More>>

  • Total Visits：12094048
  • Visit today：19949

Monthly
Started in 1981
  • GUIHAIA
  • 2026, Vol.46, No.4
  • Publication date：2026-04-25
【Recommended article】LUO Maofang et al. Under the leadership of the Chinese presidency, the second part of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)adopted 62 decisions, in particular Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(KM-GBF), which is based on the theory of transformative changes. KM-GBF, its achievements, gaps, and lessons learned, and the experience and achievements of other relevant multilateral environmental agreements, sets out an ambitious plan to implement broad-based action to bring about a transformation in our societies' relationship with biodiversity by 2030, and draws a new blueprint for global biodiversity governance. This paper provides an interpretation of the three core targets of the framework — the “3030 target” for protected areas, resource mobilisation, and digital sequence information of genetic resources, a brief introduction to the relevant decisions to ensure the implementation of the framework, and recommendations for future conservation actions in China:(1)To strengthen the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation. Revision of China's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030)is an opportunity to involve the whole government and society in the process and to take action to promote the goals and targets of the KM-GBF;(2)To further develop detailed conservation plans, clarify the scopes, purposes and management measures of conservation areas, and implement responsible authorities and specific measures for implementing the plans. Researches on the Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures(OECMs)are needed to incorporate into the management system for biodiversity conservation;(3)To develop an operational indicator system and monitoring plan in accordance with the monitoring requirements of the framework targets;(4)To continue to strengthen awareness and education on biodiversity conservation, raise public awareness and attention to biodiversity conservation, and promote sustainable production and sustainable consumption in society as a whole;(5)To promote international cooperation vigorously to explore and promote Nature-based Solutions on a larger scale, and find pathways for economic and social development that have positive and beneficial effects on nature.

Detailed information>>

Current Issue 2026,Vol.46,No.4

Supplementary -- 2022
    • All| Deselect All|      Previous Issue|Next Issue
    • 2026,No.4 PDF(whole issue)
      2026,46(4)    [Abstract](1353)    [PDF](92)
    • 2026,No.4 Cover
      2026,46(4)    [Abstract](1042)    [PDF](130)
    • 2026,No.4 Contents
      2026,46(4)    [Abstract](1156)    [PDF](70)
      • Special Subject: Ecological Protection of the Lijiang River
    • CHANG Shili1, LU Zhaocen1, LIU Xin1,2, WU Youdong1,2, MO Minglin1,2, XU Weibin1*
      Research on plant diversity in the karst area of the Lijiang River basin
      The Lijiang River basin is located in Northeast Guangxi, China. The karst area here features the most typical peak forest plains and peak cluster depressions, making it one of the regions with the most typical and concentrated karst landform in Guangxi. Its unique karst landscapes and complex ecosystems, creating favorable conditions for the convergence of species and making it a region rich in biodiversity. To comprehensively understand the plant diversity in the karst area of the Lijiang River basin, a study was conducted through literature review, field investigation, and specimen identification, focusing on the composition of species diversity, floristic geographical components, endemic plants, and key protected plants etc. The results are as follows:(1)There are currently 1 273 species of wild vascular plants recorded in this area, including 97 species of lycophytes and ferns, 5 species of gymnosperms, and 1 171 species of angiosperms; the floristic composition is dominated by tropical components.(2)There are 16 Chinese endemic genera, 55 endemic species of Guangxi, and 124 karst obligate plants recorded in this area; additionally, there are 18 wild plant species under national key protected and 18 wild plant species under Guangxi key protection found from this area. The results of this research provides a comprehensive understanding of plant resources in the karst area of the Lijiang River basin, which can offer science and technology support for the ecological protection of the Lijiang River and the construction of the Guilin National Sustainable Development Agenda Innovation Demonstration Zone.
