珍稀植物蒜头果野生植株结实量及果实特征研究

郭方斌<sup>1</sup>; 王四海<sup>2; 3*</sup>; 王 娟<sup>2</sup>; 朱 枫<sup>1</sup>; 陈中华<sup>2</sup>; 原晓龙<sup>2</sup>

引用本文:	郭方斌, 王四海, 王娟, 朱枫, 陈中华, 原晓龙.珍稀植物蒜头果野生植株结实量及果实特征研究[J].广西植物,2018,38(1):57-64.[点击复制]
	GUO Fangbin, WANG Sihai, WANG Juan, ZHU Feng, CHEN Zhonghua, YUAN Xiaolong.Fruit yield and characters of wild Malania oleifera, a rare plant species in southwest China[J].Guihaia,2018,38(1):57-64.[点击复制]

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珍稀植物蒜头果野生植株结实量及果实特征研究
郭方斌¹, 王四海^2,3*, 王娟², 朱枫¹, 陈中华², 原晓龙²
1. 西南林业大学生态旅游学院, 昆明 650224;2. 云南省林业科学院,云南省森林植物培育与开发利用重点实验室/ 国家林业局云南珍稀濒特森林植物繁育和保护重点实验室, 昆明 650201;3. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物化学与西部植物资源持续利用国家重点实验室, 昆明 650201

摘要:

该研究对云南省广南县不同分布点的野生植株大小与结实量,果实、果核性状特征,果皮与果核性状间的关系进行了分析。结果表明:(1)野生成年植株个体间结实量差异大,单株结实量从几十个至几千个,变异系数可达136.38%。结实量与冠幅有正相关关系(R=0.592, P<0.01),与胸径和树高无相关关系(P>0.05)。(2)扁球型果实平均纵径37.10～40.36 mm,变异系数7.28%～8.65%; 平均横径41.15～45.03 mm,变异系数6.44%～9.31%; 平均果实重量35.77～47.29 g,变异系数18.99%～21.44%。野生蒜头果果实大小差异明显,单个果实重量差别为3.4倍。(3)果核平均纵径27.50～31.69 mm,变异系数7.13%～10.99%; 平均横径30.94～34.16 mm,变异系数6.47%～9.41%; 平均果核重量14.03～18.77 g,变异系数17.37%～22.68%。单个果核重量差别为3.7倍。(4)平均果皮纵向厚度4.33～4.80 mm,变异系数20.22%～26.91%; 平均横向厚度5.10～5.44 mm,变异系数12.92%～20.98%; 平均果皮重21.62～28.51 g,变异系数20.01%～24.12%。该研究结果表明野生蒜头果单株结实量、果实和果核大小、果皮厚等表型性状存在广泛的多样性,其资源为人工定向培育和开发利用提供了较为丰富的选择材料。

关键词: 蒜头果, 喀斯特植物, 野生植物资源, 果实特征, 保护植物

DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw201704040

分类号:Q945.6

文章编号:1000-3142(2018)01-0057-08

基金项目:云南省科技计划项目(2015BB018); 植物化学与西部植物资源持续利用国家重点实验室开放课题(P2015-KF11); 国家科技基础专项(2012FY110300, 2017FY100100)[Supported by Science and Technology Program of Yunnan, China(2015BB018); the State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China(P2015-KF11); National Special Program of Foundamental Scientific and Technological Research of China(2012FY110300, 2017FY100100)]。

Fruit yield and characters of wild Malania oleifera, a rare plant species in southwest China

GUO Fangbin¹, WANG Sihai^{2, 3*}, WANG Juan², ZHU Feng¹, CHEN Zhonghua², YUAN Xiaolong²

1. Faculty of Ecotourism, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;2. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Exploitation of Forest Plants / Yunnan Laboratory for Conservation of Rare, Endangered and Endemic Forest Plants, Public Key Laboratory of the State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650201, China;3. State Key laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China 1. Faculty of Ecotourism, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; 2. Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Exploitation of Forest Plants / Yunnan Laboratory for Conservation of Rare, Endangered and Endemic Forest Plants, Public Key Laboratory of the State Forestry Administration, Yunnan Academy of Forestry, Kunming 650201, China; 3. State Key laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China

Abstract:

Malania oleifera, an endemic plant species, is naturally distributed in karst region of southeast Yunnan and west Guangxi, China. This plant is a potential species with high economic value as its seed oil contains rich nervonic acid, and is also an excellent tree for the restoration and reconstruction of vegetation in karst region. Much attention has been paid to exploitation and utilization of this species in recent years. In order to understand fruiting characters of wild trees, we analyzed the fruit yield of wild trees, fruit and pit characteristics from six sites. The results were as follows:(1)Fruit yield was significantly different among wild trees. The coefficient of variation(CV)was 136.38%. There was positive correlation between fruit yield and tree crown.(2)The mean size of fruit was 37.10-40.36 mm in longitudinal diameter, and 41.15-45.03 mm in transverse diameter of CV ranged from 7.28% to 9.31%. The mean fruit weight was 35.77-47.29 g with a range in CV from 18.99% to 21.44%.(3)The mean size of pit was 27.50-31.69 mm and 30.94-34.16 mm respectively in longitudinal and transverse diameter. CV was from 6.47% to 10.99%. The mean pit weight was 14.03-18.77 g, and CV was from 17.37% to 22.68%.(4)The mean longitudinal thickness of pericarp was 4.33-4.80 mm, and transverse thickness was 5.10-5.44 mm. Their CV was 12.92%-26.91%. The mean weight of pericarp was 21.62-28.51 g, and CV was 20.01%-24.12%. These results indicate that the yield, size and weight of fruits of wild Malania oleifera have abundant phenotypic diversity, which can provide various source of excellent character selection for oriented cultivation and exploitation.

Key words: Malania oleifera, karst plant, wild plant resources, fruit characteristics, protected plant