狮耳草属——中国唇形科植物一新归化属

Leonotis, a newly naturalized genus of Lamiaceae in China

关键词:  唇形科, 狮耳草属, 荆芥叶狮耳草, 归化属, 新分布

Key words:  Lamiaceae, Leonotis, Leonotis nepetifolia, naturalized genus, new distribution

摘要:

该文报道了中国唇形科植物一新归化种——荆芥叶狮耳草 [Leonotis nepetifolia(L.)R. Br.],该种的发现代表狮耳草属 [Leonotis(Pers.)R. Br.]在中国的新归化。狮耳草属的主要特征为轮伞花序腋生,苞片和萼齿顶端针刺状,花冠桔红色或黄色,冠唇上唇较大,下唇较小; 其与绣球防风属(Leucas R. Br)较为接近,但后者的萼齿等大,花冠通常白色,花冠筒不超出萼外,冠檐下唇长于上唇,二者区别较为显著。荆芥叶狮耳草为一年生草本。轮伞花序球形,多花密集,其下承以多数密集苞片; 苞片细长,向下微弯曲,先端针刺状。花萼管状,先端膨大而略折曲; 萼齿针刺状,最上面一枚较大。花冠桔红色,密被桔红色绒毛; 花冠筒细长,伸出萼筒之外; 冠檐二唇形,上唇较大,下唇较小。荆芥叶狮耳草与同属植物Leonotis leonurus R. Br.最为相似,但前者叶为卵圆形或心形,后者的叶片多为披针形。根据该研究的标本和相关文献资料,该文还提供了狮耳草属和荆芥叶狮耳草的形态描述、地理分布的讨论,以及荆芥叶狮耳草的资源价值、归化途经、繁殖和危害的讨论和野外生态照片。

Abstract:

Leonotis nepetifolia(L.)R. Br.(Lamiaceae), a naturalized species was first found in China. The naturalization of this species represents that the genus Leonotis(Pers.)R. Br. was firstly recorded from China. Leonotis is characterized by its axillary verticillasters, bracteoles and calyx teeth needle-like at apex, flowers orange or yellow, and the upper corolla lip longer than the lower one; it is the most similar to the genus Leucas R. Br., but the latter has almost equal calyx teeth, flowers white, corolla tubes not exceeding the calyx, and the upper corolla lip shorter than lower one. Leonotis nepetifolia is an annual herb. Its verticillasters are usually globular, and with dense flowers and bracts; bracteoles are linear, and slight curving, acute at apex. Calyxes are tubular, swollen and slightly curving at apex; Calyx teeth are needle-like at apex, the adaxial lobes are larger then the others. Corolla are orange, and with orange or whitish-yellow hairs; Corolla tubes are slender, and extend from calyx; Corolla limb is 2-lipped, the upper lip is larger than the lower one. Leonotis nepetifolia is the most similar to Leonotis leonurus R. Br., but the former has oval or cordate leaves, in contrast the latter has lanceolate leaves. An amplified taxonomic description, discussion on the geographical distribution, resource value, domestication approach, reproduction and harm, and related photos are provided in this study.