OsACS2 gene in rice development, the physicochemical properties, structure, and phylogenetic relationships of OsACS2 and its homologous proteins in rice, Arabidopsis thaliana, maize, wheat, barley, tomato and potato were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Rice plants were treated with phytohormones abscisic acid(ABA)and methyl jasmonate(MeJA), and the expression levels of OsACS2 gene in rice roots and leaves were analyzed using real-time PCR. The results were as follows:(1)There were a total of 34 OsACS2 homologous genes found in rice, Arabidopsis thaliana, wheat, tomato, potato, maize, and barley.(2)OsACS2 showed a closer relationship with its homologs in maize and wheat.(3)The OsACS2 protein and its homologs showed similar subcellular localization, contained a conserved AMP(adenosine monophosphate)-binding domain, and had similar secondary and tertiary structures.(4)The promoter of the OsACS2 gene contained ABA and MeJA responsive elements, ABA treatment increased the expression of OsACS2 in roots and decreased its expression level in leaves, MeJA treatment resulted in a decrease in the expression level of OsACS2 in roots, but an increase in leaves. This study establishes a theoretical basis for further understanding the biological functions of OsACS2 and homologous genes.]]> 2026/6/7 0:00:00 1, HE Yueying¹, YANG Ao¹, JIANG Lihui¹, SUN Xiaoqian¹, ZHU Zhenhao¹, WAN Yuanyuan², GUO Liwei¹, PENG Sheng¹, DU Yunlong^1*]]> YANG Xinyue¹, HE Yueying¹, YANG Ao¹, JIANG Lihui¹, SUN Xiaoqian¹, ZHU Zhenhao¹, WAN Yuanyuan², GUO Liwei¹, PENG Sheng¹, DU Yunlong^1* 8true Oryza sativa)is a globally important food crop, and its yield is often severely affected by abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought. Glucosylceramide enzyme(GCD), as a key enzyme in the sphingolipid metabolic pathway, its molecular mechanism in response to abiotic stress in plants has not been clarified, and there is currently a lack of systematic bioinformatics research. In this study, a genome-wide analysis method was used to identify four OsGCD gene family members(OsGCD1-OsGCD4)in rice. Through the integration of bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification methods, the molecular characteristics, evolutionary relationships, and expression regulation patterns of this gene family were systematically analyzed, aiming to reveal its biological functions in response to abiotic stress in plants. The results were as follows:(1)Bioinformatics analyses revealed that all OsGCD members contained a conserved DUF608 domain and possessed promoter regions enriched with drought-responsive(MBS)and hormone-responsive(ABRE/GARE)cis-elements.(2)Tissue expression profiling analysis indicated that OsGCD1 was predominantly expressed in roots at the three-leaf stage; OsGCD2 was highly expressed in roots at the germination stage and in grains at the wax ripening stage; OsGCD3 had high expression levels in stems and leaves at the three-leaf stage and in inflorescences at the booting stage; OsGCD4 was continuously highly expressed in stems at all stages.(3)Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis revealed that OsGCD1 and OsGCD4 exhibited a rapid and strong upregulation in leaves under salt, alkali, and drought stress conditions, suggesting their potential role in early stress response regulation. In contrast, OsGCD2 displayed a distinct root-predominant expression pattern, particularly during later stress stages, with significantly higher expression levels in roots compared to leaves. This study elucidates the OsGCD gene family's molecular mechanisms in rice stress adaptation through spatiotemporal expression patterns, offering novel targets for stress-resistant crop breeding.]]> 2026/6/7 18:08:04 *]]> SU Jing, QIAN Jiaojiao, TIAN Yongli, ZHANG Danting, LUO Chengke, LI Peifu, MA Tianli^* 7true POD gene family in rice and analyze their structural and functional characteristics, bioinformatics methods were employed to systematically analyze physicochemical properties, evolutionary relationships, chromosomal locations, promoter cis-acting elements and expression patterns of this gene family. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 64 POD gene family members were identified from rice, which were classified into 10 groups and unevenly distributed across 11 rice chromosomes.(2)Conserved motif and structural domain analysis revealed that over 50% of the members contained Motif1, Motif2, Motif3, Motif5, Motif9, Motif10 and Motif14, with similar arrangement sequence; 20 members possessed PL-6 superfamily structural domain, and 14 members possessed HAD-like superfamily structural domain.(3)A total of 57 regulatory elements were predicted in POD gene family, which could be categorized into light-responsive, hormone-responsive, stress-responsive, and growth and development-responsive, among which the light-responsive G-box and hormone-responsive ABRE were the most abundant.