Page 193 - 《广西植物》2024年第7期
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7 期                  陈东亮等: 药用植物穿心莲离体培养技术及其应用研究进展                                          1 3 9 3

                 anti ̄cancerꎬ anti ̄HIVꎬ anti ̄inflammation and liver protection. Andrographolide is difficult to be synthesized artificiallyꎬ
                 mainly relying on extraction from cultivated plant materials. Howeverꎬ the quality of cultivated medicinal materials is
                 affected by various factors such as soilꎬ climateꎬ water and fertilizer managementsꎬ and A. paniculata has a long growth
                 cycleꎬ occupying land resources. The technology of plant in vitro culture has significant advantages in rapid propagation
                 of seedling and accumulation of active ingredientsꎬ which is one of the important ways to achieve production of active
                 ingredients rapidly and efficiently in A. paniculata. The in vitro regeneration technology system of A. paniculata is
                 becoming increasingly perfectꎬ and the in vitro regeneration technology from explants to complete plants is becoming
                 more and more matureꎬ and it has been applied in seedling propagation and ploidy breeding. At the same timeꎬ during
                 callus cultureꎬ cell suspension cultureꎬ adventitious root culture and hairy root culture of A. paniculataꎬ the
                 accumulation of andrographolide and other active ingredients in the culture could be greatly increased by optimizing the
                 culture conditions and using appropriate inducers. This paper comprehensively and systematically reviewed the research
                 advances on the in vitro culture technology of A. paniculata and production of andrographolide from the aspects of tissueꎬ
                 cellꎬ adventitious rootꎬ and hairy root cultures. This paper aimed to provide reference for promoting the development and
                 application of in vitro culture technology of A. paniculataꎬ as well as for the study of in vitro production of
                 andrographolide. It also put forward three aspects that need be focused on in future research on in vitro culture technology
                 of A. paniculata and the production of andrographolides by this technology: (1) To mature and improve the tissues in
                 vitro regeneration technology system of A. paniculataꎬ and to establish a comprehensive and systematic evaluation systemꎻ
                 (2) To further increase the yield of andrographolide and other important active ingredients by optimizing the culture
                 conditions and its combination with efficient inducersꎻ (3) To carry out researches in bioreactor culture of the production
                 of andrographolide by cell suspension culture technology.
                 Key words: Andrographis paniculataꎬ tissue cultureꎬ cell suspension cultureꎬ andrographolideꎬ advances


                穿心莲(Andrographis paniculata )又名一见喜、            Dalawai et al.ꎬ 2021ꎻ 钟楚等ꎬ 2021)ꎬ加上穿心莲
            印度草、榄核莲ꎬ为爵床科( Acanthaceae) 穿心莲属                    栽培面积受日益紧缩的土地资源约束ꎬ故仅依靠
            (Andrographis)一年生草本药用植物ꎬ其干燥地上                      从农业生产而来的植物原料中提取穿心莲内酯具
            部分入药ꎬ具有清热解毒、凉血消肿之功效( 国家                            有一定的局限性ꎮ
            药典委员会ꎬ2020)ꎮ 穿心莲是国家基本药物妇科                              植物组织、器官、细胞等离体培养已经发展成
            千金片、消炎利胆片等中成药的主要原料ꎬ也是穿                             为最具吸引力的次生代谢物生产替代途径之一
            心莲内酯滴丸、金鸡胶囊、穿心莲片、复方穿心莲                             (Murthy et al.ꎬ 2014ꎻEspinosa ̄Leal et al.ꎬ 2018)ꎮ
            片、清火栀麦片、玉叶清火胶囊等多种中成药的主                             植物离体培养技术包括组织培养、细胞悬浮培养、
            要组分ꎮ 穿心莲地上部分主要活性成分穿心莲内                             不定根培养、毛状根培养及原生质体培养等技术ꎬ
            酯是近 70 年来研究最广泛的天然产物之一ꎬ已经                           其在保持药用植物种性、药用活性成分积累及遗
            大量应用于临床ꎬ在抗癌、抗 HIV 病毒、抗炎、保肝                         传转化等研究方面都具有显著优势ꎮ 穿心莲组织
            等方面效果显著(Islam et al.ꎬ 2018ꎻ Burgos et al.ꎬ         培养技术研究始于 20 世纪 70 年代ꎬ目前技术体系
            2020ꎻ Ren et al.ꎬ 2021)ꎮ 随着对穿心莲及其活性                日益完善ꎬ从外植体到完整植株的组织离体再生
            成分药用价值的不断开发ꎬ穿心莲内酯等活性成                              技术日渐成熟ꎬ已在种苗繁育、倍性育种等方面有
            分商业化需求量巨大ꎮ 但是ꎬ因其结构复杂、人工                            了一定的应用ꎮ 同时ꎬ在穿心莲愈伤组织培养、细
            合成难度较大ꎬ目前主要从人工栽培而来的植物                              胞悬浮培养、不定根培养、毛状根培养过程中ꎬ通
            原料中提取ꎮ 尽管穿心莲已在印度、巴基斯坦、斯                            过优化培养条件和使用适宜的诱导子可大幅增加
            里兰卡、泰国、马来西亚、中国和印度尼西亚等国                             培养物中穿心莲内酯等活性成分的积累ꎮ
            家进行了广泛种植( Kandanur et al.ꎬ 2019ꎻ陈东亮                    本文从穿心莲组织、细胞、不定根及毛状根培
            等ꎬ2020)ꎬ但由于穿心莲内酯的生物合成和积累                           养等方面ꎬ全面系统地综述了近年来穿心莲离体
            与栽培种的基因型、栽培模式、气候因子、地理环                             培养技术以及通过离体培养技术生产其主要活性
            境等有关( Tajidin et al.ꎬ 2019ꎻ Rafi et al.ꎬ 2020ꎻ     成分的研究进展ꎬ并分析存在的问题ꎬ同时提出了
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