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  • GUIHAIA
  • 2026, Vol.46, No.7
  • Publication date：2026-07-25
【Recommended article】LUO Maofang et al. Under the leadership of the Chinese presidency, the second part of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)adopted 62 decisions, in particular Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(KM-GBF), which is based on the theory of transformative changes. KM-GBF, its achievements, gaps, and lessons learned, and the experience and achievements of other relevant multilateral environmental agreements, sets out an ambitious plan to implement broad-based action to bring about a transformation in our societies' relationship with biodiversity by 2030, and draws a new blueprint for global biodiversity governance. This paper provides an interpretation of the three core targets of the framework — the “3030 target” for protected areas, resource mobilisation, and digital sequence information of genetic resources, a brief introduction to the relevant decisions to ensure the implementation of the framework, and recommendations for future conservation actions in China:(1)To strengthen the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation. Revision of China's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030)is an opportunity to involve the whole government and society in the process and to take action to promote the goals and targets of the KM-GBF;(2)To further develop detailed conservation plans, clarify the scopes, purposes and management measures of conservation areas, and implement responsible authorities and specific measures for implementing the plans. Researches on the Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures(OECMs)are needed to incorporate into the management system for biodiversity conservation;(3)To develop an operational indicator system and monitoring plan in accordance with the monitoring requirements of the framework targets;(4)To continue to strengthen awareness and education on biodiversity conservation, raise public awareness and attention to biodiversity conservation, and promote sustainable production and sustainable consumption in society as a whole;(5)To promote international cooperation vigorously to explore and promote Nature-based Solutions on a larger scale, and find pathways for economic and social development that have positive and beneficial effects on nature.

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Current Issue 2026,Vol.46,No.7

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    • 2026,No.7 PDF(whole issue)
      2026,46(7)    [Abstract](385)    [PDF]()
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      2026,46(7)    [Abstract](340)    [PDF](91)
    • 2026,No.7 Contents
      2026,46(7)    [Abstract](336)    [PDF](81)
      • Special Subject：Research on Pinus massoniana
    • XIE Junkang, CHEN Hu, YANG Zhangqi*, WU Dongshan
      Response of volatile components in needles of different drought tolerant families of Pinus massoniana seedlings to drought stress
      To investigate the variation characteristics of needle volatile components in seedlings from drought-resistant and drought-sensitive Pinus massoniana families under drought stress, this study used solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine the components and relative contents of needle volatiles in drought-resistant and drought-sensitive P. massoniana seedlings at different stages(normal cultivation, mild drought, severe drought, and drought rewatering). The results were as follows:(1)Sixteen kinds of volatile components from pine needles of P. massoniana seedlings were detected and identified, including five monoterpenes(α-pinene, β-pinene, myrcene, limonene, and terpinolene), nine sesquiterpenes(γ-elemene, copaene, β-elemene, longipinene, caryophyllene, humulene, α-muurolene, γ-muurolene, and δ-cadinene)and two esters(linalyl formate and bornyl acetate).(2)The components of needle volatiles in seedlings of drought-sensitive and drought-resistant P. massoniana families were basically the same, mainly composed of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes; the compounds with relatively high relative contents included α-pinene, β-pinene, caryophyllene, etc., in which there is no significant difference in the relative contents of the main components(relative content greater than 1%).(3)Under mild drought stress, the relative contents of monoterpene components in needle volatiles of sensitive families decreased sharply, and the relative contents of α-pinene and β-pinene decreased from 39.671% and 14.383% in the unstressed state to 16.855% and 5.048%, respectively; under drought stress, the relative contents of monoterpenes in needle volatives of drought-resistant families decreased(the decline range was much smaller than that of drought-sensitive families), and the relative contents of monoterpenes increased after drought rewatering, tending to return to the state without drought stress.(4)The relative contents of volatile components in pine needles of drought-resistant P. massoniana seedlings changed little under drought stress, while those of volatile components of pine needles of drought-sensitive P. massoniana seedlings changed sharply in the early stage of drought to adapt to external stress; the response of monoterpene components(α-pinene and β-pinene)in needles to drought stress was the most significant difference between sensitive and drought-resistant families. This study laid a foundation for the study of the mechanism of P. massoniana needle volatiles in response to drought stress, and provided ideas for P. massoniana drought resistance breeding.
