| 摘要: |
| 完整的形态特征是物种分类的重要依据。大吊竹(Melocalamus scandens Hsueh & C. M. Hui)和流苏梨藤竹[M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus(Hsueh & C. M. Hui)D. Z. Li & Z. H. Guo]为云南特有种,目前,大吊竹的繁殖器官形态尚未见报道,并且根据野外调查与文献考证,发现在原始文献中两竹种的营养器官描述不完善。该研究基于广泛的野外调查,利用超级条形码质体基因组和核核糖体(nrDNA)序列构建系统发育树,对野外采集个体进行辅助鉴定,在此基础上补充大吊竹的繁殖器官特征,并完善箨舌、叶耳以及叶舌特征,增补流苏梨藤竹箨耳、叶耳和叶舌的形态信息。结果表明:(1)基于nrDNA序列的系统发育分析显示,大吊竹和流苏梨藤竹分别形成高支持率的单系分支,而在基于质体基因组的系统发育树中,上述2种个体为多系,其原因可能是该类群中存在不完全谱系分选。(2)大吊竹形态补充描述如下:箨舌全缘或齿状; 叶耳小或缺失,具繸毛; 叶舌上缘具纤毛; 假小穗多枚簇生于节上; 小穗具花 4～6朵,顶端小花不育; 颖 2～4; 外稃光滑,具15脉; 内稃先端微裂,背部具2脊,脊上覆白色纤毛; 鳞被3; 雄蕊6; 子房卵圆形,花柱1,柱头3,白色羽毛状。(3)流苏梨藤竹形态补充描述如下:箨耳线状或缺失; 箨舌显著,先端具长流苏状刚毛; 叶耳线形或缺失; 叶舌显著,上缘具长纤毛,后脱落呈齿状。该研究证实综合利用质体基因组和nrDNA序列在梨藤竹属物种鉴定中具有一定可行性; 对花序和营养器官形态的补充描述,也为大吊竹和流苏梨藤竹的准确鉴定提供了更全面的分类学依据。 |
| 关键词: 大吊竹, 流苏梨藤竹, 花序特征, 营养体特征, 补充描述, 超级条形码 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202503009 |
| 分类号:Q949 |
| 文章编号:1000-3142(2026)02-0299-12 |
| Fund project:国家自然科学基金地区基金(32260098); 云南省高层次人才培养支持项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2019-148)。 |
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| Molecular-assisted identification and complementary morphological description of Melocalamus scandens and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus(Bambusoideae) |
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HE Shunshun, LI Cheng, ZHANG Chao, ZHANG Yuxiao*
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College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
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| Abstract: |
| Complete morphological characteristics are important basis for species classification. Melocalamus scandens Hsueh & C. M. Hui and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus(Hsueh & C. M. Hui)D. Z. Li & Z. H. Guo are two species endemic to Yunnan. Currently, the morphological description of reproductive organs of M. scandens has not yet been reported, and based on field surveys and literature review, we found that the description of reproductive organs of the two bamboo species was incomplete in the original literature. Based on extensive field surveys, the super-barcodes plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA(nrDNA)sequences were exploited to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, so that the identities of individuals collected in the field could be confirmed. On this basis, characteristics of the reproductive organs of M. scandens were supplemented, and the features of the culm leaf ligule, and foliage leaf auricle and ligule were refined. Morphological information of the culm leaf auricle, and foliage leaf auricle and ligule of M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus were supplemented. The results were as follows:(1)Phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA sequences indicated that M. scandens and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus formed monophyletic clades with high support value, respectively; whereas in the plastid genome phylogenetic tree, the individuals of these two species were polyphyletic, possibly due to incomplete lineage sorting in this group.(2)Supplementary description of M. scandens: culm leaf ligules entire or dentate; foliage leaf auricles tiny or absent, oral setae present; upper margin of foliage leaf ligule ciliate; pseudospikelets clustered on nodes; florets 4-6 with the apex one sterile; glumes 2-4; lemma glabrous, 15-veined; palea slightly bifid apically, 2-keeled, keels with white cilia; lodicules 3; stamens 6; ovary ovate, style 1, stigmas 3, white, plumose.(3)Complementary description of M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus: culm leaf auricles linear or absent; ligules conspicuous, margin long fimbriate; foliage leaf auricles linear or absent; ligules conspicuous, margins dentate when fimbriae deciduous later. The study confirms that the feasibility of comprehensively utilizing plastid genomes and nrDNA sequences for species identification in the genus Melocalamus. The supplementary descriptions of inflorescence and vegetative organ morphology provide a more comprehensive taxonomic basis for the accurate identification of M. scandens and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus. |
| Key words: Melocalamus scandens, M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus, inflorescence characteristics, vegetative characteristics, complementary description, super-barcode |
