Phlegmariurus contain the chemical compound Huperzine A, the effective medicinal component treating Alzheimer's disease, thus with huge economic value. To protect the natural resources, plants of the whole genus are listed as the National Key Protected Wild plants in China. In this paper, we revised the taxonomy of Phlegmariurus distributed in China based on morphological, ecological, and geographical evidence. We recognized 21 species from China, and organized them into four sections. Sect. Fargesiani X. C. Zhang & R. H. Jiang is newly established, and the other three sections were revised based on previous studies, i.e., Sect. Hamiltoniani C. Y. Yang, emend. X. C. Zhang & R. H. Jiang; Sect. Phlegmariurus; and Sect. Squarrosurus(Herter)X. C. Zhang & R. H. Jiang, comb. & stat. nov. We reduced the following taxon names to synonymies of various species of Phlegmariurus: Huperzia medogensis, Phlegmariurus austrosinicus, P. changii, P. nylamensis, P. cancellatus var. minor, P. qiongzhongensis, and P. shangsiensis.]]> 2023/11/12 10:40:02 1,2, XIANG Ruichen², ZHANG Xianchun^2*]]> JIANG Rihong^1,2, XIANG Ruichen², ZHANG Xianchun^2* 55true Sarcographa belongs to Graphidaceae, Ostropales, Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi. It is characterized by radial apothecia, strongly branched and immersed in stromata, 8-spored asci, transversely septate or submuriform ascospores, and tropical and subtropical distribution. Based on the methods of morphology, anatomy, chemistry and molecular biology, nine species of Sarcographa in China are reported. The new combination Sarcographa flavescens (Dal-Forno & Eliasaro)L. W. Chen & Z. F. Jia, comb. nov. is proposed for Phaeographis flavescens Dal-Forno & Eliasaro, and Sarcographa labyrinthica (Ach.)Müll. Arg. is a new record to Chinesee mainland. Sarcographina heterospora (Nyl.)Z. F. Jia & Lücking, a species of allies genus Sarcographina is described, and a brief description to each known species and discussions with their similar species are given. A key to the known species of Sarcographa(incl. Sarcographina)in China is also shown. The study provides basic information for the biodiversity of lichenized fungi in China.]]> 2023/11/12 10:40:02 *]]> CHEN Lewen, JIA Zefeng^* 54true Microlepia is a natural fern group, while large morphological differences of this genus lead to some classification controversies. The leaf epidermal micromorphology of 18 species( include 3 varieties )of Microlepia was observed and compared under light microscope( LM )and scanning electron microscope( SEM ). Hairs were on the veins of the upper and lower epidermis. The form of epidermal cells was irregular, with the anticlinal walls sinuous or sinuate. The stomatal apparatus of all species were restricted to abaxial epidermises and generally could be described as polocytic and axillocytic type, and copolocytic, coaxillocytic, aisocytic and anomotetracytic type only appears in a few species. The similarity of the micromorphological characteristics of leaf epidermis support that the genus Microlepia is a monophyletic group in Dentaedtiaceae. The hairs characteristics between veins of the leaves support that M. calvescens, M. marginata var. villosa and M. marginata var. bipinnata should be treated as a variety of M. marginata. Under SEM, the cuticle of the upper epidermis was mostly ridged, and most of them had filiform ornamentation. The characteristics of leaf cuticle ornamentation were correlated with pinnate compound leaves. The inner margin of the outer stomatal rim was often smooth, sinuous or odontoid. “T” sharp, upright outer stomatal rims occurred in most species, and outer stomatal ledge was mostly depressed. The differences among the leaf micromorphology of these species were shown, which provides references for the classification, evolution and system location of Microlepia.]]> 2023/11/12 10:40:02 *, LIU Ling]]> WANG Renxiang^*, LIU Ling 53true Bontia, Calamphoreus, Diocirea, Eremophila, Glycocystis, Leucophyllum, Scrophularia and Verbascum)comprised primarily of former members of Scrophulariaceae s.l., Buddleja which was originally placed in Loganiaceae, and Myoporum, traditionally placed in the Myoporaceae had been demonstrated to belong to this clade.(3)The Lamiales was monophyletic. Fourteen well-supported monophyletic clades were obtained corresponding to each family(Wightiaceae and Pedaliaceae for which only one species had been contained were not included). The relationships among the families were well resolved. Oleaceae formed a well-supported clade that was distinct from core Lamiales. Within the core Lamiales, four clades(Gesneriaceae, Plantaginaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Linderniaceae)diverged before the remaining families grouping in two sister clades. Within one clade, two moderately to highly supported subclades were recovered. Lentibulariaceae was resolved as sister group to Acanthaceae, and Pedaliaceae was sister to Verbenaceae + Bignoniaceae. The other clade contained six families, with Lamiaceae, Mazaceae, Wightiaceae + Phrymaceae, and Paulowniaceae successively sister to Orobanchaceae. The results of our analyses indicate that the traditional Scrophulariaceae are an unnatural assemblage of plants distributed throughout the phylogenentic tree of Lamiales. Phylogenomics analyses based on plastid organelle have shown good potential for phylogenetic inference in Scrophulariaceae, more taxonomic sampling are needed to enhance our understanding of phylogenetic relationships of Scrophulariaceae in future studies.]]> 2023/11/12 10:40:02 1, SONG Weiwu^2*, MA Feilong³, GAO Wenjing¹, ZHAO Yan¹]]> WANG Xueqin¹, SONG Weiwu^2*, MA Feilong³, GAO Wenjing¹, ZHAO Yan¹ 52true Rhododendron subg. Tsutsusi, micromorphological characters of leaf epidermis were examined for 37 species in Rhododendron subg. Tsutsusi using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), among which the relevant features of 29 species are reported for the first time. The results are as follows:(1)The stomatal apparatus are anomocytic and all on abaxial surface.(2)According to the micromorphological features of glands, trichome types and stomatal apparatus of leaf epidermis, subg. Tsutsusi can be divided into five types, i.e., R. simsii-type, R. mariae-type, R. indicum-type, R. saxatile-type and R. farrerae-type.(3)The plants in R. simsii-type have the similar morphological features, have no or discontinuous ringed striates around stomatal apparatus.(4)The plants in R. mariae-type do not have distinct T-pieces at the polar regions of guard cells but have multilayer ringed striates.(5)It is implied that the plants in R. indicum-type have the close affinity with subg. Therorhodion in having distinct T-pieces at the polar regions of guard cells.(6)R. saxatile-type differs from other types in its simple trichomes being virgate but without glands.(7)The leaf epidermis of R. farrerae-type has glands only.(8)The relationships between the closely related species are also discussed on the basis of leaf epidermal micromorphological features. For example, R. hypoblematosum and R. polyraphidoideum tend to be treated as separate species. Support the preservation of R. naamkwanense var. cryptonerve as a variety of R. naamkwanense, and do not support the R. adenanthum into R. tenue as a synonym. The results of this study show that micromorphological features of leaf epidermis are of significant value for species delimitation in subg. Tsutsusi.]]> 2023/11/12 10:40:03 1,2, CHEN Zhizhao³, CHEN Zhao³, ZHENG Yongli⁴, CHEN Xin^1,2, DENG Yunfei^5*]]> JIANG Tianyi^1,2, CHEN Zhizhao³, CHEN Zhao³, ZHENG Yongli⁴, CHEN Xin^1,2, DENG Yunfei^5* 51true Salvia is the largest genus of the Lamiaceae. Several species of Salvia are used as traditional Chinese medicine, as well as ornamental species. To explore the evolution pattern of species in Hengduan Mountains at the cytological level and to discuss the taxonomic relationship between morphological taxonomy and molecular systematics, based on extensive collection of chromosome literature, the karyotypes of six species(eight populations)of Salvia collected from Hengduan Mountains were analyzed by using conventional plant pressing method, and the chloroplast phylogenetic trees of Salvia distributed in China were constructed. The statistical results were as follows:(1)About 23% of the chromosome data of Salvia was reported all over the world, in which the chromosome reporting rate of Salvia in China was 32.10%. The reporting rate of Salvia in Hengduan Mountains was 40.54%.(2)The chromosome basic number of Salvia were mainly x=8 and x=11, and the chromosome cardinal numbers of Salvia plants distributed in China were x=8. The experimental results were as follows:(1)The karyotype data of S. wardii was reported for the first time.(2)The diploid population of S. evansiana was found for the first time in Deqen, Yunnan. The chromosome evolutionary association analysis was carried out by combining cytological data with chloroplast evolution tree, and it was demonstrated that polyploidy might not be the main mechanism of Salvia adapting to high altitude environment. It showed that polyploid was not the main evolutionary pathway of Salvia plants species formation, but mainly at the level of diploid. So we speculated that the doubling of genome might be one of the reasons for the inconsistency between species morphology taxology and molecular phylogeny taxology. This study enriches the chromosome karyotype data of Salvia in Hengduan Mountains, discusses the evolutionary relationship of chromosome characteristics combined with regional molecular phylogenetic tree, has made exploration for further study of the karyotype evolution of Salvia species in the future, and complements the basic data for the deduction and analysis of the chromosome cardinal number of ancestral species.]]> 2023/11/12 10:40:03 1, JIN Hongyan², HUANG Yuanru¹, LI Zhimin^1,3, SUN Wenguang^1,2,3*]]> LI Wensheng¹, JIN Hongyan², HUANG Yuanru¹, LI Zhimin^1,3, SUN Wenguang^1,2,3* 50true Scirpus mariqueter is a species with important ecological effects in the Yangtze River estuary and Hangzhou Bay, China. It is considered as a hybrid of S. planiculmis and S. triqueter, and it is difficult to accurately determine ploidy due to its small chromosomes. However, in recent years, some researchers, based on molecular markers, have raised doubts about the classification and nomenclature of S. mariqueter. Therefore, more experimental evidence on the taxonomic attributes, genomic characteristics and possible ploidy variation of S. mariqueter and its related species is needed. In this study, the genomic characteristics of S. mariqueter sample CJ1 were determined by genome survey analysis with a sequencing depth of approximately 120 ×. The DNA C-value and relative ploidy of 13 samples of S. mariqueter and its sympatric, related species(S. triqueter and S. planiculmis)were estimated by flow cytometry with Vigna radiata as a reference. The results were as follows:(1)Genome Survey analysis showed that the genome size of CJ1 was 244.12 Mbp, with a 0.68% heterozygosity rate, 42.38% sequence repeat, and 37.25% GC content.(2)The flow cytometry results showed that the ploidy of S. mariqueter samples from different regions was the same, with 1C values ranging from 234.87 Mbp to 242.5 Mbp, and the genome size of CJ1 was highly consistent with the genome Survey results.(3)The 1C value of S. planiculmis was between 251.77 Mbp and 264.13 Mbp, and the 1C value of S. triqueter was 537.33 Mbp. Because the genome size of hybrids is usually between or larger than those of their parents, it is unlikely that S. mariqueter is a hybrid of the two species based on the abovementioned genome size. This study provides genomic characteristics of S. mariqueter and its related species and lays a foundation for its whole-genome sequencing. At the same time, it also rejects the hypothesis that S. mariqueter originated from hybridization between S. planiculmis and S. triqueter.]]> 2023/11/12 10:40:03 1,2, LUO Ling^1,2, WANG Ruoqiu^1,2, GAO Shaoyu^1,2, ZHANG Wenju^1,2*]]> DENG Haoke^1,2, LUO Ling^1,2, WANG Ruoqiu^1,2, GAO Shaoyu^1,2, ZHANG Wenju^1,2* 49true Syzygium grijsii, an evergreen shrub of Myrtaceae and Syzygium, has good prospects for exploitation, but its chloroplast genome characteristics and phylogenetic relationships have not been reported. To fill the gap in the genomics of S. grijsii, a systematic study of the chloroplast genome of S. grijsii was conducted in this paper. Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to perform complete assembly in the GetOrganelle platform, and the assembled data were also used to analyze the structural features and phylogenetic relationships of the S. grijsii chloroplast genome, including the structure, function and characteristics of the S. grijsii chloroplast genome, codon preference analysis, comparative analysis of the chloroplast genome and phylogenetic analyses. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genome of S. grijsii was 158 591 bp in size, which contained 129 genes. Among them, 8 were rRNA genes, 37 were tRNA genes and 84 were protein-coding genes. The analysis detected 39 repetitive sequences and 84 SSR loci.(2)Codon preference analysis revealed that there was a bias towards A/U at the ends of the S. grijsii chloroplast genome, and the most used codon was the one encoding leucine.(3)In comparison with closely related species, the boundary length of S. grijsii was conserved, and the gene species at the boundary were similar to several Syzygium species; the S. grijsii chloroplast genome had a high degree of variability in the LSC and SSC regions, with 45 sites of 0.010 < P_i < 0.015 and a high level of nucleotide diversity.