      2026,46(7):1101-1108    [Abstract](428)    [PDF](92)
    • MENG Lanyang1, TANG Guoqiang1*, FENG Yuanheng2, LI Yunjing1, YANG Zhangqi2, YAN Yan1, LIANG Junxia1, HUANG Shihuan1, HUANG Yongli1
      Growth evaluation of pure plantations of three broad- leaved tree species and their mixed plantations with Pinus massoniana in Guangxi
      Albizia odoratissima, Liquidambar formosana, and Schima superba are key native broad-leaved tree species for afforestation in Guangxi, China. To assess the afforestation performance of these species in both pure stands and understory mixed stands with Pinus massoniana, a field experiment was conducted using one-year-old container-grown seedlings of the three broad-leaved species. Two planting configurations were established: pure stands of each species, and mixed stands where each species was interplanted under Pinus massoniana canopies. After three years of growth, differences in trunk growth, crown development, and stem form among the treatments were investigated and analyzed. Additionally, the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)was employed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the overall growth performance of each species under different configurations. The results were as follows:(1)In the pure plantation, Albizia odoratissima and Liquidambar formosana exhibited greater tree height and diameter at breast height(DBH), with better trunk growth and lower ratio of multtiple tree trunks. By contrast, Schima superba showed larger tree height and DBH as well as superior trunk growth under the understory mixed-planting model.(2)In both pure plantations and understory interplanting under Pinus massoniana plantations, Albizia odoratissima had larger crown diamrter, higher height of clear bole and better natural pruning capacity, together with a relatively small crown-diameter ratio contributing to favorable crown growth. Liquidambar formosana under the purep lantation model possessed low branching rate and height-diameter ratio, presenting good trunk form. Schima superba grown under the Pinus massoniana understory mixed-planting model had low height-diameter ratio and lodging rate, and its trunk form was desirable.(3)The comprehensive AHP evaluation of growth performance ranked the treatments in the following order: Albizia odoratissima(pure forests)> Liquidambar formosana(pure forests)> Schima superba(understory)> Albizia odoratissima (understory)> Schima superba(pure forests)> Liquidambar formosana(understory). Consequently, Albizia odoratissima is identified as the top-performing species in pure stands, while Schima superba is the most suitable for understory mixed planting with Pinus massoniana. This study provides a scientific basis and theoretical reference for optimizing the cultivation techniques of Albizia odoratissima, Liquidambar formosana, and Schima superba in the Guangxi region.
      2026,46(7):1109-1120    [Abstract](338)    [PDF](96)
    • WANG Xiaoying, OU Jingyao, XIAO Zixin, ZHU Qiqi, XIAO Jihong, DENG Chuanyuan*
      Phylogenetic structure and its driving factors of Pinus massoniana plantation communities in the Sandu'ao Islands of Ningde
      To explore the assembly mechanisms of phylogenetic structures across different synusiae in Pinus massoniana plantations under the unique island habitat, this study focused on P. massoniana forests in the Sandu'ao Gulf Islands of Ningde, Fujian Province, China. Based on community survey data, we calculated net phylogenetic relatedness index(NRI)and net the nearest taxon index(NTI)for the arbor, shrub, and herb layers to characterize their phylogenetic structures. Spatial autocorrelation analysis, regression analysis, spatial lag model(SLM), and structural equation model(SEM)were comprehensively employed to parse the influence pathways and spatial effects of climatic, edaphic, and light factors on the phylogenetic structure of each synusia. The results were as follows:(1)Significant differences in phylogenetic structure were observed among synusiae: the arbor layer was predominantly characterized by phylogenetic overdispersion, indicating weak habitat filtering and suggesting that competitive exclusion dominates its construction process; the shrub layer tended towards phylogenetic clustering, reflecting a strong effect of environmental filtering; the herb layer exhibited weak overdispersion, implying more complex construction mechanisms.(2)Soil pH was identified as the dominant environmental factor regulating community phylogenetic structure; available nitrogen not only had a direct positive effect on the phylogenetic indices of the arbor and herb layers but also served as a mediating variable for the indirect effect of soil pH; canopy density exerted a significant regulatory effect on the phylogenetic structure of the arbor layer, highlighting the critical role of light conditions in its construction.(3)The NTI of the herb layer displayed a significant spatial lag effect under the environmental distance-weighted matrix, meaning its phylogenetic structure was significantly influenced by the community composition of neighboring plots; canopy density, soil pH, and wind speed were the core driving factors of this spatial effect, exhibiting the most significant comprehensive positive effect, and this finding revealed the synergistic roles of habitat heterogeneity and wind disturbance in shaping the community phylogenetic construction of the herb layer. This study reveals the differentiated driving mechanisms of phylogenetic structure across different synusiae of island P. massoniana plantations, and clarifies the relative contributions of environmental filtering and spatial effects on island plant community construction. The results provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and ecosystem protection of P. massoniana plantations in island areas.
