Holcoglossum kimballianum is a rare and endangered orchid, and its wild populations are in urgent need of conservation. Endophytic fungi and bacteria are important to the growth and development of orchids. In order to assess the diversity of H. kimballianum endophytes and the impact of sampling methods on the endophytes, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the diversity of endophytes in fresh and silica gel-dried roots of H. kimballianum in ex-situ conservation. The results were as follows:(1)The species compositions of endophytic fungi and endophytic bacteria were distinctly different in fresh and silica gel-dried roots of H. kimballianum. There were total of 6 phyla 46 families 51 genera of endophytic fungi and 15 phyla 105 families 178 genera of endophytic bacteria annotated in the roots of the H. kimballianum. After silica gel-dried, the endophytic fungi of the H. kimballianum had total of 6 phyla, 88 families, 116 genera, and the endophytic bacteria had total of 21 phyla, 154 families, 336 genera.(2)Endophytes in the roots of H. kimballianum in ex-situ conservation were of richness and diversity of endophytic bacterial community was much higher than that of endophytic fungal community. After silica gel-dried, the α diversity indices of endophytic fungi increased and the β diversity indices decreased, while the α diversity indices of endophytic bacteria decreased and the β diversity indices increased.(3)Significantly different fungi Psathyrella candolleana and Colletotrichum tofieldiae only existed in the endophytic fungal communities of fresh roots. The significantly different bacteria in roots of fresh Hocoglossum kimballianum was Marseilla, and the significantly different bacteria in the silica gel-dried roots included Beijerinckiaceae, Xanthobacteraceae and Bradyrhizobium. (4)Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the dominant species and interaction patterns in the endophytic communities of the roots of Hocoglossum kimballianum were changed after silica gel-dried. In summary, different sampling treatments can affect the community structure of the endophytes in the roots of H. kimballianum, and it is advisable to use fresh root samples when studying the endophytes of orchids. The results provide an endophytic data basis for wild populations conservation and artificial cultivation of H. kimballianum, and also provide a reference for sampling methods of endophytic microorganisms in orchids.]]> 2023/6/27 16:37:32 1,2, WANG Meina², LI Jian², LI Suzhen², DUAN Xiaojuan², QIAO Qi^1*]]> ZHANG Zhenliang^1,2, WANG Meina², LI Jian², LI Suzhen², DUAN Xiaojuan², QIAO Qi^1* 6true Kuhlhasseltia yakushimensis (Yamamoto)Ormerod, Risleya atropurpurea King et Pantl., Stigmatodactylus sikokianus Maxim. ex Makino, Vrydagzynea nuda Bl., Apostasia shenzhenica Z. J. Liu & L. J. Chen, Bulbophyllum nipondhii Seidenf., Chamaegastrodia nanlingensis H. Z. Tian & F. W. Xing, Goodyera pendula Maxim., Hetaeria anomala Lindl., Liparis brunnea Ormerod, Luisia appressifolia Aver., Tropidia emeishanica K. Y. Lang, and Zeuxine nervosa(Lindl.)Trimen. Among them, Kuhlhasseltia J. J. Smith, Risleya King & Plantl., Stigmatodactylus Maxim. ex Makino, and Vrydagzynea Bl. are newly recorded genra in Guangxi. There are 128 genera and 472 species and 4 varieties of Guangxi Orchidaceae. Citation specimens, geographical distributions and pictures of the thirteen newly recorded species are provided.]]> 2023/6/27 16:37:32 1, 2, QIN Ying¹, XIE Gao^{1, 3}, LIU Yan^1*]]> HUANG Xuekui^{1, 2}, QIN Ying¹, XIE Gao^{1, 3}, LIU Yan^1* 5true Phalaenopsis was the genus with the highest ornamental and commercial values among orchids. Phalaenopsis with fragrance were rarely distributed in the market due to selection constraints, such as affinity, ploidy and breeding age. Therefore, research on transferring aroma traits into commercial Phalaenopsis are of great significance to the breeding of Phalaenopsis. In order to investigate the key aroma-causing components among different varieties of Phalaenopsis, the floral fragrance components of the eight new hybrid varieties in full blooming period were examined by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The principal components, clustering and aroma quality analysis were performed based on the identification of floral substance components. The results were as follows:(1)96 substances were detected in eight varieties of Phalaenopsis, mainly divided into eight categories of terpenes, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, ketones, ethers, phenols and aromatic compounds, among which terpenes were dominant in quantity and content and were the main volatile substances of Phalaenopsis.(2)Principal component analysis showed that eight varieties were divided into three quadrants, F2 had the most volatile components and the most quantity, terpenes were mainly 1,8-cineole, α-bergamotene, linalool and(+)-calarene; F1, F4, F5 and F8 were divided into a group without ketones, ethers or phenols, and they had the least volatile components and terpenes were mainly linalool; F3, F6 and F7 were divided into a group with more volatile components and the terpenes were mainly α-bergamotene.