Tinospora sagittata or T. capillipes, a perennial vine belonging to the genus Tinospora within the Menispermaceae family. It is officially documented in “Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China”. As a well-established traditional Chinese medicine and a common medicinal resource among ethnic groups including the Zhuang and Dong, it is primarily cultivated in the areas such as Shaanxi, Jiangxi, Guangxi, and Guizhou. Tinosporae Radix is rich in diverse bioactive compounds and is pharmacologically recognized for its efficacy in clearing heat, detoxifying, relieving sore throat, and alleviating pain. It is clinically indicated for the treatment of pharyngitis, carbuncles, boils, and epigastric pain. Recent advancements in the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine have heightened research interest in Tinosporae Radix, owing to its multi-target pharmacological profile and broad application potential, positioning it as a focal point in natural medicine and functional food research. To date, terpenoids identified from Tinosporae Radix encompass sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, and triterpenes. Contemporary pharmacological researches have demonstrated that these terpenoids exhibit a spectrum of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antitumor, enzyme inhibitory, and immunomodulatory effects and so on. In terms of modern practical applications, Tinosporae Radix has been integrated into a comprehensive industrial chain spanning pharmaceuticals, food products, daily chemicals, feed additives, and veterinary medicine, underscoring its significant medicinal value and developmental value. Therefore, enhancing the innovative processing and utilization of its by-products is therefore of considerable importance. This review consolidates domestic and international literatures to provide a systematic overview of the innovative applications of Tinosporae Radix in traditional medicine, modern clinical formulations, veterinary practice, daily chemicals, and the food industry, with a specific focus on its terpenoid constituents, associated pharmacological activities, and contemporary uses. The aim is to facilitate further in-depth fundamental research. Additionally, this analysis critically assesses current application-oriented studies and offers prospective recommendations, intending to serve as a reference for advancing scholarly inquiry and promoting the sustainable resource utilization of Tinosporae Radix.]]> 2026/9/15 15:56:32 1,2, YANG Ying³, ZHOU Xinwei², ZHOU Ying², QIU Shuo⁴, ZHANG Jiachun^1,2*, SUN Chao^5*]]> ZHANG Guoxia^1,2, YANG Ying³, ZHOU Xinwei², ZHOU Ying², QIU Shuo⁴, ZHANG Jiachun^1,2*, SUN Chao^5* 7true Begonia lanternaria, B. longgangensis, B. luzhaiensis, and B. pseudoleprosa have important ecological value and ornamental potential. This study aims to clarify the composition, content and interspecific differences of volatile components in their flowers. In this study, headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to identify and analyze the volatile components of flowers of four Begonia species. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 56 volatile compounds were detected, including terpenes(17 kinds), other hydrocarbons(excluding terpenes, 18 kinds), alcohols(8 kinds), phenols(1 kind), esters(6 kinds), amides(1 kind), and other compounds(5 kinds). The relative content of terpenes in B. longgangensis, B. luzhaiensis, and B. pseudoleprosa flowers was extremely high(86.86%-98.01%), while alcohols was the highest relative content in B. lanternaria flowers.(2)The number of volatile components showed significant differences among species. The richness of volatile components ranked from high to low was B. longgangensis (27 kinds), B. pseudoleprosa(22 kinds), B. luzhaiensis(10 kinds), and B. lanternaria(5 kinds). No common volatile components were found among the four species.(3)The relative contents of(Z)-β-ocimene in the male and female flowers of B. longgangensis and B. luzhaiensis flowers were significantly enriched, with relative contents being 93.49%, 92.07%, and 81.72%, which might be the main contributor to their characteristic aroma. In summary, the volatile components of flowers of four Begonia species differ in composition and relative content, resulting in unique aroma profiles. These results provide references for the evaluation of germplasm resources, variety breeding, horticultural development, and health tourism related to Begonia plants.]]