      2026,46(7):1121-1133    [Abstract](348)    [PDF](83)
    • WANG Xiaoying, OU Jingyao, XIAO Zixin, ZHU Qiqi, XIAO Jihong, DENG Chuanyuan*
      Phylogenetic structure and its driving factors of Pinus massoniana plantation communities in the Sandu'ao Islands of Ningde
      To explore the assembly mechanisms of phylogenetic structures across different synusiae in Pinus massoniana plantations under the unique island habitat, this study focused on P. massoniana forests in the Sandu'ao Gulf Islands of Ningde, Fujian Province, China. Based on community survey data, we calculated net phylogenetic relatedness index(NRI)and net the nearest taxon index(NTI)for the arbor, shrub, and herb layers to characterize their phylogenetic structures. Spatial autocorrelation analysis, regression analysis, spatial lag model(SLM), and structural equation model(SEM)were comprehensively employed to parse the influence pathways and spatial effects of climatic, edaphic, and light factors on the phylogenetic structure of each synusia. The results were as follows:(1)Significant differences in phylogenetic structure were observed among synusiae: the arbor layer was predominantly characterized by phylogenetic overdispersion, indicating weak habitat filtering and suggesting that competitive exclusion dominates its construction process; the shrub layer tended towards phylogenetic clustering, reflecting a strong effect of environmental filtering; the herb layer exhibited weak overdispersion, implying more complex construction mechanisms.(2)Soil pH was identified as the dominant environmental factor regulating community phylogenetic structure; available nitrogen not only had a direct positive effect on the phylogenetic indices of the arbor and herb layers but also served as a mediating variable for the indirect effect of soil pH; canopy density exerted a significant regulatory effect on the phylogenetic structure of the arbor layer, highlighting the critical role of light conditions in its construction.(3)The NTI of the herb layer displayed a significant spatial lag effect under the environmental distance-weighted matrix, meaning its phylogenetic structure was significantly influenced by the community composition of neighboring plots; canopy density, soil pH, and wind speed were the core driving factors of this spatial effect, exhibiting the most significant comprehensive positive effect, and this finding revealed the synergistic roles of habitat heterogeneity and wind disturbance in shaping the community phylogenetic construction of the herb layer. This study reveals the differentiated driving mechanisms of phylogenetic structure across different synusiae of island P. massoniana plantations, and clarifies the relative contributions of environmental filtering and spatial effects on island plant community construction. The results provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and ecosystem protection of P. massoniana plantations in island areas.
      2026,(7):1121-1133    [Abstract](305)    [PDF](89)
    • XIONG Xiao1, SU Shiquan1, TONG Hui1, ZHU Xinyu2,3, LUO Zhouyu1, WANG Yi4, ZHENG Danni1, YOU Yeming1,3, HUANG Xueman1,3*
      Effects of introducing broadleaf tree species for uneven- aged mixed transformation on soil bioavailable phosphorus fractions in Pinus massoniana plantation
      Soil phosphorus(P)is a key factor constraining the productivity of subtropical plantation in China. However, long-term monocultural management of Pinus massoniana plantations led to prominent issues such as soil P cycle imbalance. To explore the dynamic characteristics of soil bioavailable phosphorus(Bio-P)fractions and their main influencing factors after the uneven-aged mixed transformation of P. massoniana pure plantations by introducing broadleaf tree species, this study focused on southern subtropical P. massoniana plantations. Based on the Bio-P fractionation method, we comparatively analyzed the dynamic characteristics of Bio-P fractions(Enzyme-P, Citrate-P, CaCl2-P, HCl-P)in the humus layer and eluviated layer of three forest types:mixed plantation of Pinus massoniana-Castanopsis hystrix(MP), multiple species mixed plantation of Pinus massoniana-Castanopsis hystrix/Quercus griffithii/Erythrophleum fordii/Michelia hedyosperma(MMP), and untransformed Pinus massoniana pure plantation(PP, used as control). Additionally, we combined indicators such as soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities to identify the main factors influencing Bio-P. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with PP, the Citrate-P and HCl-P contents in the humus layer of MP were significantly increased by 31.50% and 39.78%(P<0.05), respectively, while the HCl-P content in the humus layer of MMP was significantly increased by 59.77%(P<0.05). In the eluviated layer, the Enzyme-P contents of MP and MMP were significantly increased by 39.00% and 91.13%(P<0.05), respectively, and the CaCl2-P contents of MP and MMP were significantly increased by 8.40% and 8.90%(P<0.05), respectively.(2)Compared with PP, the contents of organic carbon(OC), ammonium nitrogen(NH4+-N), available phosphorus(AP), and microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP)in the humus layer of MMP were significantly reduced(P<0.05). However, the contents of OC, total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), AP, microbial biomass carbon(MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN), and MBP in the eluviated layer of MP and MMP were significantly increased(P<0.05).(3)Campared with PP, the enzyme activities associated with carbon(C), nitrogen(N), and phosphorus(P)cycling in the humus layer of MMP were significantly reduced by 41.42%, 34.22%, and 30.23%(P<0.05), respectively. In contrast, the aforementioned enzyme activities in the eluviated layer of MP were significantly increased by 61.17%, 157.98%, and 31.70%(P<0.05), respectively, and those in the eluviated layer of MMP were significantly increased by 40.91%, 238.66%, and 37.93%(P<0.05), respectively.(4)Nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N)and AP were the primary regulatory factors influencing Bio-P fractions in the humus layer, whereas TP and enzyme C:N ratio were the main driving factors affecting Bio-P fractions in the eluviated layer. In conclusion, the introduction of broadleaf tree species for uneven-aged mixed transformation in Pinus massoniana plantations is beneficial to soil P storage and supply. The results of this study provide an important scientific basis for tree species selection and management strategies aimed at improving soil P availability in southern subtropical plantations.
