| 引用本文: | 韦 靖, 熊 驰, 辛子兵, 温 放, 符龙飞.楼梯草族(荨麻科)植物的染色体多样性与生殖途径初探[J].广西植物,2026,(9):1553-1565.[点击复制] |
| WEI Jing, XIONG Chi, XIN Zibing, WEN Fang, FU Longfei.A preliminary study on chromosome diversity and reproductive pathways in plants of the tribe Elatostemateae(Urticaceae)[J].Guihaia,2026,(9):1553-1565.[点击复制] |
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| 楼梯草族(荨麻科)植物的染色体多样性与生殖途径初探 |
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韦 靖1,2, 熊 驰2, 辛子兵2, 温 放2, 符龙飞2*
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1. 桂林理工大学 旅游与风景园林学院, 广西 桂林541006;2. 广西喀斯特植物保育与
恢复生态学重点实验室, 广西壮族自治区
中国科学院 广西植物研究所, 广西 桂林 541006
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| 摘要: |
| 楼梯草族(Elatostemateae)是荨麻科(Urticaceae Juss.)中物种多样性最丰富的族,其分类学研究因形态特征的趋同演化而面临挑战。为深入理解该族的演化适应性,该研究采用根尖压片法测定染色体数目,结合流式细胞种子筛选法(FCSS)探究染色体倍性与生殖途径的关系,分别对9个物种的染色体和4个物种的生殖途径进行计数和检测,并整合分析了该族62个已知物种的染色体数据。结果表明:(1)检测的9个物种中,7个物种的染色体数目为首次报道。同时,楼梯草族具有复杂的染色体基数多样性和广泛的多倍化现象,尤其是楼梯草属(Elatostema)和冷水花属(Pilea)的变异最为显著,推测可能与其适应喀斯特极端生境有关; 在染色体基数层面,楼梯草属以x=13为主,冷水花属以x=12为主。(2)FCSS结果清晰揭示了倍性与生殖途径的一致关系,二倍体植株进行有性生殖,而三倍体植株主要通过无融合生殖形成种子。综上,无融合生殖是克服奇数倍体在有性生殖中遇到的“三倍体阻滞”的关键适应机制; 楼梯草族内染色体基数变异、多倍化和无融合生殖的协同作用,可能是该族物种在喀斯特生境下实现生态适应性与多样化的重要演化驱动力。 |
| 关键词: 楼梯草族, 染色体数目, 染色体基数, 多倍化, 无融合生殖, 细胞学, 系统发育 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202508016 |
| 分类号:Q942 |
| 文章编号:1000-3142(2026)09-1553-13 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(32160082); 广西自然科学基金项目(2022GXNSFAA035440); 中国科学院“西部之光”项目(人字 [2020]82号); 广西科学院基本业务费项目(CQZ-C-1901)。 |
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| A preliminary study on chromosome diversity and reproductive pathways in plants of the tribe Elatostemateae(Urticaceae) |
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WEI Jing1,2, XIONG Chi2, XIN Zibing2, WEN Fang2, FU Longfei2*
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1. College of Tourism and Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China;2. Guangxi
Key Laboratory of Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology in Karst Terrain, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi
Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China
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| Abstract: |
| The tribe Elatostemateae is the most species-rich tribe within the family Urticaceae Juss., yet its taxonomic study is significantly challenged by the convergent evolution of morphological traits. To gain a deeper understanding of this tribe's evolutionary adaptability, this study employed the root-tip squash method for chromosome number determination and utilized the flow cytometric seed screen(FCSS)to investigate the relationship between ploidy level and reproductive mode. Specifically, chromosome numbers were counted for nine species, and reproductive modes were examined for four species. Furthermore, chromosome data from 62 species with known data in the tribe were integrated and analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)Chromosome numbers for seven of the nine examined species were reported here for the first time. The tribe exhibited complex chromosome basic number diversity and widespread polyploidization, with the genera Elatostema and Pilea showing the most significant variability. This pattern was hypothesized to be associated with their adaptation to the extreme karst habitats; at the chromosome basic number level, Elatostema was predominantly characterized by x=13, while Pilea was primarily characterized by x=12.(2)The FCSS results clearly demonstrated a consistent correlation between ploidy and reproductive pathway, diploid individuals engaged in sexual reproduction, whereas triploid individuals primarily formed seeds via apomixis. In conclusion, apomixis acts as a critical adaptive mechanism for circumventing the “triploid block”, the reproductive barrier faced by odd polyploids during sexual reproduction; the synergistic interplay of chromosome basic number variation, polyploidization, and apomixis within the tribe Elatostemateae is posited as a significant evolutionary driver for the ecological adaptation and resulting diversification of its species in karst environments. |
| Key words: Elatostemateae, chromosome number, chromosome basic number, polyploidization, apomixis, cytology, phylogeny |
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