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  • GUIHAIA
  • 2024, Vol.44, No.11
  • Publication date：2024-11-25
【Recommended article】LUO Maofang et al. Under the leadership of the Chinese presidency, the second part of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)adopted 62 decisions, in particular Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(KM-GBF), which is based on the theory of transformative changes. KM-GBF, its achievements, gaps, and lessons learned, and the experience and achievements of other relevant multilateral environmental agreements, sets out an ambitious plan to implement broad-based action to bring about a transformation in our societies' relationship with biodiversity by 2030, and draws a new blueprint for global biodiversity governance. This paper provides an interpretation of the three core targets of the framework — the “3030 target” for protected areas, resource mobilisation, and digital sequence information of genetic resources, a brief introduction to the relevant decisions to ensure the implementation of the framework, and recommendations for future conservation actions in China:(1)To strengthen the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation. Revision of China's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030)is an opportunity to involve the whole government and society in the process and to take action to promote the goals and targets of the KM-GBF;(2)To further develop detailed conservation plans, clarify the scopes, purposes and management measures of conservation areas, and implement responsible authorities and specific measures for implementing the plans. Researches on the Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures(OECMs)are needed to incorporate into the management system for biodiversity conservation;(3)To develop an operational indicator system and monitoring plan in accordance with the monitoring requirements of the framework targets;(4)To continue to strengthen awareness and education on biodiversity conservation, raise public awareness and attention to biodiversity conservation, and promote sustainable production and sustainable consumption in society as a whole;(5)To promote international cooperation vigorously to explore and promote Nature-based Solutions on a larger scale, and find pathways for economic and social development that have positive and beneficial effects on nature.

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Current Issue 2024,Vol.44,No.11

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    • 2024,No.11 PDF(whole issue)
      2024,44(11)    [Abstract](194)    [PDF](7)
    • 2024,No.11 Cover
      2024,44(11)    [Abstract](160)    [PDF](77)
    • 2024,No.11 Contents
      2024,44(11)    [Abstract](198)    [PDF](76)
      • Special Subject： Provincial Research Progress on National Key Protected Wild Plants
    • ZHANG Xiaohui1, ZHANG Jianqiang1, NING Kun1, WANG Xiaojia1, KANG Juqing1, QIU Linfeng1, LI Yali2, LIU Xiaoying1, YUE Ming3,4*
      Resource and conservation status of national key protected wild plants in Shaanxi Province, China
      Based on the references of natural reserves in Shaanxi Province, field survey, and digitized herbarium specimens provided by China Virtual Herbarium(CVH), and The List of National Key Protected wild Peauts(NKPWPs)(2021 Version), and The List of National Key Protected Wild Plants distributed in Shaanxi Province. The resource and conservation status of species NKPWPs distributed in Shaanxi Province was investigated and analyzed in present study. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 104 species(including subspecies and variety)belonged to 38 families, 67 genera were distributed in Shaanxi Province, including 3 species in genus 1 family of lycophytes, 6 species and 2 varieties in 6 genera 2 families of gymnosperms, and 85 species, 1 subspecies and 10 varieties in 60 genera 35 families of angiosperms, representing 2.88%, 6.73% and 90.38% of the total NKPWPs respectively.(2)The number of the NKPWPs represented about 18.18%, 5.09%, and 2% of families, genera and species respectively of the total vascular plant in Shaanxi Province.(3)Among 104 species of NKPWPs, 26 species listed in the last version(1999)had been protected, and 78 species were added newly, in which 24 species were ever listed and protected as local protected wild plants, and a total of 54 additional species were not protected at all before, accounting for 52% of the total NKPWPs, e.g. Phalaenopsis zhejiangensis, Dendrobium flexicaule and Paeonia rockii. The endangered status analysis showed that 5 species were critically endangered(CR), representing 4.81%, 22 species were endangered(EN)and 22 species were vulnerable(VU), representing 24.04% of the total NKPWPs, respectively.(4)Qinling-Bashan region was a concentrated distribution area of NKPWPs, about 60 species were distributed in Zhenping County, accounting for 57.69% of the total, and 47 species were distributed in both Pingli County and Foping County; contrast to it, few species found in the north area of Shaanxi Province.(5)There were 249 reserves in Shaanxi Province, including the natural reserve(national and provincial), wetland parks and forest parks, and about 70 species representing 67.31% of NKPWPs had been effectively protected in these areas. We suggest: investigate the resources, distribution and status of the additional species of NKPWPs in Shaanxi Province, especially focus on the 54 species which are not protected previously; facilitate the regional botanical gardens in the Loess Plateau area of Shaanxi Province; dynamic monitor and update data of NKPWPs in natural reserves, so as to provide a scientific and valuable reference for in situ and ex situ conservation in the future.
