库车种子植物区系垂直分布格局分析

Analysis on vertical distribution pattern of flora of seed plants in Kuche

关键词:  植物区系, 垂直分布格局, 物种多样性, 地理成分, 库车

Key words:  flora, pattern of vertical distribution, species diversity, geographical elements, Kuche

摘要:

该研究通过野外植被调查及相关文献资料查阅,探讨了库车山区种子植物区系的垂直分布格局特征及其对海拔变化的响应。结果表明:该区种子植物约有78科376属960种。其中,裸子植物3科3属9种,被子植物75科373属951种。植物科、属、种总数随着海拔的升高呈现先增加后降低的单峰分布结构。其中科总数在海拔1 600～1 800 m处为最高峰,属总数在海拔1 800～1 900 m处呈现最高峰; 物种总数在海拔1 900～2 000 m处呈现最高峰,有478种(隶属59科,230属)。种子植物区系地理成分分析中,库车山区植物区系垂直海拔梯度上不管是科级水平还是属级水平种类成分都以温带分布型占优势。在垂直分布梯度上,温带分布科最高点出现在海拔1 800～1 900 m(含20科),从海拔2 800～2 900 m开始,随着海拔梯度升高呈现下降趋势,到海拔3 600～3 700 m时为最低点(含6科); 温带分布属峰值出现在海拔1 900～2 000 m,随着海拔的升高呈现下降趋势。该研究结果对该区植物种质资源和生态系统多样性,植物资源的引种驯化、栽培和合理利用具有重要意义。

Abstract:

Kuche is located in the middle of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang,the northern margin of the Tarim Basin. In terms of geographical division, the vegetation in this region belongs to the warm temperate shrub and subshrub desert area of Xinjiang. Based on field studies and relevant literature, the vertical distribution characteristics of the flora in Kuche were systematically analyzed. The results showed that there were approximately 960 species of seed plants belonging to 78 families and 376 genera in Kuche. Among these, there were nine species of Gymnosperm belonging to three families and three genera. There were 951 species of Angiosperm belonging to 75 families and 373 genara. The total number of families indicated that the highest peak at the elevation with 1 600-1 800 m. The total number of genera indicated that the highest peak at the elevation with 1 800-1 900 m. The total number of species showed that the highest peak at the elevation with 1 900-2 000 m, there were 59 families, 230 genera, 478 species. From the altitude with 2 200-2 300 m, the number of seed plants family, genus, species showed a decreasing trend with increasing altitude, and the distribution curve showed an unimodal peak distribution structure. North temperate elements were dominant in family and genera floristic composition. In vertical gradients, a peak of temperate distribution type appeared in 1 800-1 900 m(including 20 families), from the altitude gradient with 2 800-2 900 m showed a decreasing trend, to 3 600-3 700 m was the lowest(including six families); The temperate distribution peak of the genus appeared in 1 900-2 000 m, and then decreased with the increase of altitude. This study is very important for the characteristics of the altitude gradients on the flora of seed plants of Kuche Mountain in the area of plant germplasm resources and ecosystem diversity, and plant resources of domestication, cultivation and utilization.