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作者简介:

杨铄渊(1998—),硕士研究生,研究方向为风景园林规划设计,(E-mail)846171865@qq.com。

通讯作者:

王秀荣,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事风景园林规划设计研究,(E-mail)wxr7211@126.com。

中图分类号:Q945

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1000-3142(2024)03-0554-10

DOI:10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202209013

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目录contents

    摘要

    短肋羽藓(Thuidium kanedae)是一种分布广泛、景观价值高的藓类植物,但目前缺乏相关的栽培研究。为获得适合短肋羽藓生长发育的最优施肥处理,该文以不施肥(CK)作为对照,采用尿素(N肥)、过磷酸钙(P肥)和硫酸钾(K肥)组合处理,设置3个施肥水平(1~3)的施肥方案。通过观测不同处理中短肋羽藓的生长长度、覆盖度和植株颜色占比,筛选有利于其生长及植株呈色的施肥方案,并测定优选施肥方案中苔藓相关生理指标的变化,以探讨施肥对短肋羽藓的生长生理特征的影响。结果表明:(1)N1、N2P2K2处理下植株覆盖度最大且显著均高于CK;植株长度以N1、N2K2处理下最高且大于CK;N3P3K3和N2P2K2处理的植株绿度维持效果最好。(2)N肥、NK、NPK配施方案对短肋羽藓生长的促进作用最好,这些处理总体上植株叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量均高于CK,可溶性蛋白含量低于CK。(3)相关性分析表明:绿色占比与覆盖度呈极显著正相关,生长长度与植株叶绿素含量呈极显著负相关。综合分析可知,不同肥施处理对短肋羽藓的生长及植株呈色具有不同程度的影响,人工栽培的短肋羽藓施肥方案应以N肥为主,P、K配施为辅,其中,N2P2K2(N、P、K的施肥量依次为26、14、28 kg·hm-2·a-1)处理下,短肋羽藓的生长状况和绿度最好。

    Abstract

    Thuidium kanedae is a kind of moss with wide distribution and high landscape value. However, we lack information about the cultivation of T. kanedae. To investigate an appropriate scheme of fertilization for the growth and development of T. kanedae, pot culture experiments were conducted with no fertilization (CK) as control, using urea (N fertilizer), calcium superphosphate (P fertilizer) and potassium sulfate (K fertilizer) combination treatments, set three levels (1-3) fertilization schemes. We investigated the growth length, coverage and color ratio of T. kanedae in various treatments, and we confirmed the fertilization scheme conducive to its growth. At the same time, the changes of related physiological indexes of plants in the optimal fertilization scheme were measured to explore the effects of fertilizer on the growth and physiological characteristics of T. kanedae. The results were as follows: (1) The coverages of T. kanedae under N1 and N2P2K2 treatments were the highest and significantly higher than that of CK. The plant length under N1 and N2K2 treatments were the highest and larger than that of CK. The plants treated with N3P3K3 and N2P2K2 had the best green degree maintenance. (2) N fertilizer and combined application of NK and NPK had the best promotion effects on the growth of T. kanedae. Overall, the contents of chlorophyll, carotenoid and soluble sugar under these treatments were higher than that of CK, while the content of soluble protein was lower than that of CK. (3) The correlation analysis showed that the green proportion was highly significantly and positively correlated with the coverage, the growth length was highly significantly and negatively correlated with the chlorophyll content of the plant. The results of this study illustrate that different treatments of fertilizer have different effects on the growth and color of T. kanedae. N fertilizer should be the main fertilizer for T. kanedae, and P and K combined application should be supplemented. N2P2K2 (N, P, K fertilization rates are 26, 14, 28 kg·hm-2·a-1 respectively) treatment has the best effects on the growth status and green degree of T. kanedae.