(3)The results of cluster analysis were consistent with the principal component analysis, and the eight varieties were clustered into three categories, F1, F4, F5 and F8 were more closely related to each other as floral odor types; F3, F6 and F7 were more closely related to each other as woody floral quality; F2 showed a long genetic distance from the other seven varieties, with complex floral components and relatively average contribution of volatile substances, and both woody, minty and fruity types. This study shows that floral fragrance substances can be used as potential trait markers to distinguish between groups of varieties with different fragrance characteristics and provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization research through cross selection to achieve specific floral fragrance Phalaenopsis selection and product processing and production.]]> 2023/6/27 16:37:32 1, ZHANG Yanping¹, HU Meijuan¹, CAO Yinghui¹, ZHANG Yangting¹, TONG Enhui¹, WANG Wenjun¹, ZHAO Kai², PENG Donghui¹, ZHOU Yuzhen^1*]]> TONG Yan¹, ZHANG Yanping¹, HU Meijuan¹, CAO Yinghui¹, ZHANG Yangting¹, TONG Enhui¹, WANG Wenjun¹, ZHAO Kai², PENG Donghui¹, ZHOU Yuzhen^1* 4true Cymbidium lancifolium, all the other species of Cymbidium have been listed as the national key protected wild plants. In order to explore its future distribution patterns under the future climatic, we gathered the distribution information of Cymbidium and 19 climatic factors, and used the Maximum Entropy(MaxEnt)Model and Geographic Information System(ArcGIS)to predict the future distribution patterns of Cymbidium in China. The future potential distribution patterns of 20 Cymbidium species were predicted under nine different climatic scenarios, including the current climatic and eight future climatic scenarios(two kinds of greenhouse gas emissions for 2030s, 2050s, 2070s and 2090s). The results were as follows:(1)The precipitation of the driest quarter(Bio17), annual precipitation(Bio12)and temperature seasonality(Bio4)were the dominant climatic factors affecting the future distribution of Cymbidium.(2)The suitable areas of different Cymbidium species had different change trends in the future scenarios, and the dominant climatic factors affecting them were also different. The suitable habitat area of eight Cymbidium species such as C. dayanum gradually increased, while the suitable habitat area of 12 Cymbidium species such as C. tracyanum decreased as a whole. In conclusion, the results provide an important reference for in-situ and ex-situ conservations of Cymbidium, and have positive significance to the conservation of Cymbidium and other endangered wild plants.]]> 2023/6/27 16:37:32 *]]> ZHENG Fang, HUANG Zhicong, CHEN Lijun, WANG Meng, YAN Yuehong, CHEN Jianbing^* 3true Cymbidium lancifolium, all the other species of Cymbidium have been listed as the national key protected wild plants. In order to explore its future distribution patterns under the future climatic, we gathered the distribution information of Cymbidium and 19 climatic factors, and used the Maximum Entropy(MaxEnt)Model and Geographic Information System(ArcGIS)to predict the future distribution patterns of Cymbidium in China. The future potential distribution patterns of 20 Cymbidium species were predicted under nine different climatic scenarios, including the current climatic and eight future climatic scenarios(two kinds of greenhouse gas emissions for 2030s, 2050s, 2070s and 2090s). The results were as follows:(1)The precipitation of the driest quarter(Bio17), annual precipitation(Bio12)and temperature seasonality(Bio4)were the dominant climatic factors affecting the future distribution of Cymbidium.(2)The suitable areas of different Cymbidium species had different change trends in the future scenarios, and the dominant climatic factors affecting them were also different. The suitable habitat area of eight Cymbidium species such as C. dayanum gradually increased, while the suitable habitat area of 12 Cymbidium species such as C. tracyanum decreased as a whole. In conclusion, the results provide an important reference for in-situ and ex-situ conservations of Cymbidium, and have positive significance to the conservation of Cymbidium and other endangered wild plants.]]> 2023/6/26 17:17:06 *]]> ZHENG Fang, HUANG Zhicong, CHEN Lijun, WANG Meng, YAN Yuehong, CHEN Jianbing^* 2true Dendrobium officinale. In order to explore the role of STM in the growth, development and stress response of D. officinale, four STM transcription factors were identified at the whole genome of D. officinale, and bioinformatics analysis of DoSTM gene family members were carried out. The expression of DoSTM in different tissue parts and different stress treatments were studied by reverse transcription PCR. The results were as follows:(1)DoSTM1-4 were hydrophilic proteins with SBP conserved domains and some hormone response sites.(2)Four DoSTM were expressed in root, stem and leaf, and the relative expression of DoSTM2 was the lowest in leaf; there was no significant differences in the relative expression level of DoSTM1/3/4.(3)The relative expression level of DoSTM1-4 changed significantly under low temperature, high temperature and drought stress, and the expression of DoSTM1/3/4 decreased most significantly. Therefore, it is speculated that DoSTM is related to hormone response, temperature change response and drought resistance in plants. These conclusions provide the reference for the further research on STM transcription factor of D. officinale.]]> 2023/6/27 16:37:32 *]]> YANG Le, NIE Cong, LONG Xiaoqin, HE Jize, YAN Chaoyue, ZHU Qiankun, WANG Wanjun^* 1true