      2024,44(11):1989-1999    [Abstract](232)    [PDF](89)
    • WEI Xinzeng1,2, PU Yunhai3, SHI Hongwen4, XIAO Zhiqiang5, JIANG Mingxi1,2*
      Geographic distribution and research progress of national key protected wild plants in Hubei Province
      The updated List of National Key Protected Wild Plants(LNKPWP)was released by National Forestry and Grassland Administration and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China in September 2021. By integrating literature search, herbarium record, field investigation and expert consultation, we compiled the updated list, investigated the geographic distribution map, research progress, threatened status, and protection status of national key protected wild plants(NKPWP)in Hubei Province. The results are as follows:(1)There are 155 species on the LNKPWP in Hubei Province, of which 11 species are protected at Category I and 144 species are protected at Category Ⅱ.(2)Geographic distribution of NKPWP in Hubei Province is uneven and concentrated in West and Southwest Hubei, with Shennongjia and Lichuan have the greatest numbers of NKPWP.(3)The most studied species are the species with economic value, flagship species and regional representative species. In addition, more than a third of the species(55 species)are almost unstudied. The research of NKPWP in Hubei Province focused on genetic diversity, genetic structure, future distribution prediction under global change conditions, and phylogeography, etc.(4)According to the Red List of China Biodiversity — Volume of Higher Plants, the NKPWP in Hubei Province contain 9 critically endangered species, 30 endangered species, 41 vulnerable species and 19 near-threatened species. The main threatened factors are direct mining or logging, habitat degradation or loss, and species intrinsic factors.(5)Until now, 137(88.4%)species of NKPWP in Hubei Province are wholly or partially located in protected areas, and the remaining 18 species(11.6%)are completely located outside protected areas. A total of 93 species of NKPWP have been introduced and cultivated in Hubei Province, while the other 62 species have not been recorded under ex situ conservation. In addition, very few species have been reintroduced into the wild.(6)Up to now, although the distribution ranges of seven wild plants in Hubei Province(five of which are endemic to Hubei)are limited and they are negatively affected by internal causes and human interference, they have not been included in the LNKPWP. In addition, this study points out the knowledge gaps in the research and protection of NKPWP in Hubei Province, and puts forward specific research suggestions and protection strategies.
      2024,44(11):2000-2009    [Abstract](230)    [PDF](104)
    • WEI Xinzeng1,2, PU Yunhai3, SHI Hongwen4, XIAO Zhiqiang5, JIANG Mingxi1,2*
      Geographic distribution and research progress of national key protected wild plants in Hubei Province
      The updated List of National Key Protected Wild Plants(LNKPWP)was released by National Forestry and Grassland Administration and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China in September 2021. By integrating literature search, herbarium record, field investigation and expert consultation, we compiled the updated list, investigated the geographic distribution map, research progress, threatened status, and protection status of national key protected wild plants(NKPWP)in Hubei Province. The results are as follows:(1)There are 155 species on the LNKPWP in Hubei Province, of which 11 species are protected at Category I and 144 species are protected at Category Ⅱ.(2)Geographic distribution of NKPWP in Hubei Province is uneven and concentrated in West and Southwest Hubei, with Shennongjia and Lichuan have the greatest numbers of NKPWP.(3)The most studied species are the species with economic value, flagship species and regional representative species. In addition, more than a third of the species(55 species)are almost unstudied. The research of NKPWP in Hubei Province focused on genetic diversity, genetic structure, future distribution prediction under global change conditions, and phylogeography, etc.(4)According to the Red List of China Biodiversity — Volume of Higher Plants, the NKPWP in Hubei Province contain 9 critically endangered species, 30 endangered species, 41 vulnerable species and 19 near-threatened species. The main threatened factors are direct mining or logging, habitat degradation or loss, and species intrinsic factors.(5)Until now, 137(88.4%)species of NKPWP in Hubei Province are wholly or partially located in protected areas, and the remaining 18 species(11.6%)are completely located outside protected areas. A total of 93 species of NKPWP have been introduced and cultivated in Hubei Province, while the other 62 species have not been recorded under ex situ conservation. In addition, very few species have been reintroduced into the wild.(6)Up to now, although the distribution ranges of seven wild plants in Hubei Province(five of which are endemic to Hubei)are limited and they are negatively affected by internal causes and human interference, they have not been included in the LNKPWP. In addition, this study points out the knowledge gaps in the research and protection of NKPWP in Hubei Province, and puts forward specific research suggestions and protection strategies.
      2024,44(11):2000-2009    [Abstract](204)    [PDF](78)
    • ZHANG Shunwei, LI Jinghan, YANG Xiaobo, LI Donghai*, WANG Chongyang, ZHU Zicheng, JIANG Yuexin, HE Yiqi, Shang Naiyan, DU Chunyan, LIU Chang, ZHONG Lishuang, SU Xin
      Distribution characteristics of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province and the vegetation types underlying them
      In order to reveal the distribution and habitat characteristics of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province, we studied the distribution characteristics and vegetation types of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province by selecting national key protected wild plants, based on the 2021 edition of The List of National Key Protected Wild Plants through the methods such as data reduction and field surveys. The results were as follows:(1)There were a total of 53 families, 83 genera and 173 species of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province, ranking fifth in the number of species and first in the density of species in China(based on the current data base of wild).(2)All 19 counties and municipalities in Hainan Province had national key protected wild plants, and the number of species in the central and the south of the cities/counties is much larger than that in the north, with the largest species richness in Changjiang Li Autonomous County(75 species), and the highest species density in Lingshui Li Autonomous County(0.604 5 ind.·km-2); the number of species of national key protected wild plants was distributed in nine gradients(with a gradient value of 200 m)from 0 m to 1 867 m above sea level, and there were a trend of slightly decreased-very rapidly increased-slowly decreased, with the highest number of species distributed in the elevation band. When 800 m ≤ Altitude < 1 000 m and 1 000 m ≤ Altitude < 1 200 m, there was 81 national key protected wild plant species, while only 9 species in the segment 1 600 m ≤ Altitude < 1 867 m.(3)The habitats of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province were complexed, relied on a total of 11 vegetation types, among which the lowland rainforest had the highest species richness(114 species), followed by mountain rainforest(105 species)and the semi-mangrove forest(1 species); and the most severely externally disturbed is freshwater wet grassland, followed by lowland rainforest, and the least is montane cloud forest. The results of the study provide the scientific reference for the conservation and utilization of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province.