  • 短肋羽藓(Thuidium kanedae)是羽藓科(Thuidiaceae)、羽藓属(Thuidium)植物,可以生长在林地、倒木和岩石上(熊源新,2014),具有较高的生态重要值,与其他苔藓类植物形成稳定的苔藓植物群落,具有较强的观赏价值,园林应用前景广阔(吴优,2021; 杨艳,2021)。随着市场对短肋羽藓的需求增加,依靠野外资源的采摘势必导致自然资源与生态环境的破坏。人工栽培可以培育出景观价值较高的苔藓植株以满足市场需求和缓解环境压力。目前,关于短肋羽藓的栽培研究相对较少,尤其是在营养元素调控方面。因此,如何通过人工栽培和施肥管理调控短肋羽藓的生长和植株呈色是目前短肋羽藓栽培需要解决的关键问题。

  • 氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)是植物所必需的大量元素,合理的养分管理既可以改善植物体内养分含量与生理状况,又可以提高植株产量,辅助苔藓植物绿度的提升(刘滨扬等,2009)。目前,关于苔藓植物对施肥的响应研究多以自然苔藓群落为研究对象。例如,施肥会减少瑞典高寒草甸的苔藓群落盖度(Alatalo et al.,2015),但施肥并未减少加州草原的苔藓群落盖度(Virtanen et al.,2017),苔藓群落在施肥、环境、周边植物以及群落内部不同苔藓相互作用的影响下对施肥处理表现出复杂多变的响应(Jägerbrand et al.,2006),从而难以估计群落中的单一种类苔藓对肥料的真实响应,难以进一步指导人工栽培苔藓的施肥管理。N肥对苔藓植物生长的影响研究较多,因为N肥喷施可以模拟大气氮沉降来研究N对苔藓群落和苔藓生长生理的影响,根据比较不同种类的苔藓植物对高浓度氮耐受能力的差异来预测自然苔藓群落的结构变化(Bergamini &Pauli,2001; 王铖等,2015),而有关P、K肥的研究较少。肥料种类和施肥量对不同种类的苔藓植物的影响不同,比如硝酸铵和尿素能提高弯叶青藓(Brachythecium reflexum)的覆盖度,而异叶裂萼苔(Lophocolea heterophylla)的覆盖度只会在硝酸铵的作用下有所增加(Dirkse &Martakis,1992)。肥料配施会改变施用单种肥料对苔藓植物生长的影响。例如,在氮添加的试验中施加PK肥会导致弯叶青藓和金发藓(Polytrichum commune)的丰度呈现相反变化(Dirkse &Martakis,1992);而P、K的添加一定程度上可缓解氮沉降对泥炭藓(Sphagnum)生长的抑制作用(Fritz et al.,2012; Chiwa et al.,2018; León et al.,2019)。

  • 综上所述,虽然有学者开展了肥料配施对苔藓生长影响的研究,但是由于研究对象和肥料配施的不同,因此导致研究结果不具备普遍性。据我们所知,未见有关于短肋羽藓栽培的相关报道。基于此,本研究以短肋羽藓为研究对象,设置不同的施肥种类和水平,通过测定植株长度、覆盖度和不同植株颜色占比,筛选有利于短肋羽藓生长和增强植株绿度的施肥方案。同时,通过测定优选施肥方案中植株叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖的含量,旨在探索以下问题:(1)探究适合短肋羽藓生长和植株绿度维持的最佳施肥处理;(2)揭示不同施肥方案对短肋羽藓生长和生理指标的影响关系。本研究结果不仅能为短肋羽藓的栽培应用和养护提供支撑,也能为其他苔藓的施肥提供参考,丰富苔藓栽培研究提供理论支撑。

  • 1 材料与方法

  • 1.1 试验地概况

  • 试验地点位于贵州大学林学院实验基地(106°65′—107°17′ E、26°45′—27°22′ N),属于亚热带湿润温和型气候,海拔高度为1 137.76 m,年平均气温为15.3℃,年平均总降水量为1 129.5 mm。试验期间于每天8:00—9:00、12:00—13:00和17:00—18:00用温度计记录环境温度变化(图1)。在种植地用两层4针遮阳网进行遮阴处理(遮光率为65%~75%),以模拟短肋羽藓采集地的遮阴条件。

  • 1.2 试验材料

  • 植物材料:短肋羽藓(Thuidium kanedae)采于贵州省贵阳市观山湖公园。参考史秉洋等(2022)的苔藓播种法,取短肋羽藓配子体进行粉碎处理,随后称取1.1 g的粉碎配子体片段并铺植于营养土表面,铺植面积为5 cm × 5 cm。

