Saposhnikovia divaricata. Silica gel, ODS and HPLC, etc. were utilized for the separation and purification of the 70% ethanol extract. The structures of the isolated compounds were characterized by integrating physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data including ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, and MS. Their inhibitory activity of the compounds on nitric oxide(NO)was determined by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cell model. The results were as follow:(1)Fifteen compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Saposhnikovia divaricata. They were identified as gingerglycolipid A(1),(E)-2-hexenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),(Z)-3-hexenyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(3), hexyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(4), sachalinoside B(5), 5β,6α-dihydroxy-3β-(β-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-7-megastigmen-9-one(6), phenethyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(7), ethylgallate(8), vanillic acid(9), grasshopper ketone(10), 2-ethoxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethanol(11), 2-methoxy-2-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol(12), 1,2,3,4, 6-penta-O-gally-β-D-glucopyranose(13),(-)-angelica angellinol-2-O-β-D-furan celery glycosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(14),(9Z,12Z)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)octadeca-9,12-dienamide(15). Among them, compounds 1-5 and 7-10 were isolated from plants of the Umbelliferae for the first time, and compounds 11-15 were discovered from plants of the Saposhnikovia genus for the first time.(2)In vitro anti-inflammatory activity experiments were conducted on compounds 1-15. The results showed that compounds 1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 12 and 14 could inhibit the release of NO from RAW 264.7 cells induced by LPS.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:56 1, ZHOU Shuxin¹, ZHOU Luyao¹, LIN Yuxuan¹, LIU Shuang¹, ZHANG Qian¹, SUN Yan¹, CHEN Qingshan², ZHANG Lili², KUANG Haixue¹, LIU Yan¹, YANG Bingyou^1*]]> LIU Zhenqiang¹, ZHOU Shuxin¹, ZHOU Luyao¹, LIN Yuxuan¹, LIU Shuang¹, ZHANG Qian¹, SUN Yan¹, CHEN Qingshan², ZHANG Lili², KUANG Haixue¹, LIU Yan¹, YANG Bingyou^1* 33true Sanghuangporus sanghuang, to purify total triterpenes, and to analyze its chemical components, as well as its antitumor and antioxidant activities. The response surface method was used to optimize the extraction process of total triterpenes from S. sanghuang. D101 macroporous resin and Sephadex LH-20 chromatography were used to purify total triterpenes. Meanwhile UHPLC-ESI-MS technology was used to analyze the component of triterpenes. The antitumor and antioxidant activities of total triterpenes were studied by the methods of CCK8, DPPH and ABTS. The results were as follows:(1)The optimal conditions were extraction time 55 min, extraction temperature 45 ℃, ethanol concentration 75% and liquid-solid ratio of 35:1(mL·g^-1). Under these conditions, the total triterpenes content was 10.34 mg·g^-1.(2)The purity of Fraction a(Fa)was increased by 3.8 times to 47.98%. Eight triterpene components were identified from Fa, those were glycyrrhetinic acid, obakunone, ursolic acid, euphol, 24, 25-dihydrolanosterol, soyasaponin B, lanosterol and maslinic acid.(3)The inhibition rate of Fa on PC3 was 68.65% at 200 μg·mL^-1, which was higher than that of 5-fluorouracil(66.30%). Fa exhibited high DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging capacities, and scavenging rates with IC₅₀ values of 42.76 μg·mL^-1 and 66.24 μg·mL^-1, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research and utilization of total triterpenes from S. sanghuang.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:56 1,2, FU Xinyao¹, GUO Tong¹, ZHANG Wanyue¹, ZHAO Qingsheng³, KONG Zejuan⁴, CHENG Hua^4*, SONG Heng⁵]]> LIU Kun^1,2, FU Xinyao¹, GUO Tong¹, ZHANG Wanyue¹, ZHAO Qingsheng³, KONG Zejuan⁴, CHENG Hua^4*, SONG Heng⁵ 32true Curcuma kwangsiensis in Qinzhou City, Guangxi, and to explore its biological characteristics and to screen out effective reagents. In this study, pathogens were isolated from infected leaves by conventional tissue separation method, pathogenicity was determined based on Koch's rule, and their classification status was determined by morphological characteristics of the pathogen combined with the analysis ITS and TUB gene sequences. At the same time, biological characteristics of the pathogen and sensitivities of four reagents were studied by mycelium growth rate measurement method. The results were as follows:(1)Diaporthe phaseolorum was identified as the pathogen causing leaf blight of Curcuma kwangsiensis in Guangxi based on the characteristics of pathogen colony, spore morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis.(2)The most suitable medium for growth of the pathogen was PDA, and the best carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and peptone, respectively. The temperature between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃ was favorable for mycelium growth, and the lethal temperature was 56 ℃. pH 5-7 was favorable for mycelial growth. Full light was favorable for mycelial growth.(3)The results of the virulence test showed that all the four fungicides tested showed strong inhibitory activity against C. kwangsiensis leaf blight. Among them, and 250 g·L^-1 pyraclostrobin EC and 75% oximme·pentazolol WG showed the best inhibitory effect, with EC₅₀ values of 0.055 0 μg·L^-1 and 0.121 6 μg·mL^-1, respectively. In conclusion, the pathogen of leaf blight of C. kwangsiensis belongs to Diaporthe phaseolorum. The mycelial growth of D. phaseolorum is significantly affected by temperature, light, pH, carbon and nitrogen source conditions, and 250 g·L^-1 pyraclostrobin EC and 75% oximme·pentazolol WG can be used as candidate reagents to control leaf blight. The results provide theoretical guidance for effective prevention and control of leaf blight of C. kwangsiensis in Guangxi.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:56 *, WEI Shugen, SHI Lijun, LIN Wei, HUANG Qi, YAN Zhigang]]> SONG Lisha, JIANG Ni, QIU Zhuoqiu, ZHAN Xinjie, ZHANG Zhanjiang^*, WEI Shugen, SHI Lijun, LIN Wei, HUANG Qi, YAN Zhigang 31true Murraya tetramera, and to establish a scientific cultivation system and harvesting system. This study used non-targeted metabolomics to analyze the new and old leaves of M. tetramera, the inter-group differences of metabolites were analyzed by principal component analysis(PCA)and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA), and the method of combining the fold change, the P value of the t-test and the VIP-value of the OPLS-DA model were adopted to screen for differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs). The results were as follows:(1)A total of 850 DAMs were screened, of which 426 DAMs were highly expressed in old leaves and 424 DAMs were highly expressed in new leaves.(2)The scrcened DAMs were classified into 41 categories, among which carboxylic acids and their derivatives, fatty acyls, orgdnic oxygen compounds, benzene and substituted derivatives, flavonoids and organonitrogen compounds were more abundant.(3)Pathway enrichment analysis by KEGG showed that the differential metabolites were significantly enriched in 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, purine metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate acid metabolism. The KEGG pathway enriched by DAMs expressed at higher levels in old leaf was significantly different from that enriched by DAMs expressed at higher levels in new leaf.