      2026,46(7):1134-1145    [Abstract](356)    [PDF](78)
    • LI Yifan1,2, CHEN Xinhua2, YANG Zhangqi2*, FENG Yuanheng2, ZHU Zhenwen3
      Analysis of endogenous hormones, metabolome and transcriptome in apical buds of Pinus massoniana with different branching types
      The improvement of traits including stem straightness, internode length, and branching is an important breeding objective for Pinus massoniana, as branching directly affects stem form and timber yield. To explore the mechanisms underlying the formation of different branching types in P. massoniana, this study used fox-tail type, multi-stem type, and normal branching type P. massoniana as materials, and analyzed the hormone contents, metabolome, and transcriptome of apical buds. The results were as follows:(1)The contents of four key endogenous hormones — auxin(IAA), cytokinin(CTK), abscisic acid(ABA), and gibberellin(GA)— in the apical buds of the three branching types differed significantly, following the order multi-stem type > normal branching type > fox-tail type. The ratios of IAA/ABA and IAA/CTK were highest in the fox-tail type and lowest in the multi-stem type. Hormone-related metabolites were predominantly enriched in pathways such as plant hormone signal transduction and zeatin biosynthesis, which are closely associated with the regulation of plant growth and branching development.(2)Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)analysis of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)revealed significant enrichment in pathways including zeatin biosynthesis, amino acid metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversion. Further functional annotation and rigorous screening identified 35 DEGs specifically associated with the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, thereby highlighting the central role of transcriptional regulation in the formation of branching traits in P. massoniana.(3)Integrated analysis indicated that cytokinins, auxins, and their associated metabolites and regulatory genes participated in the branching process of P. massoniana. Specifically, compounds such as tryptamine, indole, and trans-zeatin showed an upregulated trend in the fox-tail type, while dihydrozeatin riboside showed an upregulated trend in the multi-stem type. This study preliminarily elucidates the differential hormones and regulatory mechanisms underlying branching variation in P. massoniana, providing a reference for hormone-mediated branching regulation in P. massoniana.
      2026,46(7):1146-1157    [Abstract](548)    [PDF](89)
      • Plant Physiology
    • MA Jiamei1, XU Xiaoyan2, SUN Yingkun3*
      Effects of SiO2-NPs and PGPR on growth physiology of Antirrhinum majus under low-temperature stress
      To investigate the regulatory effects of SiO2 nanoparticles(SiO2-NPs, 20 nm particle size)and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)on the growth and physiology of Antirrhinum majus under low-temperature stress, this study used normal temperature( 25 ℃ day/18 ℃ night )as the control(CK). The biomass, leaf anatomical structure, chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and photosynthetic physiological indices of A. majus were determined under low-temperature stress(7 ℃ day / 4 ℃ night, LT)after foliar spraying of SiO2-NPs at three concentrations [S1(50 mg·L-1), S2(100 mg·L-1), S3(200 mg·L-1)] alone or in combined treatment with PGPR strain Bacillus pumilus. The results were as follows:(1)Low-temperature stress significantly reduced the plant height, stem diameter, biomass, palisade tissue thickness, spongy tissue thickness, and tissue structure tightness in A. majus leaves. Spraying different concentrations of SiO2-NPs or combined PGPR treatment on leaves could alleviate the growth inhibition and improve the tissue structure tightness.(2)Compared with the single low-temperature stress treatment(LT), contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids in A. majus treated with LT+S2+PGPR increased by 25.6%, 38.5%, 29.3%, and 29.6%, respectively. The maximum photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(Fv/Fm), actual photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(φPS Ⅱ), and photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)in chlorophyll fluorescence parameters increased by 24.9%, 65.0%, and 37.8%, respectively, while the non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ)decreased.(3)Low-temperature stress inhibited the increase of net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr), and stomatal conductance(Gs)of A. majus. The LT+S2+PGPR treatment had the most significant promoting effect on Pn, Tr, and Gs, which were 137.1%, 109.9%, and 156.9% higher than those under the LT treatment, respectively.(4)Spraying different concentrations of SiO2-NPs or combined PGPR treatment on leaves could significantly increase the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase(PEPC)and ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase(Rubisco)in A. majus leaves, reduce the content of abscisic acid(ABA)in leaves, and enhance leaf water potential(LWP)to alleviate the low-temperature stress experienced by A. majus. In summary, LT+S2+PGPR treatment demonstrated optimal efficacy, exhibiting a synergistic effect that significantly enhanced the low-temperature tolerance of A. majus. This provides technical support for its early spring cold-resistant cultivation.
