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  • GUIHAIA
  • 2026, Vol.46, No.2
  • Publication date：2026-02-25
【Recommended article】LUO Maofang et al. Under the leadership of the Chinese presidency, the second part of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)adopted 62 decisions, in particular Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(KM-GBF), which is based on the theory of transformative changes. KM-GBF, its achievements, gaps, and lessons learned, and the experience and achievements of other relevant multilateral environmental agreements, sets out an ambitious plan to implement broad-based action to bring about a transformation in our societies' relationship with biodiversity by 2030, and draws a new blueprint for global biodiversity governance. This paper provides an interpretation of the three core targets of the framework — the “3030 target” for protected areas, resource mobilisation, and digital sequence information of genetic resources, a brief introduction to the relevant decisions to ensure the implementation of the framework, and recommendations for future conservation actions in China:(1)To strengthen the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation. Revision of China's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030)is an opportunity to involve the whole government and society in the process and to take action to promote the goals and targets of the KM-GBF;(2)To further develop detailed conservation plans, clarify the scopes, purposes and management measures of conservation areas, and implement responsible authorities and specific measures for implementing the plans. Researches on the Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures(OECMs)are needed to incorporate into the management system for biodiversity conservation;(3)To develop an operational indicator system and monitoring plan in accordance with the monitoring requirements of the framework targets;(4)To continue to strengthen awareness and education on biodiversity conservation, raise public awareness and attention to biodiversity conservation, and promote sustainable production and sustainable consumption in society as a whole;(5)To promote international cooperation vigorously to explore and promote Nature-based Solutions on a larger scale, and find pathways for economic and social development that have positive and beneficial effects on nature.

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Current Issue 2026,Vol.46,No.2

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      2026,46(2)    [Abstract](226)    [PDF](19)
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      2026,46(2)    [Abstract](224)    [PDF](63)
    • 2026,No.2 Contents
      2026,46(2)    [Abstract](214)    [PDF](53)
      • Special Column：Plant Systematics and Evolution
    • Lv Wenjun1, LIU Hongtao1,2*
      Review on the taxonomy of Viburnum L.
      Viburnum L. is a widely distributed woody genus in the family Viburnaceae, with approximately 197 species worldwide. Most species of this genus possess significant ornamental value and medicinal value, rendering them valuable resources for the horticulture and pharmaceutical industries. Clarifying their taxonomic ambiguities is crucial for guiding the development, utilization, and conservation of these resources. This paper systematically summarizes the changes of the systematic position of the genus Viburnum, intra-generic taxonomic history, as well as the main evidence and methods put forward the existing problems and solutions.(1)The systematic position of Viburnum has undergone multiple adjustments across different classification systems, and its stable status within the Viburnaceae(order Dipsacales)has finally been confirmed and it is the common sister group to all other genra in the family.(2)The delimitation of the genus and the division of its intra-generic taxa have also been revised repeatedly, evolving from the broad circumscription in early studies to the more refined classification, and the “genus-section-species” taxonomic hierarchy is currently widely accepted and applied in academic research, with the delimitation of major intra-generic taxa becoming relatively clear.(3)Contemporary research on the systematic taxonomy of Viburnum has formed an integrated multiple-disciplinary framework, incorporating evidence from morphology, micromorphology, anatomy, cytology, palynology, phytochemistry, and molecular systematics, which provides multi-dumensional evidential support for classification revision.(4)Current research still has some limitations, the phylogenetic relationships of some clades remain unresolved, taxonomic boundaries between certain closely related species and within some species are still ambiguous, the classification system of this genus requires further improvement, and comprehensive sampling and accurate species identification are urgently needed.(5)Future studies should expand the scope of sample collection and strengthen multi-regional surveys and integrative studies, and provide a scientific reference for the rational development and effective conservation of those resources of this genus.
      2026,46(2):199-219    [Abstract](300)    [PDF](77)
    • NIE Ruimin1, XU Jian1, CHEN Shengtong1, WANG Zhonglang2, CHEN Longqing1, GENG Fang1*
      Classification of flower color traits and analysis of petal physicochemical factors in Camellia reticulata cultivars
      Camellia reticulata is an important winter-flowering tree species in southwestern China, known for the characteristics of tall tree structure and brightly colored flowers. To explore the mechanism of flower color formation in C. reticulata, this study used germplasms of different flower colors as experimental materials. Various physicochemical indicators were measured, including petal color parameters, cellular pH, metal ion content, total anthocyanin content, total flavonoid content, and total carotenoid content. Methods such as significance difference comparison and correlation analysis were employed to comprehensively analyze the relationship between flower color phenotypes and physicochemical factors in C. reticulata. The results were as follows:(1)Using the CIEL*a*b* color system, the flower colors of C. reticulata could be classified into five color series, as reddish-purple, red, pinkish-purple, light-pink, and white. This method effectively distinguished and quantitatively described the flower color phenotypes.(2)Relationship between physicochemical factors and flower color was complex. The pH of petal cell sap ranged from 3.48 to 4.46, indicating an acidic intracellular environment, which might help maintain the stability of anthocyanins in the petals. The content of eight metal ions varied significantly among petals of different color series and showed significant correlations with flower color phenotype data and pigment content.(3)Significant differences were observed in the content of total flavonoids, total anthocyanins, and total carotenoids among petals of different colors. Total flavonoids were highest in ‘Tongzimian', while total anthocyanins and total carotenoids were all the highest in ‘Zhushazipao', which had the darkest flower color phenotype. In conclusion, anthocyanin content in petals is correlated with flower color phenotype. Flavonoids may participate in flower coloration through copigmentation, and different types of pigments likely collectively regulate the flower color of C. reticulata in specific proportions. Cytoplastic pH and metal ions are involved in the flower coloration process and play positive roles. The findings of this study provide a scientific basis for the classification of C. reticulata flower colors and offer theoretical insights into the mechanism of flower color formation.