      2024,44(11):2010-2020    [Abstract](179)    [PDF](86)
    • ZHANG Shunwei, LI Jinghan, YANG Xiaobo, LI Donghai*, WANG Chongyang, ZHU Zicheng, JIANG Yuexin, HE Yiqi, Shang Naiyan, DU Chunyan, LIU Chang, ZHONG Lishuang, SU Xin
      Distribution characteristics of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province and the vegetation types underlying them
      In order to reveal the distribution and habitat characteristics of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province, we studied the distribution characteristics and vegetation types of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province by selecting national key protected wild plants, based on the 2021 edition of The List of National Key Protected Wild Plants through the methods such as data reduction and field surveys. The results were as follows:(1)There were a total of 53 families, 83 genera and 173 species of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province, ranking fifth in the number of species and first in the density of species in China(based on the current data base of wild).(2)All 19 counties and municipalities in Hainan Province had national key protected wild plants, and the number of species in the central and the south of the cities/counties is much larger than that in the north, with the largest species richness in Changjiang Li Autonomous County(75 species), and the highest species density in Lingshui Li Autonomous County(0.604 5 ind.·km-2); the number of species of national key protected wild plants was distributed in nine gradients(with a gradient value of 200 m)from 0 m to 1 867 m above sea level, and there were a trend of slightly decreased-very rapidly increased-slowly decreased, with the highest number of species distributed in the elevation band. When 800 m ≤ Altitude < 1 000 m and 1 000 m ≤ Altitude < 1 200 m, there was 81 national key protected wild plant species, while only 9 species in the segment 1 600 m ≤ Altitude < 1 867 m.(3)The habitats of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province were complexed, relied on a total of 11 vegetation types, among which the lowland rainforest had the highest species richness(114 species), followed by mountain rainforest(105 species)and the semi-mangrove forest(1 species); and the most severely externally disturbed is freshwater wet grassland, followed by lowland rainforest, and the least is montane cloud forest. The results of the study provide the scientific reference for the conservation and utilization of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province.
      2024,44(11):2010-2020    [Abstract](184)    [PDF](78)
    • LI Jinghan, ZHANG Shunwei, YANG Xiaobo*, LI Donghai, QI Chunlin, HUANG Yao, ZHANG Xiang, HAO Jiewei, LIANG Caiqun, ZHU Zicheng, JIANG Yuexin, WANG Chongyang, HE Yiqi
      Composition and floristic characteristics of national key protected wild plants distributed in Hainan Province, China
      Based on the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants and related data in 2021, combined with field investigation, the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants in Hainan Province was integrated, and its composition and floristic characteristics were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)Among the national key protected wild plants, the original Cycas changjiangensis, C. hainanensis, C. lingshuigensis and C. taiwaniana were incorporated into C. taiwaniana; compared with the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants in 1999, the original Semiliquidambar cathayensis and Amphicarpaea linearis were removed from the protection level, and Bretschneidera sinensis was degraded from Category I protection to the Category Ⅱ protection. A total of 127 species of national key protected wild plants were added, and a total of 173 species(including varieties)with the addition of original, belonging to 53 families and 83 genera, including 8 species of national Category I protected wild plants. There were 165 species of national Category Ⅱ protected wild plants and 32 endemic species in Hainan Province, which belonging to four groups. Among them, the angiosperm species were the most abundant, with 129 species.(2)Based on years of field investigation information and the results of this survey, C. rumphii, C.shanyagensis, Alsophila costularis and Paphiopedilum purpuratum had not been investigated.(3)The life forms of 173 protected plants were divided into five types, mainly phanerophytes(115 species), followed by hemicryptophytes(34 species)and geocryptophytes(22 species), and chamaephytes and cushion plant were the least(1 species).(4)At the family level, Orchidaceae had the largest number of species, including 47 species(27.17%). At the genus level, Dendrobium had the largest number of species, including 21 species(12.14%).( 5 )The floristic elements were complex and had obvious tropical characteristics. The families were mainly distributed in the pantropics and their variants. The genera were mainly distributed in tropical Asia and its variants. In summary, the tropical nature and unique phenomena of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province are obvious, and there are many new protected species. Therefore, background investigation and dynamic monitoring should be carried out continuously, law enforcement should be strengthened, human factors should be reduced to interfere with and destroy habitats, and in-situ and ex-situ protection measures should be taken to strengthen protection and management.
