云南杓兰菌根真菌组成及共生关系研究

Composition of mycorrhizal fungi and symbiotic relationship of Cypripedium yunnanense

关键词:  云南杓兰, 菌根真菌, 优势菌群, 胶膜菌属

Key words:  Cypripedium yunnanense, mycorrhizal fungi, dominant gunes, Tulasnella

摘要:

杓兰属(Cypripedium)植物因具有较高的观赏和药用价值而长期被过度采集,已成为濒危植物。利用菌根技术进行杓兰属植物的保护和人工栽培,需要获得其可培养的菌根真菌。该研究采用分离培养法和共生回接方法,研究了云南杓兰菌根真菌菌群组成及其共生关系。结果表明:(1)从10株云南杓兰300块毛根组织中分离获得126株内生真菌,归属为3个菌属,分别是胶膜菌属(Tulasnella)73株、伏革菌属(Corticium)36株、角担菌属(Ceratobasidium)17株。其中,胶膜菌属为优势菌群,占总菌株数量的57.94%。(2)6株供试菌株中,4株菌株可显著缩短种子的萌发过程,6株菌株对幼苗的生长有显著的促进作用。(3)从中筛选获得一株CY-18高效促生真菌,对云南杓兰种子共生萌发和幼苗共生生长有极显著的促进作用。该研究结果为更好地利用菌根技术进行杓兰属植物资源的保护与可持续利用奠定了基础。

Abstract:

Cypripedium plants are endangered by over-harvesting due to their high ornamental and medicinal value. It is necessary to obtain the culturable mycorrhizal fungi in the application of mycorrhizal technology for the protection and artificial cultivation of C. yunnanense. The composition of mycorrhizal fungi and their symbiotic relationship of C. yunnanense were studied by culture-dependent and inoculate methods. The results showed that one hundred and twenty-six independent fungal isolates were obtained from three hundred root tissues of C. yunnanense. The isolates were identified to three genera: Tulasnella (seventy-three), Corticium (thirty-six)and Ceratobasidium (seventeen). Among them,Tulasnella(57.94%)were dominant genus. The mycorrhizal fungi could significantly shorten the seed germination process and promoted the seeding growth. The strain CY-18 was found to be a growth-promoting fungus. Moreover, above results simultaneously could be used as a valuable candidate sources for the protection and sustainable utilization of C. plants resources by mycorrhizal technology.