(4)Phylogenetic analysis showed that S. grijsii was most closely related to S. jambos, S. forrestii and S. cumini, followed by S. malaccense. The study concluded that S. grijsii had a conserved chloroplast genome structure with distinct features, sequence similarity and nucleotide diversity compared to Syzygium species, and affinity between it and various Myrtaceae species. In this paper, the genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast genome of S. grijsii are conducted to lay the theoretical foundation for the identification and exploitation of the germplasm resources of S. grijsii.]]> 2023/11/12 10:40:03 1, YANG Xiuyao¹, YIN Tuo², HAN Peichen², DU Chaojin², ZHANG Hanyao^1*]]> ZHANG Mengjie¹, YANG Xiuyao¹, YIN Tuo², HAN Peichen², DU Chaojin², ZHANG Hanyao^1* 48true AvAP2/ERF genes in Aquilegia vulgaris to salt stress, based on the transcriptome data obtained under salt stress in previous experiments, the AP2/ERF gene family in A. vulgaris were screened by bioinformatic methods, and their physical and chemical properties, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relations and expression changes of these genes in leaves and roots under salt stress were analyzed, etc. The expression of candidate genes was verified by qRT-PCR. The results were as follows:(1)86 AvAP2/ERF genes were identified which encoded 132-722 amino acids, with molecular weight of 14 763.30-79 069.47 Da and isoelectric point ranged from 4.49 to 9.68. Most of them were slightly acidic proteins and all of them were hydrophilic. Most of AvAP2/ERF were localized in nucleus.(2)The similarity of secondary structure was high, which was proportionally composed of random coil and α-helix. The members all contained AP2 domains, and two conserved motifs were predicted.(3)Under different stages of salt treatment, there were 71 AvAP2/ERF genes responded to salt stress. There were 18 and 19 differentially expressed genes in leaves and roots, respectively. There were 86 AP2/ERF genes of A. vulgaris were divided into five subfamilies clustering with A. thaliana; the AP2/ERF genes of A. vulgaris and Arabidopsis thaliana were clustered into five subfamilies and 15 subgroups. Through expression analysis and homology relationship, AvAP2/ERF-56, AvAP2/ERF-61 and AvAP2/ERF-80 of them might be involved in salt resistance, and the qRT-PCR results were consistent with sequencing expression trends. The results of this study provides a reliable reference for further research on the function and stress response mechanism of AP2/ERF gene in Aquilegia vulgaris.]]> 2023/11/12 10:40:03 *]]> WANG Yufeng, MENG Yuan, YU Haihang, CUI Dingyuan, BAI Yun^* 47true Apocynum plant, this study is conducted to screen and bioinformatically analyze the UV-B photoreceptors UVR8 by the whole genome data of Apocynum venetum and A. cannabinum, and also to analyze the UVR8 gene expression pattern under UV-B stress treatment using transcriptome data. The results were as follows:(1)There were six UVR8 genes in A. venetum, and five UVR8 genes in A. cannabinum. The former was distributed on chromosomes 1, 7, 9 and 11, and the latter on chromosomes 1, 8 and 9.(2)UVR8 proteins were all hydrophilic stable proteins, localized in the nucleus, without transmembrane structure or signal peptides. The secondary structure consists mainly of extended strand, random coil, alpha helix and beta turn. The tertiary structures of AvUVR8b and AcUVR8a were most similar to that of Arabidopsis thaliana and were most closely related to Coffea arabica(CaUVR8)and C. eugenioides (CeUVR8). The gene and protein structures of Apocynum venetum AvUVR8b and A. cannabinum AcUVR8a were highly similar to those of AtUVR8.(3)The expression levels of AvUVR8b and AcUVR8a were up-regulated when the two Apocynum plants were treated with a certain dose of UV-B(17.52 kJ·m^-2·d^-1). It is speculated that in response to UV-B, the AvUVR8b in A. venetum and the AcUVR8a in A. cannabinum play a major role, respectively.(4)The analysis of cis-acting elements showed that the expression of UVR8 was regulated by light, temperature, moisture, oxygen and hormones. This study will lay a foundation for further research on the gene function of UVR8 in Apocynum, and provide clues to analyze the molecular mechanism of UV-B adaptation in the Apocynum.]]> 2023/11/12 10:40:03 1,2,3, ZHANG Qing^1,2,3, LI Guoqi^1,2,3*, XIE Boxun^1,2,3, XIE Sheng^1,2,3, ZHAO Changhai^1,2,3, ZHANG Keyu^1,2,3, LIU Xing^1,2,3]]> CHE Jinfeng^1,2,3, ZHANG Qing^1,2,3, LI Guoqi^1,2,3*, XIE Boxun^1,2,3, XIE Sheng^1,2,3, ZHAO Changhai^1,2,3, ZHANG Keyu^1,2,3, LIU Xing^1,2,3 46true trnK-UUU-trnQ-UUG, trnY-GUA-trnE-UUC, trnC-GCA-trnT-GGU, ycf4-cemA, ycf1 and ndhF, etc.(3)Phylogenetic analysis based on the two datasets showed that JS-1-4, QJ-1-2, LX-1-3, LJ-3-2 were closely related to Aconitum vilmorinianum and LQ-1-3, GJ-1-3, NL-1-3, DC-2-2 were closely related to A. austroyunnanense. In the phylogenetic tree, which was constructed based on the complete chloroplast genomes, LJ-4-3 was closely related to A. delavayi and LJ-1-2 was closely related to A. duclouxii; while in the phylogenetic tree which was constructed based on the protein coding gene sequences(PCGs), LJ-4-3 was closely related to A. episcopale and LJ-1-2 was closely related to A. contortum. In summary, the hybrid origins of cultivation of Radix Aconitum Vilmoriniani include at least the two original plants: A. vilmorinianum and A. austroyunnanense, and other species of Aconitum even existed in individual cultivation bases. The mixed origins of cultivation may be one of the influencing factors on instability of the quality of Radix Aconitum Vilmoriniani.]]> 2023/11/12 10:40:03 1, CHENG Zidan¹, ZHANG Yingmin², LI Guodong^1,3, MA Xiaoxia^1*]]> SHI Xiaojing¹, CHENG Zidan¹, ZHANG Yingmin², LI Guodong^1,3, MA Xiaoxia^1* 45true Rhododendron capitatum and R. przewalskii are ornamental flowers and medicinal plants. The chloroplast genomes of R. capitatum and R. przewalskii have been sequenced using Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform to explore the genetic structure and evolution features. After assembly and annotation, comparative genomic analysis and phylogenetic analysis of the chloroplast genomes of R. capitatum and R. przewalskii were analyzed and compared with those of other Rhododendron species. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genomes of R. capitatum and R. przewalskii exhibited a typical quadripartite structure, including a large single copy region(105 990, 109 191 bp), a small single copy region(2 617, 2 606 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions(45 825, 47 516 bp). And the two Rhododendron species chloroplast genomes were 200 257 bp and 206 829 bp in length, respectively.(2)In addition, the 263 SSRs were detected in the chloroplast genomes of R. capitatum and R. przewalskii, most of which had A/T base preference; the codons preferred ending in A/U.(3)The chloroplast genomes of Rhododendron species exhibit structural variation such as gene loss and genomic rearrangement. The study enriches the genomic resources of Rhododendron species and provides the theoretical reference for resource exploitation, genetic evolution, breeding, and phylogeny of R. capitatum and R. przewalskii.]]> 2023/11/12 10:40:03 1, ZHANG Yingmin², ZHAO Guofu¹, CHEN Wenjuan¹, LI Guodong^3,4*]]> JIA Shouning¹, ZHANG Yingmin², ZHAO Guofu¹, CHEN Wenjuan¹, LI Guodong^3,4* 44true Cinnamomum bodinieri is important landscaping and economic tree species, which is rich in essential oils in branches and leaves. However, there are few theoretical researches on the genomics of C. bodinieri. In order to reveal the chloroplast genomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationship of C. bodinieri, the complete chloroplast genome was sequenced based on Illumina platform and assembled through de novo. The genome structure, gene composition, sequence repeats, codon usage bias and phylogeny were analyzed subsequently. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree was constructed with the chloroplast genome data of the main species of Subfam. Lauroideae. The results were as follows:(1)The complete chloroplast genome of C. bodinieri was 152 727 bp in length including two inverted repeats(IRs)of 20 132 bp, which were separated by large single copy(LSC)of 93 605 bp and short single copy(SSC)of 18 858 bp, respectively, and the GC content was 39.13%.(2)The genome encoded 127 functional genes, including 83 protein-coding genes(PCGs), 36 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. A total of 92 SSR loci were detected in the chloroplast genome, and most of them were composed of nucleobase A and T. The codon adaptation index(CAI)and effective number of codons(ENc)were 0.166 and 54.68, respectively. There were some differences in IR region and the boundary of two SC regions of the chloroplast genomes between C. bodinieri and related species.(3)Phylogenetic tree based on 24 species of Subfam. Lauroideae showed that the C. bodinieri was most closely related to C. camphora. The phylogeny strongly supported the establishment of the three clades, Cinnamomum-Ocotea, Laurus-Neolitsea, and Machilus-Persea. This study enriched the information on the genetic resources of C. bodinieri, and further clarified the phylogenetic status of the main genera of Subfam. Lauroideae.]]> 2023/11/12 10:40:03 1,2, LIANG Daqu^1,2, XIE Shuangqin^1,2, WANG Haoyun^1,2, WU Feng^1,2*]]> ZHAO Yuanxiang^1,2, LIANG Daqu^1,2, XIE Shuangqin^1,2, WANG Haoyun^1,2, WU Feng^1,2* 43true Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, samples from 20 different sources were taken as the research objects, and the phenotypic traits of vegetative organs and floral organs were observed under the condition of homogenous garden cultivation. At the same time, the methods of ANOVA, variance analysis, Shannon-Wiener diversity index analysis, and cluster analysis were used in order to discuss the diversity of various phenotypic traits among different provenances. The results were as follows:(1)The averages of phenotypic traits of R. tomentosa from different provenances were significantly different(P<0.05), and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index of various source phenotypic traits was above 1.35, indicating rich phenotypic traits diversity.(2)The mean coefficient of variation of phenotypic traits within provenances ranged from 10.81% to 63.75%, while those among provenances ranged from 13.08% to 74.04%. Meanwhile, the variation among provenances(23.33%)was higher than that within provenances(19.79%), and the variation of vegetative organs(29.52%)was higher than that of floral organs(14.06%).(3)Correlation analysis showed that there were extremely significant or significant correlations among some phenotypic traits,in which the plant height of R. tomentosa had extremely significant negative correlations with the branch number and had significantly positive correlations with leaf length, leaf width as well as leaf area.(4)At 10 Euclidean distances, the 20 provenances of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa could be divided into three classes: A, B and C, and Class A contained eight provenances, which were characterized by tall plants, few branches, large leaves and large flowers; Class B contained 11 provenances, which were characterized by medium plant height, large leaves and middle flowers; Class C contained only one provenance, which was characterized by lower plant height, more branches, small leaves and flowers compared with the other two classes. The results of this study can provide theoretical basis and materials for selecting and breeding of new R. tomentosa varieties and the study of their target traits.]]> 2023/11/12 10:40:03 1, MA Zhengbing^2*, YU Xiaoli¹, HE Yi¹]]> LIU Shu¹, MA Zhengbing^2*, YU Xiaoli¹, HE Yi¹ 42true Rhodiola tangutica, which is an important medicinal plant growing in Northwest China, this study sequenced its complete chloroplast genome using Illumina NovaSeq6000, and analyzed the genome structure, gene function and genetic relationship of the chloroplast genome using multiple bioinformatics analysis softwares such as GeSeq, PGA, NOVOPlasty, IRscope and MISA. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genome of R. tangutica had a quadripartite circular structure of 150 863 bp in length, including LSC(82 121 bp), SSC(16 996 bp)and IR(25 873 bp). Total GC content was 37.8%, and which of the IR regions was the highest(42.9%). The genome encoded 131 genes in total, including 85 PCGs, 38 tRNAs and 8 rRNAs.(2)Among the 32 471 codons, cysteine(Cys)had the smallest percentage(1.18%), while isoleucine(Ile)had the highest percentage(8.24%). There were 29 codons with the value of RSCU above 1.(3)The analysis of IR regions showed that both rps19 and ndhF were expanded into the IRB region.(4)Phylogenetic analysis indicated that R. tangutica and R. quadrifida had the closest relationship. Estimates of divergence times indicated that the origin of Rhodiola species was estimated to be around 15.50 Mya(95% HPD: 6.0-21.0 Mya). In this study, we clarified the chloroplast genome characteristics of R. tangutica and obtained a reasonable phylogenetic relationship of Rhodiola. This provides a theoretical basis for the study of genetic diversity, the discussion of adaptive evolutionary mechanism and the protection of germplasm resources of Rhodiola.]]