摘要: |
明确加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis L.)在湖北省的入侵过程和影响因素能够为其监测和预警提供科学依据。该文结合相关报道和实地踏查搜集加拿大一枝黄花的入侵分布点,借助ArcGIS对其历史分布动态进行模拟重建,利用Maxent模型对其扩散动态和影响因素进行分析。结果表明:(1)加拿大一枝黄花在湖北呈不连续聚集分布,由早期的“跳跃式”入侵演变为由东向西北“渐进式”扩散,其中武汉、咸宁和宜昌中部地区入侵程度最为严重;(2)人类活动是影响加拿大一枝黄花扩散的主要因素,其主要沿着公路、铁路等交通方式实现远距离传播,入侵分布点数量与人类活动强度和路网密度呈正相关;(3)最干季度降水量(bio_17)、气温季节性变动系数(bio_4)、最湿季度平均温度(bio_8)、土壤的酸碱度(t_pH)、有机碳含量(t_oc)和海拔(DEM)是影响其生长繁殖的关键生态因子。在pH=4~7.5、t_oc=0.6%~1.12%的酸性或弱碱性土,及bio4=880~920、bio_8>24℃时,加拿大一枝黄花最容易发生入侵,其在湖北省的中、高适生区面积可达75,200 km2。综合其在湖北的历史扩散动态和影响因素来看:加拿大一枝黄花的适生区面积和入侵点均呈现由东向西减少的趋势;人类活动是造成其入侵湖北和扩散的主要因素,而自然因子则直接限制其在入侵点的种群大小和发生面积。本研究为加拿大一枝黄花的风险评估、监测预警和防控治理等技术提供了理论支撑。 |
关键词: 加拿大一枝黄花 扩散动态 人类活动 入侵机理 |
DOI:10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202210050 |
分类号: |
基金项目:国家自然科学(31101202) |
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The spread dynamics and driving factors of alien invasive plant Solidago canadensis L. in Hubei Province |
jiaoxinyu, li jia yi, yang qing yu, long mei, zeng ling tian, liu zhi xiong
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长江大学
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Abstract: |
Abstract:Solidago canadensis originated from North America, has become a notorious alien invasive plant widely distributed in China, which cause huge agricultural economic losses and serious ecological environment problems. Understanding the invasive process and driving factors of Solidago canadensis L. in Hubei Province can help to make a scientific decision for invasion monitoring and early warning. Combining with investigation, previous studies, news and media reports to collect the distribution sites of S. canadensis, the historical distribution dynamics of S. canadensis was simulated and reconstructed by the ArcGIS in Hubei Province. Moreover, the spread dynamics and its driving factors were analyzed by MaxEnt model. The results were as follows: (1) S. canadensis show discontinuous aggregation distribution in Hubei Province. The early "jumping" invasion has gradually transformed into the "gradual" spread from east to northwest Hubei in recent years. The Wuhan, Xianning and the central area of Yichang displayed the most serious invasion. (2) Human activities are the main factors promoting the spread of S. canadensis. It can move far away through transport along the road and railway. In addition, the invasive distribution sites of S. canadensis were positively correlated with human activities intensity and road network density in Hubei Province. (3) The precipitation of driest quarter (Bio_17), temperature seasonality (Bio_4), mean temperature of wettest quarter (Bio_8), the t_pH value of the soil and the elevation are key ecological factors affecting the propagation of S. canadensis. S. canadensis invades easily with the t_pH 4~7.5, the t_oc 0.6~1.12%, the Bio_4 value 880~920 and the Bio_8 more than 24 ℃. Moreover, the potential distribution areas suitable for medium and high adaptive growth of S. canadensis could reach up to 75 200 km2. Combined with historical spread dynamics and affecting factors of S. canadensis invasion, the adaptive areas and invasive distribution sites have tended to reduce from east to west in Hubei Province, and the human activities is a major factor resulted in its invasion and distribution. Moreover, natural factors directly limit its population size and potential distribution areas at the invasion site in Hubei Province. This research provides theoretical support for risk assessment, monitoring and early warning, and prevention and control technologies of S. canadensis. |
Key words: Solidago canadensis L, spread dynamics, human activities, intrusion mechanism |