      2026,46(4):563-574    [Abstract](1148)    [PDF](131)
    • XIANG Wusheng1, WANG Bin1, HU Tianyu2, LU Fang1, TAO Wanglan1, LI Dongxing1, LI Jianxing1, LI Xiankun1*
      Vegetation types and distribution in the Lijiang River basin based on the new generation 1:500 000 China vegetation map compilation method
      The Lijiang River basin, located in a typical karst region of southern China, has an ancient stratigraphic origin and a long history of karst development. It harbors diverse and spatially complex vegetation alliance types. However, highresolution distribution data at the alliance level have been lacking. Based on the new generation 1:500 000 China vegetation map compilation method, which integrates crowdsourced vegetation data, multi-source remote sensing fusion, and multi-scale image segmentation, this study identified the major vegetation alliance types(or alliance groups)in the Lijiang River basin and analyzed their area composition and spatial distribution patterns. The results were as follows:(1)The vegetation types exhibited high diversity and complexity. A total of 4 vegetation formation groups, 10 vegetation formations, and 23 alliances(groups)were identified.(2)Anthropogenically influenced vegetation types accounted for more than 87% of the basin's area. Specifically, Pinus massoniana forest, P. massoniana mixed needleleaf and broadleaf forest, Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, and Phyllostachys edulis forest together occupied over 61% of the basin, while agricultural vegetation(food crops and orchards)covered approximately 26%. In contrast, primary zonal evergreen broadleaf forests(e.g., Castanopsis eyrei forest and C. carlesii forest)together comprised less than 5% of the total basin area.(3)Clear spatial differentiation patterns were observed among alliances. Zonal alliances were strictly confined to nonkarst mountains(e.g., Yuechengling, Haiyangshan, Jiaqiaoling), whereas nonzonal alliances(e.g., Cyclobalanopsis glauca mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaf forest, Vitex negundo + Loropetalum chinense shrubland)dominated the karst areas. Vertically, a distinct altitudinal zonation was evident, transitioning from typical evergreen broadleaf forest belt to mixed evergreendeciduous broadleaf forest belt. Horizontally, forest alliances mainly occupied the surrounding mountainous regions, whereas shrubland and agricultural alliances prevailed in the central gentle terrain. This study reveals the classification, area composition, and spatial distribution patterns of vegetation alliances in the Lijiang River basin, providing a scientific basis and supporting evidence for the conservation and restoration of the basin's vegetation ecosystems, as well as for sustainable development planning and assessment.
      2026,46(4):575-585    [Abstract](1096)    [PDF](113)
      • Special Subject: Protection and Utilization of Kiwifruit Resources
    • ZHANG Sheng1, SHI Binbin1, LIU Qing1, ZHONG Weimin1, QI Yong1, TANG Dongmei1*, ZHOU Jia1,2*
      Chloroplast genome characteristics and comparative analysis of nine Actinidia species in Guizhou
      To elucidate the chloroplast genomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationships within the genus Actinidia, nine species distributed in Guizhou Province, including A. polygama, A. rubricaulis var. coriacea, and A. callosa var. henryi, were selected in this study. Based on next-generation sequencing data, we performed chloroplast genome assembly, annotation, and comparative genomic analysis to systematically investigate their genomic characteristics and phylogenetic relationships. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genomes of all nine Actinidia species were double-stranded circular molecules with a typical quadripartite structure. Their full lengths ranged from 155 660 to 156 770 bp, and the overall GC content varied from 37.21% to 37.33%, indicating high similarity in genome size.(2)A total of 130 genes were annotated in most species, including 83 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes, except that 129 genes were annotated in A. fulvicoma and A. fortunatii.(3)Codon usage bias was similar among species, with a preference for A/U at the third codon position. A total of 491 simple sequence repeat(SSR)loci were identified, encompassing six repeat types ranging from mononucleotide to hexanucleotide.(4)Comparative genomic analysis revealed that sequence variation was higher in the large single copy(LSC)and small single copy(SSC)regions than in the inverted repeat(IR)region, and that non-coding regions exhibited more pronounced variation than coding regions. Nine divergent gene fragments were identified, including intergenic spacers such as rps16-trnQ-UUG, ndhC-trnV-UAC, and the rbcL-accD region.(5)Phylogenetic analysis resolved the nine species into four clades: A. polygama was phylogenetically distant from the others; A. chinensis and A. chinensis var. deliciosa clustered together; A. callosa var. henryi, A. rubricaulis var. coriacea, A. fortunatii, and A. fulvicoma formed a distinct clade; and A. latifolia showed the closest relationship with A. eriantha. This study has provided an important basis at the chloroplast genome level for the identification and conservation of kiwifruit germplasm resources in Guizhou Province, and has also accumulated key data and a theoretical basis for the taxonomy, phylogeny and molecular identification of this genus.
