Anemone altaica rhizosphere soils, Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the microbial composition and diversity in rhizosphere soils between wild and cultivated A. altaica. The results were as follows:(1)Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity of fungi in the rhizosphere soil of wild A. altaica was significantly higher than that of cultivated A. altaica(P<0.05), while the difference in bacterial diversity was not significant(P>0.05). The non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)analysis revealed that the fungal community structures of wild and cultivated A. altaica rhizosphere soils had more significant differences.(2)A total of 9 566 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)of bacteria belonged to 39 phyla, 127 classes, 315 orders, 500 families and 886 genera, and 2 670 OTUs of fungi belonged to 15 phyla, 57 classes, 138 orders, 293 families and 597 genera. The bacterial phylum Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and the fungal phylum Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota were the dominant phyla in the rhizosphere soil between wild and cultivated plants, but their relative abundance was different under different growth modes. At genus level, Candidatus_Udaeobacter, norank_f_Xanthobacteraceae and Rokubacteriales were the dominant rhizosphere soil bacteria of wild Anemone altaica. However, Candidatus_Udaeobacter, Vicinamibacter and Rokubacteriales were the dominant rhizosphere soil bacteria of cultivated Anemone altaica. The dominant rhizosphere fungi of wild A. altaica were Mortierella, Sebacina and Russula, while the dominant rhizosphere fungi of cultivated Anemone altaica were Sebacina, Mortierella and unclassified_f_Hyaloscyphaceae.(3)The redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that soil organic matter was the main factor affecting soil bacterial community(P < 0.05), and soil pH, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main factors affecting fungi communities(P < 0.05), while bacterial community structure were not significantly correlated with soil pH, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus(P > 0.05). In summary, this study reveales significant differences in the composition and diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities between wild and cultivated A. altaica, which may be closely related to the physicochemical properties of soils under different growing conditions. The results of this study have certain significance for scientific planting and soil improvement of A. altaica.]]> 2023/9/1 16:46:31 1,4, ZHANG Huiping², SU Xiao², FU Qianjin³, LI Xuebang³, LIU Fengqin^2,4, SHAO Yizhen^2,4, CHEN Yun^2,4, YUAN Zhiliang^2,4*]]> WANG Jing^1,4, ZHANG Huiping², SU Xiao², FU Qianjin³, LI Xuebang³, LIU Fengqin^2,4, SHAO Yizhen^2,4, CHEN Yun^2,4, YUAN Zhiliang^2,4* 1true