> 2026/9/15 15:56:32 1, ZHU Xiaozhen², TANG Wenxiu², PAN Bo², YAN Pengbo¹, HUANG Shixun^2*]]> ZOU Lingli¹, ZHU Xiaozhen², TANG Wenxiu², PAN Bo², YAN Pengbo¹, HUANG Shixun^2* 6true Oxytropis ochrocephala and their antioxidant activities, the ethanol extract of O. ochrocephala was separated and purified using chromatographic techniques including silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including UV, IR, HR-MS and NMR. The antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)and 2, 2-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)radical scavenging assays. The results were as follows:(1)Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as ochrocephalamine Q(1),(6aR, 11aR)-10-hydroxy-3, 9-dimethoxypterocarpan(2), 3', 7-dihydroxy-2', 4'-dimethoxyisoflavan(3), bosenegaloside A(4), 5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-3-[6-O-(1-oxohexadecyl)-α-D-altropyranosyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one(5), rhamnocitrin(6), 3, 5, 7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavonol(7), 3-O-rhamnocitrin-6-O-benzoyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(8), rhamnocitrin-3-O-β-D-galactoside(9), isoquercitrin(10), rhamnetin 3-O-β-D-galactoside(11)and rhamnocitrin 3-O-β-D-glucoside(12). Among these, Compound 1 was a new compound, while compounds 2, 4 and 5 were reported in this genus for the first time.(2)Compounds 6, 10 and 11 exhibited notable antioxidant activities in the DPPH radical scavenging assay, with IC₅₀ values of(4.90±0.35),(0.80±0.06)and(1.07±0.02)μg·mL^-1, respectively, which were stronger than that of the positive control vitamin C [IC₅₀ value of(5.72±0.52)μg·mL^-1]. In addition, in the ABTS radical scavenging assay, Compound 11 also showed strong antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of(0.32±0.05)μg·mL^-1. These findings further enrich the chemical constituents of O. ochrocephala and provide valuable information for its potential resource development and utilization.]]> 2026/9/15 15:56:32 1, TAN Jing¹, YANG Sunyuan¹, XIONG Rongqin¹, ZENG Yanrong¹, ZHANG Zhen², LU Hao³, TAN Chengjian^1*]]> YANG Min¹, TAN Jing¹, YANG Sunyuan¹, XIONG Rongqin¹, ZENG Yanrong¹, ZHANG Zhen², LU Hao³, TAN Chengjian^1* 5true Salvia prionitis and their antioxidant activities. The ethyl acetate fraction of S. prionitis was separated and purified by a combination of column using MCI, silica gel, ODS, HW-40F, and high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The structures of obtained compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic data(1D-/2D-NMR, HR-MS, CD)and chemical calculations. The antioxidant capacities were evaluated using the1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging assay. The results were as follows:(1)Seventeen compounds identified as 3-hydroxysalvinolone(1), salvinolone(2), salviadesertin J(3), 5α,11,12-trihydroxy-6-oxaabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one(4), hinokiol(5), perovskin C(6), 4-hydroxysapriparaquinone(7), prineoparaquinone(8), miltiolactone(9), 2α,3α-dihydroxyursolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester(10), 19α-hydroxyasiatic acid(11), oleanolic acid(12), hesperidin(13), isoquercitrin(14), rutin(15), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside(16), and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside(17). Compound 1 was identified as a new compound. The compounds 4, 6, 10, 11, 13, and 17 were the first time isolated from the genus Salvia plants, while compounds 3 and 9 were the first time obtained from S. prionitis.(2)The results of the DPPH free radical scavenging assay showed that compounds 14 [IC₅₀=(0.009 2±0.000 06)mmol·L^-1] and 15 [IC₅₀=(0.013 2±0.000 06)mmol·L^-1)exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than the positive control [ascorbic acid, IC₅₀=(0.044 2±0.000 46)mmol·L^-1]. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing novel derivatives from S. prionitis with enhanced antioxidant activity, guiding future product discovery efforts.]]> 2026/9/15 15:56:33 1,2, LI Guiqin², PANG Nao^1,2, WANG Yafeng², YANG Bingyuan², GE Li¹, YANG Kedi¹, HUANG Yonglin², LIU Zhangbin^2*]]> LI Shuyao^1,2, LI Guiqin², PANG Nao^1,2, WANG Yafeng², YANG Bingyuan², GE Li¹, YANG Kedi¹, HUANG Yonglin², LIU Zhangbin^2* 4true Dendrobium nobile, this study systematically analyzed the dynamic changes of volatile components and the ultrastructural characteristics of the perianth cells at different flowering stages by integrating headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)analysis and scanning electron microscope(SEM)observation techniques. The results were as follows:(1)Through dynamic monitoring of volatile components from samples collected daily from day 1 to day 14 of flowering, a total of 26 main aroma components were detected, mainly alcohols and esters, followed by aldehydes, terpenes, and ketones. Content of terpenes peaked on day 6, with β-caryophyllene(26.80%), 1-octanol(17.00%), and octanal(13.01%)being the dominant components.(2)The analysis of the volatile components of different parts of D. nobile revealed that the labellum and the stamina column were the main sites for the release of volatile substances.