| 摘要: |
| 湖北黄精(Polygonatum zanlanscianense)为天门冬科黄精属多年生草本植物,具有重要的药用价值。为探究湖北黄精的开花生物学和繁育系统特征,促进杂交育种和新品种选育研究,该文对其开花生物学参数和传粉系统进行了研究,并开展了人工授粉试验。结果表明:(1)湖北黄精的单花当日16:00左右开放,次日20:00左右闭合,开放持续时间为28 h。(2)利用醋酸洋红法测定的即将开放期和盛开时期的花粉活力相近,分别为76.34%和84.02%。(3)单朵花的花粉量为25 460.0±1 309.0,花粉胚珠比为4 243.0±218.0,杂交指数(OCI)为4。(4)自然授粉状态下的结实率为80.55%,人工异株异花授粉结实率为72.57%,同株异花和同株同花结实率分别为2.98%和4.68%; 自交授粉后花粉粒可在柱头萌发并穿过花柱。(5)访花昆虫种类主要有熊蜂(Bombus spp.)、中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana)、梯斑墨蚜蝇(Melanostoma scalare)和大翅绢粉蝶(Aporia largeteaui); 8:00—13:00昆虫访花频率最高,单花访花频次达4至5次。综上认为,湖北黄精需要传粉者,不存在无融合生殖现象,繁育系统类型以异交为主,存在少量自交。该研究结果可为湖北黄精的资源利用与种质创新提供理论依据。 |
| 关键词: 湖北黄精, 花粉活力, 开花动态, 杂交指数, 繁育系统 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202501010 |
| 分类号:Q945.5 |
| 文章编号:1000-3142(2025)12-2322-11 |
| Fund project:湖北省中央引导地方发展专项(Z2022387)。 |
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| Flowering biology and breeding system in Chinese endemic species of Polygonatum zanlanscianense |
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YANG Bingbing, LI Huarong, LI Ziwei, HE Fu*
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1.Biotechnology Research Center, College of Biological &2.Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
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| Abstract: |
| Polygonatum zanlanscianense is a perennial herbaceous plant with important medicinal value in the genus Polygonatum, the family Asparagaceae. In order to explore flowering biology and breeding system characteristics of P. zanlanscianense, promote hybrid breeding and new variety selection, this paper investigated its flowering biological parameters and pollination system, and carried out artificial pollination experiments. The results were as follows:(1)The single flower of P. zanlanscianense opened around 16:00 in the day and closed around 20:00 the next day, with an opening duration of 28 h.(2)The pollen vitality measured by the acetic acid magenta method during the pre-blooming and blooming stages was similar, with 76.34% and 84.02%, respectively.(3)The pollen content of a single flower was 25 460.0±1 309.0, the pollen-ovule ratio was 4 243.0±218.0, and the outcrossing index(OCI)was 4.(4)The natural pollination setting rate of P. zanlanscianense was 80.55%, the artificial xenogamy setting rate was 72.57%, and the geitonogamy and self-pollination setting rates were 2.98% and 4.68%, respectively. After self-pollination, pollen grains could germinate on the stigma and pass through the style.(5)The main flower-visiting insects were Bombus spp., Apis cerana, Melanostoma scalare and Aporia largeteaui. From 8:00 to 13:00, insects had the highest frequency of visiting flowers, with a single flower being visited 4 to 5 times. In conclusion, Polygonatum zanlanscianense requires pollinators, and there is no evidence of apomixis. The breeding system type is mainly outcrossing, with a small amount of self-pollination. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the resource utilization and germplasm innovation of P. zanlanscianense. |
| Key words: Polygonatum zanlanscianense, pollen vitality, flowering dynamics, outcrossing index, breeding system |
