福建平潭岛种子植物区系地理及外来植物对其影响

Flora of seed plants in Pingtan Island, Fujian and effects of exotic plants

关键词:  平潭岛, 植物区系, 地理成分, 相似性, 聚类分析

Key words:  Pingtan Island, flora, geographical elements, similarity, cluster analysis

摘要:

通过对平潭岛种子植物区系的调查,初步统计出平潭岛共有种子植物127科369属541种,其中,原生植物330 种,隶属于91科234属,外来植物211种,隶属于79科160属。与邻近大陆区域、东南沿海岛屿的比较和聚类分析结果表明,平潭岛种子植物区系及地理分布类型具有以下特点:(1)较大陆地区原生种子植物,平潭岛植物种类相对贫乏,单种科数量多,优势科少。与大陆植物种类相似性小,平潭岛原生种子植物区系成分(种和属)与鹫峰山有最高的相似性,与虎伯寮区系的属区系分布类型关系最近。平潭岛种子植物区系成分(种和属)与上海崇明岛有最高的相似性,而平潭岛大金山岛区系的属区系分布类型关系最近;(2)127科种子植物可划分为12个类型和7个变型,369属种子植物可划分为14个类型和12个变型,以热带成分为主,温带成分其次,缺乏起源古老的区系成分;(3)平潭岛原生种子植物与大陆地区的植物种类相似性相对较低,具有典型的海滨特色海岛乡土植物;(4)外来植物与平潭岛种子植物区系成分及科属的分布区类型具有极显著相关(P<0.01),并对原生种子植物的分布区类型构成有较大的影响。

Abstract:

The flora were investigated and analyzed in Pingtan Island, Fujian Province. According to primarily statistics, there are 541 species of seed plants belonging to 369 genera of 127 families, including 330 species of native plants in 234 genera of 91 families and 211 species of exotic plants in 160 genera of 79 families. Compared to nearby mainland and coastal islands in China, the major characteristics of Pingtan Island flora were summarized as follows: Firstly, island plants species were poorer than continential plants. The quantity of single-species family was more than that of dominant families. The flora of species and genera in Pingtan Island was similar to that in Jiufeng Mountain and Chongming Island. The cluster analysis showed that the distribution type of genera flora in Pingtan Island was similar to Huboliao National Nature Reserve and Dajinshan Island. Secondly, 127 families were divided into twelve types and seven variants at family-level, 369 genera were divided into fourteen types and twelve variants at genus-level. Tropical elements take obvious advantages, part of subtropical elements, nevertheless there lack the relic plants. Thirdly, we conduct that part of native plants of Pingtan Island and continential plants were different. A number of plants were native strand plants, which showed typical coastal features. Lastly, the relationship between the flora of exotic plants and native plants had a very significant correlation. At the meantime, exotic plants had a great influence on Pingtan Island flora and distribution types.