Panax notoginseng is a valuable Chinese herb in China, and the root should be harvested between three and seven years after planting it. However, the growth of P. notoginseng is frequently hindered due to replanting failure. There have been numerous studies proving that the accumulation of allelochemicals in the soil is considered to be one of the reasons for the replanting failure of P. notoginseng. Biodegradation of allelochemical in soil has been shown to be an effective measure to alleviate continuous cropping obstacles, so screening allelochemical-degrading bacteria could provide biological resources for soil remediation. Based on this, this study adopted a research strategy of enrichment and domestication to isolate and screen saponin-degrading bacteria from the rhizosphere soil of P. notoginseng, which had been grown continuously for 3 years and more. Also, the highly active strains were identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis. In addition, the effect of highly active strain SC3 on degrading allelochemicals under different conditions was studied by HPLC. The results were as follows:(1)Eight strains of potentially degrading bacteria were successfully isolated from the rhizosphere soil of P. notoginseng. The results of the initial screening evaluation showed that strain SC3 had the best biodegradation effect on total saponins with 87.42% degradation rate.(2)Strain SC3 was identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. based on 16S rRNA gene analysis coupled with physiological and biochemical analyses.(3)The biodegradation of ginsenoside Rb₁ by strain SC3 was stronger than its degradation of ginsenoside Rg₁ under the same culture conditions.(4)The degradation of ginsenoside Rb₁ by SC3 strain under liquid culture conditions was significantly affected by different factors, such as substrate concentration, inoculum amount and incubation temperature. This study shows that the enrichment and domestication strategy can effectively screen allelochemical-degrading bacteria, and a possible application of strain SC3 in the bioremediation of saponin contamination in agricultural environments.]]> 2023/7/30 11:54:56 1,3, WEI Xiaolan³, CAO Kexin³, LI Liangbo², HUANG Rongshao^2*]]> XIANG Wei^1,3, WEI Xiaolan³, CAO Kexin³, LI Liangbo², HUANG Rongshao^2* 9true Sophora tonkinensis from wild type were germinated and grew healthily, but they in cultivated type were susceptible to insect and pathogen attack. In order to explore the possibility of disease control using beneficial endophytic fungal microbiome harbored in S. tonkinensis from healthy wild type, endophytic fungi were isolated from the root, stem and seed of S. tonkinensis from healthy wild type, and then were further identified based on morphological characters and ITS sequence characters. Phylogenetic tree, α-diversity index and β-diversity index were used to analyze the phylogenetic evolution, diversity and similarity among different endophytic fungal microbiomes. The pathogen-resistant function in vitro of endophytic fungal microbiome was determined by the agar plug method and flat-stand method. The results were as follows:(1)131 strains with 23 taxa, 108 strains with 23 taxa, and 64 strains with 11 taxa, were respectively isolated and identified from the root, stem and seed of S. tonkinensis;(2)More endemic genera and all endemic species, indicated that endophytic fungal microbiomes harbored in the root, stem and seed had tissue specificity in genus and species evolutionary tree;(3)The extremely low β-diversity between root-stem, root-seed, and stem-seed indicated that species similarity was very low among different endophytic fungal microbiomes;(4)The high α-diversity showed that endophytic fungal microbiomes harbored in the root, stem and seed were abundant biodiversity;(5)More than one third of the taxa antagonized pathogens in vitro. Endophytic fungal microbiome harbored in the root/stem showed strong broad-spectrum pathogenic bacteria/fungi-resistant function in vitro, and endophytic fungal microbiome harbored in the seeds showed strong broad-spectrum pathogenic fungi-resistant function in vitro. These results indicated beneficial endophytic fungal microbiome with tissue-specificity, biodiversity structure, and strong broad-spectrum pathogen-resistant function in vitro, harbored in healthy root, stem and seed of S. tonkinensis from wild type, and might play an important role in pathogen resistance in host tissues. Such results will provide material and experimental basis for disease control in different tissues of S. tonkinensis using beneficial endophytic fungal microbiome.]]> 2023/7/30 11:54:56 1, LAN Ke¹, HUANG Rongshao³, WU Xuanke^2*]]> YAO Yuqun¹, LAN Ke¹, HUANG Rongshao³, WU Xuanke^2* 8true Pyracantha fortuneana, the 16S rRNA V5-V7 variable region of endophytic bacteria in P. fortuneana was sequenced by high-throughput sequencing technology, and the diversity of endophytic bacteria community in different tissue parts of P. fortuneana was analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 1 818 endophytic bacteria OTU were obtained, in which 754 endophytic bacteria were from root, 308 from stem and 756 from leaf, and with a total of 152 OTU.