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:56 1, XING Qinqin², BU Jiahao², HAN Wenjun², ZHOU Tao^2,3*]]> CAO Jingxiao¹, XING Qinqin², BU Jiahao², HAN Wenjun², ZHOU Tao^2,3* 30true Argyreia pierreana and their cytotoxic activities, the compounds were isolated and purified using methods including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, C₁₈ medium and low pressure column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of the compounds were identified through a combination method of physicochemical properties, spectral data and compared with literature references. The isolated compounds were tested for their proliferation inhibition effects on tumour cells using MTS method. The results were as follows:(1)Twelve compounds were isolated from the A. pierreana and identified as argypierin A(1), 4'-hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-6-(3-methyl-butenyl)-isoflavone(2), 2-hydroxy-3-methyl anthraquinone(3), rubiadin(4), rubiadin-1-methyl ether(5), grossamide(6), methyl 1,4-di-O-caffeoylquinate(7), 3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester(8), 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid methyl ester(9), 3,5-di-O-caffeoyl quinic ethyl ester(10), ω-hydroxypropioguaiacone(11), C-veratrylglycol(12). Among them, Compound 1 was a new compound. Compounds 2-7, 10-12 were isolated from A. pierreana for the first time. Compounds 2-7, 11, 12 were isolated from the genus of Argyreia for the first time.(2)The results of cytotoxic activity evaluation showed Compound 6 had good cytotoxic activities against leukemia HL-60, breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and colon cancer SW480 tumor cell lines with IC₅₀ values of(10.89±0.37),(16.37±1.13),(17.35±0.44)μmol·L^-1, respectively.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:56 *]]> TENG Mingxue, LIAO Guangfeng, LI Yunqing, ZHONG Jinming, HUANG Chenghong, LIU Jiayi, LU Rumei^* 29true psbA-trnH barcode was used to identify the species of the experimental materials and the neighbor-joining method was used to construct a phylogeny tree to analyze the genetic relationship of them. The volatile components from the leaves of 27 aromatic plants was extracted by n-Hexane and analyzed by GC-MS. The volatile components were identified and compared by mass spectrum library, retention time and literature searchers. The results were as follows:(1)Among the 27 aromatic plants, 64 volatile terpenoids were detected.(2)Mentha &#215; piperita ‘Champagne Mint' contained the most species composition,which was 11, followed by Lavandula dentata(9), Rosmarinus officinalis (9).(3)β-caryophyllene and(-)-germacrene D were common components of 14 and 15 plants, respectively. To some extent, the main components of the Lamiaceae aromatic plants of the same genus are similar. The type of volatile terpenes contained in the closely related aromatic plants in Lamiaceae family are also similar. This study not only provides the reference for the utilization and development of aromatic plants of Lamiaceae family, but also provides the basis for the metabolism study of plant terpenes.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:57 1, SHEN Qi¹, ZOU Xiuzai¹, LI Chunyu¹, ZHANG Yuxuan¹, PAN Qiqu², CHEN Shengwen^2*]]> WEN Meijuan¹, SHEN Qi¹, ZOU Xiuzai¹, LI Chunyu¹, ZHANG Yuxuan¹, PAN Qiqu², CHEN Shengwen^2* 28true Illicium verum, various chromatography techniques, like silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and HPLC, etc., were used to isolate and purify chemical constituents of I. verum fruits. The structures of the isolates were identified using physicochemical constants, spectral data, and references. DPPH method was used to evaluate antioxidant activities of compounds. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 23 compounds were isolated and identified as 1-hydroxy-1-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-2-one(1), ethyl 5-(acetyloxy)-3,4-dihydroxy-1-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate(2), isoshonanin(3), yunnanensin A(4), isolariciresinol-9-acetate(5), isolariciresinol-9'-acetate(6), kinsenone(7), p-hydroxycinnamic acid(8), vitexin(9), apigenin-7-O-rutinoside(10), quercetin(11),(2E, 4Z)-abscisic acid(12), paratrimerins H(13), 1-(4-ethylphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol(14), maltol(15), syringic acid(16), shikimic acid(17), shikimic acid ethyl ester(18), shikimic acid n-butyl ester(19), protocatechuic acid(20), protocatechuic acid methyl ester(21), protocatechuic acid ethyl ester(22)and protocatechuic acid butyl ester(23). Among with, compounds 1 and 2 were new natural products, compounds 1-10, 13-15, 19, and 21-23 were isolated from Illicium for the first time, while compounds 12 and 18 were isolated from I. verum for the first time.(2)Compounds 11, 16, and 21-23 exhibited stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity than the positive control(VC), IC₅₀ values of five compounds were(60.15±1.72),(35.51±0.50),(52.25±0.73),(33.34±0.94),(30.29±0.67)μmol·L^-1, respectively. This study reveals the chemical constituents of I. verum, and provides a reference for indepth research on the antioxidant activity of I. verum.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:57 *]]> WANG Yimou, CHEN Zhangxian, SHEN Xiaojiang, ZHU Kuilin, DONG Weimao, YIN Rui, HE Hongping, DONG Fawu^* 27true Zanthoxylum nitidum, Calophyllum membranaceum, Ardisia crenata, A. villosa, Justicia ventricosa, and J. gendarussa, showed the highest levels of knowledge consistency and were the most commonly used medicinal plants for treating injuries locally. This study suggests that the inheritance and sustainable development of traditional knowledge regarding medicinal plants for traumatic injuries in the area.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:57 1, FU Qiongyao¹, SHAO Min¹, QIN Yixin², LUO Binsheng^2*]]> LIUFU Yongqing¹, FU Qiongyao¹, SHAO Min¹, QIN Yixin², LUO Binsheng^2* 26true Zanthoxylum nitidum, Calophyllum membranaceum, Ardisia crenata, A. villosa, Justicia ventricosa, and J. gendarussa, showed the highest levels of knowledge consistency and were the most commonly used medicinal plants for treating injuries locally. This study suggests that the inheritance and sustainable development of traditional knowledge regarding medicinal plants for traumatic injuries in the area.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:57 1, FU Qiongyao¹, SHAO Min¹, QIN Yixin², LUO Binsheng^2*]]> LIUFU Yongqing¹, FU Qiongyao¹, SHAO Min¹, QIN Yixin², LUO Binsheng^2* 25true Ludwigia adscendens and their cytotoxic activities. Silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, Flash C₁₈ and semi-preparative liquid chromatography were used to separate the chemical constituents of L. adscendens. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral methods such as MS and NMR, and the inhibitory activity of monomeric compounds on the proliferation of five types of tumor cells were detected by MTS method. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 15 compounds were isolated from L. adscendens and identified as coumurrayin(1), sibirinol(2), toddanone(3), toddalolactone(4), galgravin(5), saurufurin C(6), futoquinol(7), hancinone C(8), denudatin B(9), myricitrin(10), desmanthine-2(11), kaempferol(12), tricin(13), myricetin(14), and 3,4'-dimethoxy-5,7,3'-trihydroxyflavone(15). Compounds 1-9, 11, and 13-15 were isolated from Ludwigia for the first time.(2)Compound 6 showed significant inhibitory activity against human leukemia HL-60, non-small cell lung cancer A549, liver cancer SMMC-7721, breast cancer MDA-MB-231, and colon cancer SW480, with the IC₅₀ values of 14.40, 27.35, 12.19, 31.67, and 33.53 μmol·L^-1, respectively. Compounds 11, 12, 15 showed inhibitory effects on human liver cancer SMMC-7721 with the IC₅₀ values of 31.61, 30.71, and 9.17 μmol·L^-1, respectively. This study enriches the chemical constituents of Ludwigia and provides the reference for further research on the antitumor activity of L. adscendens.