      2026,46(4):586-600    [Abstract](1088)    [PDF](125)
    • FENG Xin1,2, HUANG Qingqing1, GAO Minxia1,2, CHEN Yiting1,2*
      Identification of kiwifruit AcPAL family genes and their expression patterns during fruit ripening
      Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as fruit ripening. To investigate the characteristics of the AcPAL gene family in kiwifruit(Actinidia chinensis)and their expression profiles during fruit ripening, a genome-wide identification of AcPAL genes was performed, followed by analyses of their sequence characteristics, encoded protein properties, promoter cis-acting elements, gene structures, and phylogenetic relationships. Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR)was employed to detect the expression patterns of these genes in different tissues and during fruit ripening. The results were as follows:(1)A total of seven kiwifruit AcPAL genes were identified and designated as AcPAL1-AcPAL7, respectively. The proteins encoded by the AcPAL family genes consisted of 706-722 amino acids, and all of them were stable acidic proteins. These proteins possess the conserved domain(PLN02457)and active site motif(GTITASGDLVPLSYIA).(2)Chromosomal localization and collinearity analyses revealed that one tandem duplication event and ten segmental duplication events were the major driving forces for the expansion of the AcPAL family members.(3)Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that all AcPAL family members clustered within the dicotyledon clade and showed a close genetic relationship with CsPAL proteins from Camellia sinensis.(4)The promoters of AcPAL family genes contain a various cis-acting elements involving light response, stress response, hormone response, as well as growth and development regulation.(5)qRT-PCR results showed that different AcPAL members exhibited differential expression patterns in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruits of kiwifruit. Notably, four members(AcPAL2, AcPAL3, AcPAL4 and AcPAL5)were significantly up-regulated during postharvest fruit ripening. This expression pattern was consistent with the marked increase in PAL enzyme activity, and their expression was induced by abscisic acid(ABA). These findings provide candidate genes and a theoretical basis for further investigation into the functions of AcPAL genes in the formation of postharvest fruit quality in kiwifruit.
      2026,46(4):601-614    [Abstract](1086)    [PDF](125)
    • ZHANG Meijuan1, CHANG Zirui1, LI Jinling1, LIU Ruonan2,3, GAO Jianyou2, LIU Cuixia2, LI Jiewei2, WANG Faming2*
      Identification of the HMGR gene family in kiwifruit (Actinidia valvata)and its response to waterlogging stress
      3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase(HMGR)is a key enzyme in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway and plays a vital role in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stress. To investigate the characteristics of the AvHMGR gene family and its function under waterlogging stress, a genome-wide identification of the AvHMGR gene family in Actinidia valvata was performed using bioinformatics approaches. Comprehensive analyses were conducted on their chromosomal localization, gene structures, conserved protein domains, and cis-acting elements in promoter regions, etc. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 12 AvHMGR family members were identified in the A. valvata genome and were located across 12 different chromosomes. These AvHMGR genes encoded proteins ranging from 514 to 597 amino acids in length, all of which were predicted to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, AvHMGR members were grouped into three clusters.(2)Promoter analysis revealed abundant hormone-responsive elements and stress-responsive elements within the AvHMGR promoters.(3)Expression profiling showed that AvHMGR6b and AvHMGR9a/b exhibiting relatively high expression levels at different tissues and fruit developmental stages; AvHMGR5a/b were up-regulated after 12 h of salt stress, suggesting their involvement in short-term salt stress response.(4)Under waterlogging stress, multiple AvHMGR genes including AvHMGR5b, AvHMGR6a/b, AvHMGR9a/b, and AvHMGR21a were significantly up-regulated in both leaves and roots, suggesting that AvHMGRs played a critical role in plant responses to waterlogging stress. The sults of this study provides a theoretical foundation for further research on the functional characterization of HMGR in plant responses to waterlogging stress and lays a fundamental basis for future breeding efforts aimed at enhancing kiwifruit tolerance to waterlogging stress.