  • 1.3 试验设计

  • 施肥试验采用尿素、过磷酸钙和硫酸钾作为N肥、P肥和K肥,以不施肥为对照(CK),不同肥种组合配施,共设计7类施肥方案(表1),每个处理3次重复。施肥量参考前人的试验(Van Tooren et al.,1990; 顾峰雪等,2016),设置N肥的3个水平分别为13、26、39 kg N·hm-2·a-1,P肥的3个水平分别为7、14、21 kg P·hm-2·a-1,K肥的3个水平分别为14、28、42 kg K·hm-2·a-1,肥料施肥水平从低到高用1、2、3表示。

  • 将N肥、K肥溶解于1 L水中进行喷施(董向楠,2016);由于过磷酸钙微溶于水的特性, P肥采用均匀撒施的方式;每隔15 d施一次,共5次;因为栽培初期苔藓碎段发育迟缓且需要时间恢复伤口(孙会等,2018; 陈祥舟等,2022),所以在种植30 d后开始施肥处理。试验于2021年3月10日至2021年8月10日进行。

  • 图1 施肥后的日平均气温变化

  • Fig.1 Average daily temperature change after fertilization

  • 表1 施肥方案

  • Table1 Fertilization schemes

  • 注: N、P、K分别代表施肥种类氮肥、磷肥、钾肥,数字1~3表示对应肥料的不同施肥水平。

  • Note: N, P and K respectively represent nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, and subscript numbers 1-3 represent different fertilizer application levels of corresponding fertilizers.

  • 1.4 指标测定

  • 1.4.1 生长指标

  • 种植后定期观察植株生长状况,当所有处理的短肋羽藓均开始形成藓丛时,记录生长指标,每30 d记录一次,共记录4次生长指标。

  • (1)苔藓覆盖度:用手机在相同拍摄环境、相同拍摄高度下水平拍照,用Autocad 2019软件勾出照片中苔藓的覆盖范围,并计算苔藓覆盖范围与种植盆面积的比值即为覆盖度。

  • (2)苔藓长度:每个处理中随机抽取10株苔藓测量其长度,精度0.1 cm。

  • (3)植株颜色和占比:用AutoCAD 2019软件勾取出照片中的苔藓部分;将图片导入Adobe Photoshop CS6软件中,选中照片中的苔藓部分,将之导入到Colorimpact软件中,设置可识别的最多颜色为8后提取苔藓颜色(排除非苔藓的颜色),记录苔藓群块占比最大的4种颜色。

  • (4)植株绿色程度:通过目视解译法观察照片中的苔藓植株呈色,剔除植株呈黄褐色的施肥方案;采用软件分析法(王安和蔡建国,2022)比较剩余施肥方案的不同植株颜色占比,选出绿色程度最好的施肥方案和施肥处理。

  • 1.4.2 生理指标

  • 种植160 d后取样,测定苔藓植物叶绿体色素(叶绿素和类胡萝卜素)含量、可溶性蛋白含量和可溶性糖含量。叶绿体色素含量采用95%乙醇浸提法测定(任红等,2012),可溶性糖含量采用蒽酮比色法测定,可溶性蛋白质含量采用考马斯亮蓝G-250(Bradford法)法测定(王学奎和黄见良,2015)。

  • 1.5 数据分析

  • 用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行分析。用Excel2007和Origin 2021进行作图。

  • 2 结果与分析

  • 2.1 施肥对短肋羽藓生长的影响

  • 2.1.1 不同处理对短肋羽藓长度和覆盖度的影响

  • 由表2可知,在短肋羽藓的生长初期(种植后60 d内),所有施肥处理对植株长度没有明显的促进作用。从第90天开始,N1、N2、P2、N2K2和N2P2K2处理的长度均值均大于CK,在150 d时,N1P1K1处理的长度均值也大于CK。盖度方面,从第60天起,N1、P2、N2P2K2处理的覆盖度大于CK,并且N1K1、N2K2、N3P3K3处理从第90天开始,其数值也高于CK。这说明施肥后苔藓首先进行覆盖度的增加,然后是长度增长。由图2可知,在第150天时,N1和N2P2K2处理的覆盖度显著大于CK,植株长度以N1处理的数值最大,N3P3K3处理的覆盖度略微高于CK处理,说明有利于促进短肋羽藓生长的施肥水平总体上应不超过3水平。