      2024,44(11):2021-2032    [Abstract](168)    [PDF](78)
    • LI Jinghan, ZHANG Shunwei, YANG Xiaobo*, LI Donghai, QI Chunlin, HUANG Yao, ZHANG Xiang, HAO Jiewei, LIANG Caiqun, ZHU Zicheng, JIANG Yuexin, WANG Chongyang, HE Yiqi
      Composition and floristic characteristics of national key protected wild plants distributed in Hainan Province, China
      Based on the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants and related data in 2021, combined with field investigation, the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants in Hainan Province was integrated, and its composition and floristic characteristics were analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)Among the national key protected wild plants, the original Cycas changjiangensis, C. hainanensis, C. lingshuigensis and C. taiwaniana were incorporated into C. taiwaniana; compared with the List of National Key Protected Wild Plants in 1999, the original Semiliquidambar cathayensis and Amphicarpaea linearis were removed from the protection level, and Bretschneidera sinensis was degraded from Category I protection to the Category Ⅱ protection. A total of 127 species of national key protected wild plants were added, and a total of 173 species(including varieties)with the addition of original, belonging to 53 families and 83 genera, including 8 species of national Category I protected wild plants. There were 165 species of national Category Ⅱ protected wild plants and 32 endemic species in Hainan Province, which belonging to four groups. Among them, the angiosperm species were the most abundant, with 129 species.(2)Based on years of field investigation information and the results of this survey, C. rumphii, C.shanyagensis, Alsophila costularis and Paphiopedilum purpuratum had not been investigated.(3)The life forms of 173 protected plants were divided into five types, mainly phanerophytes(115 species), followed by hemicryptophytes(34 species)and geocryptophytes(22 species), and chamaephytes and cushion plant were the least(1 species).(4)At the family level, Orchidaceae had the largest number of species, including 47 species(27.17%). At the genus level, Dendrobium had the largest number of species, including 21 species(12.14%).( 5 )The floristic elements were complex and had obvious tropical characteristics. The families were mainly distributed in the pantropics and their variants. The genera were mainly distributed in tropical Asia and its variants. In summary, the tropical nature and unique phenomena of national key protected wild plants in Hainan Province are obvious, and there are many new protected species. Therefore, background investigation and dynamic monitoring should be carried out continuously, law enforcement should be strengthened, human factors should be reduced to interfere with and destroy habitats, and in-situ and ex-situ protection measures should be taken to strengthen protection and management.
      2024,44(11):2021-2032    [Abstract](174)    [PDF](71)
    • WAN Pingping1, WANG Lisong1*, WU Shaodong1, XIE Minghua2
      Comparative study and geographical distribution of key protected wild vascular plants in Jiangxi Province, China
      Rare and endangered wild plants are important strategic resources and an essential component of biodiversity conservation. Grasping the diversity and geographic distribution of key protected plants in Jiangxi Province is a key step in developing scientific conservation and management at the provincial scale. Combining The List of National Key Protected Wild Plants(NKPWP, 2021)and The Checklist of the Key Protected Wild Plants in Jiangxi Province(KPWP, 2005), and digitized distribution data of herbarium specimens provided by the National Specimen Information Infrastructure(NSII), the diversity, geographic distribution, and conservation profile of these plants found in Jiangxi Province are analyzed. The results are as follows:(1)A total of 148 species of NKPWP(including intraspecies taxa), spanning 89 genera and 47 families, are found in Jiangxi Province.(2)A total of 407 species, belonging to 85 families and 208 genera, are recognized as the key protected plants in Jiangxi Province, including 16 species of lycopods and ferns(9 families and 10 genera); 26 species of gymnosperms(6 families and 17 genera), and 365 species of angiosperms(70 families and 181 genera).(3)Among of these species, 60.9% of them are protected within 32 national and provincial natural reserves; 70.5% of them are conserved ex situ in 67 Chinese botanic gardens.(4)Observation value and estimation value of species richness indicate that the areas with higher species richness include mountains and its adjacent areas of Lushan, Jiuling, Wugong, Jinggang in northern area, and Dayuling, Jiulian, and Wuyi in southern area. The distribution pattern of hotspots is generally consistent with the ranges of five key protected areas of biodiversity conservation in Jiangxi Province. The issues of the species included in The Checklist of the Key Protected Wild Plants of Jiangxi Province(2005)were discussed, and the 6E principles of the priority selection of key protected wild plants at province level and the related suggestions to strengthen the research on provincial protected plants were proposed.
      2024,44(11):2033-2046    [Abstract](184)    [PDF](81)
    • WAN Pingping1, WANG Lisong1*, WU Shaodong1, XIE Minghua2
      Comparative study and geographical distribution of key protected wild vascular plants in Jiangxi Province, China
      Rare and endangered wild plants are important strategic resources and an essential component of biodiversity conservation. Grasping the diversity and geographic distribution of key protected plants in Jiangxi Province is a key step in developing scientific conservation and management at the provincial scale. Combining The List of National Key Protected Wild Plants(NKPWP, 2021)and The Checklist of the Key Protected Wild Plants in Jiangxi Province(KPWP, 2005), and digitized distribution data of herbarium specimens provided by the National Specimen Information Infrastructure(NSII), the diversity, geographic distribution, and conservation profile of these plants found in Jiangxi Province are analyzed. The results are as follows:(1)A total of 148 species of NKPWP(including intraspecies taxa), spanning 89 genera and 47 families, are found in Jiangxi Province.(2)A total of 407 species, belonging to 85 families and 208 genera, are recognized as the key protected plants in Jiangxi Province, including 16 species of lycopods and ferns(9 families and 10 genera); 26 species of gymnosperms(6 families and 17 genera), and 365 species of angiosperms(70 families and 181 genera).(3)Among of these species, 60.9% of them are protected within 32 national and provincial natural reserves; 70.5% of them are conserved ex situ in 67 Chinese botanic gardens.(4)Observation value and estimation value of species richness indicate that the areas with higher species richness include mountains and its adjacent areas of Lushan, Jiuling, Wugong, Jinggang in northern area, and Dayuling, Jiulian, and Wuyi in southern area. The distribution pattern of hotspots is generally consistent with the ranges of five key protected areas of biodiversity conservation in Jiangxi Province. The issues of the species included in The Checklist of the Key Protected Wild Plants of Jiangxi Province(2005)were discussed, and the 6E principles of the priority selection of key protected wild plants at province level and the related suggestions to strengthen the research on provincial protected plants were proposed.