> 2025/6/1 10:22:17 1, CAI Rangzhaxi¹, MAO Xuanrui¹, LIU Yuping^1,2,3, SU Xu^1,2,3*, HU Xiayu¹, YANG Ping¹, LI Xiaoli¹, SUN Chenglin¹, JIN Jiarui¹]]> QU Rongju¹, CAI Rangzhaxi¹, MAO Xuanrui¹, LIU Yuping^1,2,3, SU Xu^1,2,3*, HU Xiayu¹, YANG Ping¹, LI Xiaoli¹, SUN Chenglin¹, JIN Jiarui¹ 41true Aleuritopteris argentea (S. G. Gmelin)Fée, A. subargentea Ching, and A. michelii(Christ)Ching belong to the genus Aleuritopteris of Pteridaceae subfam. Cheilanthoideae. Their phylogenetic relationship has long been in controversy due to morphological similarities, resulting in different classification treatment. To solve the confusion in the classification, the phylogenetic relationships between the three species based on molecular and morphological analyses were investigated. The results were as follows:(1)Based on chloroplast genome and ribosomal DNA, A. argentea and A. subargentea were two distinct species; samples of A. michelii were not clustered into a monophyletic lineage, and individuals were embedded in a monophyletic lineage formed by samples of A. subargentea.(2)Statistical analysis of the morphological data showed that A. argentea and A. subargentea differed significantly in morphological traits; A. michelii and A. subargentea did not differ significantly in morphological traits. In summary, combined with the results of molecular systematics and morphology, this study supports that A. subargentea should be recognized as a distinct species and A. michelii should be treated as a synonymy of A. subargentea.]]> 2025/6/1 10:22:17 1, YANG Wenli², YIN Yue¹, ZHANG Gangmin^1*]]> HU Hongyu¹, YANG Wenli², YIN Yue¹, ZHANG Gangmin^1* 40true Aleuritopteris argentea (S. G. Gmelin)Fée, A. subargentea Ching, and A. michelii(Christ)Ching belong to the genus Aleuritopteris of Pteridaceae subfam. Cheilanthoideae. Their phylogenetic relationship has long been in controversy due to morphological similarities, resulting in different classification treatment. To solve the confusion in the classification, the phylogenetic relationships between the three species based on molecular and morphological analyses were investigated. The results were as follows:(1)Based on chloroplast genome and ribosomal DNA, A. argentea and A. subargentea were two distinct species; samples of A. michelii were not clustered into a monophyletic lineage, and individuals were embedded in a monophyletic lineage formed by samples of A. subargentea.(2)Statistical analysis of the morphological data showed that A. argentea and A. subargentea differed significantly in morphological traits; A. michelii and A. subargentea did not differ significantly in morphological traits. In summary, combined with the results of molecular systematics and morphology, this study supports that A. subargentea should be recognized as a distinct species and A. michelii should be treated as a synonymy of A. subargentea.]]> 2025/6/1 10:22:17 1, YANG Wenli², YIN Yue¹, ZHANG Gangmin^1*]]> HU Hongyu¹, YANG Wenli², YIN Yue¹, ZHANG Gangmin^1* 39true Uraria Desv. and its related genera(Christia Moench and Urariopsis Schindl.)have long been controversial. To explore the patterns of morphological variation and provide morphological data for the taxonomy of these genera, mean analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis of 24 morphological traits based on 296 specimens from 43 populations(3 genera and 15 species)were conducted. The results were as follows:(1)The intergeneric boundary between Uraria and Christia (except Christia campanulata)was clear, and length of leaf, length and width of terminal leaflet, and whether the calyx enlarged after flowering period were valuable taxonomic traits between genera, while the boundary with Urariopsis was not clear.(2)Within Uraria, length of leaf, length of lateral leaflet and length of standard, types of inflorescence and hairs on rachis could be used as the key taxonomic traits; within Christia, length of leaf, length of stipule, length of terminal leaflet and length of lateral leaflet were of great taxonomic value; within Urariopsis, length of inflorescence was of great taxonomic trait.(3)At an Euclidean distance of 16.5, the 15 species were clustered into four clades, of which Uraria picta and U. crinita were clustered as two monophyletic clades, respectively. The genus Christia(except C. campanulata)was clustered into an monophyletic clade, and the other nine species of Uraria, Urariopsis, and Christia campanulata of the genus Christia were clustered into one clade. For taxa that were taxonomically controversial, our results supported that C. campanulata and Urariopsis should be attributed to the genus Uraria. The present study can provide a basis for the taxonomy and evolution of Uraria and its related genera.]]> 2025/6/1 10:22:17 *]]> HE Aoxiang, DUAN Weiwei, ZHAO Xueli^* 38true Annona Xatemoya(Annonaceae)is an important tropical economic fruit. Carpel fusion is an important stage in its fruit development process. In order to study the ontogeny of the carpel fusion of Annona Xatemoya, the present study observed its young fruits by paraffin sections and light microscopy. The results were as follows:(1)The carpel fusion of young fruit happened about one month after pollination. Carpels at the top of the receptacle fused earlier than carpels at the bottom. The adjacent carpels firstly fused near the base of carpels, gradually extended towards the style, and end at the stigma.(2)During the carpel fusion process, the fusion was caused by the dedifferentiation of carpel epidermal cells into parenchymatous cells or four layers of closely arranged special parenchymatous cells. The former happened at the style end and result in a total fusion while the latter happened at the ovary end and left a boundary marks at the original epidermal site, which is a new type and incomplete postgenital carpel fusion. These findings enrich the types of carpel fusion as well as our understanding of the early developmental characteristics of Annona &#215; atemoya, and provide a reference for revealing the process and characteristics of carpel fusion in genus Annona.]]> 2025/6/1 0:00:00 1, PING Jingyao², SONG Songquan³, CAO Yang^1*]]> GAN Yangying¹, PING Jingyao², SONG Songquan³, CAO Yang^1* 37true Sycopsis triplinervia is an evergreen shrub in the genus Sycopsis (Hamamelidaceae). The phylogenetic position of Sycopsis has been a subject of debate, and its evolutionary relationships with closely related genera such as Distyliopsis and Distylium remain unclear. Here we sequenced and assembled its chloroplast genome and conducted comparative genomic and phylogenomic analyses together with publicly available Hamamelidaceae chloroplast genomes. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genome of S. triplinervia was 159 375 bp in length and encoded 133 genes, including 8 rRNA genes, 37 tRNA genes, 87 protein-coding genes and 1 pseudogene.(2)A total of 33 interpersed repeats, 39 tandem repeats and 82 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)were identified.(3)Codon usage was biased toward A/U endings. Nine optimal codons were detected, and natural selection was determined to be the main driver of codon usage bias.(4)Overall, the chloroplast genome of S. triplinervia was highly conserved relative to its close relatives. Fifteen highly variable regions were identified as potential markers for molecular identification in Sycopsis.(5)Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Hamamelidaceae was monophyletic, and Hamamelis, Parrotiopsis, Sycopsis, Distyliopsis, Parrotia, and Distylium formed a strongly supported monophyletic clade. Within this clade, several genera were closely related to each other, and S. triplinervia was sister to the remaining taxa. However, Sycopsis, Parrotia, Distyliopsis, and Distylium were each non-monophyletic. This study provides fundamental data and a valuable reference for further phylogenetic research on Hamamelidaceae.]]> 2025/6/1 10:22:17 *]]> XIONG Shuang, ZHOU Fuqin, WANG Shidong, LI Rui, WANG Shubao, HUANG Yuan ^* 36true Deutzia. The pollen morphological characteristics including pollen shape and size, exine ornamentation and colpus of six species, one variety and six cultivars in Deutzia(following abbreviated as 13 Deutzia plants)were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM), and principal component analysis(PCA)and cluster analysis were conducted on the quantitive characteristric of pollen. The results were as follows:(1)The pollen of 13 Deutzia plants was highly conserved. The observed pollen of 13 Deutzia plants were prolate or perprolate, with medium-sized and small pollen accounting for 23.08% and 76.92%, respectively. The polar view of the pollen was tricoplate with a circular amb, and equatorial view was oblong or oval. The pollen exine ornamentation of 13 Deutzia plants was all rough reticulate type. The pollen size such as polar and equatorial axis length, colpus length and lumina characteristics varied significantly among species and cultivars. D. parviflora was the only species with irregularly lumina and protuberant mesh. A large number of wrinkles and irregular deformities were observed in 6 cultivars, which could be due to incomplete development of pollen.(2)Three principal component factors were selected by PCA, including pollen size, mesh ridge width and ditch width. When the Euclidean mean distance was 15, 13 Deutzia plants could be divided into four types. Among six species and one variety, D. discolor, D. ningpoensis, D. parviflora and D. grandiflora were closely related; D. calycosa var. calycosa and D. calycosa var. xerophyta were closely related. In contrast, D. crassidentata was distantly related to the first six species. Among six cultivars, D. gracilis ‘Nikko', Deutzia &#215; magnifica ‘Toubillon' and Deutzia &#215; hybrida ‘Strawberry Fields' were closely related. Deutzia &#215; rosea ‘Yuki Snowflake', Deutzia &#215; rosea ‘Yuki Cherry Blossom' and Deutzia &#215; rosea ‘Campanulata' were closely related. Cluster analysis results support the view that sect. Mesodeutzia and sect. Deutzia should be separated.(3)Deutzia was presumed to be a relatively late-diverging group in Hydrangeaceae. This is the first report of pollen characteristics of four species, one variety and six cultivars except for D. ningpoensis and D. discolor, and the results of this study provide important evidence to the classification and phylogenetic relationship analysis of Deutzia.]]> 2025/6/1 10:22:17 *]]> GU Yanan, HU Xiaoyu, LI Aimin, YANG Yujie, JIANG Pinghong, WEN Shusheng^* 35true Iris L.(Iridaceae), the pollen grains from 31 taxa across three subgenera of Iris were used as materials. The materials were prepared using critical point drying method, followed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM)observation and systematic cluster analysis of pollen morphology. The results were as follows:(1)All the pollen grains of the 31 taxa were monad and heteropolar, oblate, suboblate or spheroidal in shape, with medium or large size. The sulcus membrane was smooth or ornamented. The pollen grains were semitectate or atectate, with different types of heterobrochate(rarely gemmate-clavate)exine ornamentation.(2)The pollen grains of Iris tigridia were inaperturate, while those of the remaining taxa were sulcate. Zonasulcate pollen grains were found in I. bungei, I. kobayashii and I. ventricosa. For the first time the disulcate pollen grains were found in I. hookeri in genus Iris.(3)Cluster analysis showed that at a squared Euclidean distance of 10, 31 taxa could be clustered into seven types, i.e., Sibirica type, Germanica type, Pumila type, Ruthenica type, Laevigata type, Spuria type and Tigridia type. The taxa studied cluster basically in accordance with the subgenera, sections and series of the morphotaxonomy. Of the seven types, the Germanica type had the largest pollen grains and a heterobrochate reticulate exine with the largest lumina, while the Ruthenica type had the smallest pollen grains and a microreticulate or nanoreticulate exine. The Pumila type was characterized by atectate pollen grains with a gemmate-clavate exine ornamentation and the Spuria type was characterized by suboblate shape pollen grains with an ornamented sulcus membrane.(4)The possible evolutionary trends of the pollen morphology of three subgenera were proposed: the subgenus Limniris was more primitive than the subgenus Iris, series Ruthenicae was the most primitive taxon among the species studied, and subgenus Pardanthopsis and section Lophiris could be the intermediate types in the transition of the subgenus Limniris to the subgenus Iris.(5)The critical-point drying method and 2,2-dimethoxypropane(DMP)direct method were suitable methods for the preparation of pollen micromorphology of the genus Iris. The results of this study indicate that the pollen morphology of 31 Iris taxa reflects both consistency and differences. The morphology data of pollen can be used as supplementary characteristics to identify the subgenera, sections and series, providing reliable palynological evidence.]]> 2025/6/1 10:22:17 *, SONG Hua, LI Kai, ZHANG Lei, WANG Baibing]]> ZHU Ying^*, SONG Hua, LI Kai, ZHANG Lei, WANG Baibing 34true WRKY transcription factors family plays an important role in plant biological and abiotic stress responses, a total of 61 WRKY gene family members of that jackfruit(Artocarpus heterophyllus)were identified based on the whole genome of jackfruit and the expression profile of WRKY gene family members in jackfruit under low temperature stress were analyzed by bioinformatics method and quantitative real-time fluorescence PCR(qRT-PCR). The results were as follow:(1)Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that WRKY gene family members of jackfruit, Arabidopsis thaliana and rice(Oryza sativa)were divided into four subfamilies.(2)Chromosome localization showed that 61 AhWRKY gene family members were unevenly distributed on 23 chromosomes.(3)Analyses of conserved motifs and gene structure showed that AhWRKY gene family members located in the same subfamily had similar conserved motifs and gene structure.