neoandrographolide was slightly affected by N forms.(6)The contents of andrographolide and neoandrographolide were significantly negatively correlated with N contents in leaf, stem and root, N uptake rate, and N allocation ratios in leaf and root, while they were significantly positively correlated with N allocation ratio in stem. The opposite was true for 14-deoxyandrographolide. Taken together, the results indicate that the vegetative growth stage is the main stage for N uptake in A. paniculata, and that A. paniculata can better utilize AN, UN, and GN, and promote the accumulation of andrographolide components by optimizing N allocation. The results provide a theoretical reference for N management of A. paniculata.]]> 2024/12/5 21:50:58 1,2,3, LIN Yang^1,2,3, WAN Si^1,2,3, ZHONG Chu^1,2,3*, LIU Han^1,2,3]]> JIAN Shaofen^1,2,3, LIN Yang^1,2,3, WAN Si^1,2,3, ZHONG Chu^1,2,3*, LIU Han^1,2,3 4true Bacillus natto on the ability of Dicranopteris pedata to tolerate high temperature stress, we determined the physiological indexes of photosynthesis and resistance to high temperature of annual D. pedata under different temperatures and fertilizer treatments. The results were as follows:(1)Both temperature and fertilizer could significantly affect the photosynthesis and high temperature resistance physiology of D. pedata(P<0.05).(2)The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content of D. pedata leaves were significantly reduced(P<0.05)when the temperature was increased to 45 ℃. The inhibition of photosynthetic physiology of Dicranopteris pedata by high-temperature stress was an non-stomatal limiting. To defend the high temperature stress, the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase activity, proline, malondialdehyde content, and relative conductivity of D. pedata were increased significantly(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the control group and the organic fertilizer group, the fertilizer with microbial agent audition significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and the activities of peroxide dismutase and catalase in leaves of D. pedata, and decreased the intercellular CO₂ concentration, malondialdehyde content and the relative electrical conductivity of D. pedata leaves(P<0.05).(4)The evaluation method combining principal component analysis and membership function method was used to evaluate the high temperature resistance of D. pedata. It was found that the D. pedata scored higher in resistance to high temperature under fertilizer-added origin manure application. Overall, D. pedata has a certain degree of resistance to high temperature, and can selectively induce stress resistance physiology to adapt the high temperatures environment according to different stress environments. Bacillus natto can alleviate the photosynthesis inhibition of Dicranopteris pedata by high temperature stress, induce the increase of antioxidant enzyme activities to alleviate cell damage, reduce the pressure of osmoregulation, and effectively improved the resistance of D. pedata induced by high temperature stress. This study provide a reference for the ecological restoration and soil and water conservation in the southern red soil erosion area and similar areas.]]> 2024/12/5 21:50:59 1, CHEN Zhiqiang^1*, LUO Lijin², WANG Jian¹]]> FENG Liujun¹, CHEN Zhiqiang^1*, LUO Lijin², WANG Jian¹ 3true Ranunculus japonicus, Thalictrum fortunei and Delphinium anthriscifolium var. savatieri in different light environments, five shade treatment levels(0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% shade degrees)were set in this study, the photosynthetic indexes of the three plants were determined, and the effects of different shade treatments on their photosynthetic characteristics and shade-tolerance evaluation were studied. The results were as follows: with the increase of shading degree,(1)The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll(a+b)and carotenoid increased, while the content of chlorophyll a/b decreased.(2)The apparent quantum yield(AQY)of the three plants increased first and then decreased; the maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_max)of Ranunculus japonicus and Delphinium anthriscifolium var. savatieri showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing, while the P_max of Thalictrum fortunei showed a decreasing trend. The light saturation point(LSP), light compensation point(LCP)and dark respiration rate(R_d)of the three plants decreased gradually.(3)The original fluorescence(F_o)decreased first and then increased, while the maximum fluorescence(F_m), variable fluorescence(F_v), maximum photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(F_v/F_m)and potential activity of PS Ⅱ(F_v/F_o)values increased first and then decreased; the quantum ratio of heat dissipation(φDo)and the energy dissipated per unit reaction center(DIo/RC)decreased first and then increased, while electron transport quantum yield(φEo), light energy absorbed per unit reaction center(ABS/RC), light energy captured per unit reaction center(TRo/RC), energy used to transfer electrons per unit reaction center(ETo/RC), photosynthetic performance index(PIabs)and comprehensive performance index(PItotal)increased first and then decreased.(4)Comprehensive analysis on 20 single indicators by using analysis methods such as principal component analysis and membership function method showed that the shade-tolerance of the three plants ranked as Thalictrum fortunei > Delphinium anthriscifolium var. savatieri > R. japonicus. In conclusion, the three species have different adaptability to light, which provides a reference for the application of Ranunculaceae plants in landscaping.]]> 2024/12/5 21:50:59 *]]> HAN Ruiting, ZHAO Dandan, WANG Weiyi, ZHANG Gexiang^* 2true Andrographis paniculata rotation mode, and to investigate the effect mechanism of potato root exudates on phenolic acid allelochemicals in the potato-A. paniculata rotation system, the seeds of A. paniculata were used as materials to explore the effects of potato root exudates on seed germination, root border cell morphology, and root tip antioxidant enzyme activity of A. paniculata under cinnamic acid stress. The results were as follows:(1)0.4 mmol·L^-1 cinnamic acid significantly inhibited the germination and growth of A. paniculata seeds. Adding different concentrations of potato root exudates had a certain mitigation effect on all gerimation indexes. When the concentration of root exudate was 25 mg·mL^-1, the allelopathic effect index of each index reached its maximum value, indicating that the mitigation effect was the strongest at this time. Each germination index showed significant differences compared to the cinnamic acid group(P<0.05).(2)Cinnamic acid strongly damaged the root border cells of A. paniculata seedlings and significantly reduced the number and viability of root border cells. Adding potato root exudates could effectively alleviate this damage. After root exudates treatment, the number and viability of cells at the root border of A. paniculata increased significantly, and the apoptosis rate and thickness of the mucilage layer decreased significantly(P<0.05).(3)Cinnamic acid caused strong stress damage to the root tip of A. paniculata, which led to an imbalance of the antioxidant enzyme system and decreased root activity. After the treatment of potato root exudates, the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and malondialdehyde content in the root tip of A. paniculata decreased significantly, and the root activity increased significantly(P<0.05), indicating that the degree of damage to the root tip decreased. In conclusion, potato root exudates can reduce the degree of oxidative damage to the root tip of seedlings by reducing the allelopathic stress of root marginal cells, improve the tolerance of A. paniculata to cinnamic acid during germination and the seedling stage, and alleviate the allelopathic inhibition of cinnamic acid on the growth characteristics of A. paniculata seedlings. The results provide a theoretical reference for the rationality of the potato-A. paniculata rotation mode.]]> 2024/12/5 0:00:00 *]]> ZHENG Jianyun, HONG Linlan, GU Yuanqin, HUANG Jin, HU Jingwen, DING Mei, DU Qin^* 1true