(4)Analysis of expression patterns indicated that Os03t0170900-01, Os03t0170900-02, Os06t0106800-01, Os12t0641400-01 and Os12t0641400-02 exhibited the highest overall expression levels, suggesting that they may play crucial roles in organ and tissue morphogenesis, substance transport, photosynthesis and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses in rice. The findings of this study lay a preliminary theoretical basis for further understanding the function of rice POD genes and provide important target resources for stress resistance-oriented molecular design breeding.]]> 2026/6/7 18:08:05 *]]> LIU Junfeng, MA Lingxiao, SUN Jie, LI Xun, ZHANG Suhong, MA Chang, MIAO Lixin, MAO Ting^* 6true Brassica napus). Using the high-Cd-accumulating cultivar ‘Nanyou 868'(2n=4x=38, AACC)as experimental material, a MYB4 gene was cloned and named BnaMYB4. Bioinformatics analysis, subcellular localization, and qRT-PCR were comprehensively employed to investigate its sequence characteristics, protein properties, and expression patterns under Cd stress. The results were as follows:(1)The open reading frame of BnaMYB4 was 885 bp in length, encoding 294 amino acids; bioinformatics analysis indicated that the encoded protein contained a typical R2R3-MYB domain, belonging to the R2R3-MYB subfamily, and was predicted to localize in the nucleus.(2)Multiple sequence alignment revealed that BnaMYB4 shared high similarity(87.41%-98.97%)with MYB4 homologous proteins from species such as Brassica napus and Arabidopsis thaliana; promoter sequence analysis identified multiple stress-responsive cis-acting elements.(3)Subcellular localization experiments confirmed that BnaMYB4 localized in the nucleus.(4)Tissue expression analysis showed that BnaMYB4 was expressed in root, stem, and leaf, with the highest expression in root; under Cd stress, its expression in leaves slightly increased with increasing Cd concentrations, but decreased slightly in root. In conclusion, BnaMYB4 may be involved in the transcriptional regulatory response of rapeseed to Cd stress. This study provides a theoretical foundation for further elucidating the functional mechanism of MYB4 in heavy metal stress and for stress-resistance breeding in rapeseed.]]> 2026/6/7 18:08:05 1, HE Xiaolan^2*]]> WANG Jianwei¹, HE Xiaolan^2* 5true PRR gene family in cotton, this study integrated data from BLASTP, Pfam, and NCBI databases to perform evolutionary analyses and expression pattern investigations on 32 PRR genes identified from four cotton species—Gossypium arboreum, G. raimondii, G. hirsutum, G. barbadense —as well as the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The results were as follows:(1)The PRR genes were clustered into three evolutionarily conserved subclasses(A, B, and C), whose origin predated the divergence of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. All PRR members contained the CCT domain, while the majority possessed a dual CCT-Response_reg domain architecture.(2)Significant heterogeneity was observed in the promoter regions of PRR genes among different cotton species, those in G. arboreum were dominated by stress- and light-responsive elements(e.g., ABRE, ACE), whereas promoters in G. hirsutum and G. barbadense had expanded to include elements associated with defense mechanisms, hormone signaling, and light signal transduction(e.g., MYB, G14K).(3)PRR genes exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns and divergent stress response profiles. Specifically, Ghir_D12G025960 was highly enriched in fibers and ovules; Ghir_D11G001640 was induced by cold stress but repressed under salt or drought conditions; and Ghir_D12G025960 displayed a unique expression dynamic of initial inhibition followed by recovery under heat stress. This study comprehensively characterizes the structural diversity, evolutionary relationships, and functional differentiation of cotton PRR genes in development and stress responses. These findings provide valuable genetic resources and a theoretical framework for future research on the cotton circadian clock regulatory network and the genetic improvement of stress tolerance in cotton breeding.]]> 2026/6/7 18:08:05 1,3, LIU Yiyuan¹, LI Peiyu³, ZHANG Weina¹, ZHU Chuanying³, LI Xueke³, HU Tianyu³, ZHOU Yi³, LIU Junhe¹, ZHU Mingju^3*, LI Bo^2*]]> LIANG Sijia^1,3, LIU Yiyuan¹, LI Peiyu³, ZHANG Weina¹, ZHU Chuanying³, LI Xueke³, HU Tianyu³, ZHOU Yi³, LIU Junhe¹, ZHU Mingju^3*, LI Bo^2* 4true N、NSs、NSm)have closely relationship with viral infection, However, no report has described the construction of a virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)system containing N, NSs, NSm genes to study its pathogenic function. To address this, a VIGS system was constructed for the N, NSs and NSm genes of CYRSV, and the roles of these genes during CYRSV infection were analyzed. Approximately 300 bp target fragments of CYRSV N, NSs and NSm genes were respectively inserted into the pTRV2 silencing vector. The silencing efficiency of each gene was detected under different inoculation modes. The optimal inoculation method was selected and further validated in Nicotiana benthamiana and pepper plants. The copy number of N, NSs and NSm genes was quantified using absolute quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR). The results were as follows:(1)The silencing efficiencies for VIGS system of N, NSs, NSm were 82.07%, 87.02%, and 94.39% in N.benthamiana, respectively, and 86.63%, 89.22%, 83.43% in pepper, respectively, compared with the control group.