      2026,46(4):615-629    [Abstract](1080)    [PDF](106)
    • XIA Liming, YE Kaiyu, JIANG Qiaosheng, GAO Jianyou, LI Jiewei, LIU Cuixia, ZHU Rongxiang, GONG Hongjuan, QI Beibei, WANG Faming*
      Physiological changes and transcriptome analysis of Actinidia rubricaulis var. coriacea during dormancy
      This study selected Actinidia rubricaulis var. coriacea as the research subject, systematically measuring chilling requirements and integrating physiological-biochemical assays with high-throughput transcriptome sequencing to elucidate dynamic changes in bud carbohydrate metabolism, endogenous hormone balance, and antioxidant enzyme systems during the process from the dormancy initiation to the dormancy release. The results were as follows:(1)With chilling accumulation, bud soluble sugar content significantly increased(approximately two fold of initial stage)while starch content markedly decreased(to about half of initial level)by dormancy release, indicating a dynamic metabolic shift from starch degradation to soluble sugar accumulation.(2)Endogenous hormone levels exhibited stage-specific changes, with abscisic acid(ABA)content decreasing from 486.75 μg·L-1 at initial stage to 218.45 μg·L-1 at dormancy release stage, and gibberellin(GA)content increasing from 214.23 pg·mL-1 to 614.75 pg·mL-1, resulting in an ABA/GA ratio decline from 2.27 to 0.36, suggesting a hormonal shift toward germination promotion.(3)Antioxidant enzyme system(SOD, POD, etc.)activities peaked at 192 h of chilling accumulation, indicating enhanced antioxidant capacity as a response to cold stress.(4)Transcriptome analysis identified 12 685 differentially expressed genes(DEGs), with 6 067 genes up-regulated and 6 618 genes down-regulated, enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, and environmental response pathways, revealing a multi-gene coordinated regulatory mechanism. This work, for the first time at the systems level, elucidates the physiological-transcriptomic coordinated regulatory mechanism of chilling requirement accumulation in A. rubricaulis var. coriacea, providing a foundation for addressing climate warming-induced dormancy disorders and related breeding research.
      2026,46(4):630-643    [Abstract](1086)    [PDF](86)
    • ZHENG Jiasheng, YAO Shuqin, LIANG Hong, ZHANG Xianzhi*
      Chilling requirement study for flowering of Actinidia chinensis cv. ‘Zhonghe Hongyang'
      The chilling requirement(CR)is a critical factor promoting flower bud differentiation in kiwifruit(Actinidia spp.). Insufficient accumulation of low temperatures in winter will lead to abnormal flower bud development, which in turn impairs the yield in the subsequent year. Determining the CR of the Actinidia chinensis cv. ‘Zhonghe Hongyang' remains an unresolved issue to date.In this study, potted seedlings of the ‘Zhonghe Hongyang' were used as experimental materials. To determine the CR of this cultivar, the seedlings were exposed to cold treatments of different durations under controlled artificial low-temperature conditions. Meanwhile, the flowering performance of the kiwifruit plants in the second year after cold treatment was monitored to verify the existence of “chilling treatment memory”. An artificial climate chamber was employed to simulate the cold accumulation pattern in natural environments. Specifically, five cold treatment groups were set with 4 ℃ low temperature for durations of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 d, respectively; a control group was established concurrently. The effects of different cold accumulation levels on the growth and development of kiwifruit were analyzed based on the flowering and fruiting parameters. The results were as follows:(1)Different durations of cold treatment had a significant effect on the flowering and fruiting of ‘Zhonghe Hongyang' plants. The optimal cold treatment duration was 6 d at 4 ℃, under which the plants produced 49 flowers and 17 fruits, significantly higher than those in other treatment groups.(2)Follow-up observations in the second year showed that the cold-treated plants could flower normally. Among these, the group treated with 4 ℃ for 6 d still exhibited significantly better flowering performance than other groups, and could achieve normal fruit set after artificial pollination. The minimum CR of ‘Zhonghe Hongyang' when cultivated in Guangdong Province was 576 h, and the plants could retain the chilling treatment memory in the second year. Based on the CR results and the influence of terrain conditions, the suitable planting areas for this cultivar in Guangdong are Meizhou, Heyuan, Shaoguan, Qingyuan, and Yunfu. In all, the ‘Zhonghe Hongyang' variety has a low CR, which is suitable for cultivation in South China.