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:57 *]]> LI Jinling, LIAO Guangfeng, YU Qifang, XIE Dajing, CHEN Lian, ZHANG Jinyan, LU Rumei^* 24true Potentilla kleiniana belongs to the family Rosaceae, which distributes in Central Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia. In China, this plant is mainly found in east, south and southwest provinces. P. kleiniana has been prescribed for the treatment of various diseases in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, such as cough, fever, tuberculosis, mastitis, rheumatoid arthritis. Our previous study found that P. kleiniana had a certain cytotoxicity on tumor cells, and 28 compounds were isolated and identified from P. kleiniana, some of which were cytotoxic to tumor cells. In order to further study the chemical constituents of P. kleiniana and their cytotoxicity, 60% ethanol extract of P. kleiniana were isolated by D-101 macroporous adsorptive resins, silica gel, ODS, Toyopearl HW-40, Sephadex LH-20 and other methods. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data. Meanwhile, all these compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against human cervical cancer cell line Hela. The results were as follows:(1)Fifteen triterpenoids were isolated and identified as ursolic acid(1), 3β-O-acetyl pomolic acid(2), 2-oxopomolic acid(3), pomolic acid(4), fupenzic acid(5), euscaphic acid(6), tormentic acid(7), 2α-hydroxyursolic acid(8), rosamultin(9), asiaticoside A(10), hederagenin(11), maslinic acid(12), arjunic acid(13), glycyrrhetinic acid(14), glycyrrhizic acid(15). Among them, compounds 10, 11, 13-15 were isolated from genus Potentilla for the first time, and compounds 2-5, 9 and 12 were isolated from P. kleiniana for the first time.(2)Cytotoxicity activity studies showed that compounds 1, 2, 4, 6, 12 display certain inhibitory activities against Hela cells with half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC₅₀)values of(34.14±1.04)、(86.43±2.01)、(14.05±0.91)、(34.45±1.67)、(28.76±2.18)μmol·L^-1, respectively. Thus, the study enriches the chemical constituents of P. kleiniana, and provides experimental basis for the development of anti-cervical cancer drugs.]]> 2025/3/10 0:00:00 1,2, JIN Qianqian³, CHEN Tingting^1,2, LI Li³, SUN Xu⁴, LIU Jia^1,2, LI Yongjun³, LI Yue^1,2*]]> ZHANG Bao^1,2, JIN Qianqian³, CHEN Tingting^1,2, LI Li³, SUN Xu⁴, LIU Jia^1,2, LI Yongjun³, LI Yue^1,2* 23true Eucalyptus robusta with excellent antibacterial, the study focused on the leaves of four E. robusta families in Nanning and Wuxuan. Fresh leaves of 5-year-old E. robusta were collected for steam distillation essential oil extraction. The chemical components of the essential oils were identified, and their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi were measured. The extracted oil yield, component differences among families, regional response of family essential oils, and effects of essential oil components on antibacterial activity were explored. The results were as follows:(1)The essential oils of four families of E. robusta were mainly composed of 73.695% to 84.535% monoterpenoids with the main components being pinene, phellandrene and p-cymene. The α-pinene content in the family 1 content can reach up to 41.629%, Common components among E. robusta families included α-pinene, β-pinene, α-phellandrene, d-limonene, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, 4-terpineol, and α-terpineol. The 1,8-cineole chemotype of E.robusta had a low oil production rate.(2)The leaf essential oils of different E. robusta families had different responses to environmental changes. α-phellandrene, 1,8-cineole, d-limonene, α-terpineol and p-cymene were correlation components.(3)E. robusta essential oil exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, and S. typhi. Notably, family 3 of E. robusta showed higher activity against S. typhi than streptomycin. However, no antibacterial ability against P. aeruginosa was observed. An increase in alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes was beneficial for improving its antibacterial activity. In conclusion, E. robusta essential oil is mainly composed of monoterpenoids. Certain essential oil components are correlated, and there are common components among families. Increasing alcohols, ketones, and aldehydes is beneficial for improving the antibacterial activity of E. robusta essential oil. However, the 1,8-cineole chemotype of E. robusta has a low oil production rate, indicating a need for further breeding efforts. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of E. robusta essential oil and their application in spices or medicine.]]> 2025/3/10 0:00:00 1,2, ZHU Hui², WEI Yinzhou³, GUO Dongqiang², YANG Mei^1*]]> LIANG Shenghuan^1,2, ZHU Hui², WEI Yinzhou³, GUO Dongqiang², YANG Mei^1* 22true Bothriospermum zeylanicum, the compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction by ODS reversed phase column chromatography, high-pressure preparative liquid chromatography and other methods. MS, NMR and other spectroscopic were used to identify the structure of the compounds. And then the effects of the compounds on the proliferation of human colorectal cancer cells(SW620, HT-29)and human normal colon epithelial cells(NCM460 )were detected by CCK8 method. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 12 compounds were identified from the ethyl acetate fraction of B. zeylanicum, including fumaric acid(1), protocatechuic acid(2), monomethyl fumarate(3), 3,4, α-trihydroxymethylphenyl propionate(4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid(5), echiumin A(6), echiumin B(7),(+)-isolariciresinol-2a-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(8), p-coumaroyl-α-L-rhamnopyranoside(9), p-coumaric acid(10),(-)-5-methoxyisolariciresinol-3α-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(11), rupestrin B(12). Compounds 1-12 were isolated from B. zeylanicum for the first time.(2)Compounds 8 and 12 showed a certain inhibitory effect on the proliferation of SW620 cells, with IC₅₀ values of(9.34±1.10)μmol·L^-1 and(0.33±0.06)μmol·L^-1, respectively. Compound 12 showed a certain inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HT-29 cells, with IC₅₀ value of(15.94±1.56)μmol·L^-1. This finding enriches the chemical constituents of B. zeylanicum, and it further clarifies its anti-colorectal cancer activity constituents and which provides a reference for the development and utilization of B. zeylanicum.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:57 1, CHAI Ling², LIN Xiao^3*, SHANG Xun¹, GE Zhumei¹, WAN Guangwen¹]]> ZHAO Xiaochao¹, CHAI Ling², LIN Xiao^3*, SHANG Xun¹, GE Zhumei¹, WAN Guangwen¹ 21true Gymnadenia orchidis, an in vitro study was conducted to evaluate its antioxidant activity and antitumor activity using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), biochemical analysis, and the MTT method. The results were as follows:(1)Gastrodin was discovered in the alcohol extract from G. orchidis, with a mass fraction of 2.5 mg·g^-1. The concentration of gastrodin in the alcohol extract was 0.25%.(2)The alcohol extract from G. orchidis demonstrates a significant scavenging capacity towards hydroxyl radicals, ABTS⁺ radicals, and DPPH radicals. The efficacy of the alcohol extract from G. orchidis becomes more pronounced with an increase in concentration, exhibiting a concentration-dependent response. The alcohol extract from G. orchidis demonstrates the most substantial scavenging capacity at a concentration of 2.0 mg·mL^-1,the scavenging rates for hydroxyl radical, ABTS⁺ radical, and DPPH radical were 81.68%, 19.94%, and 48.16%, respectively. In contrast, gastrodin solely exhibits scavenging activity towards hydroxyl radicals and lacks such activity towards ABTS⁺ and DPPH radicals.(3)The IC₅₀ of the 2.0 mg·mL^-1 alcohol extract from G. orchidis on SMMC-7721 and HepG-2 were 5.170 mg·mL^-1 and 4.551 mg·mL^-1, respectively. Similarly, the IC₅₀ of BGC-823 and MKN-45 were 1.759 mg·mL^-1 and 1.564 mg·mL^-1, respectively, while the IC₅₀ of MDA-MB-231 was 2.665 mg·mL^-1. Furthermore, the IC₅₀ of U251 was 4.401 mg·mL^-1. The alcohol extract from G. orchidis demonstrates significant inhibitory effects on SMMC-7721, HepG-2, BGC-823, MKN-45, MDA-MB-231, and U251 cells. Notably, the inhibitory effects on BGC-823 and MKN-45 were the most pronounced, suggesting that the antitumor activity of the alcohol extract from G. exhibits a wide range of efficacy. The findings of this research demonstrated that the alcohol extract from G. orchidis possesses antioxidant capabilities, and its ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species is more extensive than that of its antioxidant active component, gastrodiene. Given the correlation between reactive oxygen species and tumorigenesis, the alcohol extract from G. orchidis was discovered to possess significant anti-tumor characteristics, contributing to the synergistic effects of natural plants through its multiple components. The alcohol extract from G. orchidis effectively inhibited the proliferation of various tumor cells, particularly those of human gastric cancer.