      2024,44(11):2033-2046    [Abstract](164)    [PDF](70)
    • DU Le1,2, ZHANG Zhen3, DA Lai1, XU Zhuwen2*, ZHAO Liqing2
      County-level distribution and conservation status of national key protected wild plants in Inner Mongolia
      In order to clarify the county-level distribution of national key protected plants in Inner Mongolia, their threatened degree and the current status of protection based on field surveys, specimen collections, and literature review of herbarium specimens from the Inner Mongolia University(HIMC), Chinese Virtual Herbarium(CVH). The compiled county-level distribution data of key protected wild plants in Inner Mongolia were evaluated and analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)There were 48 key protected wild plants in Inner Mongolia, including 1 species with data deficiency(DD), 10 species in endangered(EN), 19 species in vulnerable(VU), 10 species in near threatened(NT)and 8 species as least concern(LC). Among them, there were 3 lower plants and 45 higher plants. The key protected higher plants account for 1.4%(45/3 205)of the higher plants in Inner Mongolia, with moss plants accounting for 0.2%(1/586), gymnosperms accounting for 4.0%(1/25), and angiosperms accounting for 1.6%(43/2 619).(2)In terms of county-level distribution, Alxa Left Banner had the most species(15 species), followed by Oroqen Autonomous Banner(13 species), Yakeshi City(12 species), Hexigten Banner(11 species), Alxa Right Banner(10 species)and Erguna City(10 species). The number of national protected plants distributed in other counties was less than 10 species.(3)A total of 44 species of national key protected wild plants were protected in existing nature reserves; among them, 12 species were only distributed in national nature reserves, 4 species were only distributed in autonomous region level nature reserves, and 28 species were distributed in both national reserves and autonomous region level reserves; 4 species were not protected by nature reserves. Based on the above results, we have put forward strategies and recommendations for the future monitoring and protection of the national key protected plant species in Inner Mongolia.
      2024,44(11):2047-2056    [Abstract](164)    [PDF](78)
    • DUAN Yuhao1, CHEN Feng2, ZHANG Hongwei3, HE Anguo4, LIU Julian5, LIU Xi6, CHEN Xiaorong7, YE Lixin7, PANG Chunmei8, YU Lipeng9, ZHAO Changgao10, WANG Guanshun1, LU Yifei1, JIN Xiaofeng1*, YU Mingjian11*
      Resource status and priority for the protection of rare and endangered plants in Zhejiang Province, China
      The present study analyzed the listed rare and endangered plants on List of National Key Protected Wild Plants in China (2021)and List of Key Protected Wild Plants in Zhejiang Province(2023)(to be announced), which are known to occur in Zhejiang Province and their patterns of distribution. Using the coefficients of endangerment, genetic value, and species value, priority protection of rare and endangered plants in the province was quantitatively analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)A total of 333 rare and endangered species belonging 229 genera in 101 families had been documented as occurring in Zhejiang, of which 311 species(accounting for 93.39%)were seed plants. The family Orchidaceae had the greatest species richness with 56 species in 32 genera.(2)At the regional level, the highest densities of rare and endangered plants in Zhejiang were mainly concentrated in the Tianmu Mountain area(including 147 species)in Northwest Zhejiang and the Donggong Mountain area(including 164 species)in Southwest Zhejiang, whereas fewer rare and endangered plant species were distributed in the plains of North Zhejiang.(3)Based on elevation, the distribution of rare and endangered species revealed a reversed “U”-shaped pattern of firstly increasing with increasing elevation and then decreasing as the elevation continued to increase. The largest number of rare and endangered species(144 in 113 genera of 60 families)was found at elevations 601 to 800 m above sea level(a.s.l).(4)According to the quantitative analysis of priority protection, 82 species(24.62%)were classified as requiring the first level of priority protection(I), and 144(43.24%), 85(25.53%), and 22(6.61%)species were classified as levels Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ, respectively. It is a species richness of rare and endangered plants in Zhejiang Province, and this analysis provides a more intuitive reflection of urgent need for a specific degree of protection for various species. The current status of each species is roughly consistent with the results, and it is necessary to strengthen monitoring for proposing dynamically adjustments of the priority protection order for rare and endangered plants.