      2026,46(4):644-650    [Abstract](1240)    [PDF](87)
    • DU Chunmei1,2, ZHAO Yue1, TANG Qianli1, LIU Jingwen1, WANG Jialiang1, LIU Dejiang1,2*
      Research advances on microbial control of kiwifruit bacterial canker
      Kiwifruit bacterial canker(KBC), caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae, is a devastating disease. Compared with chemical control methods, microbial-based disease control offers significant advantages, including exceptional environmental compatibility, robust sustainability, and a reduced likelihood of developing pathogen resistance. Through literature review, this article systematically summarizes the disease characteristics, pathogenic bacterium, and transmission routes, as well as the main microorganism species used in biological control, core biocontrol mechanisms, and practical applications of microorganisms in the biocontrol of KBC. The aim of this study is to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the sustainable biocontrol of KBC. The results are as follows:(1)Biocontrol microorganisms are highly diverse. The microorganisms with control effects on KBC mainly included four categories: bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, and bacteriophages. Among these, Bacillus and Pseudomonas(bacteria)and Streptomyces(actinomycetes)are the most widely used and exhibit significant efficacy.(2)The biocontrol mechanisms involve both direct and indirect pathways. Direct mechanisms include the secretion of antimicrobial peptides, antibiotics and other antimicrobial substances to dissolve pathogenic bacterial cell walls, blocking infection sites through nutritional competition and spatial occupation, as well as direct disruption of pathogen structure via parasitism; indirect mechanisms primarily involve the induction of systemic resistance in host plants to enhance resistance to KBC. Most highly effective biocontrol strains employ both mechanisms, demonstrating superior efficacy compared with strains relying on a single mechanism.(3)In the same study, the control efficacies and stability of composite microorganism agents are generally superior to those of single microorganisms. The synergistic effects among different strains not only broaden the antimicrobial spectrum but also enhance the colonization rate and stress tolerance of the strains on plant surfaces. In summary, this article clearly identifies the core issues in the current field of KBC biocontrol and puts forward targeted recommendations.
      2026,46(4):651-670    [Abstract](1144)    [PDF](90)
    • GAO Jianyou1, ZHU Rongxiang1, YUAN Ping2, JANG Qiaosheng1, LIU Cuixia1, XIA Liming1, YE Kaiyu1, WANG Faming1*
      Effect of leaf water deficit on resistance to bacterial canker in kiwifruit
      To clarify the correlation mechanism between moisture conditions and Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae(Psa)infection in kiwifruit, this study used the highly susceptible cultivar ‘Hongyang' with two relative humidity treatments: 60%±2%(water deficit group)and 90%±2%(high humidity group). Colony counting, fluorescence observation, and scanning electron microscopy were employed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of moderate water deficit treatment on bacterial canker. The results were as follows:(1)Plants under early water deficit treatment exhibited higher initial activities of catalase(CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione reductase(GR)and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL), lower stomatal aperture, and had only about 1/5 of the pathogen load in leaves compared to the high humidity group after 12 days inoculation.(2)When infected plants from the high humidity group were transferred to water deficit conditions, leaf fluorescence showed diffuse patterns after 7 days, and pathogen mortality reached 99.38% after 12 days of treatment; this treatment effectively induced a decrease in leaf water potential, stomatal closure, and significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. In conclusion, water deficit reduces pathogen invasion by decreasing leaf water potential and promoting stomatal closure, while enhancing plant resistance through antioxidant enzyme regulation, not only inhibiting Psa infection and proliferation but also eliminating established pathogens. This study confirms that moderate water deficit effectively controls kiwifruit bacterial canker, enriches the “water-plant-pathogen” interaction framework. It provides new ideas and theoretical references for the prevention and control of bacterial canker in kiwifruit, and also lays a theoretical foundation for the popularization of field water management strategies such as rain-sheltered cultivation.