(2)Species classification showed that endophytic bacteria in different P. fortuneana tissues had abundant community diversities, and the endophytic bacteria in root belonged to 557 species, 373 genera, 216 families, 137 orders, 53 classes, 23 phyla, Allorhizobium-Neorhizobium-Pararhizobium-Rhizobium and Streptomyces were the dominant genera, and their relative abundance was 10.57% and 8.00%, respectively. The endophytic bacteria in stem belonged to 270 species, 204 genera, 126 families, 76 orders, 32 classes, 21 phyla, Massilia and unclassified_f_Comamonadaceae were the dominant genera, and their relative abundance was 31.10% and 12.82%, respectively. The endophytic bacteria in leaf belonged to 581 species, 380 genera, 210 families, 130 orders, 52 classes, 21 phyla, geobacillus and pseudomonas were the dominant genera, and their relative abundance was 12.31% and 9.84%, respectively.(3)PICRUSt function prediction analysis showed that the species richness of root endophytic bacteria involved in te regulation of various metabolic pathways was the highest. These results provide a reference for endophytic bacteria functions and exploiting new beneficial microbial resources.]]> 2023/7/30 11:54:57 1, HU Hailin², GUI Tengrong³, GAO Xiu¹, XU Qingfang¹, ZHU Ling¹, XU Qihe¹, CAI Jian^1*]]> ZHANG Lifang¹, HU Hailin², GUI Tengrong³, GAO Xiu¹, XU Qingfang¹, ZHU Ling¹, XU Qihe¹, CAI Jian^1* 7true Solanum tuberosum), samples from three regions of Yunnan Province, namely, Dehong Mangshi, Dali Xizhou, and Lincang Shuangjiang. The endophytic fungi in potato roots, stems and tubers were isolated and cultured using the method of tissue block isolation. Well-grown colonies were purified using the method of tip mycelium selection. The endophytic fungi were identified by morphological methods and ITS sequence analysis. Then, the colonization rate, isolation rate and diversity index of the endophytic fungi were calculated and analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 98 endophytic fungi were isolated, including 40 strains samples from Dehong Mangshi, 27 strains from Dali Xizhou and 31 strains from Lincang Shuangjiang.(2)The endophytic fungi isolated from potato were identified to include 10 orders, 10 families and 13 genera, mostly of the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, with Fusarium and Penicillium as the dominant fungi. Five species of fungi, Emericella rugulosa, Fusarium sambucinum, Stereum hirsutum, Psathyrella sulcatotuberculosa and Epicoccum catenisporum were first reported to be isolated from potato plants.(3)Potato tuber had the highest colonization rate of endophytic fungi and root had the lowest; while the isolation rate of endophytic fungi was highest in potato root and lowest in stem; trend of diversity index of endophytic fungi in different tissues were H'_root > H'_tuber > H'_stem. In conclusion, the endophytic fungi in Yunnan potato plants are highly diverse, with different endophytic fungal dominants in potato samples among the three localities, potato root has the richest endophytic fungal populations and the highest isolation rate, and are therefore the most suitable material for endophytic fungal isolation. The above results provide a reference for later investigation of the antagonistic effect of endophytic fungi on pathogens in potato.]]> 2023/7/30 11:54:57 1, LIU He^1,2, YANG Jiting¹, WANG Yi², LIU Liangyan^1*]]> TIAN Jiajia¹, LIU He^1,2, YANG Jiting¹, WANG Yi², LIU Liangyan^1* 6true Trifolium repens), the effect of single or combined inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Paraglomus occultum and a rhizobium Rhizobium trifolii on plant growth, photosynthesis, leaf N and amino acid contents, and the activities of N assimilation-related enzymes were analyzed in white clover under potted conditions. The results obtained were as follows:(1)The plant height, stolon length, leaf number, shoot biomass, total biomass, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents, steady-state light quantum efficiency, and leaf N contents of white clover were significantly increased by single inoculation with Paraglomus occultum, single Rhizobium trifolii, and combined inoculations of Paraglomus occultum and Rhizobium trifolii, along with the order of combined inoculations of Paraglomus occultum and Rhizobium trifolii > single Paraglomus occultum > single Rhizobium trifolii > non-inoculation control.