      2026,46(2):220-234    [Abstract](280)    [PDF](60)
    • NIU Liangjie1,2, WANG Wenkang1, DING Huiying1, WANG Wei1*
      Changes in starch granules in Cedrus deodara pollen during germination
      The gymnosperm cedar(Cedrus deodara)is a wind-pollinated plant, and exhibits a significantly slower process of pollen germination and pollen tube growth than that of angiosperm(e.g., maize). Starch is the main energy source for pollen germination in wind-pollinated plants. To reveal the characteristics of starch granules in cedar pollen and their changes during pollen germination, the pollens of cedar and maize were used as materials to compare the changes of starch granules and their effects during pollen germination by physiological and biochemical, cytological and proteomic approaches. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with mature maize pollen, the starch content in cedar pollen was lower, but the amylose proportion was higher.(2)Starch granules in cedar pollen were irregular and cobblestone-like, whereas those in maize were short and rod-shaped.(3)The activities of α-amylase and β-amylase, and the types and activities of isoenzymes were much lower than those in maize pollen.(4)Starch granules in mature cedar pollen were primarily distributed in the cytoplasm around the inner pollen wall, and gradually moved into pollen tube during pollen germination. Meanwhile, the types and activities of starch isoenzymes increased, and the degradation of starch increased, thereby producing more soluble sugar to provide energy for pollen germination. This research provides new clues for understanding the reasons for the slow pollen germination and pollen tube growth of gymnosperms.
      2026,46(2):235-244    [Abstract](222)    [PDF](60)
    • HE Yanli1,2, HU Haixia3,4, YANG Wenke2, LI Dan1, LIU Qiang2, SONG Liang3*
      Diversity and distribution patterns of Orchidaceae in Wumeng Mountain National Nature Reserve
      Orchidaceae, encompassing numerous rare and endangered species, remains a focal group for biodiversity conservation research due to its distribution characteristics and survival status. To comprehensively master the species diversity, distribution patterns, and survival status of Orchidaceae in Wumeng Mountain National Nature Reserve of northeastern Yunnan Province, we systematically surveyed orchids using quadrat sampling and analyzed their diversity through diversity indices and phylogenetic reconstruction. It had deeply revealed the diversity characteristics of Orchidaceae in this region. The results were as follows:(1)The Orchidaceae flora was dominated by Habenaria, Calanthe, and Platanthera, with characteristic species including Calanthe puberula, Liparis campylostalix, Neottia nanchuanica, Odontochilus elwesii, and Goodyera henryi. Monotypic genera comprised 73% of the total. Diversity indices [Margalef's richness index(DMG)=4.035 6, Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H')= 2.622 8, Simpson's dominance index(λ) = 0.113 6)] indicated moderate diversity and low dominance.(2)Species richness peaked at mid-high altitudes(1 700 - 2 100 m). Phylogenetically related species clustered at similar altitudes and habitats, suggesting strong habitat filtering.(3)Notably, 30% of species were threatened, particularly the taxa with medicinal and ornamental values such as Anoectochilus emeiensis, Cremastra appendiculata, Pleione yunnanensis, and Cymbidium goeringii and the survival status of these species were particularly worrying. In summary, the overall diversity of the Orchidaceae flora in this reserve is not high, and the distribution of species is uneven at different altitudes, and some species are facing high survival risks. The study provides critical baseline data for regional Orchidaceae diversity research and provide direct scientific support for the subsequent systematic protection and management of Orchidaceae.