      2024,44(11):2057-2066    [Abstract](140)    [PDF](80)
      • Physiology and Development
    • SUN Jianping1, LU Jiani1,2, LI Xiaojun2*, XUE Chenyang2
      Effects of foliar-sprayed of selenium on distribution and accumulation of selenium in subcellular components of rice leaves
      Foliar selenium spraying is an effective agronomic fortification to increase the selenium content of crops. In order to explore the distribution, accumulation characteristics and influencing factors of selenium in rice leaf fractions, and to improve the utilization efficiency of foliar selenium application, we compared the effects of different selenium forms, concentrations, treatment time and different surfactant carriers on the distribution and accumulation of selenium in the subcellular fractions of rice leaves using the leaf in vitro culture technique. The results were as follows:(1)Selenium was mainly distributed in the cell wall of rice leaves, followed by chloroplast and mitochondrial fractions, with the least in the cytosol.(2)The uptake capacity of sodium selenite in leaves within a few hours of leaf application of selenium fertilizer was significantly higher than that of nano-selenium, selenomethionine and yeast selenium, by 1.25-fold, 1.32-fold and 5.43-fold, respectively, and the migration capacity was about 1.26-fold higher than that of the remaining three.(3)The optimal amount of selenium applied to each leaf was 0.008 mg, and at that time the selenium content in chloroplasts and mitochondria reached the maximum value.(4)Three to seven hour after leaf application of selenium was the critical time point for selenium uptake and translocation in leaves.(5)Meanwhile, compared with cyclodextrin and alkyl glycoside, the addition of rhamnolipid to exogenous selenium at a concentration of 30 mg·L-1 promoted selenium uptake in rice leaves, and the content of the absorbed content increased by 80%. The above results provide the theoretical referecence for the subsequent understanding of selenium transport mechanisms in leaves, and also provide the support for the optimization of selenium formulations, the establishment of scientific selenium application systems, and the reduction of selenium ecological and environmental risks in the future.
      2024,44(11):2067-2075    [Abstract](144)    [PDF](72)
    • JIAN Shaofen1,2,3, LIN Yang1,2,3, WAN Si1,2,3, ZHONG Chu1,2,3*, LIU Han1,2,3
      Effects of nitrogen forms on nitrogen uptake and allocation and andrographolide components accumulation in Andrographis paniculata
      Nitrogen(N)is a mineral nutrient with the highest demand for plants, and it is also a vital abiotic factor that limits plant yield and quality. Plants use inorganic and organic N sources from soil, and N form is a key factor affecting the active ingredients and their contents in medicinal plants. However, the utilization characteristics of different N forms by medicinal plants and the impact on active ingredients remain to be investigated. With nitrate nitrogen(NN), ammonium nitrogen(AN), amide nitrogen(urea, UN)and amino acid nitrogen(glycine, GN)as sole N source and combining 15N isotope tracing and physiological and biochemical analysis, this study aimed to clarify the characteristics of N uptake and utilization and its effect on the accumulation of andrographolide components at different growth stages(rapid growth stage, jointing stage, budding stage, flowering stage)of Andrographis paniculata. The results were as follows:(1)N contents in leaf and root decreased gradually with the growth stage, and it was lower in the NN treatment.(2)The uptake rate of N was higher in the vegetative growth stage, and rapidly decreased in the reproductive growth stage. The uptake rates of AN, UN and GN were higher than that of NN in A. paniculata.(3)The allocation ratio of N in leaf was decreased, while the allocation ratio of N in stem was increased at budding stage. In comparison to the NN treatment, AN, UN, and GN treatments reduced N allocation ratio in leaf, but increased the ratios in stem and root at this growth stage.(4)At rapid growth stage, the maximum carboxylation rate and maximum electron transport rate of photosynthesis were lower in the NN treatment, as well as the proportion of leaf N allocation in the carboxylation system and bioenergetics components. The allocation of leaf N in the carboxylation system in UN and AN treatments were reduced at budding and flowering stages, respectively.(5)AN, UN and GN increased andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide contents, and decreased 14-deoxyandrographolide content at budding and flowering stages, while neoandrographolide was slightly affected by N forms.(6)The contents of andrographolide and neoandrographolide were significantly negatively correlated with N contents in leaf, stem and root, N uptake rate, and N allocation ratios in leaf and root, while they were significantly positively correlated with N allocation ratio in stem. The opposite was true for 14-deoxyandrographolide. Taken together, the results indicate that the vegetative growth stage is the main stage for N uptake in A. paniculata, and that A. paniculata can better utilize AN, UN, and GN, and promote the accumulation of andrographolide components by optimizing N allocation. The results provide a theoretical reference for N management of A. paniculata.
      2024,44(11):2076-2088    [Abstract](134)    [PDF](72)
    • FENG Liujun1, CHEN Zhiqiang1*, LUO Lijin2, WANG Jian1
      Effects of bacterial agent application on physiological characteristics of photosynthesis and stress resistance in Dicranopteris pedata under high temperature stress
      In order to investigate study the influence of microbial agent Bacillus natto on the ability of Dicranopteris pedata to tolerate high temperature stress, we determined the physiological indexes of photosynthesis and resistance to high temperature of annual D. pedata under different temperatures and fertilizer treatments. The results were as follows:(1)Both temperature and fertilizer could significantly affect the photosynthesis and high temperature resistance physiology of D. pedata(P<0.05).(2)The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content of D. pedata leaves were significantly reduced(P<0.05)when the temperature was increased to 45 ℃. The inhibition of photosynthetic physiology of Dicranopteris pedata by high-temperature stress was an non-stomatal limiting. To defend the high temperature stress, the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase activity, proline, malondialdehyde content, and relative conductivity of D. pedata were increased significantly(P<0.05).(3)Compared with the control group and the organic fertilizer group, the fertilizer with microbial agent audition significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and the activities of peroxide dismutase and catalase in leaves of D. pedata, and decreased the intercellular CO2 concentration, malondialdehyde content and the relative electrical conductivity of D. pedata leaves(P<0.05).(4)The evaluation method combining principal component analysis and membership function method was used to evaluate the high temperature resistance of D. pedata. It was found that the D. pedata scored higher in resistance to high temperature under fertilizer-added origin manure application. Overall, D. pedata has a certain degree of resistance to high temperature, and can selectively induce stress resistance physiology to adapt the high temperatures environment according to different stress environments. Bacillus natto can alleviate the photosynthesis inhibition of Dicranopteris pedata by high temperature stress, induce the increase of antioxidant enzyme activities to alleviate cell damage, reduce the pressure of osmoregulation, and effectively improved the resistance of D. pedata induced by high temperature stress. This study provide a reference for the ecological restoration and soil and water conservation in the southern red soil erosion area and similar areas.