(2)Combined inoculations of Paraglomus occultum and Rhizobium trifolii significantly increased the contents of various amino acids including alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartate, glutamine, glutamic acid and histidine in leaves of white clover, and distinctly improved the activities of nitroreductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase, asparagine synthetase, and aspartate aminotransferase. In addition, the introduction of Rhizobium trifolii significantly promoted the colonization of Paraglomus occultum to roots of white clover, suggesting the partnership between the two. Therefore, it is concluded that combined inoculations of AMF and rhizobia promote N assimilation, generate more amino acids, and further promote the growth of white clover by activating the activities of N assimilation-related enzymes. It is further demonstrated that AMF and rhizobia have synergistic effects on promoting N assimilation of white clover.]]> 2023/7/30 11:54:57 1, LIU Ruicheng¹, JIANG Daoju², XIE Miaomiao¹, ZOU Yingning^1*]]> WU Huihui¹, LIU Ruicheng¹, JIANG Daoju², XIE Miaomiao¹, ZOU Yingning^1* 5true Kadsura coccinea is a perennial vine medicinal plant, and its growth, development, and authentic medicinal qualities are affected by growing habitat, rhizosphere soil, and endophytic fungi. In order to explore the composition and diversity of fungal community in K. coccinea under different habitats, as well as their correlation with soil environmental factors, the rhizosphere and root endophytic fungi of K. coccinea from three different habitats in Guizhou were studied based on Illumina high-throughput sequencing method. The results were as follows:(1)Under three habitats, the number of OTU detected in rhizosphere soil(3 867)was much more than that in root endophyte(801). The common OTU of rhizosphere soil was 72, which were annotated to 5 phyla and 49 genera, most of which were ascomycetes. At the genus level, the proportion of Mortierella, Exophiala, and Cylindrocarpon was relatively high. The common OTU of root endophytic fungi was 14, which were annotated to 2 phylums and 11 genera. Ascomycetes(13, accounting for 92.9%)were overwhelmingly dominant. At the genus level, Mortierella, Exophiala, Cylindrocarpon and Nectria were dominant genra. There were only 6 OTU in total, annotated to 2 phylums and 5 genera, and the ascomycetes phylum(5, accounting for 83.3%)were the dominant phylum. At the genus level, Exophiala(2, 33.3%)accounted for the highest proportion, and the rest were Mortierella, Cylindrocarpon and Nectria, respectively. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity and richness of fungal communities in rhizosphere soil were significantly higher than those in root endophytic fungi, while the diversity of fungi under wild habits was higher than that under cultivated habits.(2)At the phylum level, the main endophytic fungal groups under three habitats were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, accounting for 88.28% of the total flora. At the genus level, the community structures of endophytic fungi in rhizosphere and root were significantly different under different habitats. The endophytic fungi flora in the root had a certain preference under the cultivation habitat, while the evenness was higher under the wild habitat than that under cultivation habitat. The prediction functions of fungal community based on FUNGuild showed that pathotroph-saprotroph type in the root endophytic fungi was relatively high under the cultural habit, while the proportion of saprophytic type and symbiotroph type was relatively high under the wild habit.(3)Soil environmental factors had different effects on root endophytic fungi and rhizosphere fungi in K. coccinea. Total potassium(TK)and total phosphorus(TP)in soil were positively correlated with Shannon index and Simpson index of endophytic fungi in K. coccinea root; whereas, soil organic matter(SOM), total nitrogen(TN)and available nitrogen(AN)were positively correlated with Ace index and Chao1 index of rhizosphere soil fungi. In conclusion, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available nitrogen are the main soil environmental factors affecting the rhizosphere soil fungal community of the K. coccinea.]]> 2023/7/30 11:54:57 1, MA Nan², JIN Jifen³, PENG Zhijun¹, LI Xinzhong¹, WANG Dekai^2*]]> LIU Tao¹, MA Nan², JIN Jifen³, PENG Zhijun¹, LI Xinzhong¹, WANG Dekai^2* 4true Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada, endophytic fungi of B. polyphylla var. leioclada from Guiyang and Qianxi of Guizhou Province were isolated by tissue fragment separation. Based on the methods of molecular biology and statistics, the endophytic fungi were identificated and their diversity were analyzed. The strains with antibacterial activity were screened by microdilution of broth. The results were as follows:(1)There were 191 fungal strains were isolated, which classified into 3 phyla, 5 classes, 10 orders, 15 families and 19 genera. Among all strains, Phyllosticta, Diaporthe, Botryosphaeria and Colletotrichum were the dominant genus.(2)The fungal endophytes' Shannon-Weiner diversity index of Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada in Qianxi(H'_Q=2.112)was higher than Guiyang(H'_G=1.801), the Sorenson's similarity coefficient(Cs_G-Q)was 0.923. