山茶属五种稀有濒危植物种子的生物学特性研究

Biological characteristics of five rare and endangered Camellia seeds in Guizhou Province

关键词:  山茶属, 稀有濒危植物, 种子, 生物学特性, 贵州高原亚地区（ⅢD10d）

Key words:  Camellia, rare and endangered plant, seed, biological characteristics, Guizhou Plateau (ⅢD10 d)

摘要:

长柱红山茶、美丽红山茶、贵州红山茶、皱叶瘤果茶和小黄花茶是颇具经济价值的稀有濒危植物，局部分布于贵州高原亚地区（ⅢD10 d）常绿阔叶林和常绿落叶阔叶混交林中。针对其物种濒危以及种子繁殖困难等问题，该研究对其种子生物学特性进行了分析。结果表明：（1）长柱红山茶千粒重最大（3 289.70 g）、发芽率最高（81.67%），贵州红山茶千粒重最小（786.33 g）、发芽率最低（46.00%）；（2）小黄花茶含水率最高(48.85%)，长柱红山茶含水率最低（39.52%）；（3）长柱红山茶生活力最大（98.33%），皱叶瘤果茶生活力最小（63.33%）；（4）5种供试山茶种子的千粒重与生活力、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数呈极显著正相关（R≥0.772，P＜0.01），种子生活力与发芽率和发芽势呈极显著正相关（R≥0.738，P＜0.01）、与发芽指数呈显著正相关（R=0.532，P＜0.05）。以上结果说明，种皮较坚硬而不易吸水萌发，种子遭遇动物摄食和病虫侵蚀损耗而不利于种群繁衍是其物种濒危的重要原因。该研究结果为其植物资源的保护和利用提供了参考。

Abstract:

Camellia longistyla, C. delicata, C. kweichouensis, C. rhytidophylla, C. luteoflora are rare and endangered species with important economic value. They are locally distributed in evergreen broad leaved forest and evergreen and deciduous broad leaved mixed forest in Guizhou Plateau (ⅢD10 d). In order to explore the seed reproduction and endangered reason of these species， the biological characteristics were studied in this paper. The results were as follows: (1) About thousand grain weight and germination rate, the maximum was C. longistyla 3 289.70 g and 81.67%, the minimum was C. kweichouensis 786.33 g and 46.00%. (2) The maximum water content was C. luteoflora 48.85%, the minimum one was C. longistyla 39.52%. (3) The maximum viability was C. longistyla 98.33 %, the minimum one was C. rhytidophylla 63.33%. (4) The results indicated that thousand grain weight was significantly positively correlated with viability, germination rate, germination energy and germination index (R≥0.772， P＜0.01). The viability and germination rate were positively correlated with germination energy significantly (R≥0.738， P＜0.01) and positively correlated with germination index (R=0.532， P＜0.05). The seed coat was hard and not easy to absorb water, and it was not easy for the population reproduction because of the loss of feeding and disease and insect erosion, which was an important reason for the endangered species. The experimental results provides the reference for the protection and utilization of these plant resources.