CsDIR genes through genome-wide screening in Camellia sinensis, and analysed for physicochemical properties, phylogenetic tree, conserved motifs, chromosomal localization, cis-acting element structural features, and gene expression patterns of DIR gene family under tea anthracnose stress. The results were as follows:(1)Phylogenetic analysis showed the CsDIR genes were divided into three subfamilies, and their promoter regions contained response elements for auxin, abscisic acid, wounding and pathogens.(2)Analysis of protein structures and protein conserved domains confirmed that 40 CsDIRs containing a β-barrel composed of eight antiparallel β-strands. In addition, thirty-nine CsDIRs possess a Dirigent domain, while one contains a Dirigent superfamily domain.(3)Results of chromosomal localization and collinearity analysis indicated that the 40 CsDIR genes distributing across 10 chromosomes and 5 distinct Contigs. Within CsDIR gene family, we identified 12 pairs of tandemly duplicated genes and 4 pairs of collinear genes.(4)Expression pattern analysis of 12 CsDIR genes under tea anthracnose stress demonstrated that all 12 CsDIR genes uniformly responding to tea anthracnose stress. This study provides a foundation for future research on the function of DIR gene family in response to biotic stresses in tea plants.]]> 2026/9/15 15:56:31 1, ZHAO Yichen^1,2*]]> SUN Zhipeng¹, ZHAO Yichen^1,2* 7true Rhododendron delavayi, the full-length coding region of RdCHS2 was cloned from R. delavayi, and its expression profile, catalytic activity in vitro and biological function in vivo were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)The full-length coding sequence(CDS)of RdCHS2 was 1 170 bp, encoding 389 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that RdCHS2 was grouped into the same clade with CHS from other plants and had typical conserved motifs of CHS.(2)Gene expression analysis showed that the expression of RdCHS2 was the highest in scapes and the lowest in stamens, and its expression increased gradually as flowering progressed.(3)Enzymatic assays confirmed that RdCHS2 catalyzed the synthesis of naringenin chalcone from malonyl-CoA and p-coumaroyl-CoA, as well as catalyzed the synthesis of pinocembrin chalcone from malonyl-CoA and cinnamoyl-CoA.(4)Complementation experiments in Arabidopsis thaliana tt4 mutant demonstrated that RdCHS2 successfully restored anthocyanin biosynthesis in cotyledons and hypocotyls of A. thaliana tt4 mutant. These results show that RdCHS2 exhibits typical CHS activity and participates in the biosynthesis of anthocyanin, which lays a foundation for further clarifying the specific function of this gene.]]> 2026/9/15 15:56:31 1, SHU Hefeng¹, ZHU Ling¹, ZHANG Ximin¹, GONG Jiyi^1,2, SUN Wei^1,2*]]> HU Rongmei¹, SHU Hefeng¹, ZHU Ling¹, ZHANG Ximin¹, GONG Jiyi^1,2, SUN Wei^1,2* 6true PP2C gene family members during peach flower bud dormancy, seven PpPP2C genes were identified from transcriptome data of dormant peach flower buds. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the physicochemical properties, phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, and promoter cis-acting elements, and qRT-PCR was employed to measure PpPP2C expression levels in varieties with differing chilling requirements from pre-dormancy to dormancy release. The results were as follows:(1)The amino acid sequences encoded by the seven PpPP2C genes exhibited highly similar physicochemical properties and conserved motif structures. All seven PpPP2C genes belonged to Subfamily A, a key component of the abscisic acid(ABA)signaling pathway, suggesting their involvement in dormancy regulation through ABA signal transduction.(2)The promoter regions of PpPP2C genes contained abundant abscisic acid, light, and methyl jasminate response elements, which are thought to regulate PP2C transcription during dormancy.(3)qRT-PCR results showed higher PpPP2C expression before dormancy, with levels declining after dormancy onset, indicating that dormancy suppressed PpPP2C expression. However, in varieties with CR≥400 h, this decrease began earlier than in those with CR≤200 h. This discrepancy might be attributed to different timings of dormancy entry resulting from varying chilling requirements, where varieties with CR≤200 h required shorter day lengths or lower temperature and consequently entered dormancy later. This study preliminarily elucidated the role of PP2C genes in ABA-mediated dormancy regulation, providing an important basis for further analysis of its regulatory network.]]