      2024,44(11):2089-2100    [Abstract](126)    [PDF](73)
    • HAN Ruiting, ZHAO Dandan, WANG Weiyi, ZHANG Gexiang*
      Effects of shading on photosynthetic characteristics and shade-tolerance evaluation of three Ranunculaceae plants
      In order to investigate the response mechanism of Ranunculus japonicus, Thalictrum fortunei and Delphinium anthriscifolium var. savatieri in different light environments, five shade treatment levels(0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% shade degrees)were set in this study, the photosynthetic indexes of the three plants were determined, and the effects of different shade treatments on their photosynthetic characteristics and shade-tolerance evaluation were studied. The results were as follows: with the increase of shading degree,(1)The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll(a+b)and carotenoid increased, while the content of chlorophyll a/b decreased.(2)The apparent quantum yield(AQY)of the three plants increased first and then decreased; the maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax)of Ranunculus japonicus and Delphinium anthriscifolium var. savatieri showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing, while the Pmax of Thalictrum fortunei showed a decreasing trend. The light saturation point(LSP), light compensation point(LCP)and dark respiration rate(Rd)of the three plants decreased gradually.(3)The original fluorescence(Fo)decreased first and then increased, while the maximum fluorescence(Fm), variable fluorescence(Fv), maximum photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(Fv/Fm)and potential activity of PS Ⅱ(Fv/Fo)values increased first and then decreased; the quantum ratio of heat dissipation(φDo)and the energy dissipated per unit reaction center(DIo/RC)decreased first and then increased, while electron transport quantum yield(φEo), light energy absorbed per unit reaction center(ABS/RC), light energy captured per unit reaction center(TRo/RC), energy used to transfer electrons per unit reaction center(ETo/RC), photosynthetic performance index(PIabs)and comprehensive performance index(PItotal)increased first and then decreased.(4)Comprehensive analysis on 20 single indicators by using analysis methods such as principal component analysis and membership function method showed that the shade-tolerance of the three plants ranked as Thalictrum fortunei > Delphinium anthriscifolium var. savatieri > R. japonicus. In conclusion, the three species have different adaptability to light, which provides a reference for the application of Ranunculaceae plants in landscaping.
      2024,44(11):2101-2112    [Abstract](156)    [PDF](77)
    • ZHENG Jianyun, HONG Linlan, GU Yuanqin, HUANG Jin, HU Jingwen, DING Mei, DU Qin*
      Allelopathic effects of potato root exudates on Andrographis paniculata seedings under cinnamic acid stress
      In order to confirm the viability of the potato-Andrographis paniculata rotation mode, and to investigate the effect mechanism of potato root exudates on phenolic acid allelochemicals in the potato-A. paniculata rotation system, the seeds of A. paniculata were used as materials to explore the effects of potato root exudates on seed germination, root border cell morphology, and root tip antioxidant enzyme activity of A. paniculata under cinnamic acid stress. The results were as follows:(1)0.4 mmol·L-1 cinnamic acid significantly inhibited the germination and growth of A. paniculata seeds. Adding different concentrations of potato root exudates had a certain mitigation effect on all gerimation indexes. When the concentration of root exudate was 25 mg·mL-1, the allelopathic effect index of each index reached its maximum value, indicating that the mitigation effect was the strongest at this time. Each germination index showed significant differences compared to the cinnamic acid group(P<0.05).(2)Cinnamic acid strongly damaged the root border cells of A. paniculata seedlings and significantly reduced the number and viability of root border cells. Adding potato root exudates could effectively alleviate this damage. After root exudates treatment, the number and viability of cells at the root border of A. paniculata increased significantly, and the apoptosis rate and thickness of the mucilage layer decreased significantly(P<0.05).(3)Cinnamic acid caused strong stress damage to the root tip of A. paniculata, which led to an imbalance of the antioxidant enzyme system and decreased root activity. After the treatment of potato root exudates, the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and malondialdehyde content in the root tip of A. paniculata decreased significantly, and the root activity increased significantly(P<0.05), indicating that the degree of damage to the root tip decreased. In conclusion, potato root exudates can reduce the degree of oxidative damage to the root tip of seedlings by reducing the allelopathic stress of root marginal cells, improve the tolerance of A. paniculata to cinnamic acid during germination and the seedling stage, and alleviate the allelopathic inhibition of cinnamic acid on the growth characteristics of A. paniculata seedlings. The results provide a theoretical reference for the rationality of the potato-A. paniculata rotation mode.