      2026,46(2):245-258    [Abstract](294)    [PDF](60)
    • XIE Mei1, GOU Guangqian1, AN Mingtai2, SUN Qingwen3, HU Guoxiong1*
      Research on the diversity and geographic distribution of lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou, China
      In or1. Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 2. College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 3. College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Chinader to systematically update and analyze the plant checklist of lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou, and to provide a scientific basis for the biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization in the region, we investigated relevant literature, databases, and specimen information, and conducted comprehensive statistics and analyses of species composition, distribution patterns, and floristic characteristics of lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou based on the PPG I classification system. The main results were as follows:(1)Guizhou harbored exceptionally rich diversity of lycophytes and ferns, comprising 37 families, 121 genera, 934 species, 3 subspecies, and 35 varieties. These included 3 families, 9 genera, and 61 species(including infraspecific taxa, hereafter)of lycophytes, and 34 families, 112 genera, and 911 species of ferns.(2)The dominant families included Dryopteridaceae(238 species), Pteridaceae(121 species), Polypodiaceae(117 species), Athyriaceae(115 species), etc.; the dominant genera included Polystichum(101 species), Dryopteris(84 species), Asplenium(48 species), Pteris(44 species), etc.(3)The province contained 20 nationally protected species from 7 families and 9 genera, as well as 47 threatened species from 13 families and 22 genera.(4)In terms of horizontal distribution, species richness was the highest in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Prefecture(586 species)and the lowest in Liupanshui City(224 species), with a vertical distribution pattern showing a “mid-domain effect” with a maximum species diversity at 900 - 1 300 m elevation.(5)In terms of ecological types, terricolous species were the most abundant(533 species), followed by saxicolous(264 species), epiphytic(99 species), terricolous-saxicolous(69 species), with aquatic species being the rarest(7 species).(6)Floristic analysis at the genus level indicated that the lycophytes and ferns of Guizhou were dominated by tropical elements, consistent with the tropical dominance characteristics of Chinese fern flora. In conclusion, the results of this research not only enhance the fundamental data on lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou, but also provide critical support for advancing regional botanical surveys, ecological conservation planning, and biodiversity research.
      2026,46(2):259-272    [Abstract](248)    [PDF](59)
    • XIE Mei1, GOU Guangqian1, AN Mingtai2, SUN Qingwen3, HU Guoxiong1*
      Research on the diversity and geographic distribution of lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou, China
      In or1. Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 2. College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 3. College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, Chinader to systematically update and analyze the plant checklist of lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou, and to provide a scientific basis for the biodiversity conservation and sustainable utilization in the region, we investigated relevant literature, databases, and specimen information, and conducted comprehensive statistics and analyses of species composition, distribution patterns, and floristic characteristics of lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou based on the PPG I classification system. The main results were as follows:(1)Guizhou harbored exceptionally rich diversity of lycophytes and ferns, comprising 37 families, 121 genera, 934 species, 3 subspecies, and 35 varieties. These included 3 families, 9 genera, and 61 species(including infraspecific taxa, hereafter)of lycophytes, and 34 families, 112 genera, and 911 species of ferns.(2)The dominant families included Dryopteridaceae(238 species), Pteridaceae(121 species), Polypodiaceae(117 species), Athyriaceae(115 species), etc.; the dominant genera included Polystichum(101 species), Dryopteris(84 species), Asplenium(48 species), Pteris(44 species), etc.(3)The province contained 20 nationally protected species from 7 families and 9 genera, as well as 47 threatened species from 13 families and 22 genera.(4)In terms of horizontal distribution, species richness was the highest in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Prefecture(586 species)and the lowest in Liupanshui City(224 species), with a vertical distribution pattern showing a “mid-domain effect” with a maximum species diversity at 900 - 1 300 m elevation.(5)In terms of ecological types, terricolous species were the most abundant(533 species), followed by saxicolous(264 species), epiphytic(99 species), terricolous-saxicolous(69 species), with aquatic species being the rarest(7 species).(6)Floristic analysis at the genus level indicated that the lycophytes and ferns of Guizhou were dominated by tropical elements, consistent with the tropical dominance characteristics of Chinese fern flora. In conclusion, the results of this research not only enhance the fundamental data on lycophytes and ferns in Guizhou, but also provide critical support for advancing regional botanical surveys, ecological conservation planning, and biodiversity research.