(4)Phylogenetic analysis revealed 124 pairs of fragment duplicated genes within AhWRKY gene family members; inter-species analysis showed jackfruit exhibits a greater number of homologous gene pairs with Arabidopsis thaliana than rice and fig(Ficus carica), and 8 genes formed homologous gene pairs in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice and fig.(5)Transcriptomic analysis of different varieties of jackfruit under low temperature stress showed that there the expression patterns of WRKY gene family members differed in different varieties. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis further verified this result, indicating that WRKY gene family members play a role in response to low temperature stress in jackfruit of different varieties. This study provides new insights into the evolution and function of WRKY gene family members, and lays a foundation for functional research and utilization of WRKY gene family members in jackfruit.]]> 2025/6/1 10:22:17 1,2, ZHU Pengjin^1,2*, DU Yingjun^1,2, SONG Qiqi^1,2, YE Weiyan^1,2, TANG Xiuguan^1,2, HE Jiang^1,2, ZHONG Yunjie^1,2, OU Jingli^1,2, PANG Xinhua^1,2]]> MA Xiangwei^1,2, ZHU Pengjin^1,2*, DU Yingjun^1,2, SONG Qiqi^1,2, YE Weiyan^1,2, TANG Xiuguan^1,2, HE Jiang^1,2, ZHONG Yunjie^1,2, OU Jingli^1,2, PANG Xinhua^1,2 33true Elymus nutans, a high-quality forage distributed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, holds high ecological and economic value. TCP transcription factors, a plant-specific transcription factor family, play a crucial regulatory role in plant growth and development processes, including leaf development, lateral branch morphogenesis, and phytohormonesynthesis and signal transduction pathways. To identify the TCP transcription factor family members of E. nutans, single molecule real-time(SMRT)sequencing technology was used to obtain full-length transcriptome data from E. nutans. Meanwhile, the Illumina sequencing platform was employed to investigate the response patterns of E. nutans under four phytohormone treatments. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 90 956 non-redundant full-length non-chimeric(FLNC)transcripts were obtained.(2)A total of 26 EnTCPs were identified based on the full-length transcriptome data. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a diverse range of amino acids(186 to 575 aa), with all EnTCPs predicted to be located in the nucleus.(3)Based on the branching of the phylogenetic tree, the 26 EnTCPs were divided into Class I subfamily, Class Ⅱ-a(CIN)subfamily, and Class Ⅱ-b(CYC/TB1)subfamily. Conserved motifs analysis revealed that all EnTCPs possessed a TCP domain.(4)Expression pattern analysis suggested that the expression of 7 EnTCPs family members(En108950, En35573, En10347, En16325, En128790, En10346, and En14028)was up-regulated/down-regulated under different phytohormone treatments, suggesting their potential involvement in hormone synthesis pathways. qRT-PCR analysis results showed that En35573 and En14028 were involved in auxin response, while En108950, En10347, En128790, En10346, and En14028 were all involved in cytokinin response. En14028 was involved in abscisic acid response, En108950 was involved in jasmonic acid response, and En16325 might be involved in multiple hormone signaling pathways. These findings provide a foundation for further exploration of the function of the EnTCPs gene and can serve as a reference.]]> 2025/6/1 10:22:17 1,4, MENG Chen^1,2,4, GARCÍA-CAPARRÓS Pedro³, ZHANG Yu^1,4, YANG Yongping^1,4*, SUN Xudong^1,4]]> PENG Xiaomei^1,4, MENG Chen^1,2,4, GARCÍA-CAPARRÓS Pedro³, ZHANG Yu^1,4, YANG Yongping^1,4*, SUN Xudong^1,4 32true Pseudostellaria heterophylla and screen R2R3-MYB transcription factors involved in the regulation of heterophyllin B biosynthesis, 15 R2R3-MYB transcription factors were identified from P. heterophylla based on the full-length transcriptome database. Their physicochemical properties, conserved motifs and phylogenetic relationships were analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and their tissue expression and abscisic acid induced expression patterns were studied by qRT-PCR. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 15 PhR2R3-MYB protein subcells were predicted to locate in cell nucleus, and most of them were hydrophilic unstable proteins. By constructing phylogenetic tree with Arabidopsis thaliana R2R3-MYB protein, PhR2R3-MYB proteins could be divided into eight subgroups, of which six subgroups can be clustered with A. thaliana R2R3-MYB transcription factors respectively.(2)PhR2R3-MYB gene had tissue expression specificity in Pseudostellaria heterophylla, and two of the genes, PhMYB4 and PhMYB8, were highly expressed in phloem of tuberous root. Correlation analysis showed that expression of PhMYB4 and PhMYB8 genes were significantly positively correlated with heterophyllin B content and prePhHB gene expression in P. heterophylla, suggesting that PhMYB4 and PhMYB8 might be involved in the regulation of heterophyllin B biosynthesis in P. heterophylla.(3)PhMYB4 and PhMYB8 genes were differentially expressed in response to ABA treatment for different time. The expression of PhMYB4 gene decreased first, then increased and then decreased, while the expression of PhMYB8 gene was inhibited with ABA treatment, indicating that both PhMYB4 and PhMYB8 genes respond to ABA signal. This study will lay a foundation for further investigation of the function of PhR2R3-MYB genes, and also provides a theoretical reference for revealing the mechanism of R2R3-MYB transcription factors involved in the regulation of heterophyllin B biosynthesis.]]> 2025/6/1 10:22:17 *]]> HUANG Yishu, HE Hua, ZHOU Tao, PAN Qi, LIU Hongxia, XU Jiao, OU Xiaohong, JIANG Weike^* 31true Pseudosasa amabilis was used in this study, and the field observation method was used to observe the flowering forest phase, floral dynamic and the organ structure. The biological characteristics such as pollen viability, pollen germination rate, and stigma receptivity of P. amabilis were detected using the iodine-potassium iodide method, medium germination method, and benzidine-hydrogen peroxide method. The results were as follows:(1)The flowering period of P. amabilis was about 115 d, and the florescence was from late February to early April. After flowering, the old bamboo does not die, and in the same year, the new bamboo does not bloom, but blooming synchronously with the old bamboo in the next year.(2)The pollen vitality and germination rate of P. amabilis were the highest when the anthems first appeared, with well-developed and good germination pollens accounting for 48.00% and 5.41%, respectively. The stigma had the best receptivity when the anthers released pollen.(3)P. amabilis was a mixed bamboo that bloomed multiple times with conical mixed inflorescences and open florets. In summary, P. amabilis does not die after flowering and can bloom continuously for many years, and it is a mixed inflorescence type. The main reason for the extremely low seed setting rate was the low germination rate of pollen.]]> 2025/6/1 10:22:17 1,3, YUE Jinjun¹, YUAN Jinling¹, CHEN Jiahong⁴, HE Damin⁵, ZHONG Hongming^2*]]> WANG Jiye^1,3, YUE Jinjun¹, YUAN Jinling¹, CHEN Jiahong⁴, HE Damin⁵, ZHONG Hongming^2* 30true Pteris amoena Blume in the Pteridaceae, Diplaziopsis cavaleriana (Christ)C. Chr. in the Diplaziopsidaceae, Diplazium nanchuanicum(W. M. Chu)Z. R. He in the Athyriaceae, Macrothelypteris ornata(Wall. ex J. Sm.)Ching in the Thelypteridaceae, Cyrtomium chingianum P. S. Wang and C. shingianum H. S. Kung et P. S. Wang in the Dryopteridaceae, Castanopsis diversifolia(Kurz)King ex Hook.f. and Lithocarpus elegans(Blume)Hatus. ex Soepadmo in the Fagaceae, Rubia falciformis H. S. Lo in the Rubiaceae, Blumea repanda(Roxb.)Hand.-Mazz. and Synotis saluenensis(Diels)C. Jeffrey et Y. L. Chen in the Asteraceae. These new records not only provide a useful reference to the studies of floristic geography, but also are of great significance to the innovative utilization of plant resources and the protection of plant diversity in Guangxi. Description of main morphological characteristics, citation of specimens, colour photos and geographical distribution of the eleven newly recorded species are also provided.]]> 2025/6/1 10:22:17 1, 2, NONG Suyun², HUANG Yusong², LIU Yan^2*]]> SU Chunlan^{1, 2}, NONG Suyun², HUANG Yusong², LIU Yan^2* 29true Diospyros dasyphylla Kurz and D. sumatrana Miq.( Characteristics Ebenaceae )in genus Diospyros of family Ebenacceae are reported as newly recorded species in China. Information such as morphological characteristic, phenological period, habitat characteristics and distribution of the two newly recorded species are provided. The endangered category of the two newly recorded species is assessed based on field survey. D. dasyphylla closely resembles D. xylocarpa Y. M. Shui, W. H. Chen & Sima, and the former can be distinguished by its young branchlets and leaves, which are densely covered with yellow-brown hairs, and mature fruits approximately 6 cm in diameter, accompanied by a fruit calyx measuring 8 mm; while D. sumatrana is similar to D. elliptifolia Merr., but differs in its white and urceolate corolla, fruit 2 cm in diameter and erected calyx. The voucher specimens are deposited in Herbarium of Guangxi Institute of Botany( IBK )and Museum of Beijing Forestry University(BJFC). These findings provide basic data for the biodiversity research of Diospyros plants in China.]]> 2025/6/1 10:22:17 1,2, XU Weibin², HUANG Yusong², ZHANG Zhixiang^1*]]> ZOU Chunyu^1,2, XU Weibin², HUANG Yusong², ZHANG Zhixiang^1* 28true Carex in Guangxi, China, this article systematically sorted out the species diversity of Carex in Guangxi based on field investigation, specimens identification, and literature research, and 20 species of Carex were newly recorded from Guangxi and reported here, which are C. bodinieri Franch., C. dayuongensis Z. P. Wang, C. foraminata C. B. Clarke, C. gongshanensis Tang & F. T. Wang ex Y. C. Yang, C. henryi(C. B. Clarke)T. Koyama, C. jizhuangensis S. Yun Liang, C. longipes D. Don, C. manciformis C. B. Clarke ex Franch., C. metallica H. Lév., C. olivacea Boott, C. orbicularinucis L. K. Dai, C. oxyphylla Franch., C. phoenicis Dunn, C. pseudotristachya X. F. Jin & C. Z. Zheng, C. remotistachya Y. Y. Zhou & X. F. Jin, C. rugata Ohwi, C. sinodissitiflora Tang & F. T. Wang ex L. K. Dai, C. tsaiana F. T. Wang & Tang ex P. C. Li, C. tungfangensis L. K. Dai & S. M. Huang, C. wuyishanensis S. Yun Liang. The discovery of these newly recorded species in Guangxi has not only enriched the species diversity of Carex, but also provided valuable background information which will facilitate subsequent research endeavors and utilization of this genus.]]> 2025/6/1 10:22:17 1, LU Yifei², SU Min^1,3, WU Youdong^1,3, LIU Yan^1*]]> LU Zhaocen¹, LU Yifei², SU Min^1,3, WU Youdong^1,3, LIU Yan^1* 27true Coniogramme Fée, which belongs to Cryptogrammoideae of Pteridaceae, was divided into sect. Coniogramme and sect. Notogramme based on whether the leaf veins were connected to form an areole. The latter mainly includes the taxa with anastomosing veins represented by C. japonica. So far, there has been little systematic research on the phylogenetics of the genus Coniogramme. The phylogenetic relationship among species of sect. Notogramme has long been in controversy. Moreover, the taxonomic treatment was confused due to different understandings of morphological traits. In this paper, the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of the sect. Notogramme and related species based on molecular and morphological analyses were investigated. The results were as follows:(1)Coniogramme sect. Notogramme sensu Shing was not a monophyletic group. Only the species with 2-3 rows of areoles along each side of midrib belong to this group.(2)C. gracilis formed a well-supported monophyletic clade, which was sister to the clade formed by C. japonica, C. centrochinensis and C. ankangensis. Combining with morphological evidence, this study suggested that C. gracilis should be recognized as a distinct species.(3)There was an intermediate transitional form in terms of morphology and no obvious morphological distinction among C. japonica, C. centrochinensis and C. ankangensis, and they clustered into a monophyletic group in the phylogenetic tree. C. centrochinensis and C. ankangensis should be treated as synonymies of C. japonica. The traditional concept of sect. Notogramme was redefined in this paper. This section consists of two species, namely C. japonica and C. gracilis.]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 1, YANG Wenli², YAN Pengpeng¹, WU Die¹, ZHANG Gangmin^1*]]> CONG Wei¹, YANG Wenli², YAN Pengpeng¹, WU Die¹, ZHANG Gangmin^1* 26true Coniogramme Fée, which belongs to Cryptogrammoideae of Pteridaceae, was divided into sect. Coniogramme and sect. Notogramme based on whether the leaf veins were connected to form an areole. The latter mainly includes the taxa with anastomosing veins represented by C. japonica. So far, there has been little systematic research on the phylogenetics of the genus Coniogramme. The phylogenetic relationship among species of sect. Notogramme has long been in controversy. Moreover, the taxonomic treatment was confused due to different understandings of morphological traits. In this paper, the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomy of the sect. Notogramme and related species based on molecular and morphological analyses were investigated. The results were as follows:(1)Coniogramme sect. Notogramme sensu Shing was not a monophyletic group. Only the species with 2-3 rows of areoles along each side of midrib belong to this group.