Artocarpus heterophyllus)possesses significant nutritional and economic value, with sugar substances playing a critical role in determing fruit quality attributes such as sweetness and flavor. However, The content, accumulation type and metabolic pathways of sugar substances, are highly compler and co-regulated by multiple interconnected pathways. To systematically investigate the differences in sugar metabolism and the underlying regulatory networks among distinct jackfruit varieties, as well as the key metabolites and pathway mecanisms, this study selected the pulp from three economically important cultivars, ‘THA', ‘GTM', and ‘YNH', at a comparable commercial maturity stage as experimental materials. Employing widely-targeted metabolomics technology, we conducted a systematic identification and quantitative analysis of metabolites present in the fruit pulp. This high-throughput approach enabled the comprehensive profiling of a wide spectrum of biochemical compounds. Differential metabolites were screened through multivariate statistical analyses, including principal component analysis( PCA )and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA ). Pathway enrichment analysis of the significantly differential sugar metabolites was performed utilizing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes( KEGG )database. This integrated strategy allowed for the construction of detailed, variety-specific sugar metabolic networks, revealing the core and specialized pathways active in each cultivar. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 1 381 metabolites across 13 categories were identified, including 65 classified as sugar metabolites. Among these, 33 exhibited differential accumulation patterns.(2)(2S)-1-O-palmitol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylglycerol, 1-(sn-glycero-3-phosphate)-1D-inositol, and D-erythrose-4-phosphate were respectively the characteristic metabolites of ‘THA', ‘GTM', and ‘YNH' jackfruit fruits.(3)Eleven core sugar metabolic pathways collectively form the regulatory network in jackfruit pulp.(4)This network exhibited both conservation and cultivar specificity: fundamental pathways—including carbon metabolism(ko01200)and nucleotide sugar biosynthesis(ko00520)—were significantly enriched across all varieties, while unique metabolites and pathways characterized each cultivar. This study investigates the sugar metabolites identified during the metabolic processes of different jackfruit varieties and clarifies that the key characteristic metabolites of these varieties are not common sugars but rather their derivatives or intermediates. This finding not only reveals the specific material basis underlying varietal differences in sugar accumulation but also elucidates a regulatory feature of the jackfruit sugar metabolic network, namely "conserved foundational pathways coupled with specialized individual metabolism." At the metabolic level, this study further uncovers the key mechanisms governing the formation of flavor quality and the reasons for varietal differences in soluble solids(SS)content, thereby providing important theoretical support for the quality improvement of jackfruit.]]> 2026/6/7 0:00:00 1,2, YI Chenxin¹, YE Weiyan¹, MA Xiangwei¹, TANG Xiuguan¹, LIANG Jianjun¹, SONG Qiqi¹, ZHOU Hailan¹, WEI Zhuangmin¹, ZHU Pengjin^1*]]> TANG Hailing^1,2, YI Chenxin¹, YE Weiyan¹, MA Xiangwei¹, TANG Xiuguan¹, LIANG Jianjun¹, SONG Qiqi¹, ZHOU Hailan¹, WEI Zhuangmin¹, ZHU Pengjin^1* 6true Michelia maudiae var. rubicunda, a variant of M. maudiae, possesses unique ornamental value and holds great potential for landscape applications. To identify the key metabolite types and their abundances responsible for the floral color differences, this study conducted targeted metabolomic analyses of petals from M. maudiae(white flowers)and M. maudiae var. rubicunda(light red and deep red flowers)using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS). The results were as follows:(1)A total of 27 metabolites were identified, mainly belonging to six categories, including petunidin, delphinidin, malvidin, cyanidin, pelargonidin, and other anthocyanidins.(2)Thirteen differential metabolites were screened, and KEGG pathway annotation revealed significant enrichment in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway.(3)Differential metabolite analysis indicated that cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside was the key metabolite responsible for the floral color differences in M. maudiae var. rubicunda. In conclusion, the accumulation patterns of anthocyanins in petals of different floral colors were characterized, and the association between red intensity and the types and abundance of specific anthocyanins were examined. Overall, this study provides valuable insights for elucidating the coloration mechanism of M. maudiae var. rubicunda and offers a scientific foundation for future genetic improvement of floral color.]]