      2026,46(2):259-272    [Abstract](244)    [PDF](54)
    • YONG Haiying, TUMUR Anwar*
      Three new records of the lichen genus Oxneriaria from China
      In order to explore the diversity of Oxneriaaria in Xinjiang, morphological, anatomical, chemical analyse, and combined with phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA-ITS sequences, are used to conduct a detailed taxonomic study on Oxneriaria specimens collected from Xingjiang, China. The results are as follows:(1)A total of three Oxneriaria lichens belong to the Chinese new record species, namely O. supertegens(Arnold)S. Y. Kondr. & Lökös, O. verruculosa(Kremp.)S. Y. Kondr. & Lökös, and O. permutata(Zahlbr.)S. Y. Kondr. & Lökös. Detailed descriptions and anatomical diagrams of the internal and external morphological structures of these three new record species are provided. In addition, similar species are compared and discussed.(2)O. supertegens is characterized by the dark gray to gray-brown with a slightly purple tinge, with black prothallus, apothecium dictyoplast, lecanorine, hymenium 89.5-135.0 μm, 8-spored asci, ellipsoid ascospores(16.0-25.5)μm ×(12.0-16.5)μm; O. verruculosa is characterized by a wart-like thallus and like altar-shaped apothecium, apothecium aspiciloid, hymenium 70.5-95.0 μm, 8-spored asci, ellipsoid ascospores(12.0-17.5)μm ×(7.5-13.5)μm, and contains stictic acid; O. permutata is characterized by the uneven and rough surface of thallus, apothecium aspiciloid, hymenium 100-115 μm, 8-spored asci, ellipsoid ascospores(15.0-22.0)μm ×(9.0-12.5)μm. The research results have increased the number of Oxneriaria species in China from 3 to 6,accounting for 32% of the total global species, enriching the basic data of Oxneriaria lichens in China.
      2026,46(2):273-280    [Abstract](250)    [PDF](58)
    • GAO Jie1,2, WEI Yumei3, LI Min4, HO Boon-Chuan5, HAO Jiewei1,2, ZHANG Lina1,2*
      Moss species newly recorded for China: Mitthyridium obtusifolium
      Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park is one of the first five national parks established in China, where comprehensive biodiversity surveys are essential foundations for the construction of the park. The present study investigated the Limushan area for bryophyte diversity through systematic field survey and voucher collection. The results were as follows:(1)Detailed morphological examination of the specimens with consultation with relevant literature revealed one moss species as a new record for China — Mitthyridium obtusifolium(Lindb.)H. Rob. The main distinguishing features of the species include creeping main stems with erect branches; leaves broadly lanceolate, slightly rugose with a rounded-obtuse apex; and leaf sheaths slightly broadened and differentiated borders extending from the leaf base to near the apex.(2)Detailed morphological descriptions and color plates of the species were provided based on the newly collected specimens. A global distribution map of M. obtusifolium was given, showing that this species is primarily found in tropical regions, particularly on islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans and along adjacent continental coastlines. It typically inhabits tree trunks and decaying wood at elevations below 500 m. The newly recorded occurrence in China represents the northernmost known distribution for this species globally. A classification key was developed to distinguish the three known Mitthyridium species in China: M. fasciculatum(Hook. & Grev.)H. Rob., M. obtusifolium, and M. flavum(Müll. Hal.)H. Rob.(3)A literature review revealed that the taxonomy of Mitthyridium was both complex and challenging. The phylogenetic relationships between Mitthyridium and the related Syrropodon Schwägr. as well as between M. obtusifolium and its related M. fasciculatum, were discussed. Mitthyridium is a mainly tropical lowland distribution genus, thus functioning as an important indicator for conservation and ecological restoration in lowland rainforest habitats. The discovery of new record not only enriches the floristic data of tropical bryophytes in Hainan and even China, but also contributes new scientific insights into the taxonomy, identification, and conservation of the genus Mitthyridium.
      2026,46(2):281-290    [Abstract](254)    [PDF](54)
    • ZHAN Zhenfeng1, ZHANG Zhixiang1*, ZHENG Baojiang2, ZHANG Yue3, ZHANG Hongwu4
      Two newly recorded species of Salix from China
      This study presents the first confirmed records of two willow species, Salix sericeo-cinerea Nakai and S. udensis Trautv. & C. Meyer in China, based on an integrative approach combining extensive field investigations of Salix L. plant populations in the Northeast region of China, combined with indepth research on related taxonomc literature both domestically and internationally, as well as comparisons of speciemens from multiple herbarium collections. The research was conducted to clarify the taxonomic status, morphological characteristics, and geographical distribution of these previously undocumented species in China. Materials and methods involved:(1)Systematic field surveys across Northeast China(2021—2024), with particular emphasis on population-level morphological variations during both flowering and vegetative stages;(2)Exhaustive analysis of taxonomic literature, including original descriptions and regional floras;(3)Detailed comparisons of a substantial number of herbarium specimens, including type materials accessed through international collaborations and digital repositories. S. sericeo-cinerea, distributed in Fenghuang Mountain, Wuchang City, Heilongjiang Province, was identified as an alpine dwarf shrub(0.5-1.8 m tall)characterized by obovate leaves with margins conspicuously adorned by white silky villous hairs, catkins bearing 4-8 small basal leaves, and remarkably prominent styles. These diagnostic features provide clear distinctions from its morphologically similar congener, S. taraikensis Kimura. S. udensis, found in Xingkai Lake, Heilongjiang Province, and Northeastern Inner Mongolia, was recognized as a medium-sized shrub(3-5 m tall)with narrowly obovate leaves and uniquely deeply cleft stigmas(extending below the midpoint of the styles), providing reliable diagnostic characters to separate it from the widespread S. sachalinensis F. Schmidt. Population-level morphohegical stability stuies further validated the species-level taxonomic status of these two taxa.(3)Comprehensive morphological descriptions were provided, supported by detailed morphological illustrations and voucher specimens(deposited at BJFC), along with precise geagraphical distribution data. Ecological observations revealed that S. sericeo-cinerea predominantly grows in high-altitude open slopes(1 400-1 700 m), while S. udensis occurs in lowland wetland habitats near the China-Russia border region. This study unequivocally confirms the existence of S. sericeo-cinerea and S. udensis in China, representing significant additions to the diversity of Salix in the country. The findings highlight the importance of thorough taxonomic revisions and targeted field surveys in understudied regions. Moreover, the research establishes a solid foundation for future studies on the phylogeny, biogeography, and conservation of these newly recorded species in Northeast China. The methodological framework employed, particularly the integration of population-level analyses with type specimen examinations, provides a valuable model for resolving complex taxonomic issues in Salix and other challenging plant groups.