(3)Ultrastructural observation showed that the upper epidermis of the labellum had long and dense glandular trichomes without stomata, and the spaces between the glandular trichomes were filled with secretions, further confirming that the secretory function of the epidermal trichomes and cells in labellum was significantly stronger than those in other parts. Therefore, the raw materials for D. nobile flower tea should prioritize the collection of the labellum and the stamina column, and be harvested on day 6 after full bloom to maximize the retention of key aromatic components. The results of this study not only provide a scientific basis and quantitative indicators for the precise harvesting and standardized processing of D. nobile flower tea, but also offer a technical paradigm for the aroma quality regulation and efficient utilization of other fragrant medicinal plants in the Orchidaceae family.]]> 2026/9/15 15:56:33 1, YANG Yanni^2*, WANG Zaihua³, XIAO Yiyao⁴, PENG Ying¹, ZHANG Yikun¹, FU Chuanming², HUANG Ningzhen²]]> QUE Caixia¹, YANG Yanni^2*, WANG Zaihua³, XIAO Yiyao⁴, PENG Ying¹, ZHANG Yikun¹, FU Chuanming², HUANG Ningzhen² 3true Gymnema latifolium, referred to as “Pian Lu Zhao” in the Lisu ethnic group, is traditionally employed to treat diabetes mellitus. To explore the chemical constituents and hypoglycemic activity of G. latifolium, this study employed a combination of macroporous resins, silica gel, MCI, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography to isolate and purify the chemical constituents from the ethyl acetate fraction of G. latifolium. The structures of the compounds were determined by mass spectrum(MS), nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)spectroscopy, and electronic circular dischroism(ECD)spectroscopy. The in vitro hypoglycemic activities of the isolated compounds were assessed using glucose uptake assay based on HepG2 cells. The results were as follows:(1)Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as calomembranone L(1), calopolyanic acid(2), blancoic acid(3), apetalic acid(4), isoapetalic acid(5), apetalic acid methyl ester(6), isoapetalic acid methyl ester(7), calopolyanolide B(8), 2-hydroxy-xanthone(9), isocudraniaxanthone B(10), lacexanthone(11), caledonixanthone Q(12),(7,8-cis-8,8'-trans)-2',4'-dihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-lariciresinol(13),(7R,8S)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol(14),(+)-pinoresinol(15). Among them, Compound 1 was a new chromanone compound, and compounds 2-15 were isolated from Gymnema plants for the first time.(2)Hypoglycemic activity assays showed that compounds 1, 2, 3, 8 and 13 increased glucose uptake to 1.47, 1.47, 1.12, 1.49 and 1.23 times that of the control group in HepG2 cells, respectively, while exhibiting minimal cytotoxic effects, maintaining cell viability above 90%. This indicated that the above compounds had effects of promoting glucose uptake by HepG2 cells. This study enriches the chemical profile of G. latifolium and preliminarily clarifies the material basis for its hypoglycemic effect, providing a theoretical foundation for its further development and application.]]> 2026/9/15 15:56:33 1, ZHANG Jinyan^1,2, JIANG Ziyun¹, LIAO Guangfeng^1,2, XU Xiuhong¹, XIAO Xiwen¹, LU Rumei^1,2*]]> LU Yuling¹, ZHANG Jinyan^1,2, JIANG Ziyun¹, LIAO Guangfeng^1,2, XU Xiuhong¹, XIAO Xiwen¹, LU Rumei^1,2* 2true Rosa laevigata fruits and their anti-inflammatory activities, the ethyl acetate fraction of its ethanol extract was separated by silica gel column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. The isolated compounds were characterized by MS and NMR. Selected triterpenoids were tested for anti-inflammatory activities by measuring nitrix oxide(NO)production inhibition in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. The results were as follows:(1)Nineteen compounds were isolated and identified from the ethyl acetate fraction, they were 2α,3α,19α-trihydroxy-28-norurs-12-ene(1), euscaphic acid(2), 1α,2β,3β,19α-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(3), 2α,3α,19α,23-tetraydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(4), 2α,3β,19α,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid(5), niga-ichigoside F1(6), hyptaic acid B(7), tiliroside(8), anemarrhenoside B(9), evofolin B(10), taxifolin(11), aspergillus triazolate A(12), methyl elaidate(13), oleic acid(14), 10-eicosenoic acid(15), erucylamide(16), 9(Z)-octadecenamide(17), microphyllose A(18), inotodisaccharide(19). Among them, compounds 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15-19 represented the first occurrence in the genus Rosa, and Compound 1 was reported for the first time from Rosa laevigata.(2)Anti-inflammatory activity tests showed that all tested triterpenoids except Compound 1 significantly inhibited NO production. Compounds 4, 5 and 6 exhibited IC₅₀ values of(6.76±1.02),(11.36±0.39)and(11.53±2.08)μmol·L^-1, respectively, with activities superior to or comparable to the positive control aminoquanidine hydrochloride. This study enriches the chemical constituents of R. laevigata fruit, identifies triterpenoids as its primary anti-inflammatory active components, and provides a scientific basis for the material foundation of its anti-inflammatory activity and further development and utilization.]]> 2026/9/15 15:56:33 *]]> KUANG Weidong, PENG Yuan, ZHAO Xingling, TAN Jianwen^* 1true