  • 2.1.2 不同处理对短肋羽藓植株呈色的影响

  • 通过Colorimpact软件,最终统计出深绿(或深褐色)、黄绿色(或黄褐)、绿色、褐色四类植株颜色(生长过程中部分植株的深绿、黄绿色逐渐变为深褐、黄褐色)。由图3可知,对照和单一肥种处理下的短肋羽藓植株呈色均随着时间的增加逐渐变为黄褐色,而肥料配施时,植株绿色程度较好,说明肥料配施更有利于提高短肋羽藓的植株绿度。配施方案(图4)中,NK、PK组合会增加植株黄褐或黄绿色占比;NPK和NP组合可显著增加植株绿色占比,NP、PK、NPK配施方案可显著降低植株褐色占比,以NPK配施方案下的植株绿色占比最大,褐色占比最小。由此可得,NPK配施方案对增强植株绿度的促进作用最好。NPK施肥处理(图5)中,N2P2K2处理的绿色占比最大、深绿或深褐色占比最小,N3P3K3处理的黄褐或黄绿色占比和褐色占比最小。

  • 2.1.3 短肋羽藓生长指标间的相关性

  • 相关性分析发现,在整个生长期中,绿色占比与覆盖度(极显著)、长度均值呈正相关,褐色占比与覆盖度、长度均值均呈负相关(表3),说明植株绿色和褐色占比可在一定程度上反映短肋羽藓的生长状况,植株颜色越绿、褐色越少,则覆盖度、长度增长越快。

  • 2.2 短肋羽藓生长状况的综合分析

  • 由表4可知,N1处理短肋羽藓长度和覆盖度最大,N2K2和N2P2K2处理分别对植株长度、覆盖度增长的促进作用较好且N2P2K2处理植株绿度最高。综合考虑,能同时促进覆盖度增长、增强植株绿度维持能力最适合的施肥处理为N2P2K2处理。总之,N、NK、NPK施肥方案均对植株长度、覆盖度增长的促进作用较好,而NPK施肥方案对增强植株绿度的促进作用最好。

  • 2.3 优选施肥方案对短肋羽藓生理指标的影响

  • 2.3.1 优选施肥方案的植株生理特征

  • 由图6可得,NPK配施下的植株叶绿素含量均高于CK,NK配施下的N1K1和N2K2处理的数值高于CK,而N肥方案下,仅N3处理的数值高于CK;N肥和NPK配施对植株类胡萝卜素含量的增加起到了显著促进作用,除N2K2处理以外,三种施肥方案的其余施肥处理的类胡萝卜素含量均高于CK处理;除N1P1K1处理以外,所有处理都能降低植株可溶性蛋白含量且N1K1、N2K2、N2P2K2、N3P3K3处理的数值显著低于CK处理;除N3、N3P3K3处理以外,所有处理都能增加植株可溶性糖含量,但无显著差异。

  • 综上所述,3种施肥配方案总体上可增加叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量,降低可溶性蛋白含量,这些生理变化可能是N肥、NK和NPK配施处理对促进短肋羽藓覆盖度、长度增长和增强绿度维持的内在因素。

  • 表2 施肥处理与CK在不同时间节点的植株长势差异

  • Table2 Plant growth difference between fertilization treatments and CK at different time

  • 注: — 表示对应的施肥方案的植株长势都比CK差; 1、2、3分别表示不同施肥水平的植株长势优于CK。

  • Note: — indicates that the growth of plants under the corresponding fertilization schemes is worse than that of CK; 1, 2 and 3 respectively indicate that the growth of plants under different fertilization application levels is better than that of CK.

