Paris polyphylla seeds, different stages of the germination process were divided based on the seed embryo morphology and the changing rules in endogenous hormone content and related enzyme activities were analyzed at different stages. The results were as follows:(1)The germination process of the seeds could be divided into eight stages based on seed embryo morphology: non-germinating embryo stage(S1), heart-shaped embryo stage(S2), embryo swelling stage(S3), radicle not breaking through seed coat stage(S4), cotyledon petiole elongation and radicle breaking through seed coat stages(S5), lower hypocotyl breaking through seed coat stage(S6), upper hypocotyl elongation stage(S7), and radicle elongation stage(S8).(2)The α-amylase activity in the seeds was significantly higher than β-amylase activity at all germination stages.(3)Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity was the highest at stage S5 and the lowest at stage S1; peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT)activities generally increased with seed germination progress; soluble protein content initially decreased and then increased with seed germination progress.(4)The contents of hormones such as indoleacetic acid(IAA), gibberellin(GA₃), abscisic acid(ABA), and salicylic acid(SA)decreased overall, while 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid(ACC), jasmonic acid(JA), brassinolides(BRs)increased overall during seed germination. Cytokinins(CTKs)content showed no significant change. The ratios of IAA/ABA and GA₃/ABA decreased initially and then increased, while CTKs/ABA continuously increased with seed germination progress.(5)The contents of ABA, IAA, GA₃ were negatively correlated with embryo rate, while ACC, JA, BRs, POD, CAT, and β-amylase activity were positively correlated with embryo rate. In conclusion, the germination process of the seeds can be subdivided into eight stages based on seed embryo morphology, with varying endogenous hormone content and related enzyme activities at different stages. The activities of α-amylase and POD may be related to radicle elongation, while GA₃ may affect the embryo formation, and ABA may inhibit the growth and development of the embryo.]]> 2024/7/4 22:07:05 1, LU Qinpei¹, WANG Debao³, ZHU Dan¹, ZHU Kaiming¹, HUANG Xuejing¹, GUO Hongwei^1,2*]]> KANG Liang¹, LU Qinpei¹, WANG Debao³, ZHU Dan¹, ZHU Kaiming¹, HUANG Xuejing¹, GUO Hongwei^1,2* 8true Bletilla striata in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and to screen resistance resources for B. striata, the rust pathogen was isolated from infected leaves of B. striata and identified using morphology and molecular methods. At the same time, the resistance of 23 B. striata from different regions was evaluated by artificial inoculation of pathogen. The results were as follows:(1)The urediopores of strain X2 isolated from diseased leaves in B. striata were golden yellow, oval,(21.43-30.95)μm ×(13.10-19.05)μm. The teleutospores were golden yellow, obovate or clavate,(17.25-30)μm ×(5.5-6.65)μm.(2)The length of ITS sequence of strain X2(OQ826009)was 689 bp, which were compared with other ITS sequences in the GenBank, and the similarity reached 95.86% compared with Coleosporium sp.(KY783686.1). But the phylogenetic tree showed that the sequence was clustered together with two sequences of Coleosporium bletiae (MN108161.1, OP363680.1). The strain X2 was identified as Coleosporium bletiae by combining morphology and molecular methods.