      2026,46(7):1158-1172    [Abstract](348)    [PDF](80)
    • CHEN Fengfan1, YANG Zhe2,3, JIANG Haidu2, WANG Yong1, LIU Xiongsheng1, PENG Lihui2, WEI Lingzhi2,3, CHAI Shengfeng2*, WEI Xiao2
      Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics and leaf microstructure between seedlings and youngtrees of Craigia yunnanensis, a plant species with extremely small populations
      Craigia yunnanensis, a plant specieswith extremely small populations(PSESP)endemic to China, is listed as a National Class Ⅱ protected wild plant. To clarify the causes of regeneration failure — particularly the lack of sapling recruitment in natural populations — this study compared the photosynthetic characteristics, photosynthetic pigment contents, leaf epidermal traits, leaf anatomical structures, and leaf functional traits between seedlings(6-month-old)and young trees(8-year-old)cultivated in an experimental plantation. The results were as follows:(1)The maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax)(12.00 μmol·m-2·s-1)and light saturation point(LSP)(1 360.40 μmol·m-2·s-1)of young trees were extremely significantly higher(P<0.01)than those of seedlings(5.69 μmol·m-2·s-1 and 839.61 μmol·m-2·s-1, respectively), whereas the light compensation point(LCP)of seedlings was lower(11.37 μmol·m-2·s-1), indicating a shade-tolerant strategy in seedlings and a light-demanding strategy in young trees.(2)Chlorophyll(Chl)and carotenoid(Car)contents in young trees were significantly or extremely significantly higher than that in seedlings(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and their leaves were thicker, with more developed palisade tissues, larger midrib vessel diameters, and bigger leaf area, higher specific leaf weight(SLW), and leaf dry matter content(LDMC).(3)Correlation analysis revealed significant or extremely significant positive correlations(P<0.05 or P<0.01)between Pmax and leaf thickness, chlorophyll content, SLW, and LDMC. In conclusion, seedlings adapt to low-light understory environments, whereas young trees require higher light availability to sustain their elevated photosynthetic capacity. Insufficient understory light in natural habitats likely hinders the transition from seedlings to young trees, contributing to the species' endangered status. These findings provide essential scientific support for conservation and cultivation practices. It is recommended that thinning or canopy-opening measures be implemented to improve understory light conditions and promote population regeneration.
      2026,46(7):1173-1185    [Abstract](400)    [PDF](81)
    • YU Miao, WANG Aiguo, ZHAO Yilu, MA Huaiyu*
      Effects of exogenous GABA on mitochondrial function of Malus baccata seedling roots under root-zone sublow-temperature
      Dueing the early growth season in cold fruit-producing regions of northern China, Low temperatures in the root-zone restrict the recovery of root function and the growth and development of above-ground tissues. In response to the climatic characteristics of early spring in Northeast China's cold-temperate fruit production areas — namely, rapid temperature recovery with large fluctuations and relatively delayed soil warming — this study aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)on mitochondrial function in root-zone of one-year M. baccata under sublow-temperature. Using M. baccata seedlings as experimental material, we subjected them to a root-zone sublow-temperature treatment at 5 ℃ and applied exogenous GABA(10 mmol·L-1)or its metabolic inhibitor, vigabatrin(VGB, 0.1 mmol·L-1), respectively. Mitochondrial membrane permeability, cytochrome c/a value, respiratory metabolic pathways, energy substance contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities in roots were measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 h after treatment. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with the control, 5 ℃ sublow-temperature significantly increased mitochondrial membrane permeability, decreased the cytochrome c/a value, and enhanced total respiration rate, activities of the cytochrome pathway(CP)and alternative pathway(AP), along with induced upregulation of the alternative oxidase gene(AOX)expression.(2)Compared with sublow-temperature treatment alone, exogenous GABA treatment significantly improved mitochondrial membrane stability and c/a value, promoted CP respiration and its contribution rate, inhibited AP respiration and AOX gene expression, while maintaining higher adenosine triphosphate(ATP)content and energy charge level and reducing adenosine monophosphate(AMP)accumulation.(3)Exogenous GABA treatment also increased the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT)and ascorbic acid peroxidase(APX), decreased malondialdehyde(MDA)content, and enhanced root vigor.(4)VGB treatment aggravated mitochondrial membrane damage and energy metabolic disorder, and inhibited antioxidant enzyme activities. In summary, exogenous GABA effectively alleviates root-zone sublow-temperature stress injury in M. baccata roots by protecting mitochondrial membrane integrity, optimizing respiratory pathway allocation, maintaining cellular energy homeostasis and enhancing antioxidant capacity, and this effect depends on an intact GABA metabolic pathway. These findings provide a theoretical basis for improving cold tolerance of M. baccata roots and are of great significance for breeding cold-resistant apple rootstocks.