(2)C. gracilis formed a well-supported monophyletic clade, which was sister to the clade formed by C. japonica, C. centrochinensis and C. ankangensis. Combining with morphological evidence, this study suggested that C. gracilis should be recognized as a distinct species.(3)There was an intermediate transitional form in terms of morphology and no obvious morphological distinction among C. japonica, C. centrochinensis and C. ankangensis, and they clustered into a monophyletic group in the phylogenetic tree. C. centrochinensis and C. ankangensis should be treated as synonymies of C. japonica. The traditional concept of sect. Notogramme was redefined in this paper. This section consists of two species, namely C. japonica and C. gracilis.]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 1, YANG Wenli², YAN Pengpeng¹, WU Die¹, ZHANG Gangmin^1*]]> CONG Wei¹, YANG Wenli², YAN Pengpeng¹, WU Die¹, ZHANG Gangmin^1* 25true Cetrelia japonica, Hypotrachyna exsecta, H. pseudosinuosa and Remototrachyna incognita were newly recorded to Anhui Province.(2)Myelochroa irrugans and M. subaurulenta were proved to be two different species, contradicting the previous treatment of the former as a synonym of the latter. In this study, we clarified the systematic positions of the six species and provided detailed morphological descriptions with characteristic pictures. A key to the genera and species of Parmeliaceae in the Dabie Mountains of West Anhui were provided. This study enriches the lichen research data of Anhui Province and lay a foundation for the conservation and sustainable utilization of lichen resources.]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 1, ZHOU Xinyi¹, ZHOU Meisheng², Yi Houqi³, WENG Liangqi¹, WU Xinyu¹, ZHANG Yanyun^1*]]> YIN Yujiao¹, ZHOU Xinyi¹, ZHOU Meisheng², Yi Houqi³, WENG Liangqi¹, WU Xinyu¹, ZHANG Yanyun^1* 24true Acronema phaeosciadeum Farille & Lachard and A. cryptosciadeum Farille & Lachard(Apiaceae)are newly reported as occurring in China. Detailed morphological characteristics, phenological periods, habitat characteristics and distribution information of the two species are provided. Both species were originally described by Farille and were known from the high Himalayan regions of Nepal. The discovery of two species expands its known geographical range to southwestern Xizang, China. A. phaeosciadeum is similar to A. muscicola Hand.-Mazz., but differing from the latter by the characteristics, such as thin fusiform root, presence of bracts and bracteoles, and acute petal apices, not-filiform etc. A. cryptosciadeum resembles A. tenerum(Wall.)Edgew., differing in its fusiform root, few or absent stem leaves(when present, close to the stem base), and petals with non-filiform apex. Additionally, compared with Sinocarum pauciradiatum R. H. Shan & F. T. Pu, the latter has trisected basal leaves and lacks bracteoles. To clarify their systematic positions, phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences(using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods)was conducted, delineating their systematic: A. cryptosciadeum is stably nested within Acronema clade, whereas A. phaeosciadeum is situated near the Sinodielsia clade and the Selineae. Notably, the morphological complexity of A. phaeosciadeum combines traits of Acronema(ovoid fruits with indistinct filiform ribs), Sinocarum(non-filiform petals, fusiform roots), and even Sinodielsia or Selineae(e. g., prominent bracteoles), which implies that it may represent a more complex transitional evolutionary stage. The clear placement of A. cryptosciadeum provides strong molecular evidence for its generic assignment. This discovery enriches China's biodiversity inventory, offers critical insights into the taxonomic ambiguity and polyphyletic nature of Acronema, and highlights the importance of cross-regional floristic comparisons in resolving generic delimitation. It further provides crucial new data for the phylogenetic study of the genus Acronema. Voucher specimens are deposited in the Herbarium of the Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences(NAS).]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 1, LI Minghan¹, LI Huimin¹, WEN Jun¹, ZHOU Xinxin², ZHOU Wei¹, WU Baocheng¹, SONG Chunfeng^1*]]> MA Xudong¹, LI Minghan¹, LI Huimin¹, WEN Jun¹, ZHOU Xinxin², ZHOU Wei¹, WU Baocheng¹, SONG Chunfeng^1* 23true Camellia oleifera leaves in high altitude areas and the relationship between their structure and drought resistance, In this study, 35 superior individual plants of C. oleifera with excellent fruiting traits, previously selected in the high altitude areas of eastern Guizhou Province, were used as experimental materials, and observed them using paraffin sections. Typical indicators of leaf structure that reflected plant drought resistance were screened out through descriptive and variance analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis, and then the membership function was used to comprehensively evaluate drought resistance and select superior individual plants with strong drought resistance. The results were as follows:(1)The number of cell layers in C. oleifera palisade tissue varied. Most were composed of two layers of neatly arranged and dense long columnar cells, and a few had three layers. The coefficient of variation of morphological indicators ranged from 11.15% to 26.73%, and the coefficient of variation of the ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue was the largest among the 14 indicators.(2)Through cluster analysis and comprehensive ranking of related indexes, it was concluded that the main indicators affecting the drought resistance of C. oleifera were ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue, leaf area, vein thickness and palisade tissue thickness. TY05 had a maximum vein thickness of 599.32 μm, and TY16 had a minimum vein thickness of 347.53 μm. The largest leaf area was TY33, which was 1 766.00 mm² and had two layers of palisade tissue cells. TY08 had the maximum leaf thickness, palisade tissue thickness and ratio of palisade tissue to spongy tissue, which were 673.33 μm, 340.26 μm and 1.13, respectively.(3)According to the membership function comprehensive value, TY26, TY08, TY03, TY27, TY33 had strong drought resistance, which could provide a material basis for the next step of drought resistance variety breeding. The research results provide a scientific basis and theoretical reference for the breeding of drought resistant varieties of C. oleifera in high altitude areas.]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 *, SONG Qiling, WAN Xianqin, NIE Yanmei, WANG Qimei]]> SUN Dongchan, GAO Chao^*, SONG Qiling, WAN Xianqin, NIE Yanmei, WANG Qimei 22true Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus, a total of 259 A. membranaceus var. mongholicus samples from eight populations, including Wuchuan in Inner Mongolia, Zizhou in Shaanxi, Hunyuan in Shanxi et al., were analyzed for DNA methylation levels and patterns using methylation sensitive amplified polymorphism(MSAP)technology, combined with population epigenetic diversity, population epigenetic structure, and NJ(neighbor-joining)cluster analysis. The results were as follows:(1)Ten pairs of selective amplification primers were screened for good polymorphisms, with the percentage of methylation-sensitive polymorphic loci ranging from 50% to 79%.(2)The average level of total methylation(62.64%)in A. membranaceus var. mongholicus was greater than that of unmethylation 37.36%, the average level of full methylation(33.39%)was greater than that of hemi-methylation(29.25%), and the full methylation pattern was predominant. Simultaneously, the average level of total methylation was lower in the wild population(58.97%)than in the cultivated population(64.84%).(3)The level of epigenetic diversity(I: 0.555 5±0.121 0)was higher than that of genetic diversity(I: 0.209 7±0.102 1)in A. membranaceus var. mongholicus populations, where the level of epigenetic diversity in the wild population(0.553 1±0.114 8)was slightly lower than that of the cultivated population(0.556 9±0.124 7), and the level of genetic diversity(0.211 7±0.054 0)was higher than that of the cultivated population(0.208 5±0.113 9); AMOVA analysis showed that epigenetic variation mainly occurred within populations(79%).(4)Both the epigenetic structure of the populations and NJ cluster analysis divided the eight populations of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus into four groups, and the populations were preferentially clustered by geography, showing some epigenetic similarity. The research results on DNA methylation, population epigenetic diversity, population epigenetic structure, and NJ cluster analysis of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus reveal the epigenetic characteristics of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus population, providing a new idea for further understanding the phenotypic variation and adaptive strategies of A. membranaceus var. mongholicus under different environmental conditions. Simultaneously, this study provides an epigenetic perspective for formulating a reasonable resource protection strategy for A. membranaceus var. mongholicus and conducting the breeding of excellent traits.]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 1, GAO Huixia¹, YAO Miaozhuo¹, LIU Dengyu¹, ZHANG Pengfei², LIU Yaling^1,3*]]> LIANG Yunhui¹, GAO Huixia¹, YAO Miaozhuo¹, LIU Dengyu¹, ZHANG Pengfei², LIU Yaling^1,3* 21true Glycyrrhiza uralensis, this study amplified and sequenced 100 samples from 20 populations of G. uralensis based on ITS and three chloroplast gene sequences(matK, psbA-trnH, and trnS-trnG), and analyzed the data. The results were as follows:(1)The length of ITS sequence was 691 bp, containing 63 variable sites, with a haplotype diversity of 0.265 and a nucleotide diversity of 0.002 69; the length of cpDNA sequence was 1 976 bp, containing 740 variable sites, with a haplotype diversity of 0.907 and a nucleotide diversity of 0.026 39. These findings demonstrated high genetic diversity at the species level.(2)Molecular variance analysis result revealed that the genetic differentiation of G. uralensis primarily occurred within populations, with relatively low levels of genetic differentiation between populations and relatively high gene flow(ITS: N_m=1.349; cpDNA: N_m=1.520).(3)The comparison results of genetic differentiation coefficients(N_st and G_st)indicated that there was no significant phylogeographic structure within G. uralensis populations. The results of neutral test and mismatch analysis curve suggested that the overall G. uralensis population did not experience expansion events.(4)Haplotype geographical distribution analysis results revealed that G. uralensis in Shaanxi, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Gansu exhibited relatively high haplotype diversity and was located at the center of the geographical distribution map, suggesting that this region might have served as a glacial refuge of G. uralensis in Northwest and North China. The study analyzes the genetic diversity and geographical distribution patterns of G. uralensis using different DNA barcodes, providing a theoretical basis for the conservation and rational utilization of G. uralensis germplasm resources in the future.]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 1, LIANG Yunhui¹, YAO Miaozhuo¹, LIU Dengyu¹, ZHANG Pengfei², LIU Yaling^1,3*]]> GAO Huixia¹, LIANG Yunhui¹, YAO Miaozhuo¹, LIU Dengyu¹, ZHANG Pengfei², LIU Yaling^1,3* 20true WOX gene family has potential roles in regulating fiber development, plant growth, and stress resistance in industrial hemp. Currently, the functions of the CsWOX gene family in industrial hemp and its roles in key biological processes such as stable yield and yield increase have not been clarified. Therefore, this study used bioinformatics methods to analyze the physicochemical properties, conserved domains, and expression patterns of the CsWOX genes in industrial hemp, to reveal their molecular functions in fiber development and drought stress response, and to preliminarily clarify the molecular mechanism by which Trichoderma hamatum enhances plant stress resistance through regulating the WOX gene network. The results were as follows:(1)Eleven CsWOX gene family members were identified in industrial hemp, encoding proteins with number of amino acids ranging from 223 to 435 aa, and relative molecular weights ranging from 25 398.30 to 48 429.45 Da. Most proteins in this gene family were acidic and localized in the nucleus.(2)CsWOX proteins could be divided into three branches(ancient branch, intermediate branch, and modern branch). The modern branch contained six sub-branches, the intermediate branch contained two sub-branches, and the ancient branch contained only one sub-branch. WOX transcription factors in the same sub-branch had certain conservation in the types and organization of conserved motifs. Each family member contained a conserved domain with a helix-loop-helix-turn-helix structure.(3)Promoter prediction analysis found that the number of cis-elements related to light response, gibberellin response, and abscisic acid response was the highest. Other cis-elements such as auxin response, salicylic acid response, anaerobic response, circadian rhythm response, low temperature response, and defense response were unevenly distributed in the promoters.