  • 图2 生长指标优于CK的施肥处理的覆盖度和长度均值

  • Fig.2 Coverages and mean lengths of growth of fertilization treatments are better than that of CK

  • 2.3.2 生理指标与生长指标的相关性分析

  • 由图5可知,覆盖度以及绿色和褐色占比均与四项生理指标无显著的相关关系。生长长度与叶绿素含量呈极显著负相关,说明叶绿素含量高不代表短肋羽藓茎的长度长,其他指标与生长长度间相关性均不显著。

  • 3 讨论

  • 合理施肥不仅可以促进植物的生长发育,还能影响植株呈色(高宏梅,2011; 吴焦焦等,2021)。吴焦焦等(2021)研究发现黄栌在PK配施下的长势最好,NPK配施下的叶色呈色质量最高。本研究中N1处理下短肋羽藓的植株长度与覆盖度最大,N2P2K2处理下植株呈色最好,表明有利于植株生长和改善植株呈色的施肥处理并不相同,与吴焦焦等(2021)的研究结果相似。肥料配施产生的拮抗作用和协同作用会影响植物的生长和养分利用(杜瑞敏等,2018)。NH4+-N是植物吸收的重要氮素形态,一些植物体内较高浓度的K+含量会抑制植物对NH4+的吸收,主要与两种阳离子的电荷和对膜电位的影响的相似性有关(Coskun et al.,2017)。苔藓有很强的阳离子交换能力,能从土壤和水中吸收N、P、K等矿质元素(肖露梅等,2022)。本研究下的K肥方案对短肋羽藓的生长有抑制作用可能与自身较强的阳离子交换能力有关,K+的大量吸收打破了植物细胞的阳离子平衡,从而导致NH4+的吸收受到抑制,进而影响了自身的氮代谢;而NK和NPK配施对植株生长有较好的促进作用可能是N、P添加在一定程度上缓解了离子失衡带来的损害。Fritz等(2012)研究发现,P的添加可以减缓N添加对泥炭藓生长的抑制作用,并且改变了植株体内养分含量的分配比例。Chiwa等(2018)研究发现P肥和K肥的共同添加能改变泥炭藓对N的同化和储存,能一定程度地缓解植株N浓度过高而导致的新陈代谢缓慢的状况。本研究中短肋羽藓在不同施肥方案下的生长差异可能也与植株对养分分配和储存有较大关系。

  • 图3 不同生长时期不同施肥处理的植株呈色

  • Fig.3 Plant color of different fertilization treatments at different growth stages

  • 图4 不同施肥配施方案的植株颜色占比

  • Fig.4 Plant color proportion of different fertilization schemes

  • 图5 不同NPK施肥处理的植株颜色占比

  • Fig.5 Plant color proportion of different NPK fertilization treatments

  • 合理配施能促进植物对养分的吸收和利用,适量添加N、P、K肥能提高植株的光合色素含量,从而提高植株光合能力,为植株的生长发育提供基础(罗仙英等,2022)。可溶性蛋白和可溶性糖都是重要的光合产物,可溶性蛋白参与酶类和糖类物质的合成以及N代谢的转运,可溶性糖为植物生长提供碳骨架和能量,这些生理指标含量的变化一定程度上可反映植物碳氮代谢状况(谭鹰等,2012; 何刚,2014)。本研究发现,对短肋羽藓覆盖度和长度生长的促进作用最好的优选施肥方案(N、NK、NPK)总体上可增加叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量,降低可溶性蛋白含量,说明施肥可能增强了短肋羽藓的光合作用,使得叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的上升,增强了碳代谢并减弱了氮代谢,从而导致可溶性糖的积累以及可溶性蛋白的大量消耗。本试验下的短肋羽藓与两种形式的N添加下的大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme)生理变化刚好相反(谭鹰等,2012),这种差异可能与不同藓类的代谢机制和养分形式有关。

  • 表3 短肋羽藓生长指标间的相关性

  • Table3 Correlations between growth indicators of Thuidium kanedae

  • 注:根据短肋羽藓植株的不同颜色变化的特点,将褐色和绿色(这两种颜色在整个时期中的色彩变化小)占比值与其他指标进行相关性分析。**表示相关性显著(P<0.01)(双尾)。下同。

  • Note: According to the characteristics of different colors of Thuidium kanedae, correlation analysis is conducted between the ratio of brown and green (two colors with little color change in the whole period) and other indicators.**indicates significant correlation (P<0.01) (double-tail) . The same below.