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index of different tissues was stem(H'_S =2.004)> root(H'_R=1.764)> leaf(H'_L=1.654)>fruit(H'_F=1.473). The similarity index between stem and leaf was the highest which was Cs_S-L =0.667.(3)21 endophytic fungi' secondary metabolites had inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica. The isolate Diaporthe sp. QX4G6 fermentation broth extract have relatively high inhibitory effect, which the minimum inhibitory concentration against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica were 12.5, 6.25 and 12.5 mg·mL^-1, and the minimum bactericidal concentration were 12.5, 6.25 and 12.5 mg·mL^-1, respectively. The study reveal rich endophytic fungi resources of Berchemia polyphylla var. leioclada and most of fungi have good antibacterial activity, which lay the foundation for the research and development of natural antibacterial drugs or drug sources for endophytic fungi from B. polyphylla var. leioclada.]]> 2023/7/30 11:54:58 1, ZHANG Tao¹, LIU Chang², TANG Yuanjiang¹, LU Yuxi¹, YANG Yueqian¹, YU Bo¹, SHI Kaizhi^1*]]> ZHOU Sixuan¹, ZHANG Tao¹, LIU Chang², TANG Yuanjiang¹, LU Yuxi¹, YANG Yueqian¹, YU Bo¹, SHI Kaizhi^1* 3true Pogostemon cablin in Guangdong Province, and it is a famous medicinal material. The bacterial wilt is the important disease that impacts the production and quality of P. cablin. Aiming to the control effects of metabolites of Alternaria sp. GHX-P17 strain that is belonging to an endophytic fungus isolated from the stems and leaves of P. cablin and the mechanism of disease resistance on bacterial wilt, a laboratory experiment had been conducted to investigate the incidence and severity of bacterial wilt in P. cablin at different time after artificial to inoculate the strain of Alternaria sp. GHX-P17 and to spray the crude extracts of the metabolites, and disease index(DI)was calculated. The activity changes of protective enzymes of phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL), peroxidase(POD)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)were determined in different time in P. cablin. The results were as follows:(1)The DI was significantly lower in the treatment groups with the crude extracts of Alternaria sp. GHX-P17 at different concentrations than that of control groups, and the DI decreased by 27.16% in the treatment groups at 204 h after inoculation. The variance analysis showed significant differences(P<0.05).(2)The severity of bacterial wilt was reduced with the extension of investigation time in P. cablin, and the severity levels increased slowly in treatment groups. The average severity was significantly lower than that of the control groups at 204 h, and the control effects reached 74.65%.(3)The activities of protective enzymes of PAL, POD and SOD increased observably after to inoculate spore suspension and to spray metabolites in P. cablin, but the activity peak time was different. PAL activities gradually increased after inoculation. POD first increased and then decreased, and then increased again, and there were two the activity peaks. SOD increased rapidly and then decreased gradually. Obviously, the metabolites of Alternaria sp. GHX-P17 can not only increase the activities of protective enzymes in P. cablin, and delay the infection process of Ralstonia solanacearum, but also decrease the severity levels of bacterial wilt. However, the research findings provide a reference for the study of active components of secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi and the development of biopesticides.]]> 2023/7/30 11:54:58 1, JIANG Haoming¹, CUI Yexuan², LIN Jinru¹, WANG Liguo^1*]]> CHENG Xiaoqing¹, JIANG Haoming¹, CUI Yexuan², LIN Jinru¹, WANG Liguo^1* 2true Diaporthe tectonigena, a predominant endophytic fungus in the ancient tea tree of Camellia taliensis, the rice solid-state fermentation extract was isolated and purified by silica gel, Diaion HP20 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies, and the chemical structures were elucidated by extensive HRMS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC and COSY spectroscopic analyses. The results were as follows:(1)Four compounds are isolated from the rice solid-state fermentation extract of Diaporthe tectonigena, including a new tetrahydro-β-carboline diketopiperazine alkaloid named tectonicgenazine A(1).(2)Three known compounds, trans-cyclo-(D-tryptophanyl-L-tyrosyl)(2), 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid-2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester(3)and N-hydroxyethyl-2-acetylpyrrole(4)were obtained and identified, and Compound 3 was isolated from nature for the first time.]]> 2023/7/30 11:54:58 1, CHEN Xiaoxue¹, ZHANG Yingjun², HUANG Yonglin³, ZHU Guolei¹, LI Na², ZHAO Ping^1*]]> CHENG Luyao¹, CHEN Xiaoxue¹, ZHANG Yingjun², HUANG Yonglin³, ZHU Guolei¹, LI Na², ZHAO Ping^1* 1true