(4)CsWOX4 and CsWOX13a/CsWOX13b genes showed high expression levels in roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. Compared with the control group, the expression levels of CsWOX4 and CsWOX13a/CsWOX13b changed under drought treatment, Trichoderma hamatum treatment, and combined drought and Trichoderma hamatum treatment, suggesting that they may play potential roles in the growth, development, and stress resistance of industrial hemp. This study reveals the molecular functions of CsWOX genes in growth, development, and drought stress response, preliminarily clarifies the molecular mechanism by which Trichoderma hamatum enhances plant stress resistance through regulating the WOX gene network, and provides important clues for understanding the functions of the CsWOX gene family in the growth, development, and stress resistance of industrial hemp.]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 1,2, HUANG Ziying^1,2, LIU Yuanyuan^1,2*]]> TIAN Yue^1,2, HUANG Ziying^1,2, LIU Yuanyuan^1,2* 19true s.l.)possesses significant economic and ecological values. However, the phylogenetic relationships within this clade remain controversial, particularly concerning the phylogenetic placement of Fremontodendreae, Ochromeae and Matisieae. Moreover, comprehensive analyses of plastome structural variations and evolution within this clade remain poorly investigated. To resolve these research gaps, this study incorporated the plastid whole genome(WGM)data from 142 species representing 8 tribes and 38 genera of the Malvatheca clade, including 77 plastomes newly de novo assembled. We performed comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses using the plastome datasets. The results were as follows:(1)The plastome size in the Malvatheca clade exhibit variation ranging from 156 701 bp to 163 741 bp, primarily attributed to differential lengths in the inverted repeat(IR)region and varying numbers of repetitive sequences.(2)Four IR boundary types were identified through analysis of gene variation at IR/SC junctions. The Type Ⅲa is inferred as the ancestral structure of the plastome within the Malvatheca clade, with identical IR expansion/contraction events evolving convergently multiple times during its diversification.(3)Eight highly variable regions were detected in both Malvoideae and Bombacoideae, with trnS^GCU-trnG^UCC, petA-psbJ, ndhD-ccsA and ycf1 being common to both clades. Notably, trnS^GCU-trnG^UCC, ycf1 and the commonly used molecular markers ndhF exhibited robust phylogenetic resolution.(4)The topologies inferred from both the plastid WGM matrix and protein coding sequence(CDS)matrix datasets were largely identical and well-resolved, and provided a reliable phylogenetic framework for Malvatheca clade. The result showed that the Malvatheca clade was divided into four lineages, with Fremontodendreae as the earliest divergent group, followed by Ochromeae, then Bombacoideae and Malvoideae formed as sister group. Additionally, our results revealed non-monophyly in tribes Adansonieae and Bombaceae, as well as the genera Sida and Hisbiscus. The composition and taxonomic treatment of these groups still require further research. This study clarifies critical phylogenetic relationships within the Malvatheca clade while providing new perspectives on the plastome characteristics and evolution through the most extensively sampled plastome dataset currently available for this clade.]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 1,2,5, LI Ruozhu¹, CAI Jie³, YANG Junbo³, ZHANG Zhirong³, LI Dezhu³, YU Wenbin^1,2,4*]]> LEI Hanlin^1,2,5, LI Ruozhu¹, CAI Jie³, YANG Junbo³, ZHANG Zhirong³, LI Dezhu³, YU Wenbin^1,2,4* 18true Viscum diospyrosicola and resolve the phylogenetic relationships within the Viscum genus. Utilizing the Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform, we sequenced its chloroplast genome and performed bioinformatics analyses, including assembly, annotation, and comparative genomic analysis. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genome of V. diospyrosicola exhibited a typical circular quadripartite structure, with the total length of 126 315 bp and the total GC content of 36.40%. A total of 111 genes were annotated, including 69 protein-coding genes, 34 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes, with no detection of the transcription initiation factor infA.(2)Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the variation rate in the LSC region of the chloroplast genome was significantly higher than that in the IR region among five Viscum species. Specific variations were found in the coding regions of genes such as ycf1, ycf2, ycf3, atpA, rpoC2, and rpoC1, providing potential targets for molecular marker development.(3)Codon usage bias analysis showed that the third base of codons predominantly ended with A/U, and the codon usage pattern was mainly influenced by natural selection.(4)Phylogenetic analysis results indicated that the species were divided into two main branches, Loranthaceae and Santalaceae, with V. diospyrosicola clustering with V. liquidambaricola, indicating the closest genetic relationship. This study is the first to elucidate the characteristics of the chloroplast genome of V. diospyrosicola and to clarify the phylogenetic relationships within the Viscum, providing a theoretical basis for molecular identification and phylogenetic research of Viscum species.]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 1, ZENG Xiaoli^1,2, BAN Qiming³, ZHENG Hongjun⁴, QIU Jiansheng^1,5*]]> ZHANG Yubing¹, ZENG Xiaoli^1,2, BAN Qiming³, ZHENG Hongjun⁴, QIU Jiansheng^1,5* 17true Primula pamirica, a distylous plant producing flowers in four flower-color morphs(white, light white, light purple, and purple), as the experimental material. A comprehensive comparative analysis was conducted based on the corolla color parameters, soil water contents and mineral element contents of the plant roots, and transcriptomic profiling data across the four flower-color morphs, and preliminary screened to identify candidate transcription factors involved in the formation of flower color polymorphism. The results were as follows:(1)Plants with white and light white corollas predominantly occured in soil environments characterized by high water content and low mineral element content, whereas those with purple and light purple corollas were frequently distributed in soils with low water content and high mineral element content.(2)Pathways such as the phenylalanine metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, metal ion transport, and amino acid transport played critical roles in floral pigmentation regulation.(3)Related members of the MYB, bHLH, ZIP, and WRKY gene families were identified as key candidate genes of floral formation, with related members of ZIP and WRKY gene families showing significant regulatory effects on purple corolla formation. In conclusion, the flower color polymorphism in P. pamirica is the result of the genetic regulatory networks and soil environmental factors(soil water status and mineral elements).]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 1, SAILAIJIANG Maierhaba^1,2, ABDUSALAM Aysajan ^1,2*]]> WANG Yibi¹, SAILAIJIANG Maierhaba^1,2, ABDUSALAM Aysajan ^1,2* 16true Angelica dahurica and A. dahurica cv. ‘Hangbaizhi', the cold resistance of seeds from different A. dahurica cultivars and the key genes were explored. Based on the comparative experiment of low-temperature and normal-temperature germination of A. dahurica and A. dahurica cv. ‘Hangbaizhi' seeds, transcriptome sequencing was performed on different treatment groups to analyze the differential expressions of key hormones abscisic acid(ABA)and gibberellins(GA)during seed germination under low-temperature stress. The outcomes were verified by qRT-PCR. The results were as follows:(1)The seed vigor of the two A. dahurica varieties significantly decreased under low-temperature conditions, and the seed vigor of A. dahurica was significantly higher than that of A. dahurica cv. ‘Hangbaizhi'.(2)Transcriptome analysis shows that the expression levels of Cu/ZnSOD, CYP707A, and CAT significantly decreased under low-temperature conditions; while the expressions of ABA(PYL)and GA(SNE, GIS)-related genes significantly increased.(3)In the two varieties, A. dahurica has higher expression levels of PsaA and BIP, while A. dahurica cv. ‘Hangbaizhi' has higher expression of ABI.(4)The decrease in seed activity of two varieties of A. dahurica under low-temperature stress is mainly related to the significant reduction in the expressions of key genes such as Cu/ZnSOD, CYP707A, and CAT; the differences in seed germination between the two A. dahurica varieties are mainly related to the differential expressions of ABA and GA related genes. In conclusion, the synergistic work of these factors ultimately significantly affects seed activity. This study provides new genetic references for the research of cold resistance in seeds of A. dahurica and A. dahurica cv. ‘Hangbaizhi'.]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 *]]> LIU Yiting, LUO Bingqian, WANG Yalan, LI Yongning, GAO Jihai^* 15true Fagopyrum plants serve as a gene pool for the genetic improvement of cultivated buckwheat, but the phylogenetic status and species identification within this genus remain controversial. To explore the morphological characteristics of Fagopyrum and its taxonomic significance, the pollen morphology of 11 species and 2 subspecies of Fagopyrum was observed using scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows:(1)The pollen shape of the Fagopyrum species varied from subspheroidal to prolate, and the pollen sizes varied significantly among species, of which, the pollen of F. tataricum ssp. potanini and F. gracilipes were big, that of F. callianthum was small, that of the rest were medium-sized.(2)The pollen exine ornamentation was finely reticulate in all species. However, there were obvious differences in the size and density of pollen surface perforation among different species.(3)Cluster analysis showed the pollen morphology of F. tataricum ssp. potanini, F. lineare, F. tataricum, F. urophyllum, and F. callianthum had similar characteristics, such as the germination furrow was small in length and width, the pollen shape was subglobose or oblong, and the pollen size was medium or small. F. densovillosum, F.caudatum, F. statice, F. rubifolium, F. dibotrys, and F. macrocarpum were similar, with some characteristics, such as germination furrow of medium length and width, pollen shape subglobose or oblong, and all having medium-sized pollen, while the pollen morphology of F. esculentum ssp. ancestralis and F. gracilipes were similar and distinct from other congeners, characterized by the widest lumina, broadest murus, largest lumina size, and the longest and widest germinal apture. The grains were prolate and ranked as the largest in size among all species examined. In conclusion, the pollen of Fagopyrum has the common characteristics of subglobose or oblong shape, exine ornamentation is finely reticulate, tricolporate aperature, which are clearly different from other genera of Polygonum, which means that it can be used as a reference to determine the phylogenetic status of this genus. Although there are differences in pollen morphology between taxa, the low resolution is not enough to distinguish the species of Fagopyrum.]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 1,2, TAN Lu², WANG Qinghai², DU Hanmei², LI Shengchun², XU Zhou², WU Dandan¹, WANG Anhu^2*]]> HU Meng^1,2, TAN Lu², WANG Qinghai², DU Hanmei², LI Shengchun², XU Zhou², WU Dandan¹, WANG Anhu^2* 14true Piper is characterized by a notable degree of interspecific morphological similarity coupled with considerable intraspecific variation, which presents significant challenges for accurate species classification.To address taxonomic issues and explore the taxonomic significance of leaf epidermal micromorphological characteristics in Piper species from China, this study systematically examined and compared the characteristics of Piper nigrum and 19 native Piper species using light microscopy(LM)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results were as follows:(1)The leaf epidermal cells of most species were polygonal in shape, exhibiting straight-arched anticlinal walls. In contrast, only a few species displayed irregularly shaped epidermal cells with sinuolate anticlinal walls on the upper epidermis.(2)Stomatal apparatus were exclusively located on the lower epidermis and could be classified into three distinct types: anisocytic, amphicyclocytic, and the transitional type between these two categories. Size and density of stomatal apparatus showed significant interspecific variation, serving as auxiliary diagnostic features for species differentiation.(3)The cuticular ornamentation was categorized into four main types: nearly smooth, striate, papillate, and micropapillate. These distinct patterns of ornamentation partially reflect the phylogenetic relationships among species and provide valuable insights for the infrageneric classification within the genus Piper.(4)Trichomes were classified into two broad categories: glandular and non-glandular types. The majority of species exhibited glandular trichomes, while non-glandular trichomes included both simple and branched types. A small number of species were glabrous. The characteristics of trichomes were demonstrated to be critical and informative taxonomic criterion for interspecific classification within Piper.(5)Based on the leaf epidermal micromorphological characteristics and other relevant traits, the taxonomic status of certain species was re-evaluated. This study supported the recognition of P. thomsonii var. microphyllum as a distinct species and rejected the synonymization of P. curtipedunculum with P. pedicellatum. Additionally, it affirmed P. semi-transparens as a separate species, while also confirming the close phylogenetic relationship between P. flaviflorum and P. nigrum. The results indicate the leaf epidermal micromorphological characteristics provide an important basis for the classification of Piper.]