2026/5/9 21:51:38 1, LU Zhaocen¹, LIU Xin^1,2, WU Youdong^1,2, MO Minglin^1,2, XU Weibin^1*]]> CHANG Shili¹, LU Zhaocen¹, LIU Xin^1,2, WU Youdong^1,2, MO Minglin^1,2, XU Weibin^1* 2true Pinus massoniana forest, P. massoniana mixed needleleaf and broadleaf forest, Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, and Phyllostachys edulis forest together occupied over 61% of the basin, while agricultural vegetation(food crops and orchards)covered approximately 26%. In contrast, primary zonal evergreen broadleaf forests(e.g., Castanopsis eyrei forest and C. carlesii forest)together comprised less than 5% of the total basin area.(3)Clear spatial differentiation patterns were observed among alliances. Zonal alliances were strictly confined to nonkarst mountains(e.g., Yuechengling, Haiyangshan, Jiaqiaoling), whereas nonzonal alliances(e.g., Cyclobalanopsis glauca mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forest, Vitex negundo + Loropetalum chinense shrubland)dominated the karst areas. Vertically, a distinct altitudinal zonation was evident, transitioning from typical evergreen broadleaf forest belt to mixed evergreendeciduous broadleaf forest belt. Horizontally, forest alliances mainly occupied the surrounding mountainous regions, whereas shrubland and agricultural alliances prevailed in the central gentle terrain. This study reveals the classification, area composition, and spatial distribution patterns of vegetation alliances in the Lijiang River basin, providing a scientific basis and supporting evidence for the conservation and restoration of the basin's vegetation ecosystems, as well as for sustainable development planning and assessment.]]> 2026/5/9 21:51:38 1, WANG Bin¹, HU Tianyu², LU Fang¹, TAO Wanglan¹, LI Dongxing¹, LI Jianxing¹, LI Xiankun^1*]]> XIANG Wusheng¹, WANG Bin¹, HU Tianyu², LU Fang¹, TAO Wanglan¹, LI Dongxing¹, LI Jianxing¹, LI Xiankun^1* 1true