      2024,44(11):2113-2124    [Abstract](122)    [PDF](65)
      • Ecology and Biogeography
    • SHI Leiqi, LIU Ziyu, WANG Chaojun, WANG Yinhao, DU Xunqiu, WANG Xuemei*
      Effects of water and soil microorganisms on the growth traits of Albizia kalkora and Leucaena leucocephala in a dry-hot valley
      Vegetation restoration is an effective way for ecological restoration in the dry-hot valley, and many alien species are introduced along with natural vegetation restoration. In order to compare the responses of native and alien species to water and microorganisms, the native Albizia kalkora and alien Leucaena leucocephala were selected as our research objects, and the effects of water and soil microorganisms on the growth and development of the two plants were studied by soil water control and soil microbial inoculation under climate chamber conditions. The results were as follows:(1)Compared with Leucaena leucocephala, the seed germination rate, root biomass, root-shoot ratio and plant N:P ratio of Albizia kalkora were significantly increased by 58.82%, 76.13%, 90.59% and 18.42%, respectively(P<0.05).(2)Under drought conditions, the root biomass and plant nitrogen content of Albizia kalkora were significantly lower than those under moist conditions by 33.67% and 8.65%(P<0.05), and the plant height, aboveground biomass and root biomass of Leucaena leucocephala under drought conditions were 39.32%, 40.06% and 39.61% lower than those under moist conditions(P<0.05), indicating that drought inhibited the growth and nutrient uptake of both plants.(3)The quantity of root nodules in Albizia kalkora under drought conditions was higher than that under moist conditions(P<0.05), and the quantity of root nodules in Leucaena leucocephala under moist conditions was higher than that under drought conditions, but no significant difference.(4)Except for the litter proportion, soil microbial inoculation and the interaction between soil microorganisms and water had no significant effect on the growth of Albizia kalkora and Leucaena leucocephala. The above results suggest that Albizia kalkora is more suitable for drought environment than Leucaena leucocephala, which provides a theoretical basis for the selection of species for vegetation restoration in dry-hot valley, but the effects of soil microorganisms on plant growth are worthy of further exploration and research.
      2024,44(11):2125-2140    [Abstract](124)    [PDF](83)
    • LI Zhenxue1, DAO Zhigang1, ZHAO Gaojuan2,3*, CHEN Chao4, ZHANG Shubin2,3, ZHANG Chunzao1, LI Shouqi1, WEN Handong4, LI Tianliang4, CHEN Yajun2,3,4
      Composition and diversity pattern of plant community with elevational gradient in Yuanjiang dry-hot valley
      Although dry-hot valleys in Southwest China have shaped a landscape with a vegetation appearance similar to that of African savannas, they are different from the African savannas because of the vertical geomorphology and climate type formed by the depth of river valley and the blocking of air flow by mountains in this region, which are more prone to land degradation, species loss and plant community heterogeneity. However, previous studies have paid little attention to the vertical distribution pattern and main regulatory factors of plant community species composition and diversity. In this study, the soil nutrients, meteorological factors and species composition of 450 m(low elevation, LE), 850 m(middle elevation, ME), 1 250 m(middle-high elevation, M-HE)and 1 650 m(high elevation, HE)were investigated in Yuanjiang National Nature Reserve(Yuanjiang dry-hot valley ), and the species important values, α-diversity and β-diversity were calculated to explore their changes with the elevation gradients. The results were as follows:(1)Soil organic carbon(SOC)and nitrous nitrogen(NO3--N)at LE were significantly higher than those at other elevations.(2)The species composition and species importance value of different elevations were significantly different.(3)The species diversity of HE was high, while the species abundance of LE was high. In α-diversity, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index increased with elevation, while Simpson dominance index of tree species reached its maximum at LE. In β-diversity Jaccard and Sorenson similarity indexes of communities in adjacent elevations increased with the elevations, but those of communities in non-adjacent elevations decreased with the elevations to compare with adjacent elevations.(4)CCA showed that SWC, SOM, NO3--N and NH4+-N were the main factors affecting species differences at different elevations. It is concluded that the diversity, similarity and stability of plant communities in the hot-dry valley increased with the increasing of elevation, and the future research on the restoration of plant communities and their response and adaptation to drought should consider the spatial heterogeneity of the community, and different protection and restoration measures also should be formulated accordingly in this region.
      2024,44(11):2141-2151    [Abstract](124)    [PDF](74)
    • HUANG Ping1,2, TANG Qiming2, XIANG Youliang3, HO Boon-Chuan4, WANG Shunli2,3, WEI Yumei2*
      Ten species of liverworts and hornworts new to Guangxi, China
      Based on the examination of specimens collected from Baise, Guilin, Hechi and Nanning regions of Guangxi from 2019 to 2022, ten species of liverworts and hornworts, including Riccia cavernosa Hoffm., R. nipponica S. Hatt., Metacalypogeia alternifolia(Nees)Grolle, Bazzania angustistipula N. Kitag., Cheilolejeunea kitagawae W. Ye & R.L. Zhu, Cololejeunea magnistyla(Horik.)Mizut., Colura calyptrifolia(Hook.)Dumort., Lejeunea convexiloba M.L. So & R.L. Zhu, Anthoceros angustus Steph., and A. subtilis Steph., are reported new to Guangxi. Among them, Colura calyptrifolia represents the first record for Chinese mainland, and Metacalypogeia is a new genus record for Guangxi. The diagnostic characters, voucher specimens, distribution, microscopic illustrations and taxonomic notes are also documented for each species. This study provides useful knowledge to better understand the bryophytes biodiversity in Guangxi, as well as in China.
      2024,44(11):2152-2162    [Abstract](128)    [PDF](91)

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