(3)After 14 days of artificial inoculation with strain X2, the disease index of 23 Bletilla striata ranged from 0 to 70.7. And the resistance of strain X2 from 23 B. striata were divided into six different levels according to the disease index. Among them, one immune materials was identified for the disease index was 0. Four highly resistant materials were identified for the disease index was 1.7-4.7. Six disease-resistant materials were identified for the disease index was 5.6-9.4. Five medium-resistant materials were identified for the disease index was 12.7-18.3. Five susceptible materials were identified for the disease index was 32.0-49.1 and two highly susceptible materials were identified for the disease index was 62.2-70.7. In conclusion, five materials(one immune material and four highly resistant materials)of B. striata from different places(Honghe City in Yunnan Province, Gongcheng County and Baise City in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Zunyi City in Guizhou Province and Yichang City in Hubei Province, respectively)can be promoted directly or applied as parent materials for creating excellent germplasm to resist the rust in B. striata for they express immune or highly resistance. This study provides the basis for further research on pathogenesis and control of rust in B. striata.]]> 2024/7/4 22:07:05 1, MA Xiaoya^1,2, XIA Ke¹, LU Xi^1,2, LIU Qiao¹, ZHAO Zhiguo¹, ZHENG Wenjun^2*, QIU Shuo^1*]]> WU Qiaofen¹, MA Xiaoya^1,2, XIA Ke¹, LU Xi^1,2, LIU Qiao¹, ZHAO Zhiguo¹, ZHENG Wenjun^2*, QIU Shuo^1* 7true Panax japonicus var. major, P. japonicus var. bipinnatifidus, P. pseudoginseng var. elegantior in Qinba Mountains, we analysed the chloroplast genome characteristics and codon usage preferences by using bioinformatics techniques. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genomes of three species of Panax were typical tetrad structure, the genome full size was between 156 071 to 156 104 bp, and the total GC-content was 38.10% with a high degree of genome size similarity.(2)A total of 133 coding genes were annotated, including 88 protein coding genes(PCGs), 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes with a high degree of genome size similarity.(3)The chloroplast codon usage preferences of the three medicinal plants were comparable, with the third base of codon predominantly ending in A/U. Despite being affected by mutations, the codon usage patterns of the three medicinal plants were found to be mainly influenced by natural selection.(4)The phylogenetic results showed that the three Panax species were closely related, and P. pseudoginseng var. elegantior was more closely related to P. japonicus var. bipinnatifidus. In conclusion, this study presents a significant relationship between P. pseudoginseng var. elegantior and the original pharmacopeial plants of P. japonicus var. major. This finding has great importance for the development, utilization, and molecular identification of traditional Chinese medicinal material resources from P. japonicus var. major, and provides an important basis for further studies on the classification, phylogeny and evolutionary mechanisms of Panax species.]]> 2024/7/4 22:07:05 1,2, MA Nan^1,2, YE Yihan^1,2, LIU Yixin¹, TAN Qiyi¹, CHEN Ying^1,2, ZHANG Yuqu^1,2, YANG Xinjie^1,2*]]> PENG Yidan^1,2, MA Nan^1,2, YE Yihan^1,2, LIU Yixin¹, TAN Qiyi¹, CHEN Ying^1,2, ZHANG Yuqu^1,2, YANG Xinjie^1,2* 6true 1H- and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS), and comparison of their spectroscopic data with previously reported data. The lignans were identified as 7″,8″-threo-buddlenol D(1), buddlenol D(2), 7″,8″-threo-buddlenol C(3), buddlenol C(4),(+)-syringaresinol(5), epipinoresinol(6), pinoresinol(7), 1-acetoxyl-2e,6e-dipiperonyl-3,7-dioxabicyclo-[3,3,0]-octane(8), ciwujiatone(9), lariciresinol-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(10), rel-(2α,3β)-7-O-methylcedrusin(11), and dihydrodehydrodiconiferyl-alcohol 4'-O-β-D-glucoside(12). All compounds were isolated from M. paxii for the first time. Some lignans have good pharmacological activities such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-virus. The results of this study show that the leaves of M. paxii are rich in lignans with good activity, indicating that its good medicinal value may be related to these lignans.]]