> 2026/6/7 18:08:05 1, SHU Donglü¹, KANG Cunbo², CHEN Baibing¹, KANG Yongquan¹, SHU Yao³, YAN Jiawen^1*]]> YANG Yang¹, SHU Donglü¹, KANG Cunbo², CHEN Baibing¹, KANG Yongquan¹, SHU Yao³, YAN Jiawen^1* 5true Acacia mangium &#215; A. auriculiformis clone AMA308 in response to different nitrogen form ratios, asexual tissue-cultured seedlings were used as materials, five different NH₄⁺/NO₃^- ratios(0:10, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3, 10:0)were applied to Hoagland nutrient solution. After 30 days of hydroponic culture, transcriptome sequencing was performed on the Illumina platform, and differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were screened using edgeR with the criteria of |log₂FC| > 1 and FDR < 0.05. KEGG enrichment analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)validation were conducted to verify the sequencing results. The results were as follows:(1)The number of DEGs in both root and leaf tissues increased significantly with the elevated proportion of nitrate in the nutrient solution, and root DEGs were consistently more abundant than leaf DEGs.(2)Root DEGs were significantly enriched in ribosome-related pathways(P<0.001), whereas leaf DEGs were predominantly enriched in metabolic pathways, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways.(3)A total of 88 DEGs were identified in nitrogen metabolism pathways, covering 11 key functional nodes including nitrate transport, nitrate reduction, and glutamine synthesis. Among these DEGs, 18 were down-regulated and 13 were up-regulated in roots with increasing NO₃^- ratio; in leaves, 13 were down-regulated and 9 were up-regulated.(4)Three genes belonging to the AMT1 subfamily were detected, which were expressed in both roots and leaves but showed significantly higher expression levels in roots. Two of these genes were ammonium-inducible and exhibited up-regulated expression with increasing NO₃^- ratio, while the expression of AMT1.1 was unaffected by external ammonium concentration and displayed distinct tissue-specific expression patterns between roots and leaves.(5)RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that the correlation coefficients between the expression levels of the four genes and the transcriptome data were ≥0.79(P<0.05)with the transcriptome sequencing data, confirming the high reliability of the RNA-Seq results. Collectively, this study demonstrates that Acacia mangium &#215; A. auriculiformis modulates root and leaf responses to variable nitrogen forms via distinct molecular mechanisms. Ribosomal pathway enrichment in roots enhances protein synthesis capacity to facilitate efficient nitrogen uptake and assimilation, while enrichment of metabolic pathways in leaves optimizes nitrogen allocation to photosynthetic products and secondary metabolites, thereby supporting both photosynthetic performance and stress adaptation. This research elucidates the molecular basis of coordinated root-leaf responses to nitrogen forms for Acacia mangium &#215; A. auriculiformis and provides theoretical support and candidate genes for precise nitrogen application during its seedling stage.]]> 2026/6/7 18:08:05 1,2, WANG Xuyang^1,3, XU Fang¹, BAI Qingsong¹, LIAO Huanqin¹, ZHANG Weihua¹]]> WANG Lihan^1,2, WANG Xuyang^1,3, XU Fang¹, BAI Qingsong¹, LIAO Huanqin¹, ZHANG Weihua¹ 4true Euchresta japonica is a rare and endangered legume species endemic to southern and southwestern China, valued for the anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties of its roots. Nevertheless, genomic information for this species remains largely unavailable. To address this gap, we constructed a full-length and comparative transcriptome database to provide key molecular insights into its regulatory networks and the biosynthesis of bioactive compounds. Using PacBio SMRT third-generation sequencing technology, we performed full-length transcriptome sequencing on a mixed sample from six tissues of E. japonica, combined with Illumina platform for various transcriptome profiling, thereby establishing the first high-quality transcriptomic resource for this species. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 21 703 high-quality Unigenes were obtained, of which 99.26%(21 543)were annotated in seven major gene functional databases.(2)A total of 1 543 transcription factors spanning 87 families were identified, and 7 649 SSR loci were detected distributed across 6 263 Unigenes, with compound SSR and tri-nucleotide repeats being the most abundant.(3)Comparative transcriptomic analysis across six tissues revealed 16 220 non-redundant differentially expressed genes(DEGs). The most pronounced differences were observed between fruit and inflorescence, and between lateral root and fruit, with substantial numbers of highly expressed genes detected in inflorescence, fruit, and lateral root.(4)Over half of the flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes were highly expressed in lateral root and/or inflorescence, consistent with metabolite accumulation patterns, indicating these tissues are key sites for flavonoid biosynthesis. This study provides the first comprehensive transcriptome resource for the genus Euchresta, offering valuable genetic data for elucidating the biosynthetic pathways of bioactive compounds, identifying key functional genes, and developing molecular markers.]]