      2026,46(7):1186-1199    [Abstract](302)    [PDF](78)
    • WANG Yaqin, LIU Wenlan*
      Evaluation of physiological adaptability of four Dahlia pinnata cultivars under saline-alkali stress at seedling stage
      To investigate the effects of mixed saline-alkali stress(NaCl-NaHCO3 )on the growth and physiology of Dahlia pinnata, and to provide a theoretical basis for the selection and utilization of D. pinnata cultivars in saline-alkali areas, four cultivars(‘Cream Peach', ‘Milk Coffee', ‘Cliff Inspiration', and ‘Double Gill')were subjected to four stress concentrations(0, 50, 100, 150 mmol·L-1)in a pot experiment. Growth, photosynthetic parameters, osmotic adjustment, and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured at 7, 14, and 21 d after stress initiation. The results were as follows:(1)Saline-alkali stress significantly inhibited the growth of D. pinnata seedlings, and the inhibition increased with stress concentration and duration; significant differences were observed among cultivars, and the growth of the most saline-alkali tolerant cultivar ‘Double Gill' was much higher than that of the saline-alkali sensitive cultivar ‘Cliff Inspiration'.(2)With increasing saline-alkali stress, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate all decreased significantly, while intercellular CO2 concentration firstly decreased and then increased. Among the cultivars, ‘Double Gill' consistently maintained the highest net photosynthetic rate.(3)As stress concentration increased, leaf relative water content continuously decreased, but ‘Double Gill' still maintained a relatively high level of 66.4% under severe stress; malondialdehyde content increased sharply, and membrane lipid peroxidation aggravated. Meanwhile, proline and soluble sugars accumulated continuously. The antioxidant enzyme system was activated under mild and moderate stresses, but under severe stress, only ‘Double Gill' maintained high enzyme activity.(4)The concentration of 100 mmol·L-1 was identified as the critical concentration for saline-alkali tolerant differentiation, at which the saline-alkali sensitive cultivar ‘Cliff Inspiration' exhibited irreversible damage.(5)There were significant differences in saline-alkali tolerance among cultivars(P<0.05). The membership function analysis ranked the saline-alkali tolerance in the following order: ‘Double Gill' > ‘Milk Coffee' > ‘Cream Peach' > ‘Cliff Inspiration'. In conclusion, the physiological adaptability of D. pinnata seedlings under mixed saline-alkali stress is cultivar-specific. The saline-alkali tolerant cultivar ‘Double Gill' maintains relatively stable physiological status under severe stress by sustaining higher photosynthetic capacity, water retention ability, and antioxidant enzyme activities, making it a promising candidate for greening in saline-alkali areas.
      2026,46(7):1200-1214    [Abstract](492)    [PDF](82)
    • LI Mingyi1,2, ZHANG Jiazhen2,3, ZHAO Zemin4, LÜ Junjie5, LI Tianliang6, CAO Xiongjiang2,3, YANG Li2,3, LI Guozhen2,3, ZHAO Gaojuan2*, CHEN Yajun2,6
      Influence of exogenous hormones on seed germination and seedlings growth of fast-growing Ochroma lagopus
      Ochroma lagopus is characterized by its fast growth, short life cycle, minimum wood density and uniform material texture, and is widely used in the wind power industry and the aviation industry. However, challenges such as low natural seed germination rates due to hard seed coat and prolonged seed dormancy, as well as high seedling variability restricted severely standardized breeding and large-scale cultivation. In order to improve the seeds germination, seedlings homogeneity and growth, this study performed dish germination and pot control experiments to evaluate the effects of varying concentrations of indoleacetic acid(IAA), 6-benzyl ademine(6-BA), and gibberellin(GA)on seed germination and seedling growth for O. lagopus. The results were as follows:(1)GA promoted seed germination and embryo growth, while IAA and 6-BA inhibited seed germination, the biomass and length of embryo bud and embryo root(P<0.05), and the inhibitory effect increased with the increasing of concentration.(2)On the contrary, GA, IAA and 6-BA boosted the growth of seedlings, and the promoting effect on ground diameter was greater than that on the height and root length, and the effect enhanced with the increasing concentration(P<0.05).(3)In addition, GA and IAA also significantly increased the below-ground biomass and root-shoot ratio of seedlings(P<0.01). This study concluded that GA enhanced seed germination by breaking seed dormancy, while GA, IAA and 6-BA not only facilitated the performance of seedlings but also increased the root-shoot ratio, ultimately accelerating their water absorption capacity and drought resistance. These findings provided a theoretical basis and practical reference for the seedling raising technology and cultivation management of O. lagopus.