> 2024/7/4 22:07:05 1,2, REN Chenyang^1,2, HUANG Yan^1,2, PAN Liwei^1,2, PENG Liuting^1,2, GAN Chunqiu^1,2, LI Jun^1,2*]]> HOU Ping^1,2, REN Chenyang^1,2, HUANG Yan^1,2, PAN Liwei^1,2, PENG Liuting^1,2, GAN Chunqiu^1,2, LI Jun^1,2* 5true Chloranthus henryi and their antitumor activities in vitro. The chemical constituents of ethyl acetate fraction, extracted with 95% ethanol from C. henryi were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, reversed phase column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and preparation liquid chromatography, and their structures were identified by the physicochemical properties, spectral data combined with relevant literatures. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated by MTT method. The results were as follows:(1)Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as pipercyclobutanamide C(1), chololactone A(2), sarcanolide B(3), oxacol A(4), chloramultiol D(5), chlorasessilifol B(6), chlorajaponol(7), tianmushanol(8), spicachlorantins B(9), spicachlorantins A(10), serrachlorin A(11), chloramultiols A(12). Among them, Compound 1 was identified as a new compound, and except for Compound 8, all the other compounds were isolated from the C. henryi for the first time.(2)The cytotoxic activity test results showed that only compounds 2 and 7 had good inhibitory effects on HeLa cells in vitro, while the other compounds showed no inhibition effects. The IC₅₀ of the two compounds were(4.50±0.27)μmol·L^-1 and(4.25±0.08)μmol·L^-1 respectively. In conclusion, the study enriches the chemical constituents of C. henryi, and provides a reference for the further exploration and utilization of this Chloranthus herb plants.]]> 2024/7/4 22:07:05 1, ZHU Chengguang^{1, 2}, LIANG Wei¹, YAN Chen^1*]]> ZHANG Weiqing¹, ZHU Chengguang^{1, 2}, LIANG Wei¹, YAN Chen^1* 4true + radical scavenging rate, and Fe³⁺ ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP). And then, the contents of 15 phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activities between two kinds of Hawk tea of different maturity levels were analyzed by analysis of variance(ANOVA). Based on the contents of 15 phenolic compounds, hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA), principal component analysis(PCA), and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA)were used to classify two kinds of Hawk tea. Finally, the contribution of different phenolic compounds in Hawk tea to antioxidation was discussed by partial least square regression analysis(PLSR). The results were as follows:(1)The contents of catechin, p-coumaric acid, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, nicotiflorin, astragalin, kaempferol, quercetin, and afzelin in tender leaf tea were significantly higher than those in old leaf tea, among which the average contents of catechin, isoquercitrin, and astragalin were higher than those in old leaf tea by 1 039.43, 169.12 and 257.35 mg·100 g^-1, respectively. The results of HCA, PCA, and OPLS-DA could distinguish two kinds of Hawk tea.(2)The ANOVA showed significant differences in DPPH radical scavenging rate, ABTS⁺ radical scavenging rate, and FRAP between two kinds of tea, with the tender leaf tea superior to the old leaf tea.(3)The PLSR suggested that isoquercitrin, catechin, astragalin, chlorogenic acid, hyperoside, p-coumaric acid, and kaempferol were the main phenolic compounds those contributed to the antioxidant activity of Hawk tea. This study can provide a reference for Hawk tea's quality control and application promotion.]]