(2)This study successfully established a VIGS system targeting the N, NSs and NSm genes of CYRSV, which effectively inhibit the copy number of N, NSs and NSm genes in N. benthamiana and pepper, with silencing efficiencies ranging from 82% to 95%. The N, NSs and NSm VIGS system developed in this study provides a valuable tool for future investigations into the pathogenesis of CYRSV and offers a theoretical basis for resistance breeding and environmentally friendly control strategies in the field.]]> 2026/6/7 18:08:05 1, CHEN Yongdui¹, WU Kuo¹, MA Chuanzhi², ZHANG Jie^1*, ZHANG Zhongkai¹]]> LI Yu¹, CHEN Yongdui¹, WU Kuo¹, MA Chuanzhi², ZHANG Jie^1*, ZHANG Zhongkai¹ 3true + and K⁺ contents), and the expression changes of key transporter genes(ZmNHX1 and ZmHAK1)were systematically analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)Salt stress significantly inhibited maize growth, leading to MDA accumulation, reduced photosynthetic efficiency, and excessive Na⁺ accumulation in shoots.(2)AMF inoculation increased plant height, stem diameter, and dry weight by 22.7%, 18.9%, and 31.4%, respectively. AMF decreased leaf MDA content by 26.5%, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, and improves photosynthetic performance.(3)AMF promoted root Na⁺ exclusion and K⁺ uptake, resulting in a 34.2% decrease in the leaf Na⁺/K⁺ ratio. These changes were accompanied by upregulated expression of ZmNHX1 and ZmHAK1 genes. In conclusion, AMF enhances maize salt tolerance by activating the antioxidant defense system, maintaining ion homeostasis, improving photosynthetic function, and regulating key transporter gene expression. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the application of AMF in saline soil remediation and stress-resistant maize breeding.]]> 2026/6/7 18:08:05 1, WANG Shu^2*, JI Qiang³, BAI Xiangli¹, TIAN Hui¹]]> GAO Li¹, WANG Shu^2*, JI Qiang³, BAI Xiangli¹, TIAN Hui¹ 2true -1 NaCl(control)and 0.08 mol·L^-1 NaCl salt stress, key germination stage traits(such as germination rate and seedling length)were measured. Grey correlation analysis combined with cluster analysis was applied to evaluate the salt tolerance of the tested materials. The results were as follows:(1)The coefficient of variation for the salt tolerance index of each trait in the tested synthetic hexaploid wheat ranged from 28.41% to 59.41%, with the salt tolerance index of underground fresh weight being the highest at 1.05. Under salt stress treatment, the seedling length, coleoptile length, maximum root length, and shoot fresh weight of the tested synthetic hexaploid wheat were all significantly higher than those of ‘Gaoyuan 448'; meanwhile, the salt tolerance indices of seedling length, coleoptile length, and root fresh weight were also higher than those of ‘Gaoyuan 448'.(2)Among the tested synthetic hexaploid wheat accessions, seedling length had the highest weight(18.89%). The top 10 materials ranked by comprehensive evaluation were No. 27, No. 9, No. 15, No. 31, No. 28, No. 29, No. 30, No. 37, No. 12, and No. 25 in sequence.(3)The result of cluster analysis showed that the 44 tested materials could be classified into 5 clusters. Among them, Cluster Ⅰ was the moderately salt-tolerant group, and Cluster Ⅱ was the highly salt-tolerant group. All 9 synthetic hexaploid wheat materials developed with Triticum dicoccum(cultivated emmer wheat)as the female parent were mainly distributed in Cluster Ⅰ and Cluster Ⅱ. Additionally, Cluster Ⅱ contained 7 of the top 10 materials in the comprehensive evaluation, namely No. 9, No. 27, No. 15, No. 31, No. 28, No. 29, and No. 30. This study comprehensively evaluates the changes in key agronomic traits of synthetic hexaploid wheat during seed germination under salt stress. It screens out excellent synthetic hexaploid wheat germplasm resources suitable for cultivation in moderately salinized areas such as Qinghai, and further proposes that Triticum dicoccum can be used as the female parent to create more synthetic hexaploid wheat, which can be applied to the identification and evaluation of new salt-tolerant germplasm. This research provides a germplasm foundation for breeding new salt-tolerant wheat varieties suitable for slightly to moderately salinized lands in regions like Qinghai, and offers a theoretical basis for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in wheat.]]> 2026/6/7 18:08:05 1,2,3, LI Xia^1,2,3, SONG Meixi^1,2,3, WANG Qingxu^1,2,3, SHEN Jicheng^1,2, YE Fahui^1,2, ZHAO Jiake⁵, LIU Demei^1,2, LIU Ruijuan^1,2, CHEN Wenjie^1,2*]]> YIN Shuxiang^1,2,3, LI Xia^1,2,3, SONG Meixi^1,2,3, WANG Qingxu^1,2,3, SHEN Jicheng^1,2, YE Fahui^1,2, ZHAO Jiake⁵, LIU Demei^1,2, LIU Ruijuan^1,2, CHEN Wenjie^1,2* 1true