      2026,46(4):671-681    [Abstract](1038)    [PDF](115)
    • HUANG Wenjun, YANG Jie, ZHANG Qi, HAN Fei, LV Haiyan, ZHONG Caihong*
      Effects of different harvest times on storage performance, quality and response to low temperature of kiwifruit ‘Donghong'
      In order to elucidate the effects of different harvest times on fruit maturity, storage performance, eating quality, and response to low temperature of the new red-fleshed kiwifruit cultivar ‘Donghong', the fruits of ‘Donghong' grown in Danjiangkou City, Hubei Province, were harvested at nine different times(H1-H9), ranging from 125 to 181 days after full bloom(DAFB)in this study. One group of the fruit was stored at 1 ℃ for 16 weeks to evaluate the effects of different harvest times on fruit maturity, softening rate, storage disorder, and soft ripening quality. Another group of the fruit was stored at 1, 5, 10, 20 ℃ for 7 days to assess the influence of different harvest times on the fruit's response to low temperature. The results were as follows:(1)The fruit from H1 to H6 exhibited similar early maturity at harvest, whereas those from H7 to H9 had an advanced maturity, with the fruit being in a rapid softening phase. However, no significant difference in dry matter content were observed among each harvest time except between H1 and H2.(2)Harvest time significantly affected fruit softening process during cold storage. The early-harvested(H1-H3)fruits displayed a typical sigmoidal softening curve with three distinct phases(slow-fast-slow), while the mid- and late-harvested fruits showed an incomplete sigmoidal curve with only one or two softening phases.(3)The time taken for fruit firmness to reach the edible threshold(9.81 N)decreased significantly with delayed harvest, from 15 weeks for H1 to 3 weeks for H9.(4)Only the early-harvested(H1-H3)fruits exhibited a relatively high rot rate(5.0%-16.5%), while the rates for all other harvest times were within the range of 1.0%～2.0%.(5)Harvest time had no significant overall effect on indicators, such as soluble solids content(SSC), total sugar, total acidity, SSC/acidity, and sugar/acidity in ripe fruit, while vitamin C content progressively declined with delayed harvest.(6)The capacity of fruit to respond to 10 ℃ low-temperature induction with accelerated softening was evident across different harvest times, but this capacity weakened in the H8-H9 fruits with delayed harvest. In conclusion, harvesting ‘Donglong' kiwifruit too early(H1-H3)increases the risk of storage rot, while harvesting too late(H7-H9)significantly shortens storage period. However, harvest time has no significant effect on the main flavor quality traits, such as SSC, total sugar, total acidity, and their respective ratios. The period of 159-165 DAFB, corresponding to a fruit firmness of approximately 55 N, represents the critical point for rapid softening. It is recommended to harvest before this critical point and utilize 10 ℃ treatment to achieve rapid post-ripening of the fruits.
      2026,46(4):682-693    [Abstract](1342)    [PDF](91)
    • LI Lili1,2, ZHANG Yuming1,2, YANG Chengjun4, SHEN Jian1,2, N. V. Skrypchenko2,3, LIU Dejiang1,2, CAO Manjun1,2*
      Comparison and analysis on nutrient accumulation laws of Actinidia arguta‘Jiuyue' and ‘Huanyou No.1'
      This study aimed to investigate the dynamic changes in fruit characteristics and nutrient accumulation laws in two cultivars of Actinidia arguta, ‘Jiuyue' and ‘Huanyou No.1'. Fruits at different growth stages were taken as test materials, and measurements were conducted according to methods specified in national standards, encompassing three dimensions(length, width, thickness), single fruit weight, total sugars, total acids, 17 amino acids, 4 vitamins, mineral elements, and total dietary fiber content. The results were as follows:(1)The fruit development for both ‘Jiuyue' and ‘Huanyou No.1' could be divided into four distinct growth stages: young fruit stage, fruit expansion stage I, fruit expansion stage II, and maturation stage, with both cultivars exhibiting a fruit shape index exceeding 1.