> 2024/7/4 22:07:05 1,2, SHAO Qiju³, WU Qimei³, LI Ying³, LI Wenyang¹, FANG Cancan¹, XIAO Shiji³, CHEN Rongxiang^1*]]> LI Zhirong^1,2, SHAO Qiju³, WU Qimei³, LI Ying³, LI Wenyang¹, FANG Cancan¹, XIAO Shiji³, CHEN Rongxiang^1* 3true Panax japonicus var. major is called “Zhuzishen Ye”, it is a characteristic Chinese herbal medicine in Qinba area. In order to rationally develop and utilize “Zhuzishen Ye” and clarify its chemical constituents, the main chemical constituents of the saponin fractions from “Zhuzishen Ye” were analyzed with HPLC, the inhibitory activities and inhibition types of the saponin fractions of “Zhuzishen Ye” on lipase were determined, and the lipase inhibition mechanisms and hypolipidemic effects were verified with molecular docking and animal experiments. The results were as follows:(1)The chemical constituents of saponin fractions from “Zhuzishen Ye” were 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg₂, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₂, ginsenoside Rb₂, ginsenoside Rb₃, ginsenoside Rd and ginsenoside Rh₂.(2)The saponin fractions of “Zhuzishen Ye” and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₂ had strong inhibitory effects on lipase with IC₅₀ values of 0.14 and 2.30 μmol·L^-1, respectively.(3)The saponin fractions of “Zhuzishen Ye”, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg₂ and ginsenoside Rb₃ were all reversible inhibition, and the inhibition type was non-competitive inhibition.(4)The binding of ligands to ARG337B, ASP331B and ILE248B residues might help to improve the lipase inhibitory activity of ligands.(5)Saponins of “Zhuzishen Ye” could significantly reduce the content of cholesterol and triglyceride in serum of hyperlipidemia mice. This study provides the theoretical references for the further development and utilization of “Zhuzishen Ye”.]]> 2024/7/4 22:07:05 1,2, MENG Lingru^1,2, HE Miao^1,2, HUANG Wenli^1,2, DAN Linwei^1,2, XU Hong^1,2, DENG Chong^1,2, ZHANG Huawei^1,2, JIANG Yi^1,2*, SONG Xiaomei^1,2]]> ZHENG Huachan^1,2, MENG Lingru^1,2, HE Miao^1,2, HUANG Wenli^1,2, DAN Linwei^1,2, XU Hong^1,2, DENG Chong^1,2, ZHANG Huawei^1,2, JIANG Yi^1,2*, SONG Xiaomei^1,2 2true Ludwigia octovalvis, the 80% ethanol extract from L.octovalvis was isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, Flash C₁₈ and semi-preparative liquid chromatography, and the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data. The cytotoxic activity of the isolates were evaluated by MTS method. The results were as follows:(1)Twenty compounds were isolated from L. octovalvis, and their structures were identified as(-)-lyoniresinol(1), 8,8'-bisdihydrosiringenin(2), 5-methoxy-(-)-isolariciresinol(3),(-)-isolariciresinol(4), 3,4'-di-O-methylellagic acid(5), 3,3',4'-tri-O-methylellagic acid(6), 1,3,6-tri-O-galloyl-β-glucospyranose(7), corilagin(8), methyl gallate(9), ethyl gallate(10), terminaliate A(11), syringic acid(12), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone(13), luteolin(14), kaempferol(15), 5,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavone(16), nobiletin(17), tangeretin(18), α-tocopherolquinone(19), 5-O-(E)-p-coumaroyl quinic acid ethyl ester(20). Compounds 1-5, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16-20 were isolated from Ludwigia for the first time. Compounds 6, 9, 10, 12, 15 were isolated from this plant for the first time.(2)Compound 19 showed inhibitory activity against the leukemia HL-60 with the IC₅₀ value of 10.31 μmol·L^-1. Compounds 6-8, 19 showed inhibitory activity against the lung cancer cells A549 with the IC₅₀ values of 25.82, 42.05, 36.94, 17.54 μmol·L^-1, respectively. Compounds 6, 7, 11, 14, 19 showed inhibitory activity against the liver cancer SMMC-7721 with the IC₅₀ values of 24.24, 26.35, 26.51, 33.34, 20.44 μmol·L^-1, respectively. Compounds 6, 19 showed inhibitory activity against the breast cancer MDA-MB-231 with the IC₅₀ values of 34.91, 21.13 μmol·L^-1, respectively. Compounds 6, 7, 19 showed inhibitory activity against the colon cancer SW480 with the IC₅₀ values of 36.03, 39.97, 5.52 μmol·L^-1, respectively. The results of this study enrich the chemical constituents of L. octovalvis and provide a basis for the development of anti-tumor activity.]]> 2024/7/4 22:07:05 *]]> ZENG Yuxian, LIAO Guangfeng, LI Jinling, LI Min, LI Bing, ZHU Xiaoyong, LU Rumei^* 1true