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:57 1, REN Yumin¹, TANG Xian¹, LI Jiuyi¹, MA Danwei^1,2*, NIE Shenming³]]> FAN Jingyu¹, REN Yumin¹, TANG Xian¹, LI Jiuyi¹, MA Danwei^1,2*, NIE Shenming³ 20true Dioscorea sp. Additionally, potential pathogenic fungi were isolated and identified. The results were as follows:( 1 )In rotting tubers of Dioscorea sp., the dominant phylum was Ascomycota, and prevalent fungal genera included Penicillium, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Talaromyces, Clonostachys, etc. The fungal ecological network exhibited a clear modular structure with a high ratio of positive correlation edges(99.33%), suggesting that positive cooperation was strengthen between different fungi.( 2 )FUNGuild analysis indicated that 10 guilds were highly correlated with yam tuber rot. Among these guilds, the relative abundances of dung saprotroph-undefined saprotroph-wood saprotroph and endophyte-plant pathogen were 33.74% and 23.64%, respectively, and the representative genera were Penicillium and Colletotrichum, respectively. Additionally, three guilds were related to both plant pathogen and wood saprotroph, and occupied 13.67% of the ecological functional groups. Moreover, Fusarium was representative genus of all three guilds. Traits analysis showed that seven genra of fungi(Penicillium, Fusarium, etc.)in the fungal community were probably invovled in yam tuber rot.( 3 )A total of 22 strains were isolated and belonged to 6 genera, including Fusarium( 9 strains ), Penicillium( 5 strains )and Aspergillus( 4 strains ), etc. This study provides reference for understanding the pathogenesis of tuber rot in Dioscorea sp., and for the selection of appropriate pesticides and biocontrol microbes.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:57 1, REN Xueyang¹, ZHANG Xiaoyi¹, WANG Ruifei^1,2, KONG Yingli¹, WANG Qiang^1,2, LI Mingjun¹, YANG Qingxiang^1,2*]]> ZHAN Liping¹, REN Xueyang¹, ZHANG Xiaoyi¹, WANG Ruifei^1,2, KONG Yingli¹, WANG Qiang^1,2, LI Mingjun¹, YANG Qingxiang^1,2* 19true Panax notoginseng is a precious traditional Chinese medicine, it faces the challenges of low reproduction rate and extinction of wild resources. In order to explore the characteristics of its flowering biology and breeding system, and to clarify the reasons for the low fruiting rate of P. notoginseng in the natural state. The paper investigated its flowering biological parameters, pollination system and artificial pollination. The results were as follows:(1)The single flower, inflorescence, and flowering period of the population, were approximately 4-5 d, 20-25 d and about 60 d, respectively.(2)P. notoginseng had the floral characteristics of herkogamy and dichogamy, which was protandrous type.(3)The pollen grains were medium-size and had three germinations holes.(4)P. notoginseng had the highest pollen viability on the first day of flowering, and the stigma had the highest acceptability on the 12th day.(5)The hybridization index(out-crossing index, OCI)was 4, the breeding system of P. notoginseng was mainly out-crossing type with partially self-compatible, which required pollinator and the pollen/ovule ratio ranged from 450.0 to 1 037.5, the breeding system was obligate out-crossing.(6)Pollination test showed that the breeding system was a mixed mating system with both self-pollination and out-crossing pollination, pollination was assisted by both insect and wind vectors.(7)The main flower-visiting insects were Apis cerana, Episyrphus balteatus and Riptortus pedestris. Apis cerana was dominant flower-visiting insect. Based on the above, the breeding system of Panax notoginseng belonged to the facultative out-crossing type, partially self-compatible, and insect-mediated pollination was critical, needing wind and insect pollinators. Pollen limitation and high disease severity at flowering and fruiting stage are the key factors affecting its fruitfulness. These results can provide theoretical basis for the cultivation and improving seed breeding of P. notoginseng.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:57 1,2,3, WANG Fugui^1,2,3, WANG Zaiwang^1,2,3, ZHANG Xiaoyu^1,2,3, YOU Guli⁴, YANG Shengchao^1,2, LIANG Yanli^1,2,3*]]> LI Kecheng^1,2,3, WANG Fugui^1,2,3, WANG Zaiwang^1,2,3, ZHANG Xiaoyu^1,2,3, YOU Guli⁴, YANG Shengchao^1,2, LIANG Yanli^1,2,3* 18true Andrographis paniculata, this study used a pot experiment in which A. paniculata was singly inoculated with Funneliformes mosseae(FM)and Diversespora diversiformis(DV)treatments, and their growth indexes, root morphology, physiological and biochemical indexes, and active ingredient contents were determined after inoculation for 30, 60, 90, and 120 d. The results were as follows:(1)Both AMFs could be well symbiotic with Andrographis paniculata, and at 120 d of inoculation, the infection rates of FM and DV were 76.76% and 90.09%, respectively, and the infection ability of DV was stronger.(2)Inoculation with AMF significantly increased the plant height, number of leaves, stem thickness, leaf area, and aboveground fresh weight of Andrographis paniculata, including 35.59%, 54.79%, 38.94%, 23.44%, and 37.51% in the DV group, respectively.(3)Root surface area, root volume, root tip and root fresh weight of the two treatment groups inoculated with AMF were significantly higher than those of the control group, in which the DV group increased by 28.43%, 26.82%, 18.54%, and 68.25%, respectively.(4)The malondialdehyde contents were significantly lower than those of the control group in both AMF-inoculated groups, and the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and root activity were significantly higher than those in the control group, in which the malondialdehyde content of the DV group was reduced by 18.87%, and the rest of physiological and biochemical indexes were increased by 70.77%, 12.51%, 24.78% and 48.91%, respectively.(5)The contents of andrographolide, neoandrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide, and dehydrated andrographolide in both treatment groups inoculated with AMF were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the contents of the aboveground active ingredients in the DV group were increased by 20.82%, 98.64%, 65.96%, and 61.57%, respectively. In conclusion, the inoculation of AMF can promote the development of root system of A. paniculata and then promote the nutritional growth of the plant, improve the biomass of harvested parts and the accumulation of active ingredient contents of the plant, among which the effect of Diversespora diversiformis promotion is better.]]> 2025/3/10 10:15:57 *]]> GU Yuanqin, ZHENG Jianyun, HUANG Jin, HU Jingwen, DING Mei, YANG Fan, DU Qin^* 17true Siraitia grosvenorii, a characteristic plant of Guangxi, is a precious Chinese medicinal material that can be used both as medicine and food. Mogroside V(MV)is a principal bioactive constituent of S. grosvenorii, possesses potential neuroprotective effects whose mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, to establish the Parkinson's disease(PD)primary neurons model, primary cortical neurons were isolated from C57BL/6J fetal mice for 7 days' culture, α-synuclein(α-Syn)preformed fibrils(PFF)were added to the cellular cultural medium. Then, 100 μmol·L^-1 MV was used to intervene in the PD primary neurons model. After 48 hours' co-treatment, Western blot and cellular immunofluorescence analysis were applied to clarify the effects of MV on the expression of key proteins in PD, such as α-Syn, dopamine receptor D1(DRD1)and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor NR1 subunit(NMDAR1)in PD primary cortical neurons. Furthermore, to clarify the specific mechanism by which MV affects the expression of DRD1, this study established a PD cell model by adding 10 μg·mL^-1 α-Syn PFF to the PC12 cell line. In addition, plasmid transfection technology was utilized to overexpress the NMDAR1 level in PC12 cell line. Western blot and cellular immunofluorescence analysis were also used to evaluate the interrelationship among α-Syn, DRD1 and NMDAR1 in PC12 cells. The results were as follows:(1)10 μg·mL^-1 α-Syn PFF significantly decreased the expression levels of DRD1 and NMDAR1 in primary neurons(P<0.05).