Page 110 - 《广西植物》2026年第9期
P. 110
1 5 4 6 广 西 植 物 46 卷
Abstract: To clarify the species composition and geographical distribution of the genus Aspidistra in Chinaꎬ a taxonomic
study was conducted on specimens collected from Malipo Countyꎬ Yunnan Provinceꎬ along the China ̄Vietnam border
region. Based on field investigations and ex situ cultivation observationsꎬ combined with comparative analyses of
morphological characteristicsꎬ examination of herbarium specimensꎬ and verification of relevant literatureꎬ as well as
palynological observations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)ꎬ the plant was identified as Aspidistra stellata
Aver. & Tillich. This species is reported here as a new record for China. Previouslyꎬ it was only known from Tuyên
Quang Provinceꎬ Vietnam. The species is characterized by linear ̄lanceolate perianth lobes that are conspicuously longer
than the perianth tubeꎬ a peltate pistilꎬ and a stigma with a diameter of 8 - 10 mm. Morphologicallyꎬ it resembles
A. melanaster Aver.ꎬ K. S. Nguyen & Tillichꎬ differing mainly in leaf and flower size. Howeverꎬ the two species share
overlapping distributions and flower colorationꎬ suggesting a close phylogenetic relationship that warrants further
investigation to clarify species boundaries. The present study corrects inaccuracies in the original description regarding
the stigma. Morphological descriptionꎬ geographical distributionꎬ and palynology information are providedꎬ along with
color photographic plates. A diagnostic key to species of Aspidistra with perianth lobes longer than the perianth tube
(with included stigma) is also constructed to facilitate identification. In conclusionꎬ the discovery of this newly recorded
species not only enriches the known species composition of Aspidistra in China but also supplements baseline data on the
diversity of the family Asparagaceaeꎬ providing new empirical evidence for understanding the formation and evolutionary
history of the flora in the China ̄Vietnam border region.
Key words: Aspidistra stellataꎬ Asparagaceaeꎬ new recordꎬ Yunnanꎬ China ̄Vietnam border region
蜘蛛抱蛋属(Aspidistra Ker ̄Gawl.) 隶属于天门 属的物 种 形 成 及 快 速 辐 射 ( Huang et al.ꎬ 2023ꎻ
冬科(Asparagaceae)ꎬ全球分布于亚洲东部和东南 Yang et al.ꎬ 2025)ꎮ
部的热带和亚热带地区ꎬ其中中国南部和越南为 然而ꎬ蜘蛛抱蛋属物种多样性仍远未得到充
主要分布地区ꎬ有少数种类分布在老挝、泰国、马 分的认识和了解ꎬ该属中普遍存在的杂交、渐渗及
来西亚、印度东北部及日本南部等地( 郎楷永等ꎬ 近缘物种间性状重叠现象ꎬ不仅增加了分类与鉴
1999ꎻ Liang & Tamuraꎬ 2000ꎻ 李 光 照ꎬ 2004ꎻ 定的难度ꎬ而且还提示仍可能存在相当数量尚未
Tillichꎬ 2023)ꎮ 该属植物为多年生常绿草本ꎬ其 被发现和描述的物种ꎻ同时ꎬ已发表物种的地理分
花部形态结构丰富多样ꎬ是分类鉴定的重要依据ꎮ 布信息也有待深入调查挖掘ꎮ 中国南部与越南北
近年来ꎬ随着野外调查结合引种栽培观察的深入 部交界地区是蜘蛛抱蛋属物种多样性最为丰富的
开展ꎬ该属分类研究得到迅速发展ꎬ目前已超 240 区域( 蔡磊等ꎬ2019ꎻ李美贤等ꎬ2025)ꎮ 尽管在过
种(POWOꎬ 2025)ꎮ 其中ꎬ中国为该属植物自然分 去几年发现了许多新物种ꎬ但我们对该地区许多
布物种多样性最多的国家ꎬ已报道超过 140 种ꎬ主 物种的组成和分布情况仍知之甚少ꎮ 2023 年春季
要集中于华南和西南地区(Huang et al.ꎬ 2022ꎻZou 作者在云南中越边境地区进行植物多样性调查
et al.ꎬ 2025)ꎮ 与此同时ꎬ近年对蜘蛛抱蛋属的传 时ꎬ于麻栗坡县猛硐瑶族乡采集到一种开紫红色
粉生物学、遗传多样性和物种驱动进化等方面研 花的蜘蛛抱蛋属植物ꎬ并引种至桂林植物园栽培ꎬ
究也取得了阶段性进展ꎬ该属中部分物种与瘿蚊 随后观察到该植物每年春季正常开花ꎮ 通过形态
类传粉者之间形成了高度特化的育幼式传粉互惠 比较、标本与文献查证后ꎬ确认为中国蜘蛛抱蛋属
关系(Sun et al.ꎬ 2026)ꎮ 基于分子系统发育分析ꎬ 一新记录种ꎮ 本文对其进行了详细描述和比较
建立了蜘蛛抱蛋属 123 个物种的系统发育框架ꎬ 研究ꎮ
揭示该属为一个年轻的快速辐射类群ꎬ起源于中
新世和上新世的边界期ꎬ且为旧世界植物区系中 1 蜘蛛抱蛋属植物新资料
物种形成分化速率最快的类群之一ꎬ并发现古温
度、东亚季风变化、物种竞争以及传粉共生等多种 星花蜘蛛抱蛋 (新拟) 图 1、图 2
生物与非生物因素可以同时独立又协同地促进该 Aspidistra stellata Aver. & Tillichꎬ Nordic