      2026,46(2):291-298    [Abstract](252)    [PDF](59)
    • HE Shunshun, LI Cheng, ZHANG Chao, ZHANG Yuxiao*
      Molecular-assisted identification and complementary morphological description of Melocalamus scandens and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus(Bambusoideae)
      Complete morphological characteristics are important basis for species classification. Melocalamus scandens Hsueh & C. M. Hui and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus(Hsueh & C. M. Hui)D. Z. Li & Z. H. Guo are two species endemic to Yunnan. Currently, the morphological description of reproductive organs of M. scandens has not yet been reported, and based on field surveys and literature review, we found that the description of reproductive organs of the two bamboo species was incomplete in the original literature. Based on extensive field surveys, the super-barcodes plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA(nrDNA)sequences were exploited to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, so that the identities of individuals collected in the field could be confirmed. On this basis, characteristics of the reproductive organs of M. scandens were supplemented, and the features of the culm leaf ligule, and foliage leaf auricle and ligule were refined. Morphological information of the culm leaf auricle, and foliage leaf auricle and ligule of M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus were supplemented. The results were as follows:(1)Phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA sequences indicated that M. scandens and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus formed monophyletic clades with high support value, respectively; whereas in the plastid genome phylogenetic tree, the individuals of these two species were polyphyletic, possibly due to incomplete lineage sorting in this group.(2)Supplementary description of M. scandens: culm leaf ligules entire or dentate; foliage leaf auricles tiny or absent, oral setae present; upper margin of foliage leaf ligule ciliate; pseudospikelets clustered on nodes; florets 4-6 with the apex one sterile; glumes 2-4; lemma glabrous, 15-veined; palea slightly bifid apically, 2-keeled, keels with white cilia; lodicules 3; stamens 6; ovary ovate, style 1, stigmas 3, white, plumose.(3)Complementary description of M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus: culm leaf auricles linear or absent; ligules conspicuous, margin long fimbriate; foliage leaf auricles linear or absent; ligules conspicuous, margins dentate when fimbriae deciduous later. The study confirms that the feasibility of comprehensively utilizing plastid genomes and nrDNA sequences for species identification in the genus Melocalamus. The supplementary descriptions of inflorescence and vegetative organ morphology provide a more comprehensive taxonomic basis for the accurate identification of M. scandens and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus.
      2026,46(2):299-310    [Abstract](226)    [PDF](54)
    • HE Shunshun, LI Cheng, ZHANG Chao, ZHANG Yuxiao*
      Molecular-assisted identification and complementary morphological description of Melocalamus scandens and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus(Bambusoideae)
      Complete morphological characteristics are important basis for species classification. Melocalamus scandens Hsueh & C. M. Hui and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus(Hsueh & C. M. Hui)D. Z. Li & Z. H. Guo are two species endemic to Yunnan. Currently, the morphological description of reproductive organs of M. scandens has not yet been reported, and based on field surveys and literature review, we found that the description of reproductive organs of the two bamboo species was incomplete in the original literature. Based on extensive field surveys, the super-barcodes plastid genomes and nuclear ribosomal DNA(nrDNA)sequences were exploited to reconstruct phylogenetic trees, so that the identities of individuals collected in the field could be confirmed. On this basis, characteristics of the reproductive organs of M. scandens were supplemented, and the features of the culm leaf ligule, and foliage leaf auricle and ligule were refined. Morphological information of the culm leaf auricle, and foliage leaf auricle and ligule of M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus were supplemented. The results were as follows:(1)Phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA sequences indicated that M. scandens and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus formed monophyletic clades with high support value, respectively; whereas in the plastid genome phylogenetic tree, the individuals of these two species were polyphyletic, possibly due to incomplete lineage sorting in this group.(2)Supplementary description of M. scandens: culm leaf ligules entire or dentate; foliage leaf auricles tiny or absent, oral setae present; upper margin of foliage leaf ligule ciliate; pseudospikelets clustered on nodes; florets 4-6 with the apex one sterile; glumes 2-4; lemma glabrous, 15-veined; palea slightly bifid apically, 2-keeled, keels with white cilia; lodicules 3; stamens 6; ovary ovate, style 1, stigmas 3, white, plumose.(3)Complementary description of M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus: culm leaf auricles linear or absent; ligules conspicuous, margin long fimbriate; foliage leaf auricles linear or absent; ligules conspicuous, margins dentate when fimbriae deciduous later. The study confirms that the feasibility of comprehensively utilizing plastid genomes and nrDNA sequences for species identification in the genus Melocalamus. The supplementary descriptions of inflorescence and vegetative organ morphology provide a more comprehensive taxonomic basis for the accurate identification of M. scandens and M. compactiflorus var. fimbriatus.