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 1,2, FAN Rui³, LIU Zhengzhu^1,2, SU Fan², JI Xunzhi², HAO Chaoyun^2*]]> FENG Yuanyuan^1,2, FAN Rui³, LIU Zhengzhu^1,2, SU Fan², JI Xunzhi², HAO Chaoyun^2* 13true Polygonatum zanlanscianense is a perennial herbaceous plant with important medicinal value in the genus Polygonatum, the family Asparagaceae. In order to explore flowering biology and breeding system characteristics of P. zanlanscianense, promote hybrid breeding and new variety selection, this paper investigated its flowering biological parameters and pollination system, and carried out artificial pollination experiments. The results were as follows:(1)The single flower of P. zanlanscianense opened around 16:00 in the day and closed around 20:00 the next day, with an opening duration of 28 h.(2)The pollen vitality measured by the acetic acid magenta method during the pre-blooming and blooming stages was similar, with 76.34% and 84.02%, respectively.(3)The pollen content of a single flower was 25 460.0±1 309.0, the pollen-ovule ratio was 4 243.0±218.0, and the outcrossing index(OCI)was 4.(4)The natural pollination setting rate of P. zanlanscianense was 80.55%, the artificial xenogamy setting rate was 72.57%, and the geitonogamy and self-pollination setting rates were 2.98% and 4.68%, respectively. After self-pollination, pollen grains could germinate on the stigma and pass through the style.(5)The main flower-visiting insects were Bombus spp., Apis cerana, Melanostoma scalare and Aporia largeteaui. From 8:00 to 13:00, insects had the highest frequency of visiting flowers, with a single flower being visited 4 to 5 times. In conclusion, Polygonatum zanlanscianense requires pollinators, and there is no evidence of apomixis. The breeding system type is mainly outcrossing, with a small amount of self-pollination. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the resource utilization and germplasm innovation of P. zanlanscianense.]]> 2025/12/31 22:35:42 *]]> YANG Bingbing, LI Huarong, LI Ziwei, HE Fu^* 12true Viburnum L. is a widely distributed woody genus in the family Viburnaceae, with approximately 197 species worldwide. Most species of this genus possess significant ornamental value and medicinal value, rendering them valuable resources for the horticulture and pharmaceutical industries. Clarifying their taxonomic ambiguities is crucial for guiding the development, utilization, and conservation of these resources. This paper systematically summarizes the changes of the systematic position of the genus Viburnum, intra-generic taxonomic history, as well as the main evidence and methods put forward the existing problems and solutions.(1)The systematic position of Viburnum has undergone multiple adjustments across different classification systems, and its stable status within the Viburnaceae(order Dipsacales)has finally been confirmed and it is the common sister group to all other genra in the family.(2)The delimitation of the genus and the division of its intra-generic taxa have also been revised repeatedly, evolving from the broad circumscription in early studies to the more refined classification, and the “genus-section-species” taxonomic hierarchy is currently widely accepted and applied in academic research, with the delimitation of major intra-generic taxa becoming relatively clear.(3)Contemporary research on the systematic taxonomy of Viburnum has formed an integrated multiple-disciplinary framework, incorporating evidence from morphology, micromorphology, anatomy, cytology, palynology, phytochemistry, and molecular systematics, which provides multi-dumensional evidential support for classification revision.(4)Current research still has some limitations, the phylogenetic relationships of some clades remain unresolved, taxonomic boundaries between certain closely related species and within some species are still ambiguous, the classification system of this genus requires further improvement, and comprehensive sampling and accurate species identification are urgently needed.(5)Future studies should expand the scope of sample collection and strengthen multi-regional surveys and integrative studies, and provide a scientific reference for the rational development and effective conservation of those resources of this genus.]]> 2026/3/7 21:10:45 1, LIU Hongtao^1,2*]]> Lv Wenjun¹, LIU Hongtao^1,2* 11true Camellia reticulata is an important winter-flowering tree species in southwestern China, known for the characteristics of tall tree structure and brightly colored flowers. To explore the mechanism of flower color formation in C. reticulata, this study used germplasms of different flower colors as experimental materials. Various physicochemical indicators were measured, including petal color parameters, cellular pH, metal ion content, total anthocyanin content, total flavonoid content, and total carotenoid content. Methods such as significance difference comparison and correlation analysis were employed to comprehensively analyze the relationship between flower color phenotypes and physicochemical factors in C. reticulata. The results were as follows:(1)Using the CIEL^*a^*b^* color system, the flower colors of C. reticulata could be classified into five color series, as reddish-purple, red, pinkish-purple, light-pink, and white. This method effectively distinguished and quantitatively described the flower color phenotypes.(2)Relationship between physicochemical factors and flower color was complex. The pH of petal cell sap ranged from 3.48 to 4.46, indicating an acidic intracellular environment, which might help maintain the stability of anthocyanins in the petals. The content of eight metal ions varied significantly among petals of different color series and showed significant correlations with flower color phenotype data and pigment content.(3)Significant differences were observed in the content of total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, and total carotenoids among petals of different colors. Total flavonoids were highest in ‘Tongzimian', while total anthocyanins and total carotenoids were all the highest in ‘Zhushazipao', which had the darkest flower color phenotype. In conclusion, anthocyanin content in petals is correlated with flower color phenotype. Flavonoids may participate in flower coloration through copigmentation, and different types of pigments likely collectively regulate the flower color of C. reticulata in specific proportions. Cytoplastic pH and metal ions are involved in the flower coloration process and play positive roles. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the classification of C. reticulata flower colors and offer theoretical insights into the mechanism of flower color formation.]]> 2026/3/7 21:10:45 1, XU Jian¹, CHEN Shengtong¹, WANG Zhonglang², CHEN Longqing¹, GENG Fang^1*]]> NIE Ruimin¹, XU Jian¹, CHEN Shengtong¹, WANG Zhonglang², CHEN Longqing¹, GENG Fang^1* 10true Cedrus deodara)is a wind-pollinated plant, and exhibits a significantly slower process of pollen germination and pollen tube growth than that of angiosperm(e.g., maize). Starch is the main energy source for pollen germination in wind-pollinated plants. To reveal the characteristics of starch granules in cedar pollen and their changes during pollen germination, the pollens of cedar and maize were used as materials to compare the changes of starch granules and their effects during pollen germination by physiological and biochemical, cytological and proteomic approaches. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with mature maize pollen, the starch content in cedar pollen was lower, but the amylose proportion was higher.(2)Starch granules in cedar pollen were irregular and cobblestone-like, whereas those in maize were short and rod-shaped.(3)The activities of α-amylase and β-amylase, and the types and activities of isoenzymes were much lower than those in maize pollen.(4)Starch granules in mature cedar pollen were primarily distributed in the cytoplasm around the inner pollen wall, and gradually moved into pollen tube during pollen germination. Meanwhile, the types and activities of starch isoenzymes increased, and the degradation of starch increased, thereby producing more soluble sugar to provide energy for pollen germination. This research provides new clues for understanding the reasons for the slow pollen germination and pollen tube growth of gymnosperms.]]> 2026/3/7 21:10:45 1,2, WANG Wenkang¹, DING Huiying¹, WANG Wei^1*]]> NIU Liangjie^1,2, WANG Wenkang¹, DING Huiying¹, WANG Wei^1* 9true Habenaria, Calanthe, and Platanthera, with characteristic species including Calanthe puberula, Liparis campylostalix, Neottia nanchuanica, Odontochilus elwesii, and Goodyera henryi. Monotypic genera comprised 73% of the total. Diversity indices [Margalef's richness index(D_MG)=4.035 6, Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H')= 2.622 8, Simpson's dominance index(λ) = 0.113 6)] indicated moderate diversity and low dominance.(2)Species richness peaked at mid-high altitudes(1 700 - 2 100 m). Phylogenetically related species clustered at similar altitudes and habitats, suggesting strong habitat filtering.(3)Notably, 30% of species were threatened, particularly the taxa with medicinal and ornamental values such as Anoectochilus emeiensis, Cremastra appendiculata, Pleione yunnanensis, and Cymbidium goeringii and the survival status of these species were particularly worrying. In summary, the overall diversity of the Orchidaceae flora in this reserve is not high, and the distribution of species is uneven at different altitudes, and some species are facing high survival risks. The study provides critical baseline data for regional Orchidaceae diversity research and provide direct scientific support for the subsequent systematic protection and management of Orchidaceae.]]> 2026/3/7 21:10:46 1,2, HU Haixia^3,4, YANG Wenke², LI Dan¹, LIU Qiang², SONG Liang^3*]]> HE Yanli^1,2, HU Haixia^3,4, YANG Wenke², LI Dan¹, LIU Qiang², SONG Liang^3* 8true Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 2. College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 3. College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Chinader to systematically update and analyze the plant checklist of lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou, and to provide a scientific basis for the biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization in the region, we investigated relevant literature, databases, and specimen information, and conducted comprehensive statistics and analyses of species composition, distribution patterns, and floristic characteristics of lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou based on the PPG I classification system. The main results were as follows:(1)Guizhou harbored exceptionally rich diversity of lycophytes and ferns, comprising 37 families, 121 genera, 934 species, 3 subspecies, and 35 varieties. These included 3 families, 9 genera, and 61 species(including infraspecific taxa, hereafter)of lycophytes, and 34 families, 112 genera, and 911 species of ferns.(2)The dominant families included Dryopteridaceae(238 species), Pteridaceae(121 species), Polypodiaceae(117 species), Athyriaceae(115 species), etc.; the dominant genera included Polystichum(101 species), Dryopteris(84 species), Asplenium(48 species), Pteris(44 species), etc.(3)The province contained 20 nationally protected species from 7 families and 9 genera, as well as 47 threatened species from 13 families and 22 genera.(4)In terms of horizontal distribution, species richness was the highest in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Prefecture(586 species)and the lowest in Liupanshui City(224 species), with a vertical distribution pattern showing a “mid-domain effect” with a maximum species diversity at 900 - 1 300 m elevation.(5)In terms of ecological types, terricolous species were the most abundant(533 species), followed by saxicolous(264 species), epiphytic(99 species), terricolous-saxicolous(69 species), with aquatic species being the rarest(7 species).(6)Floristic analysis at the genus level indicated that the lycophytes and ferns of Guizhou were dominated by tropical elements, consistent with the tropical dominance characteristics of Chinese fern flora. In conclusion, the results of this research not only enhance the fundamental data on lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou, but also provide critical support for advancing regional botanical surveys, ecological conservation planning, and biodiversity research.]]> 2026/3/7 21:10:46 1, GOU Guangqian¹, AN Mingtai², SUN Qingwen³, HU Guoxiong^1*]]> XIE Mei¹, GOU Guangqian¹, AN Mingtai², SUN Qingwen³, HU Guoxiong^1* 7true Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 2. College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 3. College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Chinader to systematically update and analyze the plant checklist of lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou, and to provide a scientific basis for the biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization in the region, we investigated relevant literature, databases, and specimen information, and conducted comprehensive statistics and analyses of species composition, distribution patterns, and floristic characteristics of lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou based on the PPG I classification system. The main results were as follows:(1)Guizhou harbored exceptionally rich diversity of lycophytes and ferns, comprising 37 families, 121 genera, 934 species, 3 subspecies, and 35 varieties. These included 3 families, 9 genera, and 61 species(including infraspecific taxa, hereafter)of lycophytes, and 34 families, 112 genera, and 911 species of ferns.