Page 17 - 《广西植物》2024年第11期
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11 期 魏新增等: 湖北省国家重点保护野生植物分布与研究进展 2 0 0 1
( 1. CAS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecologyꎬ Wuhan Botanical Gardenꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Wuhan 430074ꎬ
Chinaꎻ 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100049ꎬ Chinaꎻ 3. Wild Animal and Plant Conservation Station of Hubei Provinceꎬ
Wuhan 430079ꎬ Chinaꎻ 4. Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architectureꎬ Wuhan 430081ꎬ Chinaꎻ 5. Yangtze River Biodiversity
Research Centerꎬ China Three Gorges Corporationꎬ Wuhan 430010ꎬ China )
Abstract: The updated List of National Key Protected Wild Plants (LNKPWP) was released by National Forestry and
Grassland Administration and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China in 2021. By integrating literature
searchꎬ herbarium recordꎬ field investigation and expert consultationꎬ we compiled the updated listꎬ investigated the
geographic distribution mapꎬ research progressꎬ threatened statusꎬ and protection status of national key protected wild
plants (NKPWP) in Hubei Province. The results are as follows: (1) There are 155 species on the LNKPWP in Hubei
Provinceꎬ of which 11 species are protected at Category I and 144 species are protected at CategoryⅡ. (2) Geographic
distribution of NKPWP in Hubei Province is uneven and concentrated in West and Southwest Hubeiꎬ with Shennongjia
and Lichuan have the greatest numbers of NKPWP. (3) The most studied species are the species with economic valueꎬ
flagship species and regional representative species. In additionꎬ more than a third of the species (55 species) are almost
unstudied. The research of NKPWP in Hubei Province focused on genetic diversityꎬ genetic structureꎬ future distribution
prediction under global change conditionsꎬ and phylogeographyꎬ etc. (4) According to the Red List of China Biodiversity
— Volume of Higher Plantsꎬ the NKPWP in Hubei Province contain 9 critically endangered speciesꎬ 30 endangered
speciesꎬ 41 vulnerable species and 19 near ̄threatened species. The main threatened factors are direct mining or loggingꎬ
habitat degradation or lossꎬ and species intrinsic factors. (5) Until nowꎬ 137 (88.4%) species of NKPWP in Hubei
Province are wholly or partially located in protected areasꎬ and the remaining 18 species (11.6%) are completely located
outside protected areas. A total of 93 species of NKPWP have been introduced and cultivated in Hubei Provinceꎬ while
the other 62 species have not been recorded under ex situ conservation. In additionꎬ very few species have been
reintroduced into the wild. (6) Up to nowꎬ although the distribution ranges of seven wild plants in Hubei Province (five
of which are endemic to Hubei) are limited and they are negatively affected by internal causes and human interferenceꎬ
they have not been included in the LNKPWP. In additionꎬ this study points out the knowledge gaps in the research and
protection of NKPWP in Hubei Provinceꎬ and puts forward specific research suggestions and protection strategies.
Key words: national key protected wild plantsꎬ geographic distributionꎬ research gapꎬ endangered categoryꎬ in ̄situ
conservationꎬ ex ̄situ conservationꎬ Hubei Province
湖北省地处华中地区和长江中上游ꎬ位于南 黄梅 秤 锤 树 ( Sinojackia huangmeiensis) 为 湖 北 特
北气候过渡带ꎬ属亚热带季风气候ꎮ 华中-西南地 有种ꎮ
区为国际公认的生物多样性地区之一( Myers et 湖北省历来重视国家重点保护野生植物的资
al.ꎬ 2000ꎻ应俊生ꎬ2001)ꎮ 湖北省植被类型多样 源调查和保护( 葛继稳等ꎬ1998ꎻ张丽荣等ꎬ2009ꎻ
(乔秀娟等ꎬ2021)ꎬ植物多样性和珍稀濒危特有植 江明喜ꎬ2017ꎬ2019ꎻ王玉兵等ꎬ2017ꎻ杜巍和郑联
物丰富(葛继稳等ꎬ1998ꎻ张丽荣等ꎬ2009ꎻ董洪进 合ꎬ2018)ꎮ 彭 辅 松 和 李 鸿 钧 ( 1990) 报 道ꎬ 依 据
等ꎬ2016ꎻ江明喜ꎬ2019)ꎮ 湖北省分布维管植物 1982 年国务院环境保护办公室和中国科学院植物
292 科 1 571 属 6 292 种ꎮ 其中ꎬ苔藓植物 51 科 研究所编印的«国家重点保护植物名录» 湖北省有
114 属 216 种ꎬ蕨类植物 41 科 102 属 426 种ꎬ裸子 57 种国家重点保护植物ꎬ在第二批国家重点保护
植物 9 科 29 属 100 种ꎬ被子植物 191 科 1 326 属 植物中ꎬ湖北省又增加了 16 种ꎮ 董洪进等(2016)
5 550种ꎮ 天然分布的国家重点保护野生植物 150 统计了湖北省特有种子植物 129 种ꎬ其中大巴山
余种ꎬ 如 水 杉 ( Metasequoia glyptostroboides)、 银 杏 区分布最多ꎬ并且大部分特有种分布在保护区内
( Ginkgo biloba)、 红 豆 杉 ( Taxus wallichiana var. 得到了有效的就地保护ꎮ
chinensis)、南方红豆杉(T. wallichiana var. mairei)、 国家重点保护野生植物的重新发现是湖北省
大别山五针松( Pinus dabeshanensis)、珙桐( Davidia 加强珍稀濒危植物资源调查和保护的重要标志ꎮ
involucrata) 和 花 榈 木 ( Ormosia henryi) 等ꎮ 其 中ꎬ 小 勾 儿 茶 ( Berchemiella wilsonii ) 和 七 子 花