      2026,46(2):299-310    [Abstract](236)    [PDF](53)
      • Physiology and Ecology
    • KANG Yaoyao1, ZHAO Xuyan2, LI Lingyan3*
      Correlations of leaf functional traits of Persicaria hydropiper and its responses to climatic factors in Northwest Yunnan
      The study of the response of wetland plants to climate change is the foundation for understanding the response of wetland ecosystem to climate change. This study took Persicaria hydropiper, one type of emergent aquatic plant in the lakeside zone of Jianhu, Lashihai, Luguhu and Napahai in Northwest Yunnan, as the research object. The species' functional traits were measured, the altitude and climatic factors of four sampling sites were collected, and the relationship between functional traits of P. hydropiper and climatic factors was detected through redundancy analysis to explore climate response variations of these functional traits. The results were as follows:(1)The stomatal density and leaf mass per area of P. hydropiper significantly increased with the increase of altitude, however, stomatal conductance, conduit area, stomatal area, leaf carbon mass fraction, and leaf nitrogen mass fraction significantly decreased with increasing altitude(P<0.05).(2)The mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and mean annual air relative humidity were the main climatic factors affecting the functional traits of P. hydropiper. The species preferred to grow in low altitude habitats with relatively high temperature, precipitation, and air humidity.(3)There was a functional correlation between the functional traits of P. hydropiper. Net photosynthetic rate was significantly and positively correlated with leaf vein density, leaf mass per area, and leaf phosphorus mass fraction, while it was significantly and negatively correlated with sieve tube area(P<0.05). Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were significantly and positively correlated with stem diameter, stomatal size, and leaf carbon mass fraction. Transpiration rate was also significantly and positively correlated with plant height(P<0.05). This study reveals the main environmental factors that affect the functional traits of P. hydropiper, and provides scientific data for its functional adaptability in the context of climate change.
      2026,46(2):311-319    [Abstract](254)    [PDF](52)
    • YANG Fan1,2, ZENG Xin2,3, LIU Yuwei1,2, YANG Jiaping2,4, TAN Yu2,5,6*
      Short-term effects of warming on organic carbon content during leaf litter decomposition in subalpine fir forest of western Sichuan
      Global warming profoundly impacts the decomposition of surface litter in terrestrial ecosystems. Understanding the response of litter decomposition and its organic carbon components in alpine forests to warming is of great significance for comprehending forest carbon turnover under climate change. To explore the short-term impact of warming-induced hydrothermal changes on organic carbon components during litter decomposition, a one-year in-situ decomposition experiment was carried out in a subalpine fir forest in western Sichuan. The dynamic changes of leaf litter mass and its organic carbon components were monitored through continuous sampling using simulated warming in an open-top chamber(OTC). The results were as follows:(1)Compared with the control, simulated warming significantly increased soil temperature(+0.55 ℃), while significantly decreased litter water content by 7.46%, however, it had no significant effect on soil water content.(2)Simulated warming did not significantly change the mass remaining and the content of major organic carbon components(such as total organic carbon, hot water-soluble organic carbon, and non-structural carbon)of leaf litter. However, the content of dissolved organic carbon(DOC), dissolved sugar, and starch was significantly affected by the interaction between warming and the sampling period, indicating that litter mass remaining and the content of most organic carbon components are not sensitive to short-term warming.(3)The partial least squares structural equation model(PLS-SEM)analysis showed that although simulated warming did not alter the association pathways among soil temperature and water content, litter mass, and organic carbon components, it significantly strengthened the negative correlation between litter water content and organic carbon components. This suggests that future temperature increases in subalpine areas of western Sichuan may affect the input of litter organic carbon into soil as a source of nutrients by altering the moisture status of surface litter. This study emphasizes that future research should focus more on the impact of warming on litter moisture dynamics and its role in carbon turnover. These findings provide an important basis for a deeper understanding of the carbon cycle in alpine ecosystems and for optimizing forest response prediction models under future global climate change scenarios.