(2)The dominant families included Dryopteridaceae(238 species), Pteridaceae(121 species), Polypodiaceae(117 species), Athyriaceae(115 species), etc.; the dominant genera included Polystichum(101 species), Dryopteris(84 species), Asplenium(48 species), Pteris(44 species), etc.(3)The province contained 20 nationally protected species from 7 families and 9 genera, as well as 47 threatened species from 13 families and 22 genera.(4)In terms of horizontal distribution, species richness was the highest in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Prefecture(586 species)and the lowest in Liupanshui City(224 species), with a vertical distribution pattern showing a “mid-domain effect” with a maximum species diversity at 900 - 1 300 m elevation.(5)In terms of ecological types, terricolous species were the most abundant(533 species), followed by saxicolous(264 species), epiphytic(99 species), terricolous-saxicolous(69 species), with aquatic species being the rarest(7 species).(6)Floristic analysis at the genus level indicated that the lycophytes and ferns of Guizhou were dominated by tropical elements, consistent with the tropical dominance characteristics of Chinese fern flora. In conclusion, the results of this research not only enhance the fundamental data on lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou, but also provide critical support for advancing regional botanical surveys, ecological conservation planning, and biodiversity research.]]> 2026/3/7 21:10:46 1, GOU Guangqian¹, AN Mingtai², SUN Qingwen³, HU Guoxiong^1*]]> XIE Mei¹, GOU Guangqian¹, AN Mingtai², SUN Qingwen³, HU Guoxiong^1* 6true Oxneriaaria in Xinjiang, morphological, anatomical, chemical analyse, and combined with phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA-ITS sequences, are used to conduct a detailed taxonomic study on Oxneriaria specimens collected from Xingjiang, China. The results are as follows:(1)A total of three Oxneriaria lichens belong to the Chinese new record species, namely O. supertegens(Arnold)S. Y. Kondr. & Lökös, O. verruculosa(Kremp.)S. Y. Kondr. & Lökös, and O. permutata(Zahlbr.)S. Y. Kondr. & Lökös. Detailed descriptions and anatomical diagrams of the internal and external morphological structures of these three new record species are provided. In addition, similar species are compared and discussed.(2)O. supertegens is characterized by the dark gray to gray-brown with a slightly purple tinge, with black prothallus, apothecium dictyoplast, lecanorine, hymenium 89.5-135.0 μm, 8-spored asci, ellipsoid ascospores(16.0-25.5)μm ×(12.0-16.5)μm; O. verruculosa is characterized by a wart-like thallus and like altar-shaped apothecium, apothecium aspiciloid, hymenium 70.5-95.0 μm, 8-spored asci, ellipsoid ascospores(12.0-17.5)μm ×(7.5-13.5)μm, and contains stictic acid; O. permutata is characterized by the uneven and rough surface of thallus, apothecium aspiciloid, hymenium 100-115 μm, 8-spored asci, ellipsoid ascospores(15.0-22.0)μm ×(9.0-12.5)μm. The research results have increased the number of Oxneriaria species in China from 3 to 6,accounting for 32% of the total global species, enriching the basic data of Oxneriaria lichens in China.]]> 2026/3/7 21:10:46 *]]> YONG Haiying, TUMUR Anwar^* 5true Mitthyridium obtusifolium(Lindb.)H. Rob. The main distinguishing features of the species include creeping main stems with erect branches; leaves broadly lanceolate, slightly rugose with a rounded-obtuse apex; and leaf sheaths slightly broadened and differentiated borders extending from the leaf base to near the apex.(2)Detailed morphological descriptions and color plates of the species were provided based on the newly collected specimens. A global distribution map of M. obtusifolium was given, showing that this species is primarily found in tropical regions, particularly on islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and along adjacent continental coastlines. It typically inhabits tree trunks and decaying wood at elevations below 500 m. The newly recorded occurrence in China represents the northernmost known distribution for this species globally. A classification key was developed to distinguish the three known Mitthyridium species in China: M. fasciculatum(Hook. & Grev.)H. Rob., M. obtusifolium, and M. flavum(Müll. Hal.)H. Rob.(3)A literature review revealed that the taxonomy of Mitthyridium was both complex and challenging. The phylogenetic relationships between Mitthyridium and the related Syrropodon Schwägr. as well as between M. obtusifolium and its related M. fasciculatum, were discussed. Mitthyridium is a mainly tropical lowland distribution genus, thus functioning as an important indicator for conservation and ecological restoration in lowland rainforest habitats. The discovery of new record not only enriches the floristic data of tropical bryophytes in Hainan and even China, but also contributes new scientific insights into the taxonomy, identification, and conservation of the genus Mitthyridium.]]> 2026/3/7 21:10:46 1,2, WEI Yumei³, LI Min⁴, HO Boon-Chuan⁵, HAO Jiewei^1,2, ZHANG Lina^1,2*]]> GAO Jie^1,2, WEI Yumei³, LI Min⁴, HO Boon-Chuan⁵, HAO Jiewei^1,2, ZHANG Lina^1,2* 4true Salix sericeo-cinerea Nakai and S. udensis Trautv. & C. Meyer in China, based on an integrative approach combining extensive field investigations of Salix L. plant populations in the Northeast region of China, combined with indepth research on related taxonomc literature both domestically and internationally, as well as comparisons of speciemens from multiple herbarium collections. The research was conducted to clarify the taxonomic status, morphological characteristics, and geographical distribution of these previously undocumented species in China. Materials and methods involved:(1)Systematic field surveys across Northeast China(2021—2024), with particular emphasis on population-level morphological variations during both flowering and vegetative stages;(2)Exhaustive analysis of taxonomic literature, including original descriptions and regional floras;(3)Detailed comparisons of a substantial number of herbarium specimens, including type materials accessed through international collaborations and digital repositories. S. sericeo-cinerea, distributed in Fenghuang Mountain, Wuchang City, Heilongjiang Province, was identified as an alpine dwarf shrub(0.5-1.8 m tall)characterized by obovate leaves with margins conspicuously adorned by white silky villous hairs, catkins bearing 4-8 small basal leaves, and remarkably prominent styles. These diagnostic features provide clear distinctions from its morphologically similar congener, S. taraikensis Kimura. S. udensis, found in Xingkai Lake, Heilongjiang Province, and Northeastern Inner Mongolia, was recognized as a medium-sized shrub(3-5 m tall)with narrowly obovate leaves and uniquely deeply cleft stigmas(extending below the midpoint of the styles), providing reliable diagnostic characters to separate it from the widespread S. sachalinensis F. Schmidt. Population-level morphohegical stability stuies further validated the species-level taxonomic status of these two taxa.(3)Comprehensive morphological descriptions were provided, supported by detailed morphological illustrations and voucher specimens(deposited at BJFC), along with precise geagraphical distribution data. Ecological observations revealed that S. sericeo-cinerea predominantly grows in high-altitude open slopes(1 400-1 700 m), while S. udensis occurs in lowland wetland habitats near the China-Russia border region. This study unequivocally confirms the existence of S. sericeo-cinerea and S. udensis in China, representing significant additions to the diversity of Salix in the country. The findings highlight the importance of thorough taxonomic revisions and targeted field surveys in understudied regions. Moreover, the research establishes a solid foundation for future studies on the phylogeny, biogeography, and conservation of these newly recorded species in Northeast China. The methodological framework employed, particularly the integration of population-level analyses with type specimen examinations, provides a valuable model for resolving complex taxonomic issues in Salix and other challenging plant groups.]]> 2026/3/7 21:10:46 1, ZHANG Zhixiang^1*, ZHENG Baojiang², ZHANG Yue³, ZHANG Hongwu⁴]]> ZHAN Zhenfeng¹, ZHANG Zhixiang^1*, ZHENG Baojiang², ZHANG Yue³, ZHANG Hongwu⁴ 3true Melocalamus scandens Hsueh & C. M. Hui and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus(Hsueh & C. M. Hui)D. Z. Li & Z. H. Guo are two species endemic to Yunnan. Currently, the morphological description of reproductive organs of M. scandens has not yet been reported, and based on field surveys and literature review, we found that the description of reproductive organs of the two bamboo species was incomplete in the original literature. Based on extensive field surveys, the super-barcodes plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA(nrDNA)sequences were exploited to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, so that the identities of individuals collected in the field could be confirmed. On this basis, characteristics of the reproductive organs of M. scandens were supplemented, and the features of the culm leaf ligule, and foliage leaf auricle and ligule were refined. Morphological information of the culm leaf auricle, and foliage leaf auricle and ligule of M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus were supplemented. The results were as follows:(1)Phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA sequences indicated that M. scandens and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus formed monophyletic clades with high support value, respectively; whereas in the plastid genome phylogenetic tree, the individuals of these two species were polyphyletic, possibly due to incomplete lineage sorting in this group.(2)Supplementary description of M. scandens: culm leaf ligules entire or dentate; foliage leaf auricles tiny or absent, oral setae present; upper margin of foliage leaf ligule ciliate; pseudospikelets clustered on nodes; florets 4-6 with the apex one sterile; glumes 2-4; lemma glabrous, 15-veined; palea slightly bifid apically, 2-keeled, keels with white cilia; lodicules 3; stamens 6; ovary ovate, style 1, stigmas 3, white, plumose.(3)Complementary description of M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus: culm leaf auricles linear or absent; ligules conspicuous, margin long fimbriate; foliage leaf auricles linear or absent; ligules conspicuous, margins dentate when fimbriae deciduous later. The study confirms that the feasibility of comprehensively utilizing plastid genomes and nrDNA sequences for species identification in the genus Melocalamus. The supplementary descriptions of inflorescence and vegetative organ morphology provide a more comprehensive taxonomic basis for the accurate identification of M. scandens and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus.]]> 2026/3/7 21:10:46 *]]> HE Shunshun, LI Cheng, ZHANG Chao, ZHANG Yuxiao^* 2true Melocalamus scandens Hsueh & C. M. Hui and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus(Hsueh & C. M. Hui)D. Z. Li & Z. H. Guo are two species endemic to Yunnan. Currently, the morphological description of reproductive organs of M. scandens has not yet been reported, and based on field surveys and literature review, we found that the description of reproductive organs of the two bamboo species was incomplete in the original literature. Based on extensive field surveys, the super-barcodes plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA(nrDNA)sequences were exploited to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, so that the identities of individuals collected in the field could be confirmed. On this basis, characteristics of the reproductive organs of M. scandens were supplemented, and the features of the culm leaf ligule, and foliage leaf auricle and ligule were refined. Morphological information of the culm leaf auricle, and foliage leaf auricle and ligule of M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus were supplemented. The results were as follows:(1)Phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA sequences indicated that M. scandens and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus formed monophyletic clades with high support value, respectively; whereas in the plastid genome phylogenetic tree, the individuals of these two species were polyphyletic, possibly due to incomplete lineage sorting in this group.(2)Supplementary description of M. scandens: culm leaf ligules entire or dentate; foliage leaf auricles tiny or absent, oral setae present; upper margin of foliage leaf ligule ciliate; pseudospikelets clustered on nodes; florets 4-6 with the apex one sterile; glumes 2-4; lemma glabrous, 15-veined; palea slightly bifid apically, 2-keeled, keels with white cilia; lodicules 3; stamens 6; ovary ovate, style 1, stigmas 3, white, plumose.(3)Complementary description of M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus: culm leaf auricles linear or absent; ligules conspicuous, margin long fimbriate; foliage leaf auricles linear or absent; ligules conspicuous, margins dentate when fimbriae deciduous later. The study confirms that the feasibility of comprehensively utilizing plastid genomes and nrDNA sequences for species identification in the genus Melocalamus. The supplementary descriptions of inflorescence and vegetative organ morphology provide a more comprehensive taxonomic basis for the accurate identification of M. scandens and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus.]]> 2026/3/7 21:10:46 *]]> HE Shunshun, LI Cheng, ZHANG Chao, ZHANG Yuxiao^* 1true