  • 刘滨扬等(2009)研究发现大灰藓和刺边小金发藓拟刺亚种(Pogonatum cirratum subsp. fuscatum)对N添加的响应不同,大灰藓在N添加下的植株绿度和生长速率明显高于对照,而刺边小金发藓拟刺亚种的形态无显著变化。本研究中短肋羽藓在施肥下的绿色占比与覆盖度呈极显著正相关,与刘滨扬等(2009)研究的大灰藓变化相似,而与刺边小金发藓拟刺亚种的变化不同,表明不同种类的藓类植物生长对营养添加的响应程度不同。营养添加会影响植物的营养元素平衡和组织pH值,进而影响代谢活动,并且还会降低植物对低温等逆境胁迫的抗性(刘滨扬等,2011)。Fritz等(2012)研究发现营养添加会增加泥炭藓对天气的敏感性,可能会加重N添加对其的负面影响。Liu等(2016)研究发现N添加降低了大灰藓和刺边小金发藓拟刺亚种从缺水胁迫中恢复的能力。施肥和升温的共同作用下,草甸苔藓群落的物种丰富度和多样性显著低于只施肥的处理(Jägerbrand,et al.,2006)。这些研究表明,施肥对苔藓植物的影响形式多样并且会使其更易受到环境变化的影响。本研究发现,优选施肥方案中的短肋羽藓叶绿素含量与绿色占比呈正相关,但与覆盖度和生长长度分别呈负相关和极显著负相关,并且单一肥种和对照处理下的植株呈色在120 d之后逐渐变为黄褐色,营养添加可能降低了短肋羽藓对包括气温升高在内的环境变化的抵抗力和恢复力,导致其受到胁迫时发生叶片卷曲或贴伏以及植株呈色的改变(Wang et al.,2022)。

  • 表4 长势好的施肥处理的生长指标

  • Table4 Growth indexes of fertilizer treatments with good growth

  • 注: *表示与CK差异显著 (P<0.05)。

  • Note: * indicates significant differences compared with CK (P<0.05).

  • 图6 N肥、NK和NPK配施处理的生理指标

  • Fig.6 Physiological indexes of N, NK and NPK fertilization treatments

  • 表5 短肋羽藓生长指标与生理指标的相关性

  • Table5 Correlations between growth and physiology indexes of Thuidium kanedae

  • 4 结论

  • 本研究结果表明,N1、N2K2和N2P2K2处理对促进短肋羽藓的长度和覆盖度增长、提高植株可溶性糖含量、降低可溶性蛋白含量的效果较好,其中N1处理对短肋羽藓覆盖度和长度增长的促进作用最好,N2K2处理的植株长度和N2P2K2处理的植株覆盖度仅次于N1处理;N3P3K3和N2P2K2处理的植株绿度维持效果最好,还能提高植株叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量。综合来看,以粉碎繁殖的方式种植短肋羽藓时的最佳施肥组合是N2P2K2处理(N、P、K的施肥量依次为26、14、28 kg·hm-2·a-1)。

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    • LUO XY, MO RH, DING GJ, et al. , 2022. Effects of different fertilization ratios on growth characteristics of Pinus massoniana seedlings [J]. Guihaia, 42(4): 608-616. [罗仙英, 莫荣海, 丁贵杰, 等, 2022. 不同配比施肥对马尾松幼苗生长特征的影响 [J]. 广西植物, 42(4): 608-616. ]

    • RÉMY P, LINE R, GILLES G, 2009. Moss carpets constrain the fertilizing effects of herbivores on graminoid plants in arctic polygon fens [J]. Botany, 87(12): 1209-1222.

    • REN H, LUO F, XU YAN, et al. , 2012. Comparison on methods of chlorophyll extraction in flowering Chinese cabbage [J]. Anhui Agric Sci, 40(3): 1455-1456. [任红, 罗丰, 许彦, 等, 2012. 菜心叶绿素测定方法比较研究 [J]. 安徽农业科学, 40(3): 1455-1456. ]

    • SHI BY, WANG XR, CHEN HM, et al. , 2022. Growth and physiological responses of Plagiomnium acutum to different cultivation substrates [J]. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 42(7): 1208-1218. [史秉洋, 王秀荣, 陈洪梅, 等, 2022. 尖叶匐灯藓对不同栽培基质的生长和生理响应 [J]. 西北植物学报, 42(7): 1208-1218. ]