      2026,46(7):1215-1223    [Abstract](296)    [PDF](78)
    • LIU Cheng, HAO Xuan, GAO Chengye, CHANG Yiman, WEN Jinfen*
      Enhancement of temperature stress resistance in Eustoma grandiflorum seedlings by ZnO-NPs and SiO2-NPs
      Temperature is a crucial environmental factor affecting the growth and development of flowers. Zinc oxide nanoparticles(ZnO-NPs)and silicon dioxide nanoparticles(SiO2-NPs)have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing plant stress resistance. To elucidate the regulatory mechanism of ZnO-NPs+SiO2-NPs pretreatment on Eustoma grandiflorum under temperature stress, this study employed E. grandiflorum seedlings as materials and adopted an orthogonal experimental design [L9(34)]. Initially, the effects of ZnO-NPs+SiO2-NPs on the growth of E. grandiflorum seedlings under different concentrations, proportions, and spraying times were investigated to screen the optimal spraying scheme. Subsequently, the seedlings were pretreated and subjected to high temperature(42 ℃ for 24 h)and low temperature(4 ℃ for 24 h)stress treatments, respectively. Physiological indicators and related stress-resistant gene expression were measured. The results were as follows:(1)When the total concentration of nanoparticles was 0.03%(m/V), the proportion of ZnO-NPs to SiO2-NPs was 1:2(V/V), and the seedlings were sprayed twice on the leaves, the seedling growth was optimal.(2)The ZnO-NPs + SiO2-NPs pretreatment increased the chlorophyll content of the leaves under normal growth condition, reduced relative electrical conductivity, malondialdehyde(MDA)content, and hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)accumulation under 42 ℃ and 4 ℃ stresses; enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and peroxidase(POD).(3)ZnO-NPs+SiO2-NPs pretreatment upregulated the expression levels of Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD, Fe-SOD, CAT, and POD genes.(4)Under 42 ℃ stress, ZnO-NPs+SiO2-NPs pretreatment promoted the expression of heat shock protein 90 gene(HSP90); under 4 ℃ stress, it upregulated the expression of cold-regulated gene(COR413). In summary, suitable ZnO-NPs+SiO2-NPs pretreatment effectively improves the growth status of E. grandiflorum seedlings and enhances their resistance to temperature stress by promoting increases in antioxidant enzyme activities and the expressions of related stress-resistant genes. This study reveals the molecular mechanism by which ZnO-NPs+SiO2-NPs pretreatment enhances the resistance of E. grandiflorum to temperature stress, and provides a theoretical basis for the application of nanomaterials in flower stress-resistant research.
      2026,46(7):1224-1233    [Abstract](460)    [PDF](79)
    • ZUO Jiagen1,2, FU Guojiang1,2, TAO Jianghui1,2, HE Zhaoyun1,2, BO Kaimeng1,2, YAO Zengyu1,2*
      Effects of smoke water on seed germination of Pinus yunnanensis and P. yunnanensis var. pygmaea
      This study aimed to explore the effects of smoke water treatment on seed germination, embryo growth, and physiological indices of Pinus yunnanensis and its variety P. yunnanensis var. pygmaea, and to clarify their response differences and the feasibility of using smoke water as a fire signal mimic to stimulate tree growth and development. Seeds of two pines were treated with smoke water of different concentrations, and changes in their germination characteristics, embryo growth status, and related physiological indices were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)The germination and physiological indices of two species seeds were significantly affected by the concentration of smoke water(P<0.05), showing a trend of promotion at low concentrations and inhibition at high concentrations.(2)The germination indices of two species peaked at 0.5%, at which the germination rate and germination energy of P. yunnanensis increased by 22.80% and 62.54%, respectively, while those of P. yunnanensis var. pygmaea increased by 12.50% and 110.83%, compared with control(distilled water treatment).(3)Two species differed in the optimal smoke water concentration for embryo growth. The longest hypocotyl and radicle of P. yunnanensis were observed at 1%(increased by 31.96% and 67.89%, respectively, compared with control), while those of P. yunnanensis var. pygmaea were observed at 0.25%(increased by 18.18% and 60.77%, respectively, compared with control).(4)At low concentrations, the smoke water enhanced the activities of α-amylase, protease, and lipase, increased soluble sugar and soluble protein contents, and reduced malondialdehyde content, thereby improving seed metabolism and antioxidant capacity.(5)P. yunnanensis seeds showed higher sensitivity to smoke water than P. yunnanensis var. pygmaea seeds. In conclusion, the smoke water promotes seed germination and embryo growth at low concentration by enhancing the mobilization of storage substances and regulating the antioxidant system, and thus can be applied as a safe and controllable fire signal mimic for seedling cultivation.
