Page 38 - 《广西植物》2024年第11期
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2 0 2 2 广 西 植 物 44 卷
Abstract: Based on the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants and related data in 2021ꎬ combined with field
investigationꎬ the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants in Hainan Province was integratedꎬ and its composition and
floristic characteristics were analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) Among the national key protected wild plantsꎬ
the original Cycas changjiangensisꎬ C. hainanensisꎬ C. lingshuigensis and C. taiwaniana were incorporated into C.
taiwanianaꎻ compared with the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants in 1999ꎬ the original Semiliquidambar
cathayensis and Amphicarpaea linearis were removed from the protection levelꎬ and Bretschneidera sinensis was degraded
from Category I protection to the CategoryⅡprotection. A total of 127 species of national key protected wild plants were
addedꎬ and a total of 173 species (including varieties) with the addition of originalꎬ belonging to 53 families and 83
generaꎬ including 8 species of national Category I protected wild plants. There were 165 species of national CategoryⅡ
protected wild plants and 32 endemic species in Hainan Provinceꎬ which belonged to four groups. Among themꎬ the
angiosperm species were the most abundantꎬ with 129 species. (2) Based on years of field investigation information and
the results of this surveyꎬ C. rumphiiꎬ C. shanyagensisꎬ Alsophila costularis and Paphiopedilum purpuratum had not been
investigated. (3) The life forms of 173 protected plants were divided into five typesꎬ mainly phanerophytes (115
species)ꎬ followed by hemicryptophytes (34 species) and geocryptophytes (22 species)ꎬ and chamaephytes and cushion
plant were the least (1 species). (4) At the family levelꎬ Orchidaceae had the largest number of speciesꎬ including 47
species ( 27. 17%). At the genus levelꎬ Dendrobium had the largest number of speciesꎬ including 21 species
(12.14%). ( 5 ) The floristic elements were complex and had obvious tropical characteristics. The families were mainly
distributed in the pantropics and its variants. The genera were mainly distributed in tropical Asia and its variants. In
summaryꎬ the tropical nature and unique phenomena of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province are
obviousꎬ and there are many new protected species. Thereforeꎬ background investigation and dynamic monitoring should
be carried out continuouslyꎬ law enforcement should be strengthenedꎬ human factors of interference and destroy should
be reducedꎬ and in ̄situ and ex ̄situ protection measures should be taken to strengthen protection and management.
Key words: Hainan Provinceꎬ wild plants under national key protectionꎬ species compositionꎬ floristic characteristicsꎬ
protection measurements
我国是世界上植物多样性最丰富的国家之 特征研究对于揭示该区植物起源和区系演化具有
一ꎬ大约有 31 000 种维管植物( 覃海宁和赵莉娜ꎬ 重要意义ꎮ
2017)ꎮ 然而ꎬ随着近 30 年来人口和经济的爆发 海南省位于热带北缘ꎬ除海南岛主要陆地部
增长ꎬ自然生态系统遭到严重的破坏ꎬ我国的植物 分ꎬ还包括西沙、中沙、南沙、东沙群岛的岛礁及其
多样性正 面 临 巨 大 的 威 胁ꎮ 据 统 计ꎬ 有 4 000 ~ 海域ꎬ年平均气温 23 ℃ ꎬ属热带季风气候ꎬ年均降
5 000种植物濒临灭绝( Huangꎬ2011)ꎮ 2021 年经 水量2 068.6 mm( 苏冠波等ꎬ2022)ꎬ光照充足ꎬ旱
过第二次全国性野生植物资源的数量化调查ꎬ国 雨季明显ꎬ植被类型多样复杂ꎬ代表性的有红树
务院批准调整发布«国家重点保护野生植物名录» 林、低地雨林、山地雨林、高山云雾林等( 杨小波
(以下简称«名录»)(国家林业和草原局 农业农村 等ꎬ2019)ꎮ 海南省优越的自然地理条件ꎬ蕴藏着
部ꎬ2021)ꎬ同时废止 1999 年« 名录»ꎬ其中新列入 丰富的植物资源ꎬ掌握海南省分布的国家重点保
国家重点保护野生植物 455 种ꎮ 植物区系是一个 护野生植物资源现状ꎬ对植物多样性保护具有重
地区所有植物种类的集合体ꎬ 是组成植被分布的 要意义ꎮ 国家重点保护野生植物一直以来受到社
基础ꎬ 也是物种形成过程的空间反映(冯建孟和徐 会的关注度较高ꎬ在海南也一样ꎬ学者们都特别关
成东ꎬ2009)ꎬ包含地理成分和历史成分ꎮ 特有现 注国家级保护植物ꎬ自 1999 年« 名录» 发布后ꎬ许
象在植物区系的分析中具有非常重要的意义ꎬ它 多学者相继开展了海南省国家重点保护野生植物
可以表明植物区系的性质ꎬ如古老程度、与周边地 的相关研究ꎮ 马文辉等(2003) 依据« 中国植物红
区植物区系的亲密程度等ꎬ并可作为植物区系分 皮书—稀有珍稀濒危植物» 和 1999 年« 名录»ꎬ首
区的重要指标(党荣理和潘晓玲ꎬ2001)ꎬ因此区系 次厘清了海南省分布的珍稀濒危植物和国家重点