    • SUN H, ZHAO YG, GAO LQ, et al. , 2018. Vegetative propagation characteristics six pleurocarpous mosses from hilly loess plateau region [J]. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 38(12): 2284-2292. [孙会, 赵允格, 高丽倩, 等, 2018. 黄土丘陵区6种侧蒴藓类植物营养繁殖特征 [J]. 西北植物学报, 38(12): 2284-2292. ]

    • TAN Y, SHU T, ZHAO YJ, et al. , 2012. Physiological responses of Hypnum plumaeforme to different inorganic nitrogen forms [J]. Chin Ecol, 31(11): 2823-2827. [谭鹰, 舒婷, 赵艳君, 等, 2012. 大灰藓对硝态氮及混合态氮的生理响应 [J]. 生态学杂志, 31(11): 2823-2827. ]

    • VAN TOOREN BF, VAN DAM D, DURING HJ, 1990. The relative importance of precipitation and soil as sources of nutrients for Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw. ) Loeske in chalk grassland [J]. Funct Ecol, 4(1): 101-107.

    • VIRTANEN R, ESKELINEN A, HARRISON S, 2017. Comparing the responses of bryophytes and short-statured vascular plants to climate shifts and eutrophication [J]. Funct Ecol, 31(4): 946-954.

    • WANG QH, ZHANG J, LIU Y, et al. , 2022. Diversity, phylogeny and adaptation of bryophytes: insights from genomic and transcriptomic data [J]. J Exp Bot, 73(13): 4306-4322.

    • WANG A, CAI JG, 2022. Research progress in quantification of plant landscape color [J]. J Chin Urban For, 20(4): 134-139. [王安, 蔡建国, 2022. 植物景观色彩量化研究进展 [J]. 中国城市林业, 20(4): 134-139. ]

    • WANG C, YIN LJ, ZHU RL, 2015. Growth and physiological responses of Leucobryum jiniperoideum to different nitrogen stresses [J]. Guihaia, 35(4): 520-525. [王铖, 尹丽娟, 朱瑞良, 2015. 桧叶白发藓对不同氮源胁迫的形态和生理响应 [J]. 广西植物, 35(4): 520-525. ]

    • WANG XK, HUANG JL, 2015. Principles and techniques of plant physiological and biochemical experiments [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press. [王学奎, 黄见良, 2015. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术 [M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社. ]

    • WU JJ, TIAN QL, TAN X, et al. , 2021. Effects of combined application of N, P and K fertilizer on growth and leaf color of Cotinus coggygria [J]. Sci Silv Sin, 57(11): 179-189. [吴焦焦, 田秋玲, 谭星, 等, 2021. 氮磷钾肥配施对黄栌生长和叶片呈色的影响 [J]. 林业科学, 57(11): 179-189. ]

    • WU Y, 2021. Study on bryophyte landscape characteristics and landscape suitability in Guiyang Wetland Park [D]. Guiyang: Guizhou University. [吴优, 2021. 贵阳市湿地公园苔藓植物景观特征及其景观适宜性研究 [D]. 贵阳: 贵州大学. ]

    • XIAO LM, ZHANG W, WANG CY, et al. , 2022. Functional traits of bryophytes and their response and adaptation to soil factors in different vegetation restoration methods in a typical karst area [J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 42(23): 9769-9779. [肖露梅, 张伟, 王彩艳, 等, 2022. 典型喀斯特区不同植被恢复方式苔藓功能性状及其对土壤因子的响应 [J]. 生态学报, 42(23): 9769-9779. ]

    • XIONG YX, 2014. Bryophyte flora of Guizhou China: Vol. 2 [M]. Guiyang: Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House. [熊源新, 2014. 贵州苔藓植物志: 第二卷 [M]. 贵阳: 贵州科技出版社. ] YANG Y, 2021. Bryophyte community characteristics and landscape evaluation in Guiyang Forest Park [D]. Guiyang: Guizhou University. [杨艳, 2021. 贵阳市森林公园苔藓植物群落特征及其景观评价研究 [D]. 贵阳: 贵州大学. ]

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    • REN H, LUO F, XU YAN, et al. , 2012. Comparison on methods of chlorophyll extraction in flowering Chinese cabbage [J]. Anhui Agric Sci, 40(3): 1455-1456. [任红, 罗丰, 许彦, 等, 2012. 菜心叶绿素测定方法比较研究 [J]. 安徽农业科学, 40(3): 1455-1456. ]