(2)In ‘Jiuyue' fruits, only the contents of glutamic acid, arginine, and methionine increased, while in ‘Huanyou No.1' fruits, only glutamic acid showed an increasing trend; all other amino acids decreased. The tyrosine content decreased significantly to(342.06±1.13)mg·kg-1(an 88.52% reduction)in ‘Jiuyue' and(245.18±0.44)mg·kg-1(a 94.32% reduction)in ‘Huanyou No.1'. Glutamic acid became the most abundant amino acid during the fruit expansion II and maturation stages, reaching levels of(1 971.11±1.18)mg·kg-1 in ‘Jiuyue' and(1 397.68±0.23)mg·kg-1 in ‘Huanyou No.1'.(3)Both cultivars were rich in vitamin C, showing a consistent trend of an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease.(4)Mineral element contents exhibited considerable fluctuation during the early growth stages. The potassium content increased, while the contents of other measured minerals decreased, with calcium showing the most pronounced decline(75.00%).(5)The total acid content increased initially and then decreased, while the total sugar contents increased rapidly upon entry into the maturation stage.(6)The dietary fiber contents of both cultivars displayed a significant decreasing trend after the fruit reached maturity. The results of this study indicate that fruits of both ‘Jiuyue' and ‘Huanyou No.1' possess a favorable fruit shape, are rich in vitamins, mineral elements, and dietary fiber, and have a moderate sweetness, indicating high potential for promotion and commercialization. The differential accumulation patterns of various compounds throughout fruit development provide valuable insights for assessing the nutritional and potential medicinal value of the fruits. Furthermore, these findings offer crucial guidance for optimizing agricultural practices to enhance fruit quality and nutrient content.
      2026,46(4):694-707    [Abstract](1004)    [PDF](93)
      • Plant Physiology and Development
    • ZHU Zhoujun*, MING Yongzhong, RAO Xue, ZHAO Junru, SU Xinyu, YANG Hong, YANG Chuandong
      Comparative study on pollen fertility and morphology of Camellia cuspidata in Fanjing Mountain
      This study aimed to investigate the variations in pollen fertility and morphological characteristics among different provenances of Camellia cuspidata from Fanjing Mountain, thereby providing insights for parental selection in hybrid breeding. Nine superior variety individuals of C. cuspidata from different provenances were used as experimental materials. Pollen number was determined using a cellulase decomposition method, pollen viability was assessed through in vitro agar germination assays, and pollen morphological features were observed via scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Cluster analysis was conducted based on the following quantitative traits: polar axis length(P), equatorial axis diameter(E), sulcus length(L), P/E value, P × E value, and L/P value. The results were as follows:(1)C. cuspidata from Fanjing Mountain exhibited high pollen productivity and viability. The number of pollen grains per anther ranged from 4 780 to 12 950. Pollen germination rate exceeded 91.20% in all genotypes except for FJSCF9, which showed a germination rate of 71.43%.(2)The exine ornamentation of C. cuspidata pollen included six distinct types: foveolate, reticulate, cerebroid, rugulate-granular, rugulate-reticulate, and rugulate. Considerable morphological variation was observed among the nine provenances. Pollen size(P × E value)ranged from 1 903 to 2 275.92 μm2, and the pollen L/P values between 0.79 and 0.89. The polar axis length of FJSCF3(64.20 μm)was significantly greater than those of other provenances(P<0.05), while the sulcus length of FJSCF12(43.77 μm)was significantly shorter than those of other provenances(P<0.05).(3)Cluster analysis classified the nine provenances into three groups: Group I comprised six accessions(FJSCF1, FJSCF4, FJSCF8, FJSCF9, FJSCF10, and FJSCF11), characterized by medium-sized pollen; Group Ⅱ included two accessions(FJSCF12 and FJSCF13)with relatively small pollen; Group Ⅲ consisted solely of FJSCF3, which had the largest pollen grains, along with the greatest P and P × E values(64.20 μm and 2 275.92 μm2, respectively). In conclusion, the nine provenances of C. cuspidata from Fanjing Mountain demonstrated high pollen fertility, suggesting their potential use as paternal parents in hybridization breeding. Additionally, pollen morphology and exine sculpturing patterns can serve as auxiliary indicators for intraspecific classification and identification.