(2)100 μmol·L^-1 MV treatment significantly inhibited the down-regulation of DRD1 and NMDAR1 expression induced by α-Syn PFF in primary neurons(P<0.05).(3)The expression of DRD1 and NMDAR1 were both decreased by α-Syn PFF, while overexpression of NMDAR1 reversed the down-regulation of DRD1 level induced by α-Syn PFF. In conclusion, MV alleviates α-Syn PFF-induced down-regulation of DRD1 level by up-regulating NMDAR1 expression. This study provides a new experimental basis for elucidating the neuroprotective effect of MV on PD, provides a theoretical foundation for the development of S. grosvenorii and its active component MV as neuroprotective drugs, and provides a new scientific path for the in-depth development and value enhancement of Guangxi characteristic plants.]]> 2026/4/4 20:23:02 *]]> JIANG Min, XU Xiaofeng, WU Chengli, YU Lan, LUO Hanjiang, CHEN Min^* 16true Pholidota yunnanensis as a substitute for the materia medica of Dendrobium spp.(Shihu). From the Qing dynasty to the Republican period, diverse sources were involved, including plants from genera like Coelogyne and Bulbophyllum. Modern literature establishes Pholidota chinensis as the accepted origin,yet the folk market continues to see trade in multiple species, including Pholidota cantonensis and Coelogyne fimbriata.(2)Shixiantao is currently incorporated into the medical systems of 13 ethnic groups, primarily utilizing the pseudobulbs to treat headaches, traumatic injuries, lymph node tuberculosis, etc. Records of its traditional property, flavor, meridian tropism, and efficacy are highly consistent with modern pharmacological research.(3)Bibliometric statistics show that research concerning Shixiantao over the past 40 years has focused on chemical components(phenanthrenes, bibenzyls, etc.)and the mechanisms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, providing strong evidence supporting its traditional efficacy in treating headaches, inflammation, etc., highlighting the important inspiration of ethnic medicinal experience for modern research. This study represents the first systematic integration of Shixiantao's historical evolution of botanical origin according to historical herbs, multi-ethnic traditional knowledge, and modern scientific evidence, confirming the inspirational value of ethnic medicinal experience for contemporary drug research. Future research should prioritize resolving taxonomic confusion among closely related species and ensuring resource sustainability. Under these premises, a synergistic innovation system integrating traditional knowledge, resource conservation and modern research and development should be constructed to promote the inheritance of ethnic medicinal culture and ecological conservation.]]> 2026/4/4 20:23:02 1,2,3, LI Jian³, ZHANG Jihai^1,2, CHEN Jianbing³, WANG Meina^3*, LONG Chunlin^1,2,4,5*]]> LIU Liwei^1,2,3, LI Jian³, ZHANG Jihai^1,2, CHEN Jianbing³, WANG Meina^3*, LONG Chunlin^1,2,4,5* 15true Pholidota yunnanensis as a substitute for the materia medica of Dendrobium spp.(Shihu). From the Qing dynasty to the Republican period, diverse sources were involved, including plants from genera like Coelogyne and Bulbophyllum. Modern literature establishes Pholidota chinensis as the accepted origin,yet the folk market continues to see trade in multiple species, including Pholidota cantonensis and Coelogyne fimbriata.(2)Shixiantao is currently incorporated into the medical systems of 13 ethnic groups, primarily utilizing the pseudobulbs to treat headaches, traumatic injuries, lymph node tuberculosis, etc. Records of its traditional property, flavor, meridian tropism, and efficacy are highly consistent with modern pharmacological research.(3)Bibliometric statistics show that research concerning Shixiantao over the past 40 years has focused on chemical components(phenanthrenes, bibenzyls, etc.)and the mechanisms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, providing strong evidence supporting its traditional efficacy in treating headaches, inflammation, etc., highlighting the important inspiration of ethnic medicinal experience for modern research. This study represents the first systematic integration of Shixiantao's historical evolution of botanical origin according to historical herbs, multi-ethnic traditional knowledge, and modern scientific evidence, confirming the inspirational value of ethnic medicinal experience for contemporary drug research. Future research should prioritize resolving taxonomic confusion among closely related species and ensuring resource sustainability. Under these premises, a synergistic innovation system integrating traditional knowledge, resource conservation and modern research and development should be constructed to promote the inheritance of ethnic medicinal culture and ecological conservation.]]> 2026/4/4 20:23:02 1,2,3, LI Jian³, ZHANG Jihai^1,2, CHEN Jianbing³, WANG Meina^3*, LONG Chunlin^1,2,4,5*]]> LIU Liwei^1,2,3, LI Jian³, ZHANG Jihai^1,2, CHEN Jianbing³, WANG Meina^3*, LONG Chunlin^1,2,4,5* 14true 2026/4/4 20:23:02 1, LUO Binsheng², CHEN Yongjing³, HU Qimin¹, DUAN Zhongxin², ZHANG Yan^4*]]> HU Renchuan¹, LUO Binsheng², CHEN Yongjing³, HU Qimin¹, DUAN Zhongxin², ZHANG Yan^4* 13true 2026/4/4 20:23:02 1, LUO Binsheng², CHEN Yongjing³, HU Qimin¹, DUAN Zhongxin², ZHANG Yan^4*]]> HU Renchuan¹, LUO Binsheng², CHEN Yongjing³, HU Qimin¹, DUAN Zhongxin², ZHANG Yan^4* 12true Streptocaulon juventas, a plant used in Zhuang medicine. Chemical isolation was performed using a combination of chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, medium-low pressure C₁₈ and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was achieved through comprehensive analysis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data, such as mass spectrometry(MS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(NMR)and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The cytotoxic activities of the isolated monomeric compounds against five human tumor cell lines were assessed using the MTS assay to determine their inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. The results were as follows:(1)Sixteen compounds were successfully isolated and identified from S. juventas, which were strejuvdione A(1^*), 6-shogoal(2), curcumenol(3), curcuzedoalide(4), 16-dehydropregnenolone(5), neridienone A(6), 12β-hydroxy-pregna-4,16-diene-3,20-dione(7), periplogenin(8), acovenosigenin A(9), digitoxigenin(10), digitoxigenin-3-O-β-D-glucoside(11), periplogenin glucoside(12), 8-hydroxypinoresinol(13), blumenol A(14), blumenol B(15), and scopoletin(16). Notably, Compound 1^* was a new compound. Furthermore, compounds 2-4, 6, 7, and 13-15 were isolated from this plant for the first time.(2)Results of in vitro activity experiments revealed that compounds 2, 6-12 exhibited significant proliferation inhibitory activities against leukemia HL-60, lung cancer A549, liver cancer SMMC-7721, and colon cancer SW480 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 0.97-23.77 μmol·L^-1, 0.87-29.43 μmol·L^-1, 0.07-13.77 μmol·L^-1, and 0.09-16.47 μmol·L^-1, respectively.(3)Compounds 2, 6-10 and 12 demonstrated inhibitory effects on breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, with IC₅₀ values of 0.07-27.73 μmol·L^-1. The research result enriches the chemical components of S. juventas and provides a reference for the research on its anti-tumor activity.]]