> 2026/6/7 18:08:05 1,2, YU Youjian ², LIU Xi ¹, PAN Xiangdong ¹, LEI Zupei ^1*]]> XU Liai^1,2, YU Youjian ², LIU Xi ¹, PAN Xiangdong ¹, LEI Zupei ^1* 3true Pyrrosia petiolosa leaves and its molecular mechanism, plants were grown under full-spectrum white light(WL)and monochromatic red light(RL), and leaf metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles were generated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)and RNA sequencing(RNA-seq), followed by integrative analysis to associate differentially accumulated metabolites(DAMs)with differentially expressed genes(DEGs)and to identify key pathways and candidate regulatory nodes based on KEGG enrichment. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with WL, RL significantly increased 109 flavonoid-related metabolites, including 51 flavonols and 34 flavones.(2)The contents of kaempferol glycosides and afzelechin were markedly increased, whereas the contents of naringenin chalcone and sakuranetin were decreased, suggesting that red light may redirect pathway flux and promote a shift in flavonoid composition toward the flavonol branch rather than uniformly elevating all flavonoid subclasses.(3)Transcriptome analysis showed significant upregulation of key structural genes in flavonoid biosynthesis, including F3H, FLS, DFR and LAR, and both DEGs and differential accumulated metabolites were significantly enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In conclusion, red light promotes flavonoid accumulation(particularly flavonols)in P. petiolosa leaves by upregulating key biosynthetic genes and modulating pathway flux distribution. These findings provide a theoretical basis for light-quality-based regulation of secondary metabolism to improve the quality consistency of P. petiolosa and to support precision cultivation under controlled environments.]]> 2026/6/7 0:00:00 1, ZHANG Yixuan², XU Lihua², LAN Qixian², QIU Siqi³, CHEN Jianhua², HUANG Rongshao², LI Liangbo², CAO Kexin^3*]]> LU Xuan¹, ZHANG Yixuan², XU Lihua², LAN Qixian², QIU Siqi³, CHEN Jianhua², HUANG Rongshao², LI Liangbo², CAO Kexin^3* 2true Syzygium aromaticum, an evergreen tree of the genus Syzygium in the family Myrtaceae, is an aromatic plant with both medicinal and edible applications. The essential oil derived from its flower buds holds significant value in the pharmaceutical, spice, and food industries due to its unique aromatic composition. In the pharmaceutical field, it serves as a key raw material for drug synthesis. In agriculture, it suppresses plant pathogens, aiding disease control and crop improvement. In the fragrance and food industries, it provides distinctive aromas that enhance product value. To systematically compare the quality differences of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oils from eight different producing areas, this study employed gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)technique to evaluate their chemical composition and antifungal activity. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 44 compounds were identified from the Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oils from different producing areas. The samples from different producing areas shared a similar chemical profile. Eugenol served as the characteristic component and was the dominant compound in all samples. The sample from Shaanxi contained the highest level of eugenol(69.22%). However, samples from different producing areas exhibited certain variations in other composition and their contents. These differences may be related to geographical and climatic conditions(e. g. sunlight, temperature, humidity, precipitation)and soil characteristics of different producing areas.(2)All samples exhibited excellent inhibitory effects against the tested phytopathogenic fungi. Particularly, the Shaanxi sample demonstrated outstanding antifungal activity, with minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values as low as 0.5 μL·mL^-1 against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. This study systematically reveals the chemical composition variations and antifungal activity characteristics of Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oils from different producing areas. The results demonstrate that the Syzygium aromaticum floral bud from Shaanxi exhibits superior quality attributes, showing a significant correlation between its high eugenol content and remarkable antifungal activity. These findings provide critical a scientific basis for breeding selection of superior Syzygium aromaticum cultivars and the utilization of medicinal resources, and also lay a theoretical foundation for formulating plant-derived antifungal agents based on Syzygium aromaticum flower bud essential oil.]]> 2026/6/7 0:00:00 1, MA Yangmin^1*, HE Yuan², MA Siyue¹, LI Zihan¹, WANG Kai¹]]> SHANG Menghua¹, MA Yangmin^1*, HE Yuan², MA Siyue¹, LI Zihan¹, WANG Kai¹ 1true