      2026,46(2):320-331    [Abstract](286)    [PDF](49)
    • DAI Fangyu1,2, DAO Zhigang3, LI Zhenxue3, LI Zhongfei1, ZHANG Shubin2*
      Nutrient storage and allocation pattern in a savanna ecosystem, Yuanjiang dry-hot valley, Southwest China
      Nutrient storage and allocation patterns in plant communities are critical for understanding nutrient utilization and cycling within ecosystems. The dry-hot valleys of Southwest China, characterized by their extreme climatic conditions of high temperatures and low precipitation, support a unique savanna vegetation type. To investigate nutrient element storage and allocation patterns in this region, this study took the savanna ecosystem in the Yuanjiang dry-hot valley of Yunnan Province as the research object and systematically analyzed the storage and allocation patterns of five nutrient elements: nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), potassium(K), calcium(Ca), and magnesium(Mg). The results were as follows:(1)The total nutrient storage of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), potassium(K), calcium(Ca), and magnesium(Mg)was 8.337 7 t·hm-2, with Ca having the highest storage(2.587 8 t·hm-2)and P having the lowest storage(0.297 3 t·hm-2). Compared to other forest ecosystems, nutrient storage in this savanna system was relatively low.(2)Vertically, nutrient distribution showed a clear hierarchy: the tree layer contributed the most(84.29%), followed by the grass layer(9.65%)and shrub layer(5.69%), with minimal contribution from the litter layer(0.37%).(3)Notably, belowground nutrient storage accounted for 47.81% of the total, indicating a significant allocation of nutrients to roots and other subterranean components.(4)The region's low annual rainfall and prolonged seasonal droughts imposed severe constraints on plant growth, leading to the observed low nutrient storage in this savanna ecosystem.(5)As an adaptive strategy to long-term drought stress, the savanna plants in this region allocate a greater proportion of nutrients to belowground structures such as roots to maintain ecological adaptability. This study reveals the characteristics of nutrient storage and spatial allocation in the dry-hot valley ecosystem, providing an important basis for understanding material cycling patterns in this region, scientific guidance for the restoration and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems, and valuable reference for in-depth exploration of plant adaptation strategies and ecosystem management practices in arid and semi-arid regions.
      2026,46(2):332-342    [Abstract](264)    [PDF](60)
    • XU Mengwei1, DU Fan1, WEI Jiansheng2, WANG Jingxian3, SHI Ming1*, HE Chengcheng1, ZHOU Xunkang1
      Characteristics of the Bauhinia bohniana community, a unique vegetation in the Jinsha River valley
      The dry-warm valley shrubland is a significant vegetation type in the middle Jinsha River valley. The Bauhinia bohniana shrubland is a recently discovered relic endemic community of this type. Current research on valley shrubland has largely focused on dry-hot valley vegetation, and there is a lack of research on the community and ecological characteristics of dry-warm valley vegetation. This study used drone photography and the quadrat method to investigate the characteristics and current distribution of the B. bohniana community. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 22 surveyed B. bohniana community quadrats recorded 194 vascular plant species belonging to 57 families and 120 genera. Fabaceae and Poaceae were the dominant families, while Carex and Selaginella were the dominant genera; the flora showed a tropical-temperate transitional pattern, with 56.52% tropical and 43.48% temperate genera; at the species level, Chinese endemics dominate, including 51 indicator species of the Jinsha River dry-warm valleys, reflecting relict evolution and specialization driven by the Tethys retreat and the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.(2)The community exhibited a distinct vertical structure, with shrub layer cover ranged from 30% to 70%, herb layer from 10% to 50%, and interlayer from 1% to 3%; it had a typical drought-deciduous appearance, turning sparse and yellow in the dry season and regreening in the rainy season, with a significantly delayed phenology compared to surrounding areas; the species diversity index of the shrub layer was higher than that of the herb layer.(3)The life-form spectrum was dominated by hemicryptophytes(41.24%)and phanerophytes(34.54%). Prominent adaptive traits included a predominance of small leaves(microphyll, 50.52%), chartaceous(64.06%), and a deciduous habit, which indicated convergent adaptation to drought stress. The community shared adaptive strategies with African savannas community and Mediterranean shrubland but had a higher proportion of temperate genera(43.48%), highlighting its transitional nature. This study is of great significance for revealing the historical evolution of the Jinsha River valley, and provides a scientific basis for the ecological conservation of its middle reaches.
