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何国华1,2,李 茜1,3,卢 励1,3,丰 硕1,3,邹 蓉1,韦 霄1,2,3,高丽梅1*
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(1. 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所,广西 桂林 541006； 2. 桂林理工大学 旅游与风景园林学院,广西 桂林 541006；3. 广西师范大学 生命科学学院,广西 桂林 541006）
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| 摘要: |
| 为揭示不同地理种源子代植株在光合及叶片功能性状上的差异及其与原生境环境因子的关联性，该研究以国家一级重点保护野生植物小叶红豆（Ormosia microphylla）为试验对象，选取3个不同地理种源的种苗在同质园条件下对比其光合特性、叶片解剖结构、气孔特征和叶绿素含量等功能性状差异，并结合种源地环境因子的差异进行综合分析。结果表明：（1）乐业（LY）种源的最大光合速率（Pmax）、CO2最大光合速率（Amax）、栅海比（PPT/SPT）、4个气孔指标、类胡萝卜素（Car）、叶绿素a与叶绿素b的比值（Chl a/Chl b）、类胡萝卜素与叶绿素的比值（Car/Chl a+b）均显著高于南丹、昭平2个种源（P＜0.05），拥有更强的光合潜能和物质积累能力，相比南丹和昭平种源，是更优质的种源。（2）不同种源地土壤因子对小叶红豆的叶片结构、气孔特征有显著影响，是影响不同地理种源小叶红豆光合特性的关键影响因子之一，种源地土壤酸碱度、Ca含量、Fe含量与小叶红豆光合速率呈显著正相关，高海拔种源的Pmax、Amax显著高于低海拔种源。（3）LY种源表现较高的光合优势，可作为进一步良种源选育和人工林建设的优选种源。综上所述，不同地理种源小叶红豆在光合速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量和叶片结构等方面存在显著差异，这些差异反映了小叶红豆在长期适应各自原生境气候与土壤条件所形成的遗传基础和表型分化。该研究为优良种质筛选及人工林建设提供科学依据。建议未来在更广泛的生态区位开展小叶红豆不同种源的跨区域栽培试验，并结合土壤改良和管理措施评估其适应性与生长潜力，从而优化种子转移区划和造林策略。 |
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| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202508006 |
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HE Guohua1,2, LI Xi1,3, LU Li1,3, FENG Shuo1,3, ZOU Rong1, WEI Xiao1,2,3, GAO Limei1*
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（1. Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China; 2. College of Tourism and Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China; 3. College of Life Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China)
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| Abstract: |
| This study focused on Ormosia microphylla, a nationally first-class protected wild plant. Seedlings from three distinct geographic provenances were grown under common garden conditions to compare their photosynthetic traits, leaf anatomical structure, stomatal characteristics, and chlorophyll content, with a comprehensive analysis incorporating environmental factors from the provenance sites. The aim was to investigate differences in photosynthetic performance and leaf functional traits among progeny from different provenances and their relationships with native-site environmental factors, providing a scientific basis for superior germplasm selection and plantation establishment. The results were as follows: (1) Seedlings from the Leye (LY) provenance exhibited significantly higher maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax), maximum CO2 assimilation rate (Amax), palisade-to-spongy mesophyll ratio (PPT/SPT), four stomatal indices, carotenoid content (Car), chlorophyll a/b ratio (Chl a/Chl b), and carotenoid-to-chlorophyll ratio (Car/Chl a+b) compared with seedlings from Nandan and Zhaoping provenances (P<0.05), indicating stronger photosynthetic potential and higher biomass accumulation capacity; LY therefore represents a superior provenance. (2) Soil factors at different provenance sites significantly influenced leaf structure and stomatal traits, serving as key determinants of photosynthetic performance. Soil pH, Ca content, and Fe content were positively correlated with photosynthetic rate, and high-altitude provenances exhibited significantly higher Pmax and Amax than low-altitude provenances. (3) The marked photosynthetic advantages of the LY provenance highlight its potential as a preferred source for breeding and plantation establishment. In summary, O. microphylla from different geographic provenances displayed significant variation in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and leaf structure. These differences reflect the genetic basis and phenotypic differentiation shaped by long-term adaptation to the climate and soil conditions of their native habitats. We recommend conducting cross-regional cultivation trials of O. microphylla from diverse provenances across broader ecological zones, combined with soil improvement and management practices, to evaluate adaptability and growth potential, thereby optimizing seed transfer zones and afforestation strategies. |
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