> 2026/4/4 20:23:02 1, LIU Meiyu¹, QUAN Jialing¹, LIAO Guangfeng¹, ZHANG Jinyan¹, LI Weifeng¹, LUO Yi², LU Rumei^1*]]> WEI Meiqin¹, LIU Meiyu¹, QUAN Jialing¹, LIAO Guangfeng¹, ZHANG Jinyan¹, LI Weifeng¹, LUO Yi², LU Rumei^1* 11true Swertia chirayita, referred to as “Jati” in Tibetan medicine, is traditionally employed for the treatment of hepatic and biliary disorders and has demonstrated significant efficacy in managing diabetes. To explore the chemical constituents and biological activities of the medicinal plant S. chirayita, various chromatographic techniques were applied to isolate and purify the ethyl acetate fraction of the plant extract. The structures of the isolated compounds were identified using modern spectroscopic methods(NMR, MS). Furthermore, the glucose uptake and antioxidant activities of the isolated some compounds were evaluated.(1)Twenty compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract, including twelve xanthone derivatives, two iridoids, and two flavonoids. Twenty compounds were identified as bellidifolin(1), 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthenone(2), 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone(3), 1,8-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone(4), 1-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethoxyxanthone(5), 1,7,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone(6), 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone(7), 1-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyxanthone(8), 1,3,8-trihydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone(9), norswertianin(10), 1,3,7-trihydroxyxanthone(11), 1,3,5-trihydroxyxanthone(12), amaroswerin(13), amarogentin(14), luteolin(15), quercetin(16),(+)-syringaresinol(17), gentianine(18), swerimilegenin C(19), and dehydroxyl-swerimilegenin H(20). Among them, compounds 4, 6, 7, 9, 12, 15, 17, 19, 20 were isolated for the first time from S. chirayita. Distinct from congeneric species such as S. mileensi (characterized by monoterpene glycosides and polyhydroxy xanthones), S. chirayita exhibits a unique phytochemical profile dominated by polymethoxylated xanthones and iridoid glycosides. This chemotaxonomic divergence likely reflects ecological adaptations to its high-altitude habitat and underpins its traditional therapeutic efficacy in treating metabolic disorders.(2)The glucose uptake assay showed that compounds 2, 4, 6, and 10-14 had good glucose uptake activities; the intracellular ROS measurement results indicated that compounds 1 and 7 had strong inhibitory effects, while compounds 10 and 14 had good promoting effects. This study enriches the chemical profile of S. chirayita and further clarifies its constituents that affect glucose uptake and exhibit antioxidant activities, providing a chemical foundation for further pharmacological research.]]> 2026/4/4 20:23:02 1, LIU Pengxin¹, PU Rui², CHEN Huijian¹, HUANG Mi¹, YANG Xinzhou^1,2*]]> ZHOU Xiaolong¹, LIU Pengxin¹, PU Rui², CHEN Huijian¹, HUANG Mi¹, YANG Xinzhou^1,2* 10true Trillium tschonoskii and their effects on breast cancer cells. The extract of T. tschonoskii was isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 and the structures of the compounds were identified based on physicochemical properties and spectral data. The inhibitory activities of the compounds against the breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 were evaluated by the MTT method. The results were as follows:(1)Twenty-four compounds been identified from T. tschonoskii as lysicamine(1), hydroxyframoside(2), goniothalamusin(3), pyrocatechol(4), 6-hydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxycoumarin(5), norisoboldine(6), 4,6-dihydroxy-2-methoxyacetophenone(7), hinokiresinol(8), sedanolide(9), rostratamine(10), cinnamicacid(11), magnolioside(12), platypterophathalide(13), transtorine(14), capillasterolide(15), globularin(16), ononin(17), ethyl p-hydroxycinnamate(18), cirsilineol(19), loliolide(20), acetoisovanillone(21), rubrosterone(22), didehydroconicol(23), dehydrovomifoliol(24); all compounds were isolated and identified from T. tschonoskii for the first time.(2)Compounds 1, 4, 8, 9, 13, 14, 16, 19, 23 had inhibitory effects of varying degrees on MDA-MB-231 cells. Among them, the inhibitory effect of Compound 9 on MDA-MB-231 cells was comparable to that of cyclophosphamide(P>0.05). This study result reveals the chemical constituents of T. tschonoskii, among which Compound 9 has potential anti-breast cancer activity.]]> 2026/4/4 20:23:02 1, WANG Wenzhe¹, ZHANG Huizi¹, ZHAO Yanjun², TIAN Shengle¹, BAI Xianguang^1*]]> DAI Hongmei¹, WANG Wenzhe¹, ZHANG Huizi¹, ZHAO Yanjun², TIAN Shengle¹, BAI Xianguang^1* 9true Castanopsis delavayi was conducted to isolate and characterize its constituent compounds and evaluate their inhibitory activity against pancreatic lipase. The 80% methanol extract of the leaves was sequentially purified using multiple chromatographic columns, including Sephadex LH-20, MCI gel CHP 20P, Diaion HP20SS, and Toyopearl HW-40F. The structure of isolated compounds was identified by pop analysis(NMR, MS)in comparison with literature data. An in vitro screening model for pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity was established utilizing the 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate(4-MUO)fluorescence assay, with orlistat serving as the positive control(IC₅₀=0.001 4 mmol·L^-1). The results were as follows:(1)Nineteen compounds were successfully isolated and structurally characterized from the 80% methanol extract: gallic acid(1), syringic acid(2),(Z)-3, 5-dihydroxycinnamic acid(3), (E)-3, 5-dihydroxycinnamic acid(4), dehydrodigallic acid(5), 3-O-β-D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside(6), gentisic acid-5-O-β-D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside(7), macarangioside E(8), chesnatin(9), theogallin(10), 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid(11), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid(12), methyl chlorogenate(13), quercetin(14), myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(15), quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside(16), quercetin-3-O-glucuronopyranoside(17), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide-6″-methyl ester(18), and quercetin 3-O-(6″-O-galloyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside(hyperin 6″-gallate)(19).(2)Twelve compounds exhibiting differential inhibitory effects against pancreatic lipase, which compounds 6, 7, 12, and 17 demonstrated significant inhibitory activity. All compounds were isolated from C. delavayi for the first time, providing a theoretical basis for further research on its lipid-lowering effects.]]> 2026/4/4 20:23:02 1,2, PANG Nao², WANG Yafeng², HE Ruijie², LIU Zhangbin², LI Guiqin², HUANG Yonglin^2*]]> YUAN Hongjing^1,2, PANG Nao², WANG Yafeng², HE Ruijie², LIU Zhangbin², LI Guiqin², HUANG Yonglin^2* 8true Staphylococcus aureus, this study employed steam distillation method to prepare single essential oils of Artemisia argyi, Mentha spicata and Origanum vulgare, and two compound essential oils(Compound essential oil 1 and Compound essential oil 2); gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis was performed to identify the active constituents of the essential oils exhibiting anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity; the filter paper diffusion method assay was utilized to evaluate the anti-bacterial activity of each essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus; network pharmacology and molecular docking simulations were integrated to investigate the potential anti-bacterial mechanism of the most bioactive compound essential oil(Compound essential oil 2). The results were as follows:(1)Compound essential oil 2 comprised 41 chemical constituents, with its primary bioactive components including thymol(29.33%)and carvacrol(9.13%).(2)The order of anti-bacterial efficacy among single and compound essential oils was Compound essential oil 2 [(40.18±1.67)mm] > Origano vulgare essential oil [(38.64 ± 1.47)mm] > Compound essential oil 1 [(24.87±0.85)mm] > Artemisia argyi essential oil [(13.12 ± 0.56)mm] > Mentha spicata essential oil [(11.28 ± 0.75)mm]. Compound essential oil 2 exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus.(3)Compound essential oil 2 exerted inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus through multi-target synergistic effects, modulating core protein targets including SRC and MAPK3, and regulating signaling pathways of notably neutrophil extracellular trap formation, drug resistance of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor(EGFR-TKI)and so on. Several bioactive components showed favorable binding energies with core targets. These collective findings demonstrate that Compound essential oil 2 is a novel plant-derived anti-Staphylococcus aureus candidate, and its unique chemical constituents, multi-target and multi-pathway synergistic mechanism provide important basis for the in-depth development and application as a natural anti-bacterial agent.]]> 2026/4/4 20:23:02 1, JIN Cheng¹, LU Qingyu¹, ZHANG Xiaoyan², XU Zhi^3*, ZHOU Wei^1*]]> LIU Junna¹, JIN Cheng¹, LU Qingyu¹, ZHANG Xiaoyan², XU Zhi^3*, ZHOU Wei^1* 7true MoTPS gene family members in Magnolia officinalis using bioinformatics approaches and systematically analyzed their physicochemical properties, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, gene structures, and cis-acting elements. Based on transcriptome data from roots, stems, leaves, fruits, and flowers at different developmental stages, we further investigated their tissue-specific and expression patterns of flowers at different developmental stages. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 55 MoTPS family members were identified, and 47 members distributed on 10 chromosomes.(2)Conserved motif and gene structure analyses revealed that MoTPS proteins belong to Class I TPS, containing 1-11 motifs, with all members harboring typical TPS conserved motif. However, the number of introns varied significantly among different MoTPS genes.(3)Phylogenetic analysis showed that MoTPS were divided into five subfamilies, with the TPS-a subfamily having the highest proportion of members at 58.18%.(4)Cis-acting element analysis showed that the promoter region included cis-acting elements for light response, hormone regulation, environmental stress, plant growth and development, and metabolism, etc. Expression profiling showed significant variations in MoTPS genes expression across different tissues and floral developmental stages, suggesting functional diversification of MoTPS genes in M. officinalis. This study provides a foundation for further functional characterization of MoTPS genes in M. officinalis and elucidates their roles in the biosynthesis and regulation of floral fragrance compounds.]]> 2026/4/4 20:23:02 *]]> WANG Jiarui, WANG Fuhua, LIU Yiting, YUAN Xinyi, GAO Jihai, HOU Feixia^* 6true Uncaria rhynchophylla, and serves as its primary medicinal part. Although the hook and inflorescence are considered to be homologous organs, the developmental mechanism of the hook remains unclear. To investigate the origin and the developmental mechanism of the hook, this study cloned the complete coding sequences of three SEPALLATA(SEP)-like genes, belonging to the MADS-box transcription factor family, by using RT-PCR and RACE techniques. The functions of these SEP-like genes were preliminarily characterized through bioinformatic prediction, subcellular localization, transcriptional activation assays, and RT-qPCR methods. The results were as follows:(1)The full-length cDNA of the three genes, UrSEP1, UrSEP3.1 and UrSEP3.2, were 931, 981, 1 097 bp in length, which contained the coding sequences(CDS)of 738, 726, 729 bp, encoding 245, 241, and 242 amino acid residues, respectively. All proteins contained conserved domains, including MADS domain, K-box, SEP Ⅰ and SEP Ⅱ motifs.(2)Phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that UrSEPs exhibit the closest relationship to CaSEPs from Coffea arabica. UrSEP1 clusters within the SEP1/2 clade of the LOFSEP subgroup, while UrSEP3.1 and UrSEP3.2 belong to the SEP3 subgroup.(3)Subcellular localization found UrSEPs all localized in the nucleus and confirmed the nuclear activity of UrSEPs. Transcriptional activation assays suggested that UrSEP1 and UrSEP3.2 might exhibited transcriptional activation activities, which remindering can bind DNA directly.(4)Results of RT-qPCR revealed potential homology between hook and inflorescence, alongside developmental divergence. UrSEP3.1 and UrSEP3.2 showed higher transcriptional levels in hook than in root, stem or leaf, with similar expression patterns in inflorescence; the expression level of UrSEP1 peaked in hook bud, surpassing levels in other vegetative tissues and inflorescence bud, and displayed opposing expression patterns during hook versus inflorescence development. In summary, the three UrSEPs genes encode nuclear-localized proteins from SEP1/2 and SEP3 clades, implicating their roles in hook development and early-stage fate divergence between hook and inflorescence. These results provide genetic insights into origin of the hook and establish a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying hook morphogenesis in Uncaria rhynchophylla.]]> 2026/4/4 20:23:02 1,2, LUO Qiumei¹, LIU Chang¹, WEI Shenghua¹, LI Tao¹, SANG Sihong^1*]]> HUANG Minghui^1,2, LUO Qiumei¹, LIU Chang¹, WEI Shenghua¹, LI Tao¹, SANG Sihong^1* 5true Curcuma kwangsiensis is a Daodi medicinal material of Curcuma in Zingiberaceae, yet the mechanism underlying its quality formation remains unclear. To elucidate the interaction relationships between endophytic fungal communities, soil environments, and medicinal material quality and to reveal the microbiological basis of its geographical authenticity. C. kwangsiensis samples were collected from three major production areas in Qinzhou City(Pubei County, Lingshan County, and Qinnan District). Using ITS high-throughput sequencing and chemical analysis methods, the endophytic fungal community structures across five tissues(root, rhizome, stem, leaf, and flower)were systematically studied, and the physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil and quality markers of the medicinal materials were analyzed. Redundancy analysis(RDA)and correlation analysis were employed to explore the relationships between microbial communities, environmental factors, and medicinal material quality. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 2 357 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)(902 species of fungi)were obtained from 45 samples; the distribution of OTUs among the three regions differed significantly, with only 19.4% being common core OTUs across regions; leaf tissues harbored the highest number of total OTUs(1 205)and unique OTUs(415), while the shared OTUs among the five tissue types accounted for only 6.9%.(2)Above-ground tissues(leaf and flower)exhibited significantly higher fungal richness(ACE and Chao 1 indexes)and diversity(Shannon index)than below-ground tissues(root and rhizome). Additionally, NMDS analysis revealed distinct differences in community structures between above-ground and below-ground tissues.(3)The core genus analysis indicated that the below-ground tissues were dominated by taxa such as unclassified-c—Sordariomycetes and wood-decomposing fungi, while the above-ground tissues were characterized by dominant genera like Cladosporium and Alternaria. The stem tissues displayed transitional characteristics in their fungal composition.(4)The RDA demonstrated that soil pH, organic matter, and nutrients(nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium)significantly influenced the fungal community composition; rhizome samples from Pubei County showed the highest olibanum alcohol-soluble extract content(ASEC). Notably, the rhizome fungal community was closely associated with ASEC levels, and unclassified-c—Sordariomycetes in rhizomes showed a positive correlation with ASEC, whereas Acremonium exhibited a negative correlation with ASEC. The above results indicate that the endophytic fungal community in Curcuma kwangsiensis exhibits significant regional specificity and tissue niche differentiation characteristic. Specific fungal taxa may participate in the accumulation of medicinal compounds through microenvironmental regulation, providing new insights into the microbial mechanisms underlying the formation of Daodi medicinal material quality.]]