      2026,46(2):343-352    [Abstract](218)    [PDF](53)
    • WEN Chengjing1,2, WU Junwen1*, LIU Yuanxi1, DU Guanben3
      Effects of different nitrogen additions on growth and leaf nutrient uptake of Ochroma lagopus plantation
      To investigate the effects of different nitrogen applications on the growth and leaf nutrient uptake of Ochroma lagopus plantations, one- and a-half-year-old O. lagopus trees were used as experimental materials. Five treatments set up: 0(N0), 50 kg·hm-2 urea(N1), 100 kg·hm-2 urea(N2), 50 kg·hm-2 slow-release nitrogen fertilizer(PCU1), and 100 kg·hm-2 slow-release nitrogen fertilizer(PCU2); tree height, diameter at breast height(DBH), and leaf carbon(C), nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), chlorophyll, and non-structural carbohydrates(NSC)contents were measured. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with the N0 treatment, tree height, DBH, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and chlorophyll(a+b)contents were significantly increased by 28.66%, 50.72%, 50.17%, 50.71%, and 50.25%, respectively, under the N2 fertilization treatment(P<0.05).(2)Compared with the N0 treatment, leaf N content significantly increased by 60.16%(P<0.05)under the N2 fertilization treatment; P content showed a decreasing trend. Under the N0 treatment, leaf N/P<14, indicating that O. lagopus growth was limited by N element. After nitrogen addition, N/P>14, indicating that nitrogen fertilization altered the N-element limitation on O. lagopus growth.(3)Compared with the N0 treatment, leaf soluble sugar and NSC contents were significantly increased by 78.98% and 52.49%, respectively, under the N2 fertilization treatment(P<0.05).(4)Under urea application, the leaf soluble sugar content showed significant positive correlations with N content, C/P, and N/P, and a significant negative correlation with P content; under slow-release fertilizer application, the leaf starch content showed a significant negative correlation with P content and a significant positive correlation with N/P; under nitrogen application, the leaf soluble sugar and starch contents showed significant positive correlations with N content and N/P.(5)The phenotypic plasticity indices for leaf N, N/P, C/P, soluble sugar content, and soluble sugar/starch were all relatively high. The cumulative variance contribution rates of principal component 1(PC1)and principal component 2(PC2)were 66.3%. In summary, nitrogen addition significantly promotes the growth of O. lagopus and leaf nutrient absorption, with the N2 fertilization treatment yielding the best results; nitrogen addition alleviates the limiting effect of nitrogen on O. lagopus growth; O. lagopus promotes growth by increasing chlorophyll content, improving leaf utilization efficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus, and thereby altering the distribution of leaf soluble sugar and starch contents.
      2026,46(2):353-366    [Abstract](256)    [PDF](59)
    • CHEN Wenlin1,2,3, WEN Yuzhuo1, LIU Jie4, LU Hui1, LING Donglin1, JIANG Weixin1, BAI Tiandao1*
      Effects of temperature and wind on growth and physiology of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia seedlings
      Exploring the growth and physiological adaptability of the offspring of Pinus yunnanensis var. tenuifolia(Pyt)populations to high temperature and strong wind environment in their typical habitats is of great significance for understanding the adaptive evolution and developmental potential of this species. Pyt is one of the main tree species in the dry-hot valleys located at the junction of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi in the upper reaches of the Pearl River. It is very important to maintain water, soil, and vegetation ecology in this area. This study conducted seedling cultivation experiments using natural populations of Pyt seeds collected from the Nanpanjiang-Hongshui River basin, along with one natural population of P. massoniana (Pm)from the adjacent eastern region. The 25 ℃ windless environment group was used as the control, while the 30 ℃ windless environment group and the 25 ℃ environment with a wind speed of 1.2 m·s-1 were established to investigate the adaptive responses of seedling growth and physiology to high temperature and wind environment. The results were as follows:(1)Compared to Pm, Pyt seedlings exhibited superior growth and physiological performance under a temperature of 30 ℃ and a wind speed of 1.2 m·s-1. Additionally, the offspring of certain Pyt populations performed significantly better than those of Pm. These findings demonstrate that Pyt possess superior ecological suitability compared to Pm in dry-hot habitats.(2)The 30 ℃ environment significantly increased ground diameter(+11.9%, P<0.05)and total root average diameter(+9.41%, P<0.05), along with a marked reduction in peroxidase activity(-68.1%, P < 0.01)compared to 25 ℃ environment. A wind speed of 1.2 m·s-1 significantly enhanced the total root average diameter(+11.1%, P < 0.05)and decreased malondialdehyde content(-44.9%, P < 0.05)compared to a windless environment, indicating that high temperature and windy environment promote the growth of Pyt seedlings by enhancing the adaptation of their roots and stems to dry-hot, and windy enviromment, thereby achieving a lower stress response.(3)Overall, antioxidant enzyme activities and peroxidation product contents showed negative correlations with annual mean temperature, monthly average temperature, and wind speed, while showed positive correlations with altitude and annual precipitation, indicating that the physiological adaptability of seedling growth was mainly influenced by the synergistic selections of temperature, precipitation, wind, and altitude. In conclusion, the dry-hot environment combined with strong wind environment in the Nanpanjiang-Hongshui River valley is a critical factor driving the development and evolution of Pyt.
      2026,46(2):367-380    [Abstract](202)    [PDF](50)

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