      2026,46(7):1234-1241    [Abstract](344)    [PDF](80)
    • WANG Li1,2, WANG Jianfeng3*, MA Lanmin2, LI Hanxiao2, JIANG Zhongyu2, LIANG Jia2, XU Wenmin2, MA Lele2, LI Ping2*
      Physiological, molecular, and microbiological mechanisms of plant response to saline-alkaline stress
      Soil salinization is a significant limiting factor affecting soil environment and agricultural production, adversely impacting plant growth and metabolic activities. Through long-term evolutionary adaptation, plants have developed complex mechanisms to counteract saline-alkaline stress via intrinsic metabolic regulation. For instance, they alter the morphological structure of roots and leaves to increase plant water uptake and transpiration, activate antioxidant defense systems(enzymes and compounds)to scavenge stress-induced reactive oxygen species(ROS), accumulate various osmotic substances(proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and polyols)to regulate osmotic balance, maintain cellular ion homeostasis, modulate endogenous plant hormone levels(abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, auxin, and cytokinin)to coordinate growth and stress responses, and stabilize intracellular pH(HCO3-/CO32- stress)to ensure normal biochemical reactions. Moreover, plants respond to saline-alkaline stress by regulating the transcription of stress-responsive genes and transcription factors, coupled with triggering signal transduction pathways. Meanwhile, plant root exudates function as chemical signals to selectively recruit specific beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere. This recruitment process reshapes the diversity, composition, structure, and functional characteristics of the rhizosphere environment, constructing a rhizosphere microhabitat adaptive to saline-alkaline stress. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms(PGPM), recognized as the “second genome” of plants owing to their close symbiotic relationship with plants, enhance plant saline-alkaline tolerance through various synergistic mechanisms. These primarily include regulating plant hormone levels, controlling osmotic balance, enhancing the antioxidant defense system, maintaining ion balance, promoting nutrient absorption, and regulating metabolic pathways, thereby improving the plant's tolerance to salinity and alkalinity. PGPM can influence the assembly of the rhizosphere microbial community, promoting host plant growth and enhancing its stress tolerance by enriching beneficial microorganisms. This maintains their ability to promote plant growth and mitigate stress effects. This review systematically summarizes the morphological, physiological, molecular, and rhizosphere microbiological mechanisms by which plants respond to saline-alkaline stress. It highlights the pivotal role of PGPM in sustaining plant life under saline-alkaline conditions, provides a robust scientific foundation for sustainable agricultural development and ecological restoration in saline-alkaline regions.
      2026,46(7):1242-1257    [Abstract](340)    [PDF](80)
    • QIU Yanfen1,2, GAO Qian1,2, YANG Enshan1,2, HU Yonghua1,2, XIAO Zaiyun1,2*
      Latex physiological responses to Phytophthora leaf fall disease of rubber trees and indicators for disease control and tapping cessation
      Phytophthora leaf fall disease is one of the main diseases affecting rubber trees. In recent years, its prevalence and severity have continued to increase in rubber-growing areas of Yunnan, causing substantial economic losses to the local rubber industry. Because the disease occurs sporadically at the early stage and relevant research remains limited, precise standards for disease control and tapping cessation in infected trees have not yet been established. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a scientific indicator system for disease control and tapping cessation, so as to avoid pesticide waste and dry rubber yield loss caused by premature disease control and tapping cessation, and to prevent severe damage to rubber trees resulting from delayed control measures. Based on the variation patterns of latex physiological characteristics during disease progression, latex samples with disease severity grades 0-5 were systematically collected from seven farms and one township in the rubber-growing area of Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province. The widely cultivated rubber tree clones GT1 and RRIM600 were selected as the study materials. The contents of sucrose, inorganic phosphorus, thiol, and total solids in latex were determined, and the changes in latex physiological parameters among trees with different disease severity grades were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)With increasing disease severity, the contents of thiol, sucrose, and total solids in latex decreased significantly, whereas inorganic phosphorus content increased markedly. Among these parameters, only thiol content showed an extremely significant negative correlation with disease progression.(2)Based on the standard values determined in the preliminary study, the latex thiol content of RRIM600 decreased to 0.26 mmol·L-1 at disease severity grade 3, while that of GT1 decreased to 0.35 mmol·L-1 at disease severity grade 4; both values were at relatively low levels. In conclusion, latex thiol content can serve as a core indicator for disease control and tapping cessation in infected rubber trees. The tapping-cessation thresholds for RRIM600 and GT1 were determined to be 0.26 mmol·L-1 and 0.35 mmol·L-1, respectively. Considering the rapid progression of this disease, control measures are recommended to be initiated at disease severity grade 2(or when latex thiol content decreases to 0.31 mmol·L-1)for RRIM600, and at disease severity grade 3(or when latex thiol content decreases to 0.42 mmol·L-1)for GT1. This study introduces latex physiological diagnosis into the control system of Phytophthora leaf fall disease and provides new technical approaches and a theoretical basis for precise disease control and scientific tapping cessation.
      2026,46(7):1258-1266    [Abstract](464)    [PDF](80)

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