Page 175 - 《广西植物》2024年第10期
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10 期 蔺蕾等: 西藏札达县藏族有用野生植物的调查研究 1 9 7 7
Abstract: Wild plants play a pivotal role in peoples daily livesꎬ providing numerous necessities such as foodꎬ medicineꎬ
and living tools for survival. Zanda Countyꎬ located in the southwestern part of Ngari Prefectureꎬ Xizang Autonomous
Regionꎬ Chinaꎬ bordering Indiaꎬ serves as an important gateway for Chinas access to South Asia. This region used to
engage in prosperous and lively border trade. The region is characterized by a plateau sub ̄frigid arid climateꎬ and
characterized by low annual average temperatureꎬ low oxygen concentrationꎬ cold wintersꎬ and cool summers. The
Tibetan here has amassed rich traditional knowledge on the utilization of wild plants in adapting to the harsh
environment. To comprehensively and systematically investigateꎬ documentꎬ and study the traditional knowledge of the
Tibetan in Zanda County on the utilization of wild plantsꎬ ethnobotanical investigation methods were adopted. The
research involved interviews with 173 informantsꎬ recording 3 639 utilization reports (URs)ꎬ and conducted quantitative
analyses using use value (UV)ꎬ cultural value (CV)ꎬ and cultural importance index (CII) metrics. The results are as
follows: (1) The Tibetan in Zanda County possesses extensive traditional knowledge on the utilization of wild plantsꎬ
employing 119 speciesꎬ belonging to 40 families and 83 genera. (2) The utilization categories of wild plants in this area
are diverseꎬ with eight utilization categoriesꎬ and multiple plants possessing two or more uses simultaneously. (3) The
most significant plants in peoples lives are Carum carvi (UV = 1.220)ꎬ Artemisia stracheyi (UV = 0.919)ꎬ Rheum
acuminatum (UV= 0.890)ꎬ Cupressus sp. (UV= 0.769)ꎬ and Urtica dioica (UV= 0.757). Theses plants are intimately
connected to the lives of the local Tibetan and are deeply loved by them. (4) The intricate and diverse plateau
environment significantly influences the utilization of wild plants in this region. This study not only comprehensively and
systematically documents the utilization knowledge and characteristics of wild plants in Zanda Countyꎬ but also
contributes to the further exploration and rational utilization of local plant resourcesꎬ and promotes the inheritance of
traditional knowledgeꎬ contributing to the prosperity of local culture. In additionꎬ this study has positive implications for
biodiversity conservationꎬ helping to raise public awareness and protection consciousness towards biodiversityꎬ and
promoting the balance and harmonious development of the ecosystem.
Key words: ethnobotanyꎬ biodiversityꎬ Zanda Countyꎬ Tibetanꎬ traditional knowledge
野生植物在青藏高原具有不可估量的价值ꎬ 宗教信仰及其风俗习惯ꎬ宗教植物占据重要地位ꎬ
它 为 藏 区 人 民 的 生 活 提 供 了 坚 实 的 保 障 包括 用 于 制 作 藏 香 和 染 色 等 礼 仪 用 品 的 植 物
( Freiberger et al.ꎬ 1998ꎻ Aung et al.ꎬ 2016)ꎮ 它们 (Gokhale et al.ꎬ 2004ꎻ Macfoyꎬ 2004ꎻ Rana et al.ꎬ
作为食物资源ꎬ为藏族提供了丰富的野菜、野果及 2016)ꎬ因此当地藏族在日常生活中充分利用野生
调 味 品 ( Özhatay & Koçakꎬ 2013ꎻ Zhang et al.ꎬ 植物ꎬ代代相传ꎬ逐渐积累和传承了宝贵的传统知
2021)ꎬ这些植物富含糖类、脂质、蛋白质、维生素 识ꎮ 然而ꎬ目前经济的快速发展可能会带来植物
等必需营养物质( 王洁如和龙春林ꎬ1995ꎻ Tapanꎬ 利用传统知识的逐渐消失ꎬ具体原因:现代化的生
2011ꎻ Shi et al.ꎬ 2018)ꎬ以供身体所需ꎮ 不仅如 活方式和价值观逐渐取代了传统的生活方式和知
此ꎬ野生植物在藏族的健康管理方面发挥着举足 识体系ꎻ许多年轻人选择离开农村前往城市ꎬ导致
轻重的作用ꎮ 某些植物的特定部位ꎬ经过简单的 传统知识的传承受到一定影响ꎻ外来文化的涌入
加工处理ꎬ便能治疗多种疾病ꎬ对于地处偏远、交 可能会对本地传统文化产生冲击ꎬ导致本地传统
通不便、医疗保障薄弱的地区来说ꎬ这些植物至关 知识 受 到 威 胁 ( 王 娟ꎬ 2001ꎻ 淮 虎 银 和 高 红 明ꎬ
重要( Awan et al.ꎬ 2013ꎻ Wangchukꎬ 2013ꎻ Nisar 2013)ꎮ 因此ꎬ对野生植物及其传统知识进行调
et al.ꎬ 2014ꎻ Kibar & Temelꎬ 2016ꎻ Shi et al.ꎬ 查、记录和保护刻不容缓(Peiꎬ 2008)ꎮ
2018)ꎮ 此外ꎬ野生植物还为藏族提供了制作生活 札达县坐落于青藏高原ꎬ青藏高原是世界范
工具、 牲 畜 饲 料 以 及 取 暖 所 需 的 薪 柴 等 物 品 围内最重要的生物文化热点地区之一( 张镱锂等ꎬ
( Bhattacharyyaꎬ 1991ꎻ Wangyalꎬ 2012ꎻ Cakirꎬ 2021)ꎮ 青藏高原是主要的中华民族特色文化保
2017ꎻ Maroyiꎬ 2017ꎻ Guo et al.ꎬ 2022)ꎬ这些看似 护地ꎮ 中国西藏自治区阿里地区札达县作为一个
寻常的物品都深深依赖于野生植物ꎮ 由于藏族的 重要的南亚通道ꎬ曾拥有着活跃且热闹繁华的边