Page 6 - 《广西植物》2026年第1期
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2 广 西 植 物 46 卷
Abstract: To clarify the species compositionꎬ distribution characteristicsꎬ and ex situ conservation status of national key
protected wild plants (NKPWP) in Yunnan Provinceꎬ and to provide a scientific basis for future resource surveys and
conservation effortsꎬ we analyzed the species compositionꎬ county ̄level distribution and ex situ cultivation status of
NKPWP species distributed in Yunnan Province based on the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants ( 2021
edition). The results were as follows: (1) Yunnan Province harbored 543 NKPWP species (including infraspecific
taxa)ꎬ belonging to 178 genera and 89 families (accounting for 44.2% of China’s total NKPWP species). Specificallyꎬ
58 species were under GradeⅠprotectedꎬ and 485 species were under Grade Ⅱ protection. (2) Taxonomicallyꎬ the
NKPWP species in Yunnan Province included 5 species of bryophytes from 3 genera and 3 familiesꎬ 52 species of
lycophytes and ferns from 13 genera and 9 familiesꎬ 44 species of gymnosperms from 14 genera and 6 familiesꎬ 439
species of angiosperms from 145 genera and 68 familiesꎬ and 3 species of fungi from 3 genera and 3 families. Orchidaceae
was identified as the most species ̄rich family. (3) Of the total NKPWP species distributed in Yunnanꎬ 193 were
endemic to China (20 Grade I and 173 Grade Ⅱ protected)ꎬ 219 were threatened (72 critically endangeredꎬ 132
endangeredꎬ and 15 vulnerable)ꎬ and 89 were plant species with extremely small populations ( PSESP ). ( 4)
Geographicallyꎬ the NKPWP in Yunnan Province were concentrated in the southeasternꎬ southernꎬ westernꎬ and
northwestern regionsꎬ with Mengla County exhibiting the highest species richness (103 speciesꎬ accounting for 19.0% of
the provincial total NKPWP species). In contrastꎬ centralꎬ easternꎬ and northeastern Yunnan had relatively fewer
NKPWP species. (5) The Kunming Botanical Garden (KBG) had cultivated 602 NKPWP species ex situ (accounting
for 49.0% of China’s total NKPWP species) currentlyꎬ of which 216 species were distributed in Yunnan (accounting for
39.8% of the provincial total NKPWP species). In summaryꎬ this study identifies the shortcomings in the current
conservation of NKPWP in Yunnan Province and formulates targeted recommendations and strategies. Additionallyꎬ
according to the core values of the Kunming National Botanical Garden (candidate)ꎬ as outlined in the “ National
Botanical Garden System Layout Plan” approved by the State Council. It is recommended to prioritize resource surveys
and germplasm conservation efforts for the 270 NKPWP species not under ex situ conservation distributed in the Yunnan ̄
Guizhou Plateau and northwestern Yunnan Province.
Key words: national key protected wild plants ( NKPWP)ꎬ species compositionꎬ distribution patternꎬ conservation
statusꎬ Yunnan Provinceꎬ Yunnan ̄Guizhou Plateau
中国是全球生物多样性热点地区之一ꎬ拥有 上ꎬ保护形势严峻ꎮ
极其丰富的野生植物资源ꎮ 根据« 中国生物物种 为加强野生植物保护ꎬ1999 年ꎬ国家林业局与
名录(2025)»最新统计ꎬ我国现有高等植物 36 504 农业部联合发布了第一批« 国家重点保护野生植
种ꎬ约占全球总数的 10%(杜诚等ꎬ2024)ꎮ 云南有 物名录»(1999 版)ꎬ极大地推动了我国野生植物
高等植物约 19 365 种ꎬ占全国总数的 53.0%ꎬ其中 的保护工作ꎮ 2021 年 9 月ꎬ国家林业和草原局与
包含大量珍稀濒危物种ꎬ在全球生物多样性保护 农业农村部联合发布« 国家重点保护野生植物名
中具有举足轻重的战略地位( 郑静楠等ꎬ2023)ꎮ 录» (2021 版) ( 国家林业和草原局 农业农村部ꎬ
云南地处我国西南山地ꎬ地势呈现西北高、东南 2021)ꎬ共收录约1 229种ꎮ 2022 年 1 月ꎬ云南省发
低ꎬ自北向南呈阶梯状逐级下降ꎬ最低海拔 76 mꎬ 布了«云南省分布的国家重点保护野生植物名录»
最高海拔 6 740 mꎬ平均海拔 2 000 mꎮ 云南气候 ( https: / / lcj. yn. gov. cn / html/ 2022 / zdlyxxgkqt _
属于亚热带高原季风型ꎬ立体气候特征显著ꎬ同时 0127 / 65238.htmlꎬ下同)ꎬ包含 89 科 542 种ꎮ 自新
具有寒、温、热( 包括亚热带) 3 种气候带 ( Qian et 版名录颁布以来ꎬ已有研究围绕云南省国家重点
al.ꎬ 2020)ꎮ 古老的地质历史、完整的气候带和多 保 护 野 生 植 物 进 行 了 探 索ꎮ 例 如ꎬ 郑 进 烜 等
样的地形地貌ꎬ共同塑造了云南多样的植被类型 (2021)基于云南省第二次重点保护野生植物人工
和丰富的生态景观ꎬ使其成为享誉中外的“ 动植物 培植调查结果ꎬ全面分析了存在的野生资源过度
王国”和“生物多样性宝库”ꎮ 然而ꎬ云南也是我国 采伐利用和人工培植资源培育滞后等问题ꎻ马山
受威胁高等植物数量最多的省份ꎬ占全国一半以 俊等(2022)核实了昆明市各保护地国家重点保护

