Pinus massoniana forest, Erythrophleum fordii and Pinus massoniana × Erythrophleum fordii mixed plantations in south subtropical China were analyzed, and combined with soil physicochemical properties, the response of gene abundance of CAZymes involved in degrading plant and microbial components to different stands and different soil depths was investigated. Meanwhile, the main regulatory factors were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)After forest conversion, the gene abundance of CAZymes(GH116, GH115, and AA5)that degraded plant components was significantly increased and was strongly correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC), C/N ratio, and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)content.(2)The significant abundance of GH102 and GH25 genes in Pinus massoniana × Erythrophleum fordii mixed plantations indicated that the ability to degrade microbial components in mixed coniferous-broad-leaved plantations was stronger compared to the other two stands. The gene abundance of CAZymes that degraded plant and microbial components in soils of the three stands generally decreased with increasing soil depth, primarily due to the significant positive effect of SOC content.(3)With the growth of the three stands to the later stage, the contribution of microbial-derived carbon to SOC may gradually exceed that of plant-derived carbon, with bacterial-derived components contributing the most. Overall, the distribution of CAZymes genes is closely related to SOC content. Compared to pure stands, Pinus massoniana × Erythrophleum fordii mixed plantations show significant advantages in the gene abundance of GH102 and GH25, potentially indicating higher carbon storage potential. The research results have certain guiding significance for assessing the soil carbon storage pitential of plantations.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1, LIU Hanying¹, MING Angang^2,3, TENG Jinqian², ZHANG Jing¹, XIE Ting¹, QIN Lin^1*]]> WANG Ting¹, LIU Hanying¹, MING Angang^2,3, TENG Jinqian², ZHANG Jing¹, XIE Ting¹, QIN Lin^1* 4true Pinus massoniana pollen to cryopreservation, the pollen of P. massoniana, as the research object, was cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen(LN), at -196 ℃. The physiological indexes related to reactive oxygen species(ROS)were assessed during the freezing process(CK: before freezing; LD: after freezing with liquid nitrogen; HD: after freezing and thawing). Transcriptome sequencing was also performed using the next generation sequencing( NGS)technology and Illumina HiSeq TM 6 000 platform. The results were as follows:(1)The optimal water content for cryopreservation was 3.96%(fresh weight basis). At this water content, the P. massoniana pollen was directly immersed in liquid nitrogen, where it was stored for at least 48 h, then was removed from liquid nitrogen and transferred to room temperature for 20 minutes to achieve thawing. The survival rate was 73.80% after freezing and thawing, compared with 78.54% before freezing.(2)During the cryopreservation process, significant differences were observed in the four indexes of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH), ascorbate peroxidase(APX), and the ability to inhibit hydroxyl free radicals.(3)A total of 65.60 Gb clean data were obtained from transcriptome sequencing, with 38 505 genes mapped to the reference genome(47.84%); the number of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in comparisons of CK vs LD, CK vs HD, and LD vs HD were 232, 268, and 218, respectively. In the current study, Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analyses showed that GO terms such as response to stimulus and antioxidant activity; KEGG pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism, fructose and mannose metabolism, and peroxisome pathways were significantly enriched. Ten genes in these pathways that may be closely related to protection and repair during cryopreservation were further screened. All the results indicate that the freezing and thawing process which is related to oxidative stress induced by ROS affects the cryopreservation of P. massoniana pollen, as well as the water content. The results of this study help to improve the efficient preservation and utilization of the pollen of Pinus massoniana, and also provide a reference for further analysis of the molecular mechanism of cryopreservation damage.