> 2026/9/15 15:56:31 1, ZHU Pengxiang¹ , LI Jun², LU Tailiang¹, XU Jinghua², WAN Baoxiong^1*]]> LI Haiyan¹, ZHU Pengxiang¹ , LI Jun², LU Tailiang¹, XU Jinghua², WAN Baoxiong^1* 5true Corydalis saxicola, a perennial herbaceous plant of the Papaveraceae family in the genus Corydalis, grows exclusively in karst rock crevices. C. saxicola is also a Chinese national second-class protected plant. DELLA proteins, plant-specific transcriptional factors, play crucial regulatory roles in plant growth and development. In order to explore the function of DELLA proteins in the growth and development of C. saxicola, coding sequence(CDS)of two DELLA-like genes, CsDELLA1 and CsDELLA2, were identified and amplified based on full-length transcriptome and transcriptome data of different tissues of C. saxicola. Molecularly, the physical and chemical properties, structures, the relative expression levels of their transcripts, and key domain transcriptional autoactivation of the two DELLAs were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)The length of CsDELLA1 and CsDELLA2 CDS were 1 902 bp and 1 614 bp, encoding 633 amino acid(aa)and 537aa, respectively.(2)Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of the two DELLA transcripts were exclusively high in the leaves of C. saxicola.(3)Amino acid sequence homology alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that both CsDELLA1 and CsDELLA2 possessed conserved DELLA domain and GRAS domain, and both had high similarities with members of the DELLA family of Papaveraceae.(4)The analysis results of protein structures revealed that α-helices were important components of the protein structures of CsDELLA1 and CsDELLA2, and their three-dimensional spatial arrangements were similar, too.(5)Both CsDELLAs exhibited transcriptional autoactivation capacities, but the activation domain sites differed. Specifically, CsDELLA1, CsDELLA2, as well as truncated proteins CsDELLA1-N_52-119aa, CsDELLA1-N_120-259aa, CsDELLA1-C_260-633aa, and CsDELLA2-C_93-537aa, had transcriptional autoactivation capacities; while N-terminal sequence of the two CsDELLA1-N_1-51aa and CsDELLA2-N_1-92aa showed no autoactivation capacity. This study lays a foundation for further exploration of the interactions between CsDELLAs and other transcription factors, as well as their biological functions in the growth and development of C. saxicola.]]> 2026/9/15 15:56:31 1, QIN Wenhui¹, OU Xialian¹, PAN Limei^2,3, ZHANG Zhanjiang^1,2 , CHEN Xiaoying^1,2, LEI Ming^1,2*]]> LI Cui¹, QIN Wenhui¹, OU Xialian¹, PAN Limei^2,3, ZHANG Zhanjiang^1,2 , CHEN Xiaoying^1,2, LEI Ming^1,2* 4true AS1 and AS2 genes play critical roles in plant leaf development, however, whether LoAS1 and LoAS2 of Lilium Oriental Hybrids play a regulatory role during bulb low-temperature dormancy has not been reported. In order to investigate the correlation between LoAS1 and LoAS2 and the development of lateral primordia during bulb low-temperature dormancy, this study obtained the Lilium oriental ‘Sorbonne' MYB transcription factor LoAS1 and the LBD family gene LoAS2 by homologous cloning, constructed a phylogenetic tree, and analyzed their expression characteristics by RT-qPCR and subcellular localization. The results were as follows:(1)The coding sequence length of LoAS1 was 1 035 bp, encoding a total of 344 amino acids, while the coding sequence length of LoAS2 was 717 bp, encoding a total of 238 amino acids.(2)Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LoAS1 was more closely related to homologous proteins in Amana edulis and Lilium lancifolium, and most distantly related to Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Zea mays; LoAS2 was more closely related to homologous proteins in Elaeis guineensis and Cocos nucifera, and more distantly related to Oryza sativa and Zea mays.(3)Conserved motifs and structural domains analysis revealed that LoAS1 and LoAS2 share conserved motifs and N-terminal domains with their homologous proteins in other plants.(4)The results of subcellular localization revealed that LoAS1 protein was localized in the nucleus and LoAS2 protein in the cytoplasm and nucleus.(5)The overall expression levels of LoAS1 and LoAS2 were significantly higher than those in the normal temperature group, and both of them were up-regulated in the shoot apex in response to the cold temperature, with their expression peaking at 30-40 d of storage.