      2026,46(4):708-716    [Abstract](1067)    [PDF](81)
    • ZHANG Qianghao, YANG Yaowen, GENG Shunjun, GAO Xiaojun, GAO Qian, YA Huajin, LI Mingqian*
      Effects of extended winter tapping and ethephon on latex physiology and yield of rubber tree Yunyan 77-4
      In order to explore the specific effects of extending rubber tapping time on the latex physiological characteristics and latex production and flow performance of the cold-resistant rubber tree cultivar Yunyan 77-4 under low-temperature conditions in winter in Yunnan, this study took Yunyan 77-4 with 3 years of tapping age as materials. A continuous 6-month rubber tapping experiment was conducted from September to February of the following year, using 0% ethephon(ET, control)and 0.5% ET. The study systematically determined latex physiological parameters [sucrose(SUC), thiol(RSH), inorganic phosphorus(Pi), total solid content(TSC)], latex yield, and environmental factors(air temperature, soil moisture content), and analyzed the key influencing factors through correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results were as follows:(1)The 0.5% ET treatment significantly increased the contents of SUC, RSH, Pi, and latex yield, while decreased TSC; during the extended tapping period(December to February of the following year), the contents of SUC, RSH and Pi maintained at relatively high levels, and TSC remained at a low level, which facilitated latex production and flow.(2)The average dry rubber yield per tree per tapping in the 0.5% ET treatment was 84.85 g, which was 1.68 times that of the control(50.39 g); moreover, during the extended tapping period, the yield per tree per tapping of both treatments maintained at relatively high levels.(3)Correlation analysis result showed that air temperature had a significant or extremely significants negative correlation with latex yield, and latex yield increased as temperature decreased.(4)Correlation analysis and principal component analysis results indicated that SUC had a significant positive correlation with latex yield, whereas TSC was significantly negative correlation with latex yield, and the application of ET reduced the impact of temperature on latex yield. In conclusion, the SUC content and yield in latex of Yunyan 77-4 are closely related to temperature; the cultivar still has a certain rubber production potential when tapping time is extended. It is suggested that the tapping time of this cultivar should be appropriately extended in winter. The results of this study provide practical guidance for efficient rubber tapping of cold-resistant rubber tree cultivars in winter.
      2026,46(4):717-725    [Abstract](1362)    [PDF](83)
    • LU Wenwen1, XIU Meiling2, WU Shasha1*
      Pollen vitality and storage temperature study of Oxalis obtusa
      To improve the hybrid-breeding efficiency in Oxalis obtusa, this study identified the culture conditions for optimal germination of O. obtusa pollen in vitro, established an efficient pollen vitality staining method, and investigated optimal pollen storage temperature for six cultivars. An orthogonal experiment was used to screen the culture conditions suitable for pollen germination. Different pollen viability staining methods including TTC staining, Aceto-carmine staining, I2-KI staining, and Alexander staining, were carried out and results were compared with those of the in vitro germination assay to evaluate their reliability. To determine the effects of temperatures on pollen vitality and an optimal pollen storage temperature, the pollens stored at different temperatures(28, 4, -20, -80 ℃)for different period(0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 60 d)were assayed. The results were as follows:(1)The optimal culture condition for the in vitro germination of O. obtusa pollens was 20 g·L-1 agar+100 g·L-1 sucrose+200 mg·L-1 H3BO3+200 mg·L-1 CaCl2, at 25 ℃ for 4 h.(2)The in vitro germination method significantly affected the pollen vitality of O. obtusa. It was found that the pollen vitality ratio determined by I2-KI staining or Aceto-carmine staining was significantly higher than that determined by in vitro germination method. The TTC staining did not work on O. obtusa. The Alexander staining revealed a pollen vitality ratio that had no significant difference from that by the in vitro germination method.(3)The descending speed order of the O. obtusa pollen viability at different temperatures was room temperature > 4 ℃ > -20 ℃ > -80 ℃, and the optimal storage temperature was -80 ℃. To summarize, this study systematically studied the optimal culture conditions for the in vitro germination of O. obtusa pollens and determined that the Alexander method is the most efficient and accurate staining method for pollen viability. This research results provide important theoretical basis for improing artificial pollination, hybrid breeding, pollen collection and pollen storage of the O. obtusa, which can potentially solve the problems of missing flowering period and long-distance pollination.
      2026,46(4):726-736    [Abstract](1068)    [PDF](88)

    Advanced Search

       
       
       
       

    More>>