    • SHI BY, WANG XR, CHEN HM, et al. , 2022. Growth and physiological responses of Plagiomnium acutum to different cultivation substrates [J]. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 42(7): 1208-1218. [史秉洋, 王秀荣, 陈洪梅, 等, 2022. 尖叶匐灯藓对不同栽培基质的生长和生理响应 [J]. 西北植物学报, 42(7): 1208-1218. ]

    • SUN H, ZHAO YG, GAO LQ, et al. , 2018. Vegetative propagation characteristics six pleurocarpous mosses from hilly loess plateau region [J]. Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin, 38(12): 2284-2292. [孙会, 赵允格, 高丽倩, 等, 2018. 黄土丘陵区6种侧蒴藓类植物营养繁殖特征 [J]. 西北植物学报, 38(12): 2284-2292. ]

    • TAN Y, SHU T, ZHAO YJ, et al. , 2012. Physiological responses of Hypnum plumaeforme to different inorganic nitrogen forms [J]. Chin Ecol, 31(11): 2823-2827. [谭鹰, 舒婷, 赵艳君, 等, 2012. 大灰藓对硝态氮及混合态氮的生理响应 [J]. 生态学杂志, 31(11): 2823-2827. ]

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    • VIRTANEN R, ESKELINEN A, HARRISON S, 2017. Comparing the responses of bryophytes and short-statured vascular plants to climate shifts and eutrophication [J]. Funct Ecol, 31(4): 946-954.

    • WANG QH, ZHANG J, LIU Y, et al. , 2022. Diversity, phylogeny and adaptation of bryophytes: insights from genomic and transcriptomic data [J]. J Exp Bot, 73(13): 4306-4322.

    • WANG A, CAI JG, 2022. Research progress in quantification of plant landscape color [J]. J Chin Urban For, 20(4): 134-139. [王安, 蔡建国, 2022. 植物景观色彩量化研究进展 [J]. 中国城市林业, 20(4): 134-139. ]

    • WANG C, YIN LJ, ZHU RL, 2015. Growth and physiological responses of Leucobryum jiniperoideum to different nitrogen stresses [J]. Guihaia, 35(4): 520-525. [王铖, 尹丽娟, 朱瑞良, 2015. 桧叶白发藓对不同氮源胁迫的形态和生理响应 [J]. 广西植物, 35(4): 520-525. ]

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    • WU JJ, TIAN QL, TAN X, et al. , 2021. Effects of combined application of N, P and K fertilizer on growth and leaf color of Cotinus coggygria [J]. Sci Silv Sin, 57(11): 179-189. [吴焦焦, 田秋玲, 谭星, 等, 2021. 氮磷钾肥配施对黄栌生长和叶片呈色的影响 [J]. 林业科学, 57(11): 179-189. ]

    • WU Y, 2021. Study on bryophyte landscape characteristics and landscape suitability in Guiyang Wetland Park [D]. Guiyang: Guizhou University. [吴优, 2021. 贵阳市湿地公园苔藓植物景观特征及其景观适宜性研究 [D]. 贵阳: 贵州大学. ]

    • XIAO LM, ZHANG W, WANG CY, et al. , 2022. Functional traits of bryophytes and their response and adaptation to soil factors in different vegetation restoration methods in a typical karst area [J]. Acta Ecol Sin, 42(23): 9769-9779. [肖露梅, 张伟, 王彩艳, 等, 2022. 典型喀斯特区不同植被恢复方式苔藓功能性状及其对土壤因子的响应 [J]. 生态学报, 42(23): 9769-9779. ]

    • XIONG YX, 2014. Bryophyte flora of Guizhou China: Vol. 2 [M]. Guiyang: Guizhou Science and Technology Publishing House. [熊源新, 2014. 贵州苔藓植物志: 第二卷 [M]. 贵阳: 贵州科技出版社. ] YANG Y, 2021. Bryophyte community characteristics and landscape evaluation in Guiyang Forest Park [D]. Guiyang: Guizhou University. [杨艳, 2021. 贵阳市森林公园苔藓植物群落特征及其景观评价研究 [D]. 贵阳: 贵州大学. ]