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1, ZHANG Ye¹, XU Zhanwu², QIN Zihai¹, WEI Qiulan¹, LIN Dong¹, XIAO Yufei¹, LIU Hailong^1*]]> ZHANG Xiaoning¹, ZHANG Ye¹, XU Zhanwu², QIN Zihai¹, WEI Qiulan¹, LIN Dong¹, XIAO Yufei¹, LIU Hailong^1* 3true Pinus massoniana to insect pests, growth and development, and drought stress. In order to further study the biological function of WRKY family genes and the response to exogenous hormones, the bioinformatics characteristics of PmWRKY2 and PmWRKY6 genes were analyzed, and the expression patterns of PmWRKY2 and PmWRKY6 genes under exogenous hormones treatment such as abscisic acid(ABA), salicylic acid(SA), methyl jasmonate(MeJA)and gibberellin acid(GA)and calcium ion were studied by qPCR. The results were as follows:(1)PmWRKY2 and PmWRKY6 proteins encoded 667 and 575 amino acids, respectively, and were subcellularly located in the nucleus, and the N-terminus of the two genes contained a highly conserved WRKYGQK heptapeptide structure, and the C-terminus contained a zinc finger structure, which belonged to the WRKY transcription factor family.(2)In terms of evolutionary relationship, PmWRKY2 protein and PmWRKY6 protein were most closely related to PtXG20020.1 and Pt2G29990.1 proteins from P. tabuliformis, which were also gymnosperm.(3)Compared with CK, the expression of PmWRKY2 and PmWRKY6 genes could be significantly induced by the four hormone treatments and the corresponding Ca²⁺ treatment, and their expression levels reached the peak in the late treatment period. Under Ca²⁺ treatment alone, both genes showed an expression trend of first decreasing and the increasing, in which the expression of PmWRKY2 gene was significantly induced in the early stage, and there was no significant difference between the expression of PmWRKY2 gene in the late treatment and the CK, while the expression level of PmWRKY6 gene was significantly higher than that of the CK during the whole treatment. These results show that both PmWRKY2 and PmWRKY6 genes can respond to different exogenous signaling substances, but the expression patterns are different.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1,2, CHEN Hu², CHEN Yinghao², YANG Zhangqi^2*]]> HUANG Jinlong^1,2, CHEN Hu², CHEN Yinghao², YANG Zhangqi^2* 2true Pinus massoniana to ectomycorrhizal fungi(Suillus luteus), this study used P. massoniana seedlings uninoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi(NE)as the control group(CK), the growth, chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme content of mycorrhizal P. massoniana seedlings, and compared and analyzed the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between inoculated(IN)and uninoculated(CK)treatments using transcriptome technology, followed by functional annotation and metabolic pathway analysis of the DEGs. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with NE, the aboveground biomass and root length of mycorrhizal P. massoniana inoculation were significantly increased(P<0.05), and the physiological indicators such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, catalase(CAT)and peroxidase(POD)were also significantly enhanced(P<0.05).(2)A total of 104 467 Unigenes were obtained through Trinity software assembly, with the largest number of Unigenes in the Nr [66 641(63.79%)] and GO [57 483(55.03%)] databases, while the number of Unigenes in the KOG database was the lowest, accounting for only [12 233(11.71%)] of the total.(3)A total of 2 520 genes showed significant differential expression, compared with NE treatment, 1 611 genes were up-regulated and 909 genes were down-regulated in the IN group.(4)GO annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis results showed that most differentially expressed genes were concentrated in energy metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolic pathways, and were involved in mycorrhiza formation, growth and development of the host plant, synthesis of cellular photosynthetic pigments, etc., playing a positive role in maintaining high levels of antioxidants. These results reveal the interaction mechanism between ectomycorrhizal fungi inoculation and P. massoniana, investigate the effects of Suillus luteus on related metabolic pathways and key enzyme genes during the mycorrhiza formation process of P. massoniana, and lay a foundation for future screening of resistance genes involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis in P. massoniana.]]> 2025/10/31 22:04:45 1, XU Qiang¹, ZHOU Xiao², ZHANG Chao³, PAN Deng^3*]]> YU Peiyi¹, XU Qiang¹, ZHOU Xiao², ZHANG Chao³, PAN Deng^3* 1true