细叶小羽藓营养成分的测定分析

Determination and analysis on nutrients of Haplocladium microphyllum

关键词:  苔藓,营养成分,氨基酸,脂肪酸,矿质元素

Key words:  moss, nutrients, amino acids, fatty acids, mineral elements

摘要:

该研究以细叶小羽藓为材料,测定了基本营养成分总糖、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、灰分的含量,采用气相色谱、氨基酸自动分析仪分别检测了脂肪酸和氨基酸的组分含量,并通过化学分析法和扫描电镜明确了细叶小羽藓矿质元素含量及分布情况。结果表明:细叶小羽藓中主要成分是糖类,占16.11%,粗蛋白质、灰分含量分别为11.20%、23.34%。氨基酸组成均衡,必需氨基酸(EAA )占氨基酸总量(TAA)的27.70%,必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(EAA/NEAA)为0.38; 限制性氨基酸为组氨酸,比值系数分(SRC)为12.96; 药用氨基酸占总氨基酸的62.12%; 天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸、亮氨酸等含量相对较高。不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值为0.74,不饱和脂肪酸花生四烯酸(AA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)相对含量较高。富含矿物质,茎叶元素均匀分布,其中Al、Ca、Fe、K、Mg等元素含量很高。综上认为,细叶小羽藓是一种含糖量较多、矿质丰富、低脂、低蛋白的苔藓,作为生物资源具有开发潜力。

Abstract:

In order to provide theoretical information for the effective utilization value of the moss Haplocladium microphyllum(Hedw.)Broth., we measured the general components included total sugar, crude fat, crude protein and ash. The compositions and contents of amino acids in moss were determined by automatic amino acid analyzer. For making known the content and composition of fatty acids in moss oil and then offering reference to the reasonable exploitation, we made the analysis on fatty acid content and construction variation of fatty acid with high performance gas chromatography. We determined mineral element contents by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry, and analyzed the stem and leaf elemental distribution and average mass fraction by SEM X-ray microanalysis method. The results showed that total sugar in H. microphyllum reached up to 16.11%, the contents of crude protein and ash were 11.20% and 23.34%, respectively. The amino acid composition of protein was in balance with EAA/TAA 27.70% and the ratio of EAA to NEAA 0.38. In H. microphyllum, there was the limiting amino acid histidine with SRC 12.96. The content of medicinal amino acid was 62.12% of total amino acid, and the contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine and leucine were relatively higher in eighteen kinds of amino acids. The crude fat content in H. microphyllum was 0.32% with the ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to total fatty acids as 38.21%. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids was 0.74. The content of palmitic acid was the highest, followed by acidum linoleicum and alpha-linolenic acid, while arachidonic acid and docoshexaenoic acid were relatively high in unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, the mineral element contents of the moss were very rich and various. As the beneficial trace elements, the contents of K, Ca, Mg, P and Fe were relatively high. Between stem and leaf, the elemental composition was the same, but average mass fraction was slightly different. The distribution of chemical elements in stem was uniform, similar to that of the leaf. Therefore, H. microphyllum was a biological resource to be developed, which contained lower fats and proteins, richer minerals and higher sugars.