> 2026/4/4 20:23:02 1, HUANG Ziyi¹, ZENG Fenghua¹, ZHANG Yan¹, XIE Fei², ZHAO Huili¹, XIE Ling^1*]]> LONG Yanyan¹, HUANG Ziyi¹, ZENG Fenghua¹, ZHANG Yan¹, XIE Fei², ZHAO Huili¹, XIE Ling^1* 4true Phomopsis Y118 agent on the growth of Zanthoxylum nitidum and soil microecology, this study measured and analyzed the biomass, active ingredient content, soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activities and soil microbial composition structure using Z. nitidum as the experimental material. A pot experiment was conducted with five dosage levels of the microbial agent. The results were as follows:(1)The application of Y118 agent significantly increased the biomass of Z. nitidum. Compared to the control, the leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight achieved their maximum values under 25 g·plant^-1, showing increases of 118.4%, 73.5%, 192.2% and 89.4%, respectively.(2)The application of Y118 agent improved the accumulation of active ingredients. The contents of nitidine chloride and chelerythrine reached their peak levels at the dosage of 35 g·plant^-1, increasing by 160.9% and 53.8% compared to the control, respectively.(3)The application of Y118 agent modulated soil fertility to varying degrees. At a dose of 25 g·plant^-1, the contents of alkaline nitrogen and available phosphorus reached their peak levels, increasing by 13.6% and 17.9% compared to the control, respectively.(4)The application of Y118 agent increased the activity of soil enzyme to varying degrees. At a dose of 25 g·plant^-1, the activities of sucrase and catalase in the soil reached maximum values, which were 42.9% and 13.4% higher than the control, respectively.(5)The application of Y118 agent regulated the soil microbiome structure to some extent, with Saitozyma, Pseudomonas and Aspergillus emerging as the predominant genera. In conclusion, Y118 agent promotes the growth and accumulation of active ingredients in Zanthoxylum nitidum, which may be related to improving soil fertility and enzyme activity, and influencing the soil micro-ecological environment. Our findings provide a scientific foundation for the green cultivation and scientific fertilization of Z. nitidum.]]> 2026/4/4 20:23:02 1, LUO Zhuofang¹, LIANG Zining^1,2,3,4,5*, XIE Zebi¹, ZHANG Ruirong¹, SHEN Xiaolie¹]]> WU Chunfeng¹, LUO Zhuofang¹, LIANG Zining^1,2,3,4,5*, XIE Zebi¹, ZHANG Ruirong¹, SHEN Xiaolie¹ 3true Scutellaria baicalensis is a perennial herb of the genus Scutellaria in the family Lamiaceae. It exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities due to its various active substances, and has high medicinal value and development prospects. In order to explore the formation mechanism of S. baicalensis callus, this study used stem segments of S. baicalensis tissue culture seedlings as materials and employed transcriptome sequencing and enzyme activity determination methods based on a high-throughput sequencing platform to screen key genes related to callus formation in S. baicalensis. The results were as follows:(1)After the callus of S. baicalensis was treated with different hormone groups, there were 33 differentially expressed genes in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Using WGCNA analysis, nine key differentially expressed genes that may respond to different hormone signals during callus formation in S. baicalensis were screened, namely PP2C, JAZ, DELLA, ABF, BRI1, EIN3, ERF1, GID1, and MYC2.(2)Except for superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity in the BA-NAA treatment group and peroxidase(POD)activity in the BA-2,4-D treatment group reaching their maximum levels on the 21st day, the maximum enzyme activities of SOD, POD, catalase(CAT)and phenylalnine ammonialyase(PAL)in the other treatment groups were observed on the 7th or 14th day, during which the callus proliferated rapidly. Meanwhile, the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in highly differentiated or green callus were higher than those in yellow callus.(3)Through correlation analysis between explant enzyme activities and differentially expressed genes in the plant hormone signal transduction pathway in the control group and explants treated with different hormones for 7 d, two differentially expressed genes related to CAT and POD enzyme activities in S. baicalensis callus were screened, namely EIN3 and DELLA. The results provide a theoretical basis for clarifying the molecular mechanism of callus formation in S. baicalensis.]]> 2026/4/4 20:23:02 1, CUI Liyan², WANG Yufen², YANG Jiaoli², YUAN Yingxin², WANG Defu², NIU Yanbing^2*]]> LIU Jianli¹, CUI Liyan², WANG Yufen², YANG Jiaoli², YUAN Yingxin², WANG Defu², NIU Yanbing^2* 2true Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Z. armatum are significant woody oil and spice tree species, which have a wide cultivation range and large planting area in China. To elucidate the characteristics of their chloroplast genomes, we employed bioinformatics methods on publicly available sequences to analyze chloroplast genome structure, gene function, sequence features, and codon usage bias. Comparative genomics was used to identify sequence variations and screen hypervariable regions for phylogenetic tree construction. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genome structures of the two species of Zanthoxylum had high consistency, the numbers of coding genes were basically the same, and the gene function category was similar.(2)Multiple scattered repeats and tandem repeats were detected in chloroplast genome sequences of Z. bungeanum and Z. armatum, and 95 and 98 SSRs sites were selected, respectively, about 79% of SSRs were single nucleotide repeats with A/T motif.(3)The chloroplast genome codon GC_all contents of Z. bungeanum and Z. armatum were less than 40%, and the average ENC(effective number of codon)was 48.5%, indicating that the codon preferred to use A/T base, the bias was weak, and both were more affected by natural selection. All the 11 selected optimal codons ended in A/U, among which UAU was the common optimal codon.(4)Using chloroplast genome of Z. bungeanum as the reference, a total of 130 SNP were detected in the coding region of chloroplast genome of Z. armatum. Among them, 24 SNP of ycf1 gene accounted for 18.5% of the total variation sites. At the same time, a total of 14 indel sites were detected in the intron region of 8 coding genes. Three highly variable regions were selected with P_i>0.010 as the standard, namely rpoB-trnC-GCA-petN, trnH-GUG-psbA and ycf1. Among them, the gene spacer region rpoB-trnC-GCA-petN had the highest degree of variation.(5)The phylogenetic tree constructed based on hypervariable regions accurately classified six species and cultivars within the genus Zanthoxylum with a strong bootstrap support(>95%). The chloroplast genomes of major cultivated Zanthoxylum species exhibit high similarity in structure, number and function, while containing abundant repetitive sequences and SSR loci, and their codons have a relatively obvious A/T bias. Notably, sequence hypervariable regions are predominantly distributed within a few coding genes and intergenic spacers, and have high specificity within the genus. This study provides a theoretical foundation for molecular marker development, germplasm identification, and investigations into the genetic evolutionary mechanisms of cultivated Zanthoxylum species.]]> 2026/4/4 20:23:02 1, WANG Bihai¹, DUAN Jianyang¹, ZHOU Yuanjie¹, RUAN Changming¹, LIU Yixian¹, CHEN Jianxiong¹, DU Chunhua², LU Bin^2*]]> WANG Fei¹, WANG Bihai¹, DUAN Jianyang¹, ZHOU Yuanjie¹, RUAN Changming¹, LIU Yixian¹, CHEN Jianxiong¹, DU Chunhua², LU Bin^2* 1true