龙脷叶茎显微和薄层色谱鉴别的研究

Microscopic identification and TLC identification on stem of Sauropus spatulifolius Beille

关键词:  龙脷叶, 茎, 显微鉴别, 薄层色谱鉴别, 质量标准

Key words:   Sauropus spatulifolius Beille, stem, microscopic identification, TLC identification, quality standard

摘要:

龙脷叶(Sauropus spatulifolius Beille)为大戟科守宫木属植物,主要分布于我国的广西和广东等地,为广西常用壮药,具有润肺止咳、通便之功效,在民间使用广泛。现代研究表明,龙脷叶具有较好的抗炎和镇痛作用。全草均可入药,为国家药典收载品种。但其鉴别方法尚未完全建立,质量标准有待进一步完善。目前其叶与根的显微鉴别已有报道,而茎的鉴别未见有相关报道,因此有必要对龙脷叶茎的鉴别方法进行研究。该研究采用生药学显微鉴别和薄层色谱法对龙脷叶的茎进行了鉴别。结果表明:龙脷叶茎的主要显微特征为木栓层有7～12列细胞,皮层中含有较多淀粉粒,并含有纤维束,韧皮部窄,木质部宽,射线明显,髓部大; 粉末可见螺纹、网纹及梯纹导管, 伴有草酸钙簇晶,淀粉粒较小,有纤维。薄层色谱采用对照药材进行对照,发现样品斑点与对照药材斑点数量和位置一一对应。上述特征可作为鉴别和制定龙脷叶茎质量标准的参考依据, 该研究结果为建立龙脷叶茎的鉴别方法以及进一步建立其质量标准提供了科学依据。

Abstract:

Sauropus spatulifolius Beille belongs to euphorbiaceae sauropus herb,which is mostly distributed in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Guangdong Province. S. spatulifolius Beille is the Zhuang medicine of Guangxi which is used widely. The herb can be widely used for moistening lung and stopping coughing, and the catharsis effect is significant. Modern researches show that S. spatulifolius Beille has good anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The whole herb has high medicinal value, and it is contained in Chinese national pharmacopoeia. The identification method of S. spatulifolius Beille has not been established and the quality standards remained to be further perfected as so far. The microscopic identifications of the leaf and root have been reported, but the microscopic identification of stem has not been reported yet. In the paper, microscopic identification and TLC identification methods were used to identify the stem of S. spatulifolius Beille. The main microscopic characteristics of stem of S. spatulifolius Beille were as follows: cork layer was consisted of 7-12 column cells, many starch grains and fiber bundles were contained in cortex, and the phloem was narrow and the xylem was wide. The ray was obvious and the medulla was large. In the powder, there were spiral vessels, reticulated vessels, scalariform vessels, calcium oxalate crystal, fiber and small granule. In the TLC identification, the spots of the sample were the same as the control medicinal material. These characteristics provides the reference for the identification and the quality standard setting of S. spatulifolius Beille.