| 摘要: |
| 需冷量是促使猕猴桃花芽分化的关键因素,冬季低温积累不足会导致花芽发育异常,进而影响翌年产量,确定猕猴桃栽培品种的需冷量是目前待解决的问题。该文以中华猕猴桃品种‘仲和红阳'为试验材料,使用人工气候室设置5个时段(2、4、6、8、10 d)的4 ℃低温处理,模拟自然环境的冷积温模式,通过各处理组和对照组的开花及挂果情况来分析不同冷积温对猕猴桃生长发育的影响。结果表明:(1)不同时长的低温处理对‘仲和红阳'植株的开花结果有明显影响,其在4 ℃下处理6 d是最适宜的冷处理时长,开花数量为49朵,人工授粉之后挂果数量为17个,均显著高于其他组。(2)第2年对冷处理后的‘仲和红阳'植株进行追踪观察,发现仍可以正常开花且4 ℃下处理6 d的植株开花数量同样显著高于其他组,保留了冷处理效应。‘仲和红阳'猕猴桃的最低需冷量为576 h,在广东省的适宜种植区域为梅州、河源、韶关、清远和云浮5个地市。综上认为,‘仲和红阳'的需冷量较低,可以在华南地区推广种植。 |
| 关键词: 猕猴桃, 花芽分化, 需冷量, 低温处理, 冷处理记忆, ‘仲和红阳'猕猴桃 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202508002 |
| 分类号:Q945 |
| 文章编号:1000-3142(2026)04-0644-07 |
| Fund project:广东省科技计划项目(KTP20240155); 广州市科技计划项目(2024E04J0067); 河源市科技计划项目(河科社农大专项2023003,2025年省科技专项063); 清远市科技计划项目(2021SJXM018)。 |
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| Chilling requirement study for flowering of Actinidia chinensis cv. ‘Zhonghe Hongyang' |
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ZHENG Jiasheng, YAO Shuqin, LIANG Hong, ZHANG Xianzhi*
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College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
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| Abstract: |
| The chilling requirement(CR)is a critical factor promoting flower bud differentiation in kiwifruit(Actinidia spp.). Insufficient accumulation of low temperatures in winter will lead to abnormal flower bud development, which in turn impairs the yield in the subsequent year. Determining the CR of the Actinidia chinensis cv. ‘Zhonghe Hongyang' remains an unresolved issue to date.In this study, potted seedlings of the ‘Zhonghe Hongyang' were used as experimental materials. To determine the CR of this cultivar, the seedlings were exposed to cold treatments of different durations under controlled artificial low-temperature conditions. Meanwhile, the flowering performance of the kiwifruit plants in the second year after cold treatment was monitored to verify the existence of “chilling treatment memory”. An artificial climate chamber was employed to simulate the cold accumulation pattern in natural environments. Specifically, five cold treatment groups were set with 4 ℃ low temperature for durations of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 d, respectively; a control group was established concurrently. The effects of different cold accumulation levels on the growth and development of kiwifruit were analyzed based on the flowering and fruiting parameters. The results were as follows:(1)Different durations of cold treatment had a significant effect on the flowering and fruiting of ‘Zhonghe Hongyang' plants. The optimal cold treatment duration was 6 d at 4 ℃, under which the plants produced 49 flowers and 17 fruits, significantly higher than those in other treatment groups.(2)Follow-up observations in the second year showed that the cold-treated plants could flower normally. Among these, the group treated with 4 ℃ for 6 d still exhibited significantly better flowering performance than other groups, and could achieve normal fruit set after artificial pollination. The minimum CR of ‘Zhonghe Hongyang' when cultivated in Guangdong Province was 576 h, and the plants could retain the chilling treatment memory in the second year. Based on the CR results and the influence of terrain conditions, the suitable planting areas for this cultivar in Guangdong are Meizhou, Heyuan, Shaoguan, Qingyuan, and Yunfu. In all, the ‘Zhonghe Hongyang' variety has a low CR, which is suitable for cultivation in South China. |
| Key words: kiwifruit(Actinidia chinensisActinidia chinensis), floral bud differentiation, chilling requirement, low temperature treatment, cold treatment memory, Actinidia chinensis cv. ‘Zhonghe Hongyang' |