(6)The results of paraffin sections revealed that the lateral primordia of lily bulbs were significantly enlarged at 45 d of low-temperature storage, which was consistent with the expression patterns of LoAS1 and LoAS2. The study indicates that LoAS1 and LoAS2 may play an important role in the development of lateral primordia during the dormancy release process of lily bulbs, which provides a molecular basis for further research into the dormancy release mechanism of lily bulbs.]]> 2026/9/15 15:56:32 *]]> KONG Xianghong, LUO Yuanfang, ZHAO Yiran, ZHU Yuntao, NIE Yuwei, HE Hengbin^* 3true Rhus chinensis were cloned, and the key genes responsible for uridine diphosphate glucose(UDP-glucose)biosynthesis were investigated. The study will lay the foundation for further analysis of the mechanisms of gallotannins over-accumulation in Chinese gallnut. This study relied on third-generation transcriptome data to conduct gene homologous cloning, protein sequence analysis, prokaryotic protein expression and in vitro enzyme catalytic activity analysis, gene expression pattern analysis, promoter cloning and sequence analysis, etc. The results were as follows:(1)Four RcUGPase family genes were identified, their encoded proteins were subjected to bioinformatics analysis, and their protein sequences were further compared with the homology genes in other species by constructing a phylogenetic tree, which suggested that RcUGPase1 and RcUGPase3 belonged to UGPase-A class and UGPase-B class, respectively.(2)RcUGPase1, RcUGPase2, and RcUGPase4 were successfully cloned and reconstituted onto pET28a vector, and recombinant proteins were obtained by the prokaryotic expression vector. In vitro enzyme activity analysis revealed that the RcUGPase1 had a UGPase enzymatic activity.(3)The in vivo UGPase enzyme activity was significantly increased during the early developmental stages of Chinese gallnut formation(21 d and 47 d), when the endogenous contents of gallotannins were gradually gained.(4)During the early developmental stages of Chinese gallnut formation(21 d and 47 d), the expression of RcUGPase1 was dramatically up-regulated, the expression of RcUGPase2 was down-regulated, and no significant changes were observed on the expression of RcUGPase3 and RcUGPase4.(5)A 2 334 bp promoter sequence upstream of RcUGPase1 gene was cloned and multiple cis-acting elements in response to environments and hormone signaling were predicted. In summary, based on in vitro enzyme activity analysis and the correlation between gene expression with in vivo RcUGPase enzyme activity and gallotannins contents in Chinese gallnut, RcUGPase1 may be the key enzyme gene catalyzing the synthesis of UDP-glucose in R. chinensis, and the elevated UGPase enzyme activity during the early developmental stages of Chinese gallnut might play a key role in over-accumulation of gallotannins in Chinese gallnut.]]> 2026/9/15 15:56:32 *]]> GUO Zhiqiang, ZHU Yajing, YANG Yang, FAN Jing, YANG Bing, LIANG Hongwei, CHEN Faju, LIU Wen^* 2true Triticum aestivum), this study performed genome-wide identification and functional analysis of TaDUF292 gene family using bioinformatics approaches. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 33 TaDUF292 members were identified in common wheat and designated TaDUF292-01 to TaDUF292-33, which distributed unevenly on 15 chromosomes.(2)All proteins encoded by the TaDUF292 family were hydrophilic proteins and were mainly localized in chloroplasts, mitochondria and nuclei.(3)Phylogenetic analysis divided the TaDUF292 family into three evolutionary clades, and genes in the same clade exhibited consistent gene structures and conserved motifs.(4)Cis-acting elements in promoters were dominated by light-responsive and hormone regulatory elements, which indicated that this gene family participated in the integration of plant environmental signals.(5)miRNA target prediction revealed that 16 types of cleavage-inhibiting miRNAs and 5 types of translation-inhibiting miRNAs jointly constituted a regulatory network.(6)Expression pattern analysis showed that TaDUF292 family genes exhibited obvious tissue-specific expression and differential response patterns to drought, salt, heat and pathogen infection stresses, and several members were significantly upregulated under combined stress conditions. This study systematically clarifies the molecular characteristics and potential function of the TaDUF292 family in common wheat, providing genetic resources and a theoretical basis for stress-resistant molecular breeding of common wheat.]]> 2026/9/15 0:00:00 1, LIU Jie², LIANG